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THE CONNECTICUT CIVIL WAR CENTENNIAL

CONNECTICUT MILITARY AND NAVAL LEADERS IN THE CIVIL WAR CONNECTICUT CIVIL WAR CENTENNIAL COMMISSION •

ALBERT D. PUTNAM, Chairman

WILLIAM j. FINAN, Vice Chairman

WILLIAM j . LoWRY, Secretary •

E XEcUTIVE CoMMITTEE

ALBERT D. PuTNAM ...... Ha·rtford WILLIAM j. FINAN ...... Woodmont WILLIAM j. LOWRY ...... Wethers field BENEDicT M. HoLDEN, jR• ...... West l!artfortl EDWARD j. LoNERGAN ...... Hartford

HAMILToN BAsso ...... Westport VAN WYcK BRooKs ...... Bridgewater CHARLES A. BucK ...... West Hartford j. DoYLE DEWITT ...... West Hartford RoBERT EisENBERG ...... Stratford ALLAN KELLER ...... Darien WILLIAM E. MILLs, jR...... Stamford EDwARD OLsEN ...... Westbrook PROF. RoLLIN G. OsTERWEis ...... New Havm FRANK E. RAYMOND ...... Rowayton ALBERT S. REDWAY ...... Hamden RoBERT SALE ...... Hartford HAROLD L. ScoTT ...... Bristol RoBERT PENN W AltltEN ...... Fairfield CoL. EGBERT WHITE ...... New Milford DR. joHN T. WINTERS ...... West Hartford

joHN N. DEMPSEY, Governor

ANTHONY J. ARMENTANO, Lt-Governor DEDICATION

This pamphlet is d edicated to the thousands of Connecticut men who gave their lives that the Union might be preserved.

COMPILED BY

Col. E. P. Leddy, and Edward ] . Lonergan, Chairman, Hartford Member, Connecticut Civil War Centennial Civil War Centennial Committee Commission

FOREWORD

During the Centennial observance of the Civil War, the purpose of the Commission is to provide the public with information on Connec­ ticut's participation in the great struggle. This pamphlet provides data on Connecticut men who attained high rank in the Army and Navy. Our citizens may well feel proud of the fact that Connecticut furnished, in addition to the Secretary of the Navy, 4 Admirals; 6 Commodores; 18 Major Generals, and 35 Brigadier Generals.

The roster of officers herein has been limited to natives of this State and those who adopted it as their residence. It does not include high ranking officers of other states who may have commanded Connecticut troops at times.

The reader will note that three types of commtsswns were issued during the Civil War. The first type pertains to rank in the regular army. The second concerns those in the volunteers. This type was issued to all volunteer officers commissioned from civilian life. Most of the regular army officers also received commissions in the volunteer service. Thus, a man might hold a commission as Captain in the United States Army and be made a Brigadie-r General of Volunteers. It was a temporary rank held only during the War. Upon the termination of hostilities such a regular army officer was returned to his rank in the regular army. Thirdly, there were brevet ranks issued both as to the regular army and to the volunteers. A brevet rank is a commission promoting an officer to a higher rank without an increase in pay and with a limited exercise of the higher rank, although he may be addressed by his brevet title and wear the uniform of the brevet rank. It will be observed that a number of Colonels of Volunteers were given the brevet rank of Brigadier General of Volunteers for war services.

E . P. LEDDY and E. J. LONERGAN

CONTENTS

Babbitt, E. B...... 29 Loomis, G ...... 34 Benham, H. W...... 14 Lyon, N...... 35 Bibliography ...... 43 Mansfield, J. K. F. . 21 Birge, H. W...... 15 Mower, ] . A...... 22 Blakeslee, E...... 30 Meyers, F ...... 36 Bradley, L. P...... 30 Noble, W. H...... 36 Burnham, J. A...... 30 Otis, J. L...... 37 Carrington, H. B ...... _.. ... 31 Peck, F. H. 37 Champlin, S...... 12 Perry, ]. A. 37 Clark, W . T...... 15 Pierson, W. S...... 38 Co it, J. B...... 31 Ripley, J. W...... 23 Couch, D . N ...... 16 Roberts, S. H . .... 38 Dennis, ] . B...... 32 Rodgers, C. R. P...... 11 Dutton, A. H ...... 32 Rockwell, A. P...... 38 Ellis, T. G...... 32 Ross, S...... 38 Ely, W. G ...... 33 Sedgwick, J...... 23 Ferry, 0 . S...... 17 Stedman, G. A ...... 39 Foote, A. H . 8 Shaler, A...... 24 Franklin, W . B...... 18 Terry, A. H ...... 25 Glynn, J...... 12 Terry, H. D. 39 Goodyear, E. D . S...... 33 Totten, J. G. 26 Greeley, E. S...... 33 Tourteltotte, J. E...... 39 Green, C...... 12 Tyler, R. 0...... 27 Gregory, F. H ...... 9 Tyler, D...... 40 Harland, E...... 34 Von Steinwehr, A . W . A . F. 40 Hawley, J. R...... 20 Ward, H. C...... 41 Hitchcock, R. B...... 13 Welles, G...... 7 Hubbard, J...... 34 W essels, H. W...... 41 Hull, J. B...... 13 Whitaker, E. W...... 42 Hunt, T. 13 Whittelsey, H. M ...... 42 Ives, B...... 34 Williams, A. S...... 29 Ketchum, W. S...... 20 Wright, H . G...... 28 Lanman, J...... 10

5

GIDEON WELLES

Secretary of the Navy

Born in Glastonbury, Connecticut, on 1 July 1802, Gideon Welles received his education at Norwich University in Vermont. When 24 years old he became part owner and editor of the Hartford Times. While editor he served several terms in the State Legislature and one term as State Comptroller. Always liberal in his political views, he was an ardent Jacksonian Democrat. He was a candidate for the U. S. Congress in 1834, but was defeated. His position on the slavery question created a schism on the newspaper, and he resigned as editor in 1836. President Jackson then appointed him Postmaster of Hartford, a position which he held for seven years. From 1846-49 he served as Chief of the Bureau of Provisions and Clothing for the Navy. Subsequent to his return home he became a director of the Hartford Bank, the predecessor of the Hartford Bank and Trust Company. When the Republican Party was formed, Welles found himself in agreement with its stand on the slavery issue. He became an advocate of its principles, and an early organizer. In 1856 he helped to establish the Hartford Evening Press, a Republican newspaper. He was the unsuccessful candidate for Governor on the ticket of the new party in that year. When Abraham Lincoln came to Hartford in 1860 he was greeted by Gideon Welles. In 1860 he led the Con­ necticut delegation to the Republican Convention, and gave his whole-hearted support to Lincoln's nomination. Welles was ap­ pointed to Lincoln's Cabinet in 1861 as Secretary of the Navy. In that capacity he made a major contribution to the Union war effort. A fine judge of men, he chose able assistants and subordi­ nates. Refusing to bow to political pressure in granting promo­ tions, he organized the Navy into an efficient and powerful fighting force. He built it up from 90 ships and 9,000 men to 670 ships and

7 52,000 men. With a firm belief in the new armored vessels, he authorized the construction of the "MONITOR" and other ironclads. After Lincoln's death, Welles continued to serve as Secretary of the Navy until 1869, supporting President Johnson in his efforts to carry out the reconstruction policies in which Lincoln so firmly be­ lieved. He returned to the Democratic Party in 1876, supporting Tilden for the Presidency. His diary, which was later published, gives a de­ tailed picture of the Washington scene during the years of the Civil War, and is filled with remarkably astute sketches of his contempo­ raries. It also provides a fine picture of Gideon Welles himself: com­ petent, able, faithful and honest, a loyal servant to his country. He died in Hartford, 11 February 1878.

REAR ADMIRAL

ANDREW HULL FOOTE

When the Civil War began, Andrew Hull Foote already had had a distinguished career in the Navy. Born in New Haven in 1806, he joined the Navy at sixteen, sailing under Admiral Gregory of Connect­ icut to the West Indies. As a midshipman he joined the Pacific Squad­ ron under Commodore Hull, also of Connecticut. In 1830 he was commissioned Lieutenant, and in 1833 he served in the Mediterranean Squadron. In 1838 he sailed around the world, and then was given two years of shore duty, being stationed at the Naval Asylum in Phil­ adelphia. During the Mexican War he served as Executive Officer of the Charleston Navy Yard. In 1849 he returned to sea duty, and, as Commanding Officer of the brig "Perry", joined the African Squadron to aid in the suppression of the slave trade. In 1852 he was promoted to Commander, and in 1856 was given command of the sloop of war "Portsmouth" and sent to China. When he was fired on by the Chinese at Canton he received permission to return the fire. His ship silenced

8 the guns of four Chinese forts. Foote sent a landing party of 287 men from the "Portsmouth" to storm the defenses. This force succeeded in capturing the forts which were manned by 5,000 Chinese with 176 guns. This action brought great prestige to the United States flag in Chinese waters. Promoted to Captain in July, 1861, Foote was put in command of the Western Flotilla to cooperate with the Army in the Mississippi River Campaigns, where he was soon made Commodore. His previous naval experience served him well and he showed great ability and energy in building up the flotilla and outfitting his gunboats. In February, 1862, aboard the "Tennessee", Foote moved upon Fort Henry in cooperation with General Grant. With seven gunboats, he bombarded the fort with such effect that it surrendered before the arrival of Grant's forces. Foote then moved with Grant to reduce Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River, but in the ensuing battle his fleet suffered severe damage, and Foote himself was wounded in the ankle. Fort Donelson fell to Grant. Foote sailed farther up the river to Clarksville, where his flotilla destroyed the iron works. His fleet then moved down river, and in March and April, 1862, he cooperated in the capture of New Madrid and Island No. 10. The wound which Foote had received at Fort Donelson did not heal and in May, 1862, he was sent home to New Haven to recuperate. The rest improved his health. He was appointed Chief of the Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting and promoted to the rank of Rear Admiral. Anxious for active duty, he was given command of the South Atlantic Squadron in May, 1862. On the way to take over his new duties, Ad­ miral Foote was taken ill in New York and died there on 26 June 1863. Foote was a deeply religious man, a strict disciplinarian and a total abstainer. He believed so firmly in the blessings of abstinence that sailors aboard his ships were forbidden the customary grog ration. Despite his rigid discipline, and his refusal to tolerate any drinking or profanity, Foote's subordinates recognized his outstanding qualities as an experienced and able commander and gave him the respect and affection which he so richly deserved.

