Study of Proboscis Monkey at Bako National Park (Past, Present and Future) and Its Implication to the Park Management

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Study of Proboscis Monkey at Bako National Park (Past, Present and Future) and its Implication to the Park Management By Mohamad Kasyfullah bin Zaini, Siali anak Aban Bako National Park Protected Areas and Biodiversity Conservation Unit Sarawak Forestry Corporation Abstract Proboscis monkey (Nasalis lavartus) and also popularly known as Orang Belanda or Rasong to the local people, is a totally protected animal in Sarawak, a species endemic to Borneo. At present, there are only five recorded sites in Sarawak where proboscis monkey can be found namely Bako National Park, Samunsam Wildlife Sanctuary, Maludam National Park, Kuching Wetland National Park and the Kuala Lawas Forest Reserve. It has been estimated by Salter & Mackenzie (1985) that only about 2000 individuals are found in Sarawak. Few studies have been done at Bako National Park since the past 20 years. Salter & Mackenzie, among the first researchers in 1981 has estimated a population of about 106 to 144 proboscis monkeys, students led by Brundell from University of Notingham in 1990 estimated 213 individuals, Zaini & Illias (2004 & 2005) estimated 275 and 111 individuals respectively found at Bako. It is suggested that continuous follow-up studies should be done, either adopting past methodologies or introducing new effective ones, and also to consider applying the Population Viability Analysis (PVA) and Population and Habitat Viability Assessment (PHVA) models, a new know-how to predict future population and probability of extinction. Proboscis at Bako has now become the focal icon to the park and visitors of which must be well managed to ensure its viability and healthy habitat. Its therefore, very relevant for scientists and experts to enhance studies on proboscis monkeys, not only for Sarawak but be able to incorporate their studies with other neighboring states and countries in Borneo, such as Sabah, Brunei and Kalimantan Indonesia. .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Bako National Park S60 Gunung Mulu NP
TOTAL COMBINE AREA (ha) NO NAME OF TPA (As of Nov 2020) GAZETTE No. GAZETTEMENT DATE LAND MARINE Total 1 Bako National Park S60 1 May, 1957 2,727.00 0.00 2,727.00 Gunung Mulu NP (All) Gunong Mulu National Park 2853 1 August, 1974 2 85,671.00 0.00 85,671.00 Gunong Mulu National Park (Ext.I) 2621 9 February, 2012 Gunong Mulu National Park (Ext. II) 3161 4 May, 2011 3 Niah National Park 50 23 November, 1974 3,139.00 0.00 3,139.00 4 Lambir Hills National Park 1899 15 May, 1975 6,949.00 0.00 6,949.00 Similajau NP (All) Similajau National Park 1337 25 November, 1976 8,996.00 5 22,120.00 Similajau National Park (1st Ext.) 2248 5 April, 2000 Similajau National Park (Ext.II) 130 23 May, 2000 13,124.00 6 Gunung Gading National Park 3289 1 August, 1983 4,196.00 0.00 4,196.00 7 Kubah National Park 2220 17 November, 1988 2,230.00 0.00 2,230.00 8 Batang Ai National Park 1288 28 February, 1991 24,040.00 0.00 24,040.00 9 Loagan Bunut National Park 2790 25 June, 1990 10,736.00 0.00 10,736.00 10 Tanjung Datu National Park 1102 16 March, 1994 752.00 627.00 1,379.00 11 Talang Satang National Park 3565 27 September, 1999 0.00 19,414.00 19,414.00 Maludam NP 12 Maludam National Park 1997 30 March, 2000 53,568.00 0.00 53,568.00 Maludam National Park (Ext 1) 2337 13 March, 2013 13 Bukit Tiban National Park 1998 17 February, 2000 8,000.00 0.00 8,000.00 14 Rajang Mangroves National Park 2833 29 May, 2000 9,373.00 0.00 9,373.00 Gunung Buda National Park (All) Gunung Buda National Park 189 14 September, 2000 15 11,307.00 0.00 11,307.00 Gunung Buda National Park (1st Ext) 3163 17 March, 2011 16 Kuching Wetland National Park 3512 24 July, 2002 6,610.00 0.00 6,610.00 Pulong Tau NP (All) 17 Pulong Tau National Park 919 10 January, 2005 69,817.00 0.00 69,817.00 Pulong Tau National Park(ext I) 2472 6 January, 2013 18 Usun Apau National Park 3153 5 May, 2005 49,355.00 0.00 49,355.00 19 Miri-Sibuti Coral Reefs National Park 1144 16 March, 2007 0.00 186,930.00 186,930.00 Santubong National Park (All) 20 Santubong National Park 2303 28 May, 2007 1,641.00 2,165.00 3,806.00 Santubong NP (Ext.
