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Stockholm Resilience Centre Research for Biosphere Stewardship and Innovation

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Stockholm Resilience Centre Research for Biosphere Stewardship and Innovation Stockholm Resilience Centre Research for Biosphere Stewardship and Innovation Master’s Thesis, 60 ECTS Ecosystems, Resilience and Governance Master’s programme 2010/15, 120 ECTS What facilitates or hinders the introduction of Adaptive Governance approaches into water quality management on a local level? A case of Swedish municipalities Ulrika Lyckman Alnered Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University Master’s Thesis, 60 ECTS Ecosystems Resilience Governance Master’s programme 2010/12 120 ECTS What facilitates or hinders the introduction of Adaptive Governance approaches into water quality management on a local level? A case of Swedish municipalities Ulrika Lyckman Alnered 1 Abstract Adaptive Governance approaches are being implemented by officials in Swedish municipalities. A close dialogue and cooperation between municipalities, and the acceptance of the uncertainty and unpredictability of climate change are included in the strategic work, and facilitate the introduction of Adaptive Governance approaches. However, Adaptive Governance approaches are at the same time hindered by the municipal systems, which does not allow for the introduction of new and innovative information. In particular, this study demonstrates that the systems are not structured to include such information from informal sources, such as citizens and farmers. This comparative study investigates water quality management at the local level, applying the concept of Adaptive Governance in three Swedish municipalities: Kalmar, Västerås and Upplands Väsby.The analysis is based on the theoretical framework of Adaptive Governance that expands on the understanding of adaptive management. The 17 semi-structured interviews conclude that the facilitators for Adaptive Governance are most evident within the areas of collaboration and shared responsibility between municipalities. Barriers to the development of Adaptive Governance are identified as a failure in the systems to include ecological knowledge. Expanding Adaptive Governance research to a larger number of municipalities within the European Union would shed some more light on what facilitates and what hinders the inclusion of Adaptive Governance approaches at the local level. Such research would have a dual effect: as a contribution to science and as a promotion for the practical implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive according to the Adaptive Governance approaches of the European water quality management. 2 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................ 5 1.1 The structure of contemporary Swedish water governance ..................................................................... 7 1.2 Aim of study and research questions ................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Thesis outline .................................................................................................................................................................. 9 2. Theoretical framework ................................................................................................................................................ 10 2.1 Adaptive Governance approaches – interacting aspects .......................................................................... 10 Water quality management and climate change ............................................................................................................. 11 Water quality management and ecological knowledge ................................................................................................ 11 Water quality management, feedback mechanism of knowledge and stakeholder inclusion ..................... 12 Water quality management, flexible institutions and stakeholder participation T ......................................... 13 Combined interacting aspects of Adaptive Governance ............................................................................................... 13 2.2 Adaptive Governance analytical framework – applied for this study ................................................. 14 2.4 Gaps in Adaptive Governance research ............................................................................................................. 15 3. Case Study .......................................................................................................................................................................... 17 3.1 Case study selection and description ................................................................................................................. 17 3.2 The municipalities; prioritized water management areas; collaboration ........................................ 19 Municipality of Kalmar ............................................................................................................................................................... 19 Municipality of Västerås ............................................................................................................................................................. 19 Municipality of Upplands Väsby ............................................................................................................................................. 20 4. Methods .......................................................................................................................................................................... 21 4.1 Semi-structured interviews ................................................................................................................................ 21 4.2 Analytical framework; Adaptive Governance ............................................................................................ 21 Presentation of the analytical procedure; template for coding ................................................................................ 22 4.3 Document analysis ................................................................................................................................................. 26 4.4 Ethical considerations .......................................................................................................................................... 26 5. Results ............................................................................................................................................................................. 27 5.1 Presentation of the interviews ............................................................................................................................... 27 Build ecological knowledge (Variables A-D) ..................................................................................................................... 28 Feedback of knowledge (Variables E-F) .............................................................................................................................. 32 Flexible institutions (Variables G-I) ...................................................................................................................................... 35 5.2 Document analysis ................................................................................................................................................. 38 5.3 Collaboration with other municipalities in the region .............................................................................. 39 Regional collaboration, Kalmar ............................................................................................................................................... 39 Regional collaboration, Västerås ............................................................................................................................................ 40 Regional collaboration, Upplands Väsby ............................................................................................................................. 41 Friction between local and regional levels ......................................................................................................................... 42 6. Discussion ...................................................................................................................................................................... 44 7. Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................................... 49 8. References ...................................................................................................................................................................... 50 APPENDIX I: Interview guide, questions in Swedish ............................................................................................ 55 APPENDIX II: Municipality of Kalmar; summary of the answers given by the respondents .............. 59 APPENDIX III: Municipality of Västerås; summary of the answers given by the respondents .......... 63 APPENDIX IV: Municipality of Upplands Väsby; summary of the answers given by the respondents ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 66 APPENDIX V: Status of water quality and the regional cooperation for Kalmar, Västerås and Upplands Väsby ...................................................................................................................................................................
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