REAR ADMIRAL FRANCIS H. GREGORY Francis Hoyt Gregory was born in Norwalk, Connecticut, 9 October 1787. He served in the merchant service for two years, then in 1809 became a midshipman in the Navy. He took part in the War of 1812, was taken prisoner, and held captive for eighteen months. From 1821­ 23 he was engaged in the suppression of piracy off the coast of Cuba. In 1828 he was promoted to Commander; and to Captain in 1838. He was assigned to the African Squadron as its commander from 1843-52. In July, 1861, he was made Supervisor of construction of all naval vessels being built outside of navy yards an.d continued in this capacity throughout the War. He was made Rear Admiral, 16 July 1862. He died in Brooklyn, New York, 4 October 1866.

9 REAR ADMIRAL JOSEPH LANMAN

Joseph Lanman was born in Norwich, Connecticut, on 11 July 1811. He entered the Navy as a Midshipman in 1825 and attained the rank of Past Midshipman in 1831, serving in the Brazil, West Indies and Pacific Squadrons. He was promoted to Lieutenant in 1835, and assigned to the West Indies Squadron. After a year of ordnance duty he went to the Pacific Squadron in 1847; thence to the Mediterranean Squadron in 1852. He was made a Commander in 1855 and assigned to duty in the Washington Navy Yard.

He commanded the steamer "Michigan" on the Great Lakes from 1856 to 1861 when he became a Captain. In 1862 he commanded the "Saranac" of the Pacific Squadron. Promoted to Commodore in August, 1862, he commanded the steam sloop "Lancaster" of the Pacific Squad­ ron in 1863. In 1864 and 1865 he commanded the frigate "Minnesota" of the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron. He led the Second Divi­ sion of Admiral Porter's Squadron in the attacks on Fort Fisher in December, 1864, and January, 1865, and was commended by Porter for his good judgment and coolness in action.

He was made a Rear Admiral in 1867 and given command of the Portsmouth Navy Yard; thence he went to the South Atlantic Squadron until he retired in May of 1872. Thereafter he lived in Norwich until his death on 13 March 1874. He is buried in the Yantic Cemetery, a monument having been erected in his honor by his townspeople.

Although he was irascible, probably due to persistent asthma, he was able, alert and sociable. He was a short, stout man with a ruddy complexion and piercing gray eyes. He wore a heavy beard which he braided and wore inside his coat.

10 REAR ADMIRAL

CHRISTOPHER R. P. RODGERS

Christopher Raymond Perry Rodgers was born in Brooklyn, New York, 4 November 1819. He was appointed midshipman from New London, Connecticut, 5 October 1833; attended New York Naval School and was assigned to duty with the Pacific Squadron. He was stationed at the New York Navy Yard from 1836-1837, and was then assigned to the Brazil Squadron. He served in the Seminole War from 1835-1842. From 1842-43 he was in the Airican Squadron. Rodgers received his Lieutenant's commission on 4 September 1844. From 1843­ 45 he served with the Mediterranean Squadron, as acting master of the "Cumberland". In the Mexican War he was present at Vera Cruz, Tobasco and Tuxpan. He was then assigned to duty for three years on Coast Survey; thence to the Brazil Squadron on the "Con­ gress"; then to the African Squadron; and the Mediterranean Squad­ ron. From 1860-1861 Rodgers served as Commandant of Midship­ men at the Naval Academy and took an active part in removing the Academy to Newport, Rhode Island, at the outbreak of the Civil War. Rodgers was promoted to con1.mander, 15 February 1861. On 10 September 1861, he was assigned to Admiral DuPont's fleet in command of the "Wabash", and participated in the battle of Port Royal. He reduced coast towns in Georgia and Florida in 1862; received the surrender of St. Augustine; and cooperated with the Army in the capture of Fort Pulaski, Georgia. In August, 1862, he was made Fleet Commander of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron. He served on the flagship "New Ironsides" at the battle of Charleston, 7 April 1863. In October, 1863, he was assigned to the "Iroquois" and sent to European, East Indian, and South American waters to put down Confederate privateering. Rodgers was promoted to Captain, 25 July 1866; and to Commodore, 28 August 1870. He served as Chief

ll of the Bureau of Equipment from 1871-74, and received his promotion to Rear Admiral, 14 June 1874. From 1874-1878 he served as Superin­ tendent of the Naval Academy, after which he took command of the Pacific Squadron until 1880; and then returned as Superintendent of the Naval Academy. A deeply religious man, of distinguished appearance, Admiral Rodgers died in Washington, 8 January 1892, and was buried at Annapolis.

COMMODORE STEP HEN CHAMPLIN

Stephen Champlin was born in South Kingston, Rhode Island . In 1795 he moved to Lebanon, Connecticut. At the age of 16 he ran away to sea. By the year 1812 he was a Captain in the merchant service. He made many voyages, one with his famous cousin, Commodore Perry. When war was declared in 1812, he was appointed a sailing master in the Navy. He served as second in command of the "Asp" on Lake Ontario and Lake Erie, was wounded and taken prisoner. He was pro­ moted to Captain in 1850 and remained in the Navy until 1867, when he was retired with the rank of Commodore.

CO MMO DORE JAMES GLYNN

James Glynn was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1801 ; entered the Navy in 1815; and was promoted from seaman to Lieu­ tenant in 1825. He received his commission as Commander in 1841. During the Mexican War he served on the California coast. Given command of the "Preble" and dispatched to Asiatic waters, he did much to pave the way for Admiral Perry's opening of Japan to American trade. He was in command of the "Macedonian" in the Carribbean Sea from January 1861 to June, 1862. He was promoted to Commodore and retired in 1867. He made his home in New Haven in his later years and died there in 1871.

COMMODORE CHARLES G REEN

Charles Green was born in South Windsor, Connecticut, in 1814. He became a midshipman in the Navy in 1826; was promoted to Lieu­ tenant in 1837; Commander in 1855; and Captain in 1862. He com­ manded the "Jamestown" during 1861-62, engaged in the blockade of the coasts of the Carolinas, Georgia and Florida, capturing seven enemy vessels. Because of incapacity incurred from long and arduous service, he was retired in 1862. On 4 April 1867 he was promoted to Commodore in recognition of his record. He died in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1887.

12 COMMODORE ROBERT B. HITCHCOCK

Born in Cheshire, Connecticut, 25 September 1803, Robert B. Hitchcock entered the United States Navy in 1825. Promoted Lieu­ tenant in 1835; and to Commander in 1855, he held that rank until 1861 when he received his commission as Captain. He was made a Commodore in 1862, and given command of the "Susquehanna" of the Gulf Squadron from 1862-63. He was senior officer of the block­ ading fleet off Mobile Bay. Hitchcock was on ordnance duty from 1864­ 65; and commanded the Boston Navy Yard in 1866, retiring in Sep­ tember of that year.

COMMODORE JOHN B. HULL

John B. Hull was born in New York, 26 April 1802, and was appointed midshipman from Connecticut in 1813. Promoted to Lieuten­ ant in 1835, and Commander in 1841, he served in the Pacific Squadron as Commander of the "Warren". He was made Captain in 1855. From 1856-1859, he commanded the "Lawrence" of the Brazil Squadron. From May, 1861, until September, 1861, he was engaged in the coast blockade as Commander of the "Savannah". Made Commodore in 1862, he retired that year from active service. From 1862-64 he superintended construction of gunboats in St. Louis. He commanded the Philadelphia Navy Yard in 1866. In 1869 he was made Lighthouse Inspector for the First District, with headquarters in Portland, Maine.

COMMODORE TIMOTHY HUNT

Timothy Hunt was born in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1805 . Ed­ ucated at Yale University, he entered the Navy as a midshipman in 1825. In 1836 he was promoted to Lieutenant, and served in the Mexican War as Commander of the "Electra" . He was commissioned Com­ mander in 1855; and Captain in 1862. During the Civil War he was assigned to the Pacific Squadron as commanding officer of the "Nar­ ragansett" . He was promoted to the rank of Commodore in 1863, and ordered east to serve as Ordnance Inspector until 1867. He was then sent to New London, Connecticut, where he served on special duty until he retired in 1877. He died in New Haven, 21 J une 1884.

13 MAJOR GENERAL

HENRY W. BENHAM

Henry Washington Benham was born in Meriden, Connecticut, in 1813 and was graduated first in his class of fifty from United States Mil­ itary Academy in 1837. After service in the Engineers, where he was en­ gaged in improving and building harbors and costal defenses, he fought in the Mexican War and received a brevet for gallantry. He was Chief Engineer, Department of the Ohio, 14 May until 22 July 1861; pro­ moted to Major, 6 August 1861; and to Brigadier General, United States Volunteers, 13 August 1861. He commanded Benham's Brigade, Army of Occupation, West Virginia, in September and October of 1861. He took part in the capture of Fort Pulaski, Georgia; and James Island. After the failure at the Battle of Secessionville, 16 June 1862, Benham was relieved of command and arrested for disobedience of orders. On General Halleck's recommendation his appointment as Brigadier Gen­ eral was revoked by President Lincoln on 7 August 1862, but this revo­ cation was cancelled on 6 February 1863. Meanwhile he was put in charge of fortifications of Boston and Plymouth. His rapid and efficient construction of pontoon bridges across the Rappahannock River during General Hooker's Chancellorsville Campaign in 1863 won him deserved acclaim and command of the Pontoon Depot in Washington from July, 1863 to May, 1864. At the end of the War he was appointed Brigadier General, and later Brevet Major Gen­ eral, United States Army. General Benham con tinued in the Regular Army until 1882, when he retired.