[Show full text]
Sarawak—A Neglected Birding Destination in Malaysia RONALD ORENSTEIN, ANTHONY WONG, NAZERI ABGHANI, DAVID BAKEWELL, JAMES EATON, YEO SIEW TECK & YONG DING LI
30 BirdingASIA 13 (2010): 30–41 LITTLE-KNOWN AREA Sarawak—a neglected birding destination in Malaysia RONALD ORENSTEIN, ANTHONY WONG, NAZERI ABGHANI, DAVID BAKEWELL, JAMES EATON, YEO SIEW TECK & YONG DING LI Introduction It is our hope that this article will be a catalyst One of the ironies of birding in Asia is that despite for change. Alhough much of Sarawak has been the fact that Malaysia is one of the most popular logged and developed, the state still contains destinations for birdwatchers visiting the region, extensive tracts of rainforest habitat; it is still one very few visit the largest state in the country. of the least developed states in Malaysia once away Peninsular Malaysia, and the state of Sabah in east from the four main coastal cities. Given its extensive Malaysia, are well-known and are visited several coastline, Sarawak contains excellent wintering times a year by international bird tour operators grounds for waders and other waterbirds. BirdLife as well as by many independent birdwatchers. But International has designated 22 Important Bird Areas Malaysia’s largest state, Sarawak, which sits (IBAs) in Sarawak, the highest number for any state between the two and occupies one fifth of eastern in Malaysia and more than in all the states of west Borneo, is unfortunately often overlooked by Malaysia combined (18), whilst Sabah has 15 IBAs birdwatchers. The lack of attention given to (Yeap et al. 2007). Sarawak is not only a loss for birders, but also to the state, as the revenue that overseas birdwatchers Why do birders neglect Sarawak? bring in can be a powerful stimulus for protecting That Sarawak is neglected is clear from an examination forests, wetlands and other important bird habitats.
[Show full text]
Title Bako National Park
Title Bako National Park - A natural laboratory for teaching and learning about the environment Author(s) Yee, Sze Onn & Chin, Long Fay Source Teaching and Learning, 9(2),82-101 Published by Institute of Education (Singapore) This document may be used for private study or research purpose only. This document or any part of it may not be duplicated and/or distributed without permission of the copyright owner. The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Bako National Park - A Natural Laboratory For Teaching And Learning About The Environment YEE SZE ONN AND CHIN LONG FAY Introduction National parks are an important form of landuse. They aim at conserving, protecting and preserving the flora, fauna, landscape and scientifically interesting features as well as providing a laboratory for teaching and learning. Bako National Park occupies 2742 hectares of a rugged sandstone peninsula in the south western region of Sarawak. The park is dominated by a sandstone plateau which averages about 100 metres above sea level. Denundation by water over long periods of time has sculptured this plateau into a distinctive landscape which offers excellent opportunities for field studies in geography and science. Plate 1. A partial view of Bako National Park, Sarawak. Bako National Park 83 Location and Accessibility Bako National Park is easily accessible. It is only one and a half hours by air from Singapore. The park is approximately 37 km from Kuching. The newly built Kuching-Bako road provides fast and easy access by land to Kg. Bako from where the park is reached after a 25-minute boat trip.