14 MAJOR GENERAL

HENRY W. BIRGE

Born in Hartford, Connecticut, 20 January 1825, Henry Warner Birge later became a resident of Norwich. Commissioned Major 4th Connecticut, 23 May 1861, he resigned 5 November 1861; and was named Colonel of the 13th Connecticut by his uncle, Governor Buckingham. The regiment was ordered to New Orleans where his strict discipline and insistence on spotless appearance and martial bearing so impressed the citizens that one military historian sryled the Thir­ teenth a "dandy regiment". Some time later, after a hot battle, Birge was reminded of the "parlor-soldiers" prediction and commented, "Well, I notice they didn't run away like some of the 'dirty' regiments!" He was made Brigadier General, United States Volunteers, 19 Septem­ ber 1863, and in the Gulf campaign commanded the 3rd Brigade, 4th Division, 19th Corps. This Corps was transferred to Sheridan's Army of the Shenandoah in the summer of 1864, and fought at Opequon Creek, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek. Birge commanded the 1st Brigade, 2nd Division of the Corps. He took command of the 3rd Division, lOth Corps, in North Carolina in 1865, marching with Schofield's Army to join Sherman's forces. Later he commanded the District of Savannah. Birge was made a Brevet Major General, United States Volunteers, 25 February 1865. He resigned 18 October 1865, and was awarded a vote of thanks by the Connecticut State Legislature for his war services.

MAJOR GENERAL WILLIAM T. CLARK William Thomas Clark was born in Norwalk, Connecticut, on 29 June 1831. He had to leave school at the age of 13 because of the poverty of his family. He did odd jobs in Norwalk, educated himself, taught school and studied law. In 1854, he moved to New York and was admitted to the bar. In 1856, he married Laura Clark of Hartford, moved to Davenport, Iowa, and opened a law office. With the aid of a

15 chaplain, a fifer, and a drummer, he raised the 13th Iowa, and was com­ missioned 1st Lieutenant and Adjutant, 2 November 1861. He was pro­ moted Captain and Assistant Adjutant of Volunteers, 6 March 1862. Clark fought at Shiloh, Corinth, Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Champion's Hill and Vicksburg. As Major, 24 Nove~nber 1862, and later as Lieutenant Colonel, he was General McPherson's Adjutant General. He was made a Brevet Brigadier General of Volunteers, 22 July 1864. Clark was an energetic and efficient officer. He became Chief of Staff to General Sherman and was made a Brigadier General of Vol­ unteers in May, 1865. He was ordered to Texas as Commander of the 3rd Division, 25th Corps. Promoted to Brevet Major General of Volun­ teers in November, 1865, he was mustered out, 1 February 1866. He then became a banker in Galveston, Texas, and served a term in Congress. General Clark played a prominent role in the post-war recon­ struction and was known as the last of the carpetbaggers. He died in 1905.

MAJOR GENERAL

DARIUS N. COUCH

Of Connecticut ancestry, Darius Nash Couch was born in 1822 in New York, whence his parents had moved from Redding, Connecticut. At West Point, where he roomed with "Stonewall" Jackson, Couch was graduated thirteenth out of fifty-nine in the class of 1846. He was as­ signed to the Artillery, served in the Seminole and Mexican Wars, and received a commendation for gallantry during the Battle of Buena Vista. Promoted to lst Lieutenant in 1847, he served at various stations in the east until 1855, when he resigned from the Army and went into business in New York and later in Massachusetts. On leave of absence in 1853, Couch explored in Mexico with an expedition from the Smith­ sonian Institute, and gained distinction as a naturalist. He re-entered the service as Colonel, 7th Massachusetts, on 15 June 1861, and a few

16 weeks later was appointed Brigadier General, United States Volunteers. He commanded the 1st Division, 4th Corps, in the Peninsula Campaign, performing distinguished service at the Battles of Fair Oaks and Malvern Hill. He was made Major General of Volunteers, 4 July 1862, and led his division at Antietam. He led the 2nd Corps at Fredericks­ burg and Chancellorsville, where he was second in command to General Hooker. Distrust of Hooker's capacity caused Couch to ask to be relieved, and he was made commander of the Department of the Susquehanna. During the Gettysburg Campaign he organized the Pennsylvania Militia. Going west late in 1864 he was given command of the 2nd Division, 23rd Corps, at the Battle of Nashville. Although wounded several times and never in robust health, Couch took part in the North Carolina Campaign, before retiring in May 1865. After the War he was United States Collector of the Port of Boston, and en­ gaged in business in Virginia. In 1876 he moved to Norwalk, Con­ necticut, and became Quartermaster General, State of Connecticut, serving until 1878. He also served as Adjutant General of the State from 1883 to 1884. General Couch died in Norwalk, 12 February 1897.

MAJOR GENERAL

ORRIS S. FERRY

Born in Bethel, Connecticut, Orris Sanford Ferry interrupted a promising political career to join the Union forces at the outset of the Civil War. A resident of Norwalk, he had already served as a Judge, a State Senator, and United States Representative (Republican) when, on 23 July 1861, he received his commission as Colonel of the 5th Connecticut. He served in the Shenandoah Valley campaign of 1862, fighting at Winchester, Cedar Mountain and in the Chantilly campaign. He was promoted to Brigadier General, U.S. Volunteers, on 17 March 1862. He was in command of the 2nd Division, 18th Corps, at St. Helena Island, South Carolina, from 6 January 1863 until March of that year, when he was given command of the 1st Division, lOth Corps, at Seabrook

17 Island, South Carolina. Later he led the 3rd Division, lOth Corps, Army of the ] ames. He was breveted Major General in recognition of his war service, 23 May 1865. On 15 June 1865 he resigned from the Army to resume his political career. He was elected to the U . S . Senate in 1866. He voted moderately until the impeachment proceedings against President ] ohnson were brought before the Senate. Ferry voted to remove the President from office, and subsequently wrote an opinion on the case. He continued to serve as United States Senator from Connecticut until his death in 1875.

MAJOR GENERAL

WILLIAM B. FRANKLIN

William. Buel Franklin was born in York, Pennsylvania, 22 Feb­ ruary 1823. His mother came from Litchfield, Connecticut. After grad­ uation from West Point, first in his class, he was assigned to the Engineering Corps and did survey work on the Great Lakes. He took part in the Battle of Buena Vista in the Mexican War. He was made a 1st Lieutenant in 1853, and a Captain in 1857. He superintended the construction of the Dome of the Capitol in Washington. 12 May 1861 he was made a Colonel of the 12th Infantry and soon after was promoted to Brigadier General of Volunteers. He had a brigade of raw recruits at the first battle of Bull Run. He was then made a Division Commander. In May of 1862 he was given command of the 6th Army Corps which he led in the Peninsula Campaign taking part in the battles of Yorktown, White Oak Ridge, Savage Station and Malvern Hill. He was promoted to Major General of Volunteers on 4 July 1862. He commanded the 6th Army Corps at Antietam. He commanded the Left Grand Division, consisting of the 1st and 6th Army Corps, at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Following this battle, General Burnside, then the Army Commander, asked his removal, charging Franklin was responsible for the Union defeat. Burnside's

18 charge was endorsed by the Congressional Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, which, however, did not have before it the text of Burnside's orders. President Lincoln did not approve Burnside's recom­ mendation for Franklin's removal, so Burnside resigned. In the summer of 1863 Franklin was sent to Louisiana to command the 19th Army Corps, which he reorganized and improved. He took part in the expedition to Sabine Pass, Texas, in September of 1863, where he was wounded; and in the unfortunate Red River expedition in the spring of 1864. On sick leave, because of his wound, the train on which he was traveling was captured by Confederate General E arly on 11 July 1864, near Washington, but Franklin escaped the next night. He saw no further field service. He was made a Brevet Major General in the Regular Army on 13 March 1865. He resigned in 1866, moved to Hartford, and became V ice President of Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Company, which position he held until 1888. He was President of the Commission building the new state capitol in Hartford from 1872 to 1873; engi­ n eer in its construction from 1873 to 1877; and superintendent of con­ struction from 1878 to 1880. He was Adjutant General of the State of Connecticut from 1877 to 1878, and a Presidential Elector for Samuel Tilden in 1876. He was also First Vice President of The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company from 1873 to 1903. General Grant recommended Franklin for command of the right­ wing of his army at Richmond; and later desired to have him replace General Butler as Commander of the Army of the James, but the War Department did not comply with these requests. His military ability was highly regarded by both Union and Confederate commanders. General Franklin died in Hartford on 8 March 1903.

19 MAJOR GENERAL

JOSEPH R. HAWLEY

Joseph Roswell Hawley was born in North Carolina, but early came to Hartford, Connecticut. A lawyer and active free-soiler, he was one of the Republican party organizers in Connecticut, and also editor of the Hartford Press. Commissioned Captain 1st Connecticut, 22 April 1861, he fought at 1st Bull Run and was mustered out 31 July 1861. He was named Lieutenant Colonel, 7th Connecticut, 17 September 1861, and participated in the siege of Fort Pulaski. As Colonel, 20 June 1862, he led his troops at James Island; Pocotaligo; and in the Florida Expedition. He was with his troops at Fort Wagner, Charleston, Morris Island and St. Helena. He commanded in the 1st District of Florida; at Olustee; at James River in Virginia; and at the battles of Newmarket, Drewry's Bluff, Deep Run and Darbytown Road , Virginia. He was at the siege of Petersburg. Named Brigadier General, United States Volunteers, 13 September 1864, he was sent to New York City with a picked brigade to keep order during the November elections. Later he commanded the 3rd Division, lOth Corps, in North Carolina under General A . H. Terry. He then commanded the District of Wilmington, North Carolina, until 1865. He next served as General Terry's Chief of Staff until mustered out in 1866 having been breveted Major General, United States Volunteers, 28 September 1865, for war service. In 1866-1867 he was Republican Governor of Connecticut and was president of his party's national convention the next year. He served as Congressman from the 1st Connecticut District for two terms, and as U. S. Senator from Connecticut from 1881 to 1905.

MAJOR GENERAL WILLIAM S. KETCHUM

Born in Norfolk, Connecticut, 7 July 1813, William Scott Ketchum was graduated thirty-third out of a class of thirty-six in 1834, United States Military Academy. After serving on the frontier and in th ~

20 Seminole War, he was promoted to Major, 4th United States Infantry. When the War began he was acting Inspector General for the Depart­ ment of Missouri. He was commissioned Lieutenant Colonel in the lOth United States Infantry, 1 November 1861. Ketchum was promoted to Brevet Colonel, 1 February 1863; Colonel of the 11th Infantry, 6 May 1864; and Brigadier General and Major General by brevet, 13 March 1865. He was in charge of Pennsylvania recruits at Harrisburg, and later served in the War and Quartermaster Departments. He was mustered out of the United States Volunteers in 1866 and continued in the Regular Army until 1870 when he retired. He was breveted for war service three times including one each as Brigadier and Major General. He died in Baltimore, Maryland, 18 June 1871.

MAJOR GENERAL

JOSEPH K. F. MANSFIELD

Joseph King Ferno Mansfield was born in New Haven, Connecticut, on 22 December 1803, but is usually identified as a citizen of Middle­ town, whence his family moved shortly after his birth. He entered West Point in 1822 and, after being graduated second in his class of forty, was assigned to the Engineers, where his duties included superintending the erection of such southern coastal defenses as Fortress Monroe and Fort Pulaski. During the Mexican War, as General Zachary Taylor's Chief Engineer, he constructed Fort Brown, which he later successfully defended against the Mexicans. Mansfield was wounded seven times while leading his troops at the Battle of Monterey; but performed fur­ ther service in placing the artillery at the battle of Buena Vista. In 1853 he was promoted to Colonel and Inspector General by Jefferson Davis, then Secretary of War. In April 1861 he commanded the Department of Washington and, breveted Brigadier General, United States Army, 6 May 1861, was promoted to that full rank a few days later. At this

21 time Mansfield was responsible for building all the forts around Washington. Appointed Major General, United States Volunteers, 18 July 1862, he first served at Fortress Monroe; next led a division at Suffolk, Virginia; and later the 12th Corps, Army of the Potomac. In September of 1862 he was mortally wounded at the battle of Antietam while leading his men, and died the next day. His remains are interred in Indian Hill Cemetery at Middletown.

MAJOR GENERAL

JOHN A. MOWER

John Anthony Mower was born in Vermont, but 111.0ved to New London, Connecticut, after being educated at Norwich University. Mower's distinguished military record began when he joined the Engi­ neers as a private and fought in the Mexican War. In 1855, having decided to make soldiering his career, he joined the Regular Army as an officer. He was promoted to Captain in the 1st United States Infantry, 9 September 1861; and commissioned Colonel, 11th Missouri V olun­ teers, 3 May 1862. Mower commanded the 2nd Regiment, 2nd Division, Army of Mississippi, 9 August 1862, at Corinth, where he was wounded, captured and recaptured. He was promoted Brigadier General, United States Volunteers, 29 November 1862, and led 2nd Brigade, 8th Divi­ sion, 16th Corps, Army of the Tennessee. During the Vicksburg Cam­ paign and later, he commanded 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division, 15th Corps. Then he-led the 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, 16th Corps. In the Red River Campaign of 1864 he commanded the 1st Division, detached Army of the Tennessee. He commanded the 17th Corps during the March to the Sea with General Sherman and through the Carolinas. He was promoted Major General, United States Volunteers, 12 August 1864. Continuing in the Regular Army and breveted for services at Farmington, Iuka and Jackson, Mississippi; Fort de Russy and Sal­

22 kehatchie River, Georgia, Mower was made Major General in the regular army. He commanded the District of Louisianna at the time of his death 6 January 1870. He was an officer of bravery and ability.

MAJOR GENERAL JAMES W. RIPLEY

James Wolfe Ripley was born in Windham, Connecticut, 12 De­ cember 1794. He was graduated twelfth out of thirty from United States Military Academy, class of 1814. Assigned to the Artillery he fought in the Seminole War, and then served as Arsenal and Armory Superintendent. He was named Brigadier General, United Sates Army, and Chief of Ordnance, 3 August 1861. He was a hot-tempered and vigorous opponent of many improvements, notably breech loading rifles in general and in particular the Spencer seven shooter rifle and carbine. After much controversy, Ripley resigned at the request of President Lincoln and Secretary of War Stanton in 1863. He was brev­ eted Major General, United States Army, in 1865. He died in Hartford, 16 March 1870.

MAJOR GENERAL

JOHN SEDGWICK

John Sedgwick was born in Cornwall, Connecticut, in 1813, and after being graduated twenty-fourth out of fifty from the United States Military Academy, class of 1837, he was appointed Second Lieu­ tenant of artillery. He served in the Seminole War, and in the Mexican War, where he received two brevets for gallantry. He was in Kansas during the Border disturbances; a member of the Utah Expedition under Albert Sidney Johnson; and took part in Indian fighting before the Civil War. He was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel of the famous 2nd U. S. Cavalry and soon after was made Colonel of the 1st Cavalry.

23 He succeeded Robert E . Lee as Colonel of the 4th Regular Cavalry. At the outbreak of the Civil War, Colonel Sedgwick commanded the 2nd Brigade of Heintzelman's Division and later a Division of the Army of the Potomac, guarding Washington. After a tour of duty as acting Inspector General he was promoted to Brigadier General, United States Volunteers. During the Peninsula Campaign of 1862 he com­ manded the 2nd Division, 2nd Corps and took part in the battles of Yorktown, Fair Oaks, Peach Orchard, Savage Station and Glendale. Later he fought at Antietam, where he was wounded. Appointed Major General of Volunteers, 4 July 1862, he commanded first the 2nd Corps, and later the 6th Corps, which he led at the Battles of Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Rappahannock Station and the Mine Run Operation. He was heavily engaged in the Wilderness Campaign in May 1864 and was killed by a sharpshooter at Spotsylvania while on a reconnaissance directing the placement of artillery. General Sedgwick (fondly known as Uncle John) was greatly loved by h is men although a strict discipli­ narian and highly efficient corps leader. Statues to his memory are to be found at Gettysburg and West Point. The latter has a prominent po­ sition in front of the Commandant's Quarters. Tradition at the Academy has it that a cadet in danger of being "found deficient" in his studies will pass his final examinations if he sneaks out after taps and twirls the rowels of Sedgwick's spurs.

MAJOR GENERAL ALEXANDER SHALER

Born in Haddam, Connecticut, in 1827, Alexander Shaler moved to New York in 1845 where he joined the Militia as a private. He was a good student of military tactics, and rose through the various grades to that of Major in 1860. In 1861 he was commissioned Lieutenant Colonel, of the 65th New York Infantry and assigned to the Army of the Potomac. In 1862 he was made a Colonel. He commanded the 1st Regiment, 3rd Brigade of the 6th Corps, taking part in the battles of the Peninsula Campaign. He fought at Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Get­ tysburg. He was promoted to Brigadier General of Volunteers, 26 May 1863. The following winter he commanded Johnson's Island (Ohio) Prison Camp. He returned to the Army of the Potomac early in 1864 and took part in the Wilderness Campaign where he was captured by the Confederates, and remained a prisoner until late in 1864, when he was exchanged. Given the 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division of the 19th Corps, he served in the Gulf Campaign of 1864. Later he commanded the 2nd Division of the 7th Corps in Arkansas. He was mustered out 24 August 1865. For his war services he was made a Brevet Major General of Vol­ unteers. In 1893, he was awarded the Medal of Honor for bravery at Marye's Heights at Fredericksburg in December, 1862.

24 Returning to civilian life he was a New York City Fire Commis­ sioner and consultant to the Chicago Fire Department. He also had a contracting business.

MAJOR GENERAL

ALFRED HOWE TERRY

Alfred Howe Terry was a native of New Haven, Connecticut, born in 1827. After attending Yale, he practiced law until 7 May 1861 when he was commissioned Colonel of the 2nd Connecticut. He was in com­ mand of this regiment at 1st Bull Run and until rhe regiment was mustered out, 7 August 1861. On 17 September 1861 he was commis­ sioned Colonel of the 7th Connecticut which he led in the Port Royal Expedition in South Carolina; at Fort Pulaski, Georgia; and then at Secessionville. Terry was commissioned Brigadier General, United States Volunteers, after Fort Pulaski; and in April 1862 commanded the Union forces at Hilton Head and at Pocotaligo Bridge. During the siege of Battery Wagner he commanded the 1st Division; and later fought at Morris Island. He succeeded in capturing Fort Fisher in January, 1865, after General Butler had failed in h is attempt in December, 1864. This closed the Port of Wilmington to the Confederate blockade runners. In 1865 he commanded the lOth Corps in Sherman's Carolina Campaign. Continuing in the Regular Army, in June 1865, he was breveted for war service Major Gen­ eral, United States Volunteers, retroactive from 26 August 1864. He was appointed Brigadier General, United States Army, 15 January 1865; and was one of fifteen in the Army to receive the formal thanks of Congress, winning it for his magnificent action at Fort Fisher where he commanded all the Union troops. Later he was promoted to Major General. U. S. Army, and with this rank, retired in 1888. Before retirement Terry held commands in the west and participated in Indian fighting. He served on several Indian treaty boards;

25 and was a member of the commissiOn that reviewed the General Fitz­ John Porter case in 1878. He magnanimously offered to waive his pending promotion to Major General to allow this honor to go to Porter, when Porter was returned to the Army, to atone for the great wrong done him in 1862 when he had been cashiered in a political move to whitewash General Pope. But Porter asked to be retired after being reinstated, and Terry became the only Civil War officer from civilian Life to become a Major General in the Regular Army.