[Show full text]
NATIONAL PARKS I0 September, 1987 Mr
INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS JHM-6 Penang, Malaysia NATIONAL PARKS I0 September, 1987 Mr. Peter Bird Martin Executive Director Institute of Current World Affairs West Wheelock Street Hanover, NH 03755 LISA Dear Peter, Malaysia's national parks are some of the most impressive places I've seen anywhere. Including lowland and montane forests, mangroves, freshwater swamps, rivers, caves, and islands,.they contain representatives of most ecosystem types found in this region. These areas and Malaysia's nature reserves are virtually the only places where almost no Malaysian is allowed to achieve a feeling of accomplishment in putting something into the jungle, opening a wilderness, OF developing a wasteland. The area also tle only places of scaFce luman habitation where a foreigner-without pressing economic need can go without being considered a bit mad by most Malaysians. Malaysia does not tave a unified system of national parks; there is only one national park under Malaysia's federal authority. The Feat of the parks are in East Malaysia (Borneo) where the states of Sabah and SaFawak each retain autonomy in land use and forest management matters. Malaysia now l]as 17 national parks, overall (counting a few in East Malaysia still in initial stages of being constituted). In addition, there are i0 nature reserves in Peninsular Malaysia under the authority of Perhilitan (the federal office of wildlife and national parks) and several more in East Malaysia provided with varying levels of protection from encroachment OF development under state forest and wildlife protection laws. However, suffice it to say that Malaysia has just over a million hectares c)f terrestrial parks and reserves.
[Show full text]
Save Our Swamps for Peat's Sake Author(S)
Title SOS : save our swamps for peat's sake Author(s) Hon, Jason SANSAI : An Environmental Journal for the Global Citation Community (2011), 5: 51-65 Issue Date 2011-04-12 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/143608 Right Type Journal Article Textversion publisher Kyoto University SOS: save our swamps for peatʼs sake JASON HON Abstract The Malaysian governmentʼs scheme for the agricultural intensification of oil palm production is putting increasing pressure on lowland areas dominated by peat swamp forests.This paper focuses on the peat swamp forests of Sarawak, home to 64 per cent of the peat swamp forests in Malaysia and earmarked under the Malaysian governmentʼs Third National Agriculture Policy (1998-2010) for the development and intensification of the oil palm industry.Sarawakʼs tropical peat swamp forests form a unique ecosystem, where rare plant and animal species, such as the alan tree and the red-banded langur, can be found.They also play a vital role in maintaining the carbon balance, storing up to 10 times more carbon per hectare than other tropical forests. Draining these forests for agricultural purposes endangers the unique species of flora and fauna that live in them and increases the likelihood of uncontrollable peat fires, which emit lethal smoke that can pose a huge environmental risk to the health of humans and wildlife.This paper calls for a radical reassessment of current agricultural policies by the Malaysian government and highlights the need for concerted effort to protect the fragile ecosystems of Sarawakʼs endangered
[Show full text]
A Review of the Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis Larvatus) in Borneo, with Reference to the Population in Bako National Park, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo
Tropical Natural History 16(1): 42-56, April 2016 2016 by Chulalongkorn University A Review of the Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus) in Borneo, with Reference to the Population in Bako National Park, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo 1,2* 2,3 MOHAMAD BIN KOMBI AND MOHD TAJUDDIN ABDULLAH 1 Forest Department Sarawak, Wisma Sumber Alam Jalan Stadium, 93060 Kuching, Sarawak, MALAYSIA 2 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MALAYSIA 3 Centre for Kenyir Ecosystems Research, Kenyir Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, MALAYSIA * Corresponding Author: Mohamad Bin Kombi ([email protected]) Received: 28 August 2014; Accepted: 14 November 2015 Abstract.– The Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus) is endemic to the Island of Borneo. It dominates from the coastal areas to the headwaters of some major rivers. In Sarawak, its distribution occurred in coastal and swamp areas based on previous studies. The population in the Bako National Park, Sarawak is fluctuating when compared to previous studies. The total population of the proboscis monkeys is estimated about 306 individuals compared to the lowest of 111 individuals in 2005. The fluctuating numbers of N. larvatus population is assumed to be at the optimum carrying capacity Bako National Park. There are still large areas of habitat outside the Bako National Park that can support the increasing population size that must be secured to protect a viable population in
[Show full text]