MAJOR GENERAL

JOSEPH G. TOTTEN

Joseph G. Totten was born in New London, Connecticut, in 1788. He attended the United States Military Academy where he was graduated in 1805 in a class of three cadets. He fought in the War of 1812 and ser­ ved on various engineering details. In the Mexican War he was General Scott's Chief Engineer, and was breveted Brigadier General, United States Army, in 1847. After having been made Colonel in the Regular Army in 1838 he continued in the Corps of Engineers, being promoted to Brigadier General, United States Army, 3 March 1863. He was breveted Major General, 21 April 1864, and died on duty the next day. Fort Totten on Long Island is named after him.

26 MAJOR GENERAL

ROBERT 0. TYLER

Robert Ogden Tyler was born in New York, but early became a resident of Hartford, and received his appointment to the United States Military Academy from Connecticut. In 1853 he was graduated twenty-second out of a dass of fifty-two. His first duty was with the Artillery, and then the Quartermaster's Department. He served on the frontier in Indian fighting; on exploration expeditions; Army of the Potomac from May until August 1861; and then was commis­ sioned Colonel 1st Connecticut Artillery, 29 August 1861. He was in charge of the siege batteries at Yorktown, the largest guns ever used in the field to that time. He fought at Hanover Court House, Gaines Mill, and Malvern Hill. Promoted Brigadier General, United States Volunteers, 29 November 1862, he was in charge of the Artillery in the Districts of Alexandria and of Washington, and of the defenses of Washington, Alexandria, and the Potomac. He fought at Fredericks­ burg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, commanding the Artillery Re­ serve of the Army of the Potomac. In 1864 he commanded King's Division, 22nd Corps, in and around Washington and the Heavy Artil­ lery Division of that Corps. He commanded the 4th Brigade, 2nd Division, 2nd Corps, Army of the Potomac, from 7 May 1864 until June 1864 at Spotsylvania, North Anna, Totopotomy, and Cold Harbor, where he was severely wounded through the ankle, an injury from which he never fully recovered. He was placed on sick leave; then served on Boards and Investigating Committees for the remainder of the War. For his service at Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Spotsylvania, and Cold Harbor, he was breveted Brigadier General, United States Army, 1 August 1864. He was given the brevet rank of Major General, United States Army, for war services the same year. He remained in the Reg­ ular Army and died on active duty in 1874.

27 MAJOR GENERAL

HORATIO G. WRIGHT

Horatio Gouveneur Wright was born in Orange, Connecticut, and later lived in Clinton. He was graduated from United States Military Academy, second in the class of 1841, and then taught French and Engi­ neering at the Academy. He supervised harbor fortifications and improvements before being named Major in August 1861. He had been Chief Engineer on the expedition to destroy the Norfolk Navy Yard where he was captured, but was shordy afterward released. He was volunteer Aide-de-Camp to General Heintzelman when that officer crossed the Potomac and took possession of Arlington Heights, op­ posite Washington. Wright was Chief Engineer at the First Battle of Bull Run, and held the same post in the organization of the Port Royal Expedition. A s Brigadier G eneral, United States Volunteers, 14 Sep­ tember 1861, he commanded the 3rd Brigade, South Carolina Expe­ dition, at Hilton Head. After leading the 1st Division during the fight­ ing in Florida and at Secessionville, South Carolina, on 16 June 1862, he was promoted to Major General, United States Volunteers, 18 July 1862. Later he commanded the District of West Kentucky, part of the Department of Ohio, until March 1863 . He led the 1st Division, 6th Corps, Army of the Potomac at Gettysburg, Rappahannock Station and during the Mine Run Operation. He then served on a board to revise the sea coast fortifications until 23 May 1864, when he took com­ mand of the 6th Corps, Army of the Potomac at Spotsylvania after General Sedgwick was killed. He led it at Spotsylvania, where he was wounded; at North Anna; Totopotomy; Cold Harbor; the Petersburg operations; and at Snicker's Gap. He and his 6th Corps were detached from the Petersburg operations in July 1864, and hurried to defend Washington, then being threatened by General Early's Confederate forces. Wright's appearance caused Early to withdraw. He was soon afterward assigned to General Sheridan's Army in the Shenandoah

28 Valley and with the 6th Corps (then rated the best in the east}, took part in the battles of Fisher's Hill, Opequon Creek and Cedar Creek. Returning to the Army of the Potomac late in 1864, he continued in the operation around Petersburg. In the pursuit of Lee's Army, he again combined with Sheridan's forces at Sayler's Creek and Appomattox. Continuing in the Regular Army, he was breveted Brigadier General, U.S. Army, for Rappahannock Station, Spotsylvania and Cold Harbor; and Major General for Petersburg. He retired in 1884 as Brigadier General and Chief of Engineers. He was an outstanding officer, ranking with the best as a Corps Commander. Wright and Sheridan, between whom existed the greatest respect and regard, are buried side by side in Arlington Cemetery in front of General Lee's ancestral home.

MAJOR GENERAL ALPHEUS S. WILLIAMS

Born in Saybrook, Connecticut, 10 September 1810, Alpheus Starkey Williams was graduated from Yale in 1831. He travelled exten­ sively in Europe and the United States, then studied law. Moving to Detroit, Michigan, he entered upon the practice of his profession, be­ came a judge and a newspaper publisher. He served in the Mexican War as a Lieutenant Colonel of Michigan Volunteers. When the Civil War broke out, he again offered his services and was commissioned Brigadier General, U. S. Volunteers, 17 May 1861, and ordered to the Army of the Potomac. In the spring of 1862, he led a division in Bank's Army of the Shenandoah, exhibiting skill and courage in hand­ ling his troops. With the Army of the Potomac again he commanded the 1st Division of the 12th Corps at the battles of South Mountain, Antietam and Gettysburg. Transferred to the Army of the Cumberland in September, 1863, he took part in General Sherman's Atlanta Cam­ paign, the March to the Sea, and the Carolinas Campaign, participating in several battles. He commanded the 20th Corps on the March to the Sea, and was made Brevet Major General of Volunteers, 12 January 1865. He was called " Old Pap" by the troops. He served in Kentucky and Arkansas in 1866, and was then mustered out. He became U . S. Minister to Salvador, and later a Democratic Congressman from Mich­ igan, dying in office, 20 December 1878.

BRIGADIER GENERAL EDWIN B. BABBITT

Edwin Burr Babbitt, born in Connecticut in 1802, was graduated from the United States Military Academy twenty-eighth out of forty-one, class of 1826. His appointment to the Academy was from Indiana. After serving in the Infantry he was transferred to the Quartermasters De­ partment. He took part in Indian fighting, the Seminole War, and the Mexican War, where he was breveted. He was Chief Quartermaster of the Department of Oregon 1860-1861; and then of the Department of

29 the Pacific until 29 July 1866. He was promoted Major, 10 May 1861; Lieutenant Colonel, 3 August 1861; and breveted Brigadier General, United States Army, 13 March 1865. General Babbitt retired on 29 July 1866, but continued to serve as Chief Quartermaster of the Depart­ ment of the Columbia until 1867; and had charge of the clothing department of the Pacific division until 1869. He died at Fortress Monroe, Virginia, 12 December 1881.

BRIGADIER GENERAL ERASTUS BLAKESLEE

On 26 October 1861, Erastus Blakeslee of Plymouth, Connecticut, was named 1st Lieutenant and Adjutant of the 1st Connecticut Cavalry. He was promoted to Captain, 28 March 1862; Major, 18 December 1863; Lieutenant Colonel, 31 May 1864; Colonel, 6 June 1864, and Brevet Brigadier General, United States Volunteers, 13 March 1865. He was mustered out, 26 October 1864. The First Connecticut Cavalry took part in more engagements than any other Connecticut regiment. Blakeslee served at the Battles of Cedar Mountain, Groveton, 2nd Manassas, Todd's Tavern, Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Yellow Tavern, Hanover Court House, and Ashland, where he was wounded. A busi­ ness man and inventor, he also served as Congregational Minister, and was prominent in religious education.

BRIGADIER GENERAL LUTHER P. BRADLEY

Luther Prentice Bradley, a native of New Haven, Connecticut, went to Illinois and was named Lieutenant Colonel of the 51st Illinois, 6 November 1861. He fought at Island No. 10, New Madrid, Farmington, and Nashville. Promoted to Colonel, October 1862, he fought at Stone's River and Chicamauga, where he was wounded. As Brigadier General, United States Volunteers, 30 July 1864, he led 3rd Brigade, 2nd Divi­ sion, 4th Corps, Army of the Cumberland, during Sherman's Atlanta campaign. He was wounded again at the battle of Franklin. He remained in the Regular Arn1.y until he retired in 1886 as Colonel of the 13th United States Infantry.

BRIGADIER GENERAL JOHN A. BURNHAM

John A. Burnham of Harford, Connecticut, was mustered into service as adjutant of the 16th Connecticut, 24 August 1862. He was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, 26 December 1862, at Suffolk, Virginia. After a gallant refusal to surrender his regiment until the Union held Fort William had succumbed, Burnham wa.s captured, 20 April 1864, at Plymouth, North Carolina. He was held prisoner until his parole on

30 30 November 1864. He was mustered out, 27 June 1865, having been promoted to Brigadier General by brevet to date from 13 March 1865. During his service with the 16th Connecticut, Burnham fought at Fred­ ericksburg, Antietam, Edenton Road, Providence Church Road, and Plymouth, North Carolina. In April of 1865 the 16th Connecticut was chosen as personal escort to General Grant on the occasion of his visit to General Sherman at Raleigh, North Carolina, where Sherman's forces were confronted by the Confederate Army under General Johnston.

BRIGADIER GENERAL HENRY B. CARRINGTON

Born in Wallingford, Connecticut, 2 March 1824, Henry Beebe Carrington was educated at Yale; taught school; and then moved to Columbus, Ohio, where he practiced law, and assisted in the organiza­ tion of the Republican party. A friend of Governor Chase, he organized the State Militia in 1857 and performed the task so well that Ohio was able to send nine militia regiments across the river to assist the Loyal­ ists in the western part of Virginia. He was named Colonel of the 18th United States Infantry, 14 May 1861, and put in charge of a regular Army camp in Ohio. He became Chief Mustering Officer in Indiana in 1862. He was promoted to Brigadier General, United States Vol­ unteers, 29 November 1862, and was active in exposing and trying the "Sons of Liberty" and other disloyal groups. His conduct of military courts was criticized, and later overruled by the Supreme Court, but at the time he was upheld by President Lincoln and by popular sentiment. He was mustered out of the United States Volunteers, 24 August 1865, and rejoined the 18th U. S. Infantry. He commanded at Fort Kearney, Nebraska. In 1866 he opened a road through Indian country to Montana. After service in Colorado, he retired because of wounds and exposure, 11 December 1870. He then became a pro­ fessor of military science at Wabash College until 1873. He published several books dealing with life on the plains and the American Revolution.

BRIGADIER GENERAL JAMES B. COlT

James Bolles Coit, of Norwich, Connecticut, enlisted as a private in Company B in the 2nd Connecticut and fought at the first battle of Bull Run, where he held the rank of Sergeant Major. The reg­ iment was mustered out, 20 August 1861. He was made 1st Lieuten­ ant in the 14th Connecticut; Captain, 1 May 1863; Major, 11 October 1863. On 13 March 1865 he was made a Brevet Lieutenant Colonel, Brevet Colonel, and Brevet Brigadier General, United States Volun­ teers. He resigned, 6 September 1864, after being severely wounded at Petersburg. He fought in the Battles of Bull Run, Antietam, Freder­ icksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Spotsylvania, Wilderness and Cold Harbor. He was wounded six times: at Antietam; Gettysburg;

31 Morton's Ford; the Wilderness; Deep Bottom; and Petersburg. His rise from a private to Brigadier General is a testimonial to his valor and ability.

BRIGADIER GENERAL JOHN B. DENNIS A resident of Norwich, Connecticut, John Benjamin Dennis was one of the first of the volunteers to enter the Union forces when he joined the 6th Massachusetts Infantry, 16 April 1861. He was promoted to Captain in that regiment in August, 1861. On 5 September 1861, he received a commission as Captain of the 7th Connecticut. On 2 June 1864, Captain Dennis was captured at Bermuda Hundred, and sent to prison in Columbia, South Carolina. He ecaped in November, 1864, and rejoined the Union forces. In February, 1865, he was promoted to Lieu­ tenant Colonel, and a month later was awarded the rank of Brevet Brigadier General, U. S. Volunteers, for bravery at Morris Island. In the course of his military service, Dennis also took part in engagements at Fort Pulaski, Georgia; Fort Wagner, South Carolina; and Fort Fisher, North Carolina. General Dennis was discharged from the Army 31 July 1865.

BRIGADIER GENERAL ARTHUR H. DUTTON Arthur Henry Dutton, a resident of Wallingford, Connecticut, was graduated from United States Military Academy third out of thirty-four, in the class of 1861. Appointed to the Engineers' Corps he was breveted 2nd Lieutenant of Engineers, 24 June 1861 ; 2nd Lieuten­ ant, 3 August 1861; 1st Lieutenant, 3 March 1863; Captain, 2 October 1863; Colonel of the 21st Connecticut Infantry, 5 September 1863; and Brevet Brigadier General, United States Volunteers, 16 May 1864. He died 5 June 1864 from wounds received 26 May 1864 at Bermuda Hundred, Virginia. He received his Brevet for gallantry at Fredericks­ burg, Suffolk and Bermuda Hundred. He served on the staff of General Mansfield and later was Chief of Staff for Generals Peck and W . F. Smith.

BRIGADIER GENERAL THEODORE G. ELLIS Theodore Gunville Ellis of Hartford, Connecticut, was appointed 1st Lieutenant and Adjutant of the 14th Connecticut, 23 August 1862; Major, 4 April 1863; Lieutenant Colonel, 22 September 1863; Colonel, 2 October 1863; and Brevet Brigadier General, United States Vol­ unteers, for war service. He commanded 3rd Regiment, 2nd Brigade, 2nd Corps, Army of Potomac. His regiment captured five battle flags in a bayonet charge at Gettysburg. He took part in the battles of Antie­ tam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, the Wilderness, Spot­ sylvania, and Peterburg. After the War he was a civil engineer in railroad and mining operations, publishing a number of papers on engineering.

32 BRIGADIER GENERAL WILLIAM G. ELY William Grosveunor Ely of Norwich, Connecticut, was appointed Lieutenant Colonel in the 6th Connecticut Infantry on 13 September 1861; was made Colonel of the 18th Connecticut on 22 August 1862; and Brevet Brigadier General, United States Volunteers, 12 March 1865. He commanded 2nd Brigade, 1st Infantry Division, Army of West Virginia. Captured, 13 June 1863 at Winchester, he escaped from Libby Prison in Richmond with 108 others through a tunnel dug under the street. Four days later he was recaptured, but was exchanged in time to participate in the Battle of Piedmont. Assigned to command the 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division of General Crook's Corps, he fought at Lynchburg, where he was wounded; Berryville; Opequon Creek; Cedar Creek; and Snicker's Ford. He was mustered out 27 June 1865.

BRIGADIER GENERAL ELLSWORTH D. S. GOODYEAR

Ellsworth D. S. Goodyear, a resident of North Haven, Connecticut, enlisted 31 August 1861; was appointed Captain, 1Oth Connecticut, 22 October 1861; Major, 12 October 1864; Lieutenant Colonel, 17 February 1865. Goodyear was severely wounded on 2 April 1865, during the attack on Fort Gregg, Virginia. When the fort had surrendered, the lOth Reg­ iment's Connecticut flag was the first on the parapet, a tattered tribute to the eight officers and one hundred and eighteen men of the lOth who were killed or wounded during the attack. For his war service and bravery at Fort Gregg, Goodyear was breveted Brigadier General, United States Volunteers, 2 April 1865. He fought in seventeen engage­ ments, from Roanoke Island to Appomattox Courthouse, including New Bern, North Carolina; Charleston Siege, South Carolina; and in Virginia at Drewry's Bluff. Bermuda Hundred, Deep Bottom, Peters­ burg and Fort Gregg.

BRIGADIER GENERAL EDWIN S. GREELEY

Edwin S. Greeley, of New Haven, Connecticut, had an outstanding career in the Union forces. He enlisted, 31 August 1861; was commis­ sioned Lieutenant in the lOth Connecticut Volunteers, 22 October 1861; promoted to Captain, 25 April 1862; Major, 4 March 1863; Lieutenant Colonel, 7 September 1864; and Colonel, 16 February 1865. In the fall of 1864 he took command of the lOth Regiment, succeeding Colonel Otis. 13 March 1865, he was breveted Brigadier General, United States Volunteers, in recognition of his war service, and became commander of the 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, 24th Corps. He fought in seventeen engagements from Roanoke Island to Appomattox Courthouse, including New Bern, North Carolina; Charleston Siege, South Carolina; and in Virginia at Drewry's Bluff, Bermuda Hundred, Deep Bottom, Peters­ burg and Fort Gregg.

33 BRIGADIER GENERAL EDWARD HARLAND

Edward Harland, a native of Norwich, Connecticut, was graduated from Yale and became a lawyer. Appointed Colonel of the 8th Con­ necticut, 5 October 1861, he was with General Burnside's North Caro­ lina Expedition in 1861-62. He then commanded 2nd Regiment, 3rd Division, 9th Corps, at the battles of South Mountain, Antietam and Fredericksburg in 1862. He led the 2nd Regiment, Znd Division, 7th Corps, at the siege of Suffolk; and Getty's Division at Norfolk and Portsmouth, and the defenses of New Bern. Named Brigadier General, United States Volunteers, 29 November 1862, he resigned 22 June 1865. He was later a state legislator and president of a savings bank.

BRIGADIER GENERAL JAMES HUBBARD

James Hubbard of Salisbury, Connecticut, was commissioned Captain of the 2nd Connecticut Artillery, 11 September 1862; Major, 6 February 1864; Lieutenant Colonel, 6 June 1864; Colonel, 25 January 1865; Brevet Brigadier General, United States Volunteers, 6 April 1865. He fought at Hanover Court House, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek and Sayler's Creek. He com­ manded the 2nd Brigade in the 2Znd Corps in the defenses south of the Potomac. He died in 1866.

BRIGADIER GENERAL BRAYTON IVES

Brayton Ives was a resident of East Haven, Connecticut. He was commissioned 1st Lieutenant and Adjutant of the 5th Connecticut on 23 July 1861; Captain, 25 September 1861, and Assistant Adjutant General, United States Volunteers, 28 April 1862. He resigned 5 August 1863. On 31 May 1864, he was appointed Major of the 1st Connecticut Cavalry; on 1 November, Lieutenant Colonel; 17 January 1865, Colonel; and on 13 March 1865, Brevet Brigadier General. He fought at Cedar Mountain, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Ream's Station, Winchester, Opequon Creek, Cedar Creek, Five Forks and Sayler's Creek. At Ap­ pomattox he was in command of his regiment, which acted as escort to General Grant when he received Lee's surrender. After the War he be­ came president of the New York Stock Exchange and was a noted col­ lector of rare, antique books, including a Gutenberg Bible.

BRIGADIER GENERAL GUSTAVUS LOOMIS

Born in li89 in Vermont, Gustavus Loomis was graduated from West Point in 1811, and was assigned to the Infantry. He fought in the War of 1812, and took part in various Indian Campaigns in Texas

34 and Florida. He was promoted to Major in 1838; Lieutenant Colonel in 1840, serving in the Mexican War in this rank; and to Colonel in 1851. He served in the Seminole War 1856-1858, commanding the Florida District 1857-1858. He was Colonel of the 5th U.S. Infantry when the Civil War broke out, and was assigned to recruiting duty in Connecticut and Rhode Island. He retired, 1 June 1863, but continued to serve on various boards and commissions. He was given the brevet rank of Brig­ adier General for his war services in 1865. He took up his residence in Stratford, Connecticut, where he died in 1872.

BRIGADIER GENERAL

NATHANIEL LYON

Nathaniel Lyon was born in that part of Ashford, Connecticut, which is now called Eastford. He was graduated from United States Military Academy eleventh out of fifty-two in the class of 1841. Assigned to the Infantry, he fought in the Seminole War, Mexican War, in the Indian fighting in the west and in "Bleeding Kansas" where he received one brevet and one wound. His experience in Kansas shaped the political views of the fiery little redhead and he became a prolific writer, advocating Lincoln and the Republican Party. Serving as a captain of the 2nd United States Infantry at the St. Louis Arsenal in early 1861, he and F. P. Blair, Jr., collaborated to safeguard Union property and interests from the sizeable disloyal element in Missiouri. Together they worked out and executed the strategy that saved the weapons in the arsenal, and dispersed the Confederate force that was assembling at nearby Camp Jackson. Together they succeeded in eliminating Lyon's inactive superior General W. S. Harney from the scene. With Blair's influence, Lyon was appointed Brigadier General of United States Vol­ unteers. He then undertook military operations in southwest Missouri, defeating a Confederate force at Boonsville, 17 June 1861. He attacked a

35 greatly superior force of Confederates at Wilson's Creek, 10 August 1861, where he was killed while leading his troops. Lyon became the North's first military hero and the first Northern General to be killed. His funeral at Ashford was attended by a great number of people, es­ timated at 10,00 to 15,000, including many notables.

BRIGADIER GENERAL FREDERICK MYERS

Appointed to the U. S Military Academy from Connecticut, Frederick Myers was graduated forty-fourth out of fifty-nine in the class of 1846. Assigned to the Infantry and the Quartermasters' Corps, he fought in the Mexican War and on the frontier before organizing the Ohio Volunteers in April 1862. Named Major and Aide-de-camp, 23 May 1862, he was Chief Quartermaster of the department of the Rap­ pahannock and the 3rd Corps in the Peninsula Campaign. He was pro­ moted Lieutenant Colonel, 15 July 1862; served as Deputy Chief Quartermaster of the Army of the Potomac until April 1863; then became Chief Quartermaster of the Department of the Northwest, a post which he held for the rest of the war. Continuing in the Regular Army, he received a promotion to Brevet Brigadier General on 13 March 1865. He died on active duty with the United States Army in 1874.

BRIGADIER GENERAL WILLIAM H. NOBLE

William H. Noble, educated at Yale and a resident of Bridgeport, Connecticut, was commissioned Colonel in the 17th Connecticut, 22 July 1862. Just before the disastrous battle at Chancellorsville, Noble was severely wounded while rallying his men against a surprise enemy attack. When the news of Gettysburg reached him, Noble cut his furlough short and rode for 36 hours in an attempt to rejoin his regiment in the fighting. In this he was disappointed, for he arrived on the afternoon of the last day and Lee's forces had been repulsed before he again took command of the 17th. Sent to Morris Island, South Carolina, in August of 1863, Noble was placed in command of a brigade. In April, 1864, he was as­ signed to command the post at St. Augustine, supported by the 17th Connecticut Infantry and other forces. He was captured by the enemy 24 December 1864, and remained a prisoner of war at Andersonville and other prisons until his release in April 1865 when he rejoined his bri­ gade at St. Augustine. At the end of the War Colonel Noble received the brevet rank of Brigadier General, U. S. Volunteers. He fought at Morris Island, South Carolina; Fort Wagner, South Carolina; Welake, Florida; and Saunders, Florida. He died in 1894.

36 BRIGADIER GENERAL JOHN L. OTIS

On 30 September 1861, John L. Otis, aged 33, a manufacturer of Manchester, Connecticut, was mustered into the lOth Connecticut Reg­ iment, as 2nd Lieutenant. He was made 1st Lieutenant, 4 December 1861; Captain, 9 December 1861; Major, 29 March 1862; and 18 February 1863 he was promoted to Colonel. He fought with distinction in a number of engagements and won particular recognition for his valiant service in front of Petersburg. He took part in the Battles of Roanoke Island, North Carolina; Kingston, North Carolina, where he was wounded; New Bern, North Carolina, where he was again wounded; Fort Wayne, South Carolina; siege of Charleston, South Carolina; and in Virginia at Bermuda Hundred, Drewry's Bluff, Deep Bottom, Fort Harrison, Petersburg, Hatcher's Run, Fort Gregg and Appomattox. On 13 March 1865 he was named Brevet Brigadier General, United States Volunteers.

BRIGADIER GENERAL FRANK H. PECK

Frank Henry Peck was born in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1836 and was graduated from Yale in the class of 1856. When war broke out he was studying law. He was appointed Major in the 12th Connect­ icut, 12 February 1862, and was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, 31 January 1863. He took part in the battles of Georgia Landing, Louisiana, and Port Hudson, Louisiana, where he was wounded. Transferred with the 19th Corps to General Sheridan's Army in the Shenandoah Valley, on 19 September 1864 he received a mortal wound at the battle of Win­ chester and died the same day. He was given a field promotion to Brevet Brigadier General in recognition of his services in that battle. His last thoughts were for his family, and his final words were, "Tell them I die cheerfully in the performance of my duty at the front."

BRIGADIER GENERAL JAMES A. PERRY

James Alexander Perry, born in New London, Connecticut, 11 De­ cember 1828, was graduated thirteenth out of a class of forty-two from the United States Military Academy, class of 1851. He taught mathe­ matics at the Academy from 1852-1857. Being assigned to the Artillery he served in the Seminole War, and was later stationed at Fort Pickens, Florida, until 18 June 1861. Promoted Captain and Assistant Quarter­ master, he was in charge of the Bureau of Clothing and Equipage in the Quartermaster General's office in Washington for the remainder of the War. He was named Lieutenant Colonel, United StatesVolunteers, 20 April 1862; Colonel, United States Volunteers, 2 August 1864; breveted Brigadier General United States Army on 13 March 1865 for war services. Perry continued in the Regular Army until his retirement in 1892, as a Lieutenant Colonel.

37 BRIGADIER GENERAL WILLIAM S. PIERSON

William Seward Pierson was born in Durham, Connecticut, 28 March 1815. His parents moved to Windsor, Connecticut, soon after­ ward. He studied law at Yale and was admitted to the Bar at Hartford in 1838. He practiced law in New York City until poor health caused him to retire. Moving to Sandusky, Ohio, in 1853, he was elected mayor in 1861. He was appointed Major of the Battalion acting as guard of the Confederate officers held prisoners on Johnson's Island. Promoted by successive steps, he became a Brevet Brigadier General of Volunteers. In 1864 he resigned and moved to Windsor, Connecticut, where he died in 1879.

BRIGADIER GENERAL SAMUEL H. ROBERTS

Samuel Henry Roberts, a resident of New Haven, Connecticut, received a commission as Lieutenant Colonel in the !39th New York Regitnent on 9 September 1862; was appointed Colonel on 25 August 1863; and was awarded the rank of Brevet Brigadier General, U. S. Volunteers, on 28 October 1864. He served at Suffolk and Portsmouth as Commander of 1st Brigade, Getty's Division; and also held commands in the 23rd and 24th Corps during the course of his service. He died in 1890.

BRIGADIER GENERAL ALFRED P. ROCKWELL

Alfred Perkins Rockwell of Norwich, Connecticut, was appointed Captain of the 1st Connecticut Light Battery on 20 January 1862; made Colonel of the 6th Connecticut Infantry 18 June 1864; and pro­ moted Brevet Brigadier General, United States Volunteers, during the Campaign of 1864 of the Army of the Potomac. With the Connecticut Light Battery he took part in the battles of Pocataligo and James Island, South Carolina; and Fort Finnegan, Florida. With the 6th Connecticut Infantry, he fought at Fort Fisher, North Carolina; and in Virginia at Chapin's Farm, Laurel Hill and Petersburg.

BRIGADIER GENERAL SAMUEL ROSS

Samuel Ross was a native of Hartford, Connecticut. He joined the Regular Army as an enlisted man, and was breveted 2nd Lieuten­ ant serving in that rank from 1837-1848. He was promoted to Captain in the 14th United States Infantry, 14 May 1861; Colonel, 20th Con­ necticut, 8 September 1862; and Brevet Brigadier General, United States Volunteers, 13 April 1865. With the Army of the Potomac he was at the battles of Chancellorsville, where he was wounded, and Gettys­ burg. Transferred to the Army of the Cumberland in September 1863,

38 he took part in Sherman's Atlanta Campaign, his regiment being the first to enter Atlanta; March to the Sea; and the Carolinas Campaign. He fought at Resaca, Cassville, Peach Tree Creek, Silver Run, Benton­ ville and Raleigh. He remained in the Regular Army until he retired in 1875. He was drowned in 1880. His career in the Army was indeed distinguished, as indicated by his rise from a private to Brigadier General.

BRIGADIER GENERAL GRIFFIN A. STEDMAN

A Hartford, Connecticut, lawyer, Griffin Alexander Stedman, Jr., was appointed Captain of the 5th Connecticut, 22 July 1861. In a short 14 months he had attained the rank of Colonel, having been transferred to the 11th Connecticut with the rank of Major on 27 November 1861; promoted to full Colonel, 25 September 1862. He fought with the 11th Connecticut at New Bern, North Carolina; and in Virginia, at South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Suffolk, Drewry's Bluff, Cold Harbor, and Petersburg. He was wounded at Antietam and mortally wounded at Petersburg after the mine explosion. He died the same day. H is appointment as a Brevet Brigadier General was not made final until the day after his death. Fort Stedman bears his name as a lasting tribute to this valiant Union officer. His remains are interred in a beautiful tomb in Cedar Hill Cemetery, Hartford.

BRIGADIER GENERAL HENRY D. TERRY Henry Dwight Terry was born in Hartford, Connecticut, on 16 March 1812. His family moved to Detroit, Michigan, where he became a lawyer on 10 June 1861, Terry gave up his law practice and was com­ missioned Colonel of the 5th Michigan Infantry. He was assigned to the Army of the Potomac, where he served throughout the Civil War. He was promoted to Brigadier General of Volunteers, 17 July 1862. He led a brigade of the 7th Corps at Suffolk; later the 1st Brigade, 1st Divi­ sion, until 1863. He then went to the 6th Corps, led by General Sedgwick and later General Wright, both of Connecticut, in which he commanded the 3rd Division. He fought at Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, Winchester, Cedar Creek and Petersburg. He resigned from the Army, 7 January 1865, and practiced law in Washington, District of Columbia, until his death in June, 1869.

BRIGADIER GENERAL JOHN E. TOURTELLOTTE John Eaton Tourtellotte was born in Thompson, Connecticut. Going west he enlisted as a private in Company H, 4th Minnesota, 12 September 1861. He was made Captain of the 4th Minnesota 13 December 1861; and Lieutenant Colonel, 1 September 1862. Later he

39 was promoted to a Colonelcy and then was breveted Brigadier General, United States Volunteers, for his war service. He took part in the Vicks­ burg siege in 1863. In 1864 he was with Sherman's Army in the Atlanta Campaign. After the Battle of Atlanta he was given the command of two regiments guarding Allatoona, Georgia. There he and his men fought valiantly to repulse a Confederate attack, and during this battle he was wounded. He fought in the several battles connected with Sherman's March. Continuing in the Regular Army after the war, he served as aide-de-camp to General Sherman. He retired in 1885 as a Major, United States Army, and died in 1891.

BRIGADIER GENERAL DANIEL TYLER

Daniel Tyler of Norwich, Connecticut, was born in 1799. He was graduated from the United States Military Academy fourteenth of a class of twenty-nine in 1819 and entered the Artillery. After serving on gar­ rison and ordnance duty, he was sent to France on professional duty and translated "Maneuvers of Artillery". Resigning in 1834, he was variously a civil engineer, president of railroads, and on the United States Military Academy Board of Visitors. He was commissioned Colonel of the 1st Connecticut, 23 April 1861; and Brigadier General Connecticut Volunteers, 10 May 1861, commanding the 1st Division at Blackburn's Ford and 1st Bull Run. This division was made up of 1st, Znd and 3rd Connecticut Regiments and other units. It was the first on the fields and the last to leave. His troops repulsed Confeder­ ate attacks on Union regiments which were withdrawing. Mustered out 11 August 1861, he was named Brigadier G eneral, United States Vol­ unteers, 13 March 1862, and commanded the Znd Brigade, 1st Division, Army of Mississippi, from May until July 1862 at the siege of Corinth. He then commanded the District of Delaware and the Middle Depart­ ment from 3 July 1863 until 6 April 1864 when he resigned. After the War he engaged in the iron smelting business in Alabama.

BRIGADIER GENERAL ADOLPH W. A. F. VON STEINWEHR

Baron Adolph August Frederick Von Steinwehr was born tn Germany in 1822. Educated in the Brunswick Military Academy, he was commissioned Lieutenant in the Prussian Army. At the time of the Mexican War he came to America to offer his services in that con­ flict. He did not obtain a commission in our Army, but he did find and wed an American girl, and he himself became an American citizen. He went back to Prussia, resigned his commission, and returned to the United States, settling on a farm near Wallingford, Connecticut. He remained there until the outbreak of the Civil War, when he again offered his services to the government. This time they were accepted and he was made Colonel of the 29th New York Infantry, (known as

40 the Astor Rifles), an all German regiment. His troops were in reserve at the first Battle of Bull Run. Promoted to Brigadier General, United States Volunteers, 12 October 1861, he was given command of the 2nd Brigade in Blenker's Division, Army of the Potomac, from No­ vember 1861 to March 1862. He comn>anded a division in the 11 th Corps under General Howard at the Battles of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. In the fall of 1863 he was transferred with Howard's troops to the Army of the Cumberland, taking part in the Battle of Missionary Ridge. Granted a leave of absence in November 1863, he returned to duty in March 1864. In April, the 11th and 12th Corps were consol­ idated into the new 20th Corps under General Hooker. General Thomas recommended Von Steinwehr for a command in the new corps, but Hooker desired to choose his own officers. Von Steinwehr was then assigned to command the 3rd Brigade, 1st Division of the 14th Corps under General Palmer, but apparently declined to accept the demotion from a division to a brigade commander and saw no further active service. He resigned from the Army, 3 July 1865. He became Professor of Military Science at Yale University for a time, then moved to Ohio where he published several geographies.

BRIGADIER GENERAL HENRY C. WARD

A native of Hartford, Connecticut, Henry Clark Ward entered the service as a 1st Sergeant, Company A, 25th Connecticut, 2 September 1862. On 11 November, he was appointed. 1st Lieutenant; and Adjutant, 20 January 1863. He served in Louisiana in three battles and was mustered out, 26 August 1863. He re-entered the service on 16 January 1864 with the rank of Captain, 29th Connecticut, a colored regiment. 01"1 24 March 1864, he was promoted to Major; and on 21 July 1864, here­ ceived a commission as Lieutenant Colonel; 6 November 1864, Colonel of the 30th Connecticut which became part of the 31st United States Colored Infantry. While serving with the 29th and the 31st he was in the Army of the Potomac and took part in the battles of Petersburg, Chapin's Farm and the pursuit of Lee. He was breveted Brigadier Gener­ al, U.S. Volunteers, on 29 November 1865, in recognition of his war ser­ vice. After Appomattox, he commanded the 3rd Regiment, 2nd Division, 25th Corps in Virginia and Texas.

BRIGADIER GENERAL HENRY W. WESSELS

Henry Walton Wessels of Litchfield, Connecticut, was graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1833, twenty-ninth out of a class of forty-three. Appointed to the Infantry, he served in the Seminole War and the Mexican War, in which he was wounded. On frontier duty

41 he was promoted Major of the 6th United States Infantry. On 6 June 1861, he was named Colonel of the 8th Kansas, and led this regiment until February 1862, when he came east to fight at Yorktown and Fair Oaks in the Peninsula Campaign. He was wounded in action at Harrison's Landing. Promoted Brigadier General, United States Volunteers, 25 April 1862, he commanded the 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, 4th Corps. He led Wessel's Brigade at Suffolk; and the 1st Division, 7th Corps, in North Carolina, at Kingston, Goldsboro and New Bern. He commanded the 4th Division, 18th Corps in the District of Albermarle, North Car­ olina. He was later Commissary of Prisons and commanded the Draft Rendezvous at Hart's Island, New York. Breveted Brigadier General, United States Army, for service at Fair Oaks and Plymouth, he con­ tinued in the Regular Army, serving in the west until he retired in 1871.

BRIGADIER GENERAL EDWARD W. WHITAKER

Edward Washburn Whitaker of Ashford, Connecticut, rose from a Sergeant in Company D , 2nd New York Cavalry, to Captain of the 1st Connecticut Cavalry on 23 April 1864; was promoted to Major, 1 October 1864; to Lieutenant Colonel, 17 January 1865; and was later named a Brevet Brigadier General, U . S. Volunteers, in recognition of his war service. The 1st Connecticut Cavalry served with the Army of the Potomac, but in the late summer of 1864 was under General Sheridan in the Shenendoah Valley Campaign. Whitaker fought at Ream's Station, Todd's Tavern, Yellow Tavern, Wilderness, Petersburg, Opequon, Cedar Creek, Fisher's Hill, Five Forks, Sayler's Creek and Ap­ pomattox. His Jst Connecticut Cavalry regiment was chosen to be General Grant's escort at Lee's surrender. On 2 .April 1898, he was awarded the Medal of Honor for bravery at Ream's Station, Virginia, 25 August 1864.

BRIGADIER GENERAL HENRY M. WHITTELSEY

Born in Hartford, Connecticut, 12 August 1822, Henry Martin Whittelsey, studied law at Yale and was admitted to the bar in 1845. He moved to Detroit, Michigan, in 1854. In the Civil War, he became a Captain in the Quartermaster Corps; was promoted to Colonel; and then to Brevet Brigadier General of Volunteers in the Quartermaster Corps on 3 May 1865. He was Chief Quartermaster, Army of Georgia, in 1865; and of the Department of the Mississippi in 1866. Mustered out, 17 July 1867, he became Chief Quartermaster of the Freedman's Bureau until 1870. He was then appointed comptroller of the city of Washington, serving until his death, 10 August 1873.

42 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Adjutants' General "Record of Service of Connecticut Men in the Army and Navy of the United States During the War of the Rebdlion"; Croffut and Morris "History of Connecticut During the War of 1861­ 1865"; Osborn's "History of Connecticut"; Dictionary of American Biography; Appleton's "Cyclopedia of American Biography"; National Cyclopedia of American Biography; Grant's Memoirs; Sheridan's Mem­ oirs; Sherman's Memoirs; various Connecticut regimental histories; general works on the Civil War; Genealogies; Yale Obituary Records; Encyclopedia Americana; Encyclopaedia Britannica; Boatner's "Civil War Dictionary"; Dupuys' "The Compact History of the Civil War"; Phisterer's "Statistical Record"; Pratt's "A Short History of the Civil War"; "Battles and Leaders of the Civil War"; Mitchell's "Decisive Battles of the Civil War"; Leslie's "Famous Leaders and Battle Scenes. of the Civil War"; Powell's "List of Officers of the Army of the United States"; General Cullum's "Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy" ; Yamann's "Per­ sonnel of the Civil War".

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