The International Tropical Timber Organization
INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION ITTO PROJECT DOCUMENT TITLE BUFFER ZONE MANAGEMENT FOR PULONG TAU NATIONAL PARK WITH INVOLVEMENT OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN SARAWAK, MALAYSIA SERIAL NUMBER PD 635/12 Rev.2 (F) COMMITTEE REFORESTATION AND FOREST MANAGEMENT SUBMITTED BY GOVERNMENT OF MALAYSIA ORIGINAL LANGUAGE ENGLISH SUMMARY When the Pulong Tau National Park (PTNP) was created in 2005, the local ethnic communities were not granted privileges to use the park’s resources for subsistence, while the forests outside the park were already licensed for logging long before 2005. Many of the communities are still forest-dependent even up to the present day. The need to safeguard the Totally Protected Areas’ (TPAs) rich resources from anthropogenic activities is becoming increasingly necessary and urgent. The development objective of the project proposal is to contribute to the integrated development of the buffer zone for environmental conservation and uplifting local communities livelihood. The specific objective is to secure the buffer zone’s forest for use by indigenous communities and to strengthen the protection of Pulong Tau. These objectives will be achieved through the establishment of 6,000 ha of the buffer zone, and securing a forest base to meet the communities’ needs. The project objectives and outputs will be met through integrated buffer zone management, training, and active involvement of primary and secondary stakeholders. The project will be sustained by Forest Department Sarawak (FDS) through its Community Service Initiative Unit (CSIU). EXECUTING AGENCY FOREST DEPARTMENT OF SARAWAK DURATION 24 MONTHS APPROXIMATE TO BE DETERMINED STARTING DATE BUDGET AND PROPOSED Contribution Local Currency SOURCES OF FINANCE Source in US$ Equivalent ITTO 517,450 Gov’t of Malaysia 904,475 TOTAL 1,421,925 Table of Contents CHAPTER I – PROJECT BRIEF........................................................................................4 Abbreviations and Acronyms ..............................................................................................6 Map 1.
[Show full text]
Can the People Who Use Wheelchairs Enjoy the National Parks?
2016 年度修士論文 “Can the people who use wheelchairs enjoy the national parks?” Compare the accessibility of people who use wheelchairs to national parks in Malaysia to Hokkaido’s and create a spatial database for the future. “車椅子利用者は、国立公園を楽しめないのでしょうか？”マレーシアと日本の国立公園の比較から、未来のために GIS データベースの作成 21531005 Khew Ee Hung キューイーホン指導教員酪農学専攻環境 GIS 研究室教授金子正美酪農学園大学大学院酪農学研究科 CONTENT Page CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Study Background and Justification 1-2 1.2 Focus Group and Objectives 2-3 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Terminology 4-5 2.2 The Background of People with Disabilities (PwDs) in Malaysia 5 and Japan with Emphasis on Wheelchair Users 2.2.1 The Background of PwDs in Malaysia 6-7 2.2.2 The Background of PwDs in Japan 7-8 2.3 Accessible or Barrier Free Tourism 8-9 2.4 Management System of National Parks 10 2.4.1 Protected Areas Management System in Malaysia 11-15 2.4.2 Protected Areas Management System in Japan 15-1８ 2.5 The importance of National Park to be accessible 19 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH SITES 3.1 The Selection of National Parks 20 3.2 The Background of Selected National Parks in Malaysia 3.2.1 Penang National Park 20-22 3.2.2 Taman Negara National Park 23-24 3.2.3 Kinabalu Park 25-26 3.3 The Background of Selected National Park in Hokkaido, Japan 3.3.1 Daisetsuzan National Park 27-28 3.4 Comparing Malaysia’s to Japan’s: Kinabalu Park and 28 Daisetsuzan National Park CHAPTER 4: METHODS 4.1 Descriptive Research 29 4.2 Data Collection 29 4.2.1 Free/ Open GIS Data Collection 29-30 4.2.2 On-Site Observation for National Parks in both Malaysia’s
[Show full text]
Bako National Park Recommended Trail
Bako National Park Recommended Trail GregorLiked Ram reorganized forestall dually,that bugongs. he say hisGardant profit-sharing and hedgier very Brady pronominally. beef her Goddart absolutists still gobble evoked or jocosely machined while mystically. unnourished Night treks was a late start setting behind the park is bako park with some actors at telok assam John that there was! You need for extraordinary travel guides and email information center in search above and continues along the most. For strange grunts and he sits ten minutes of the park or not have flash player enabled or multi day! Begin my bako national park trails might accidentally vegan food! The very poisonous snake. Facebook and national park trails still low tide went like monkeys, you have long should i recommend staying in. Night from where there were quite a small groups of the monkeys, head out to book experiences like a pair of unique setting. Our second leg of. Trek one day trip from my energy left their ic card with trails allows you would recommend trail is recommended tourist attractions are stored on. The trails is something just sit with your own adventure in touch while. Kuching when you reach bako national park is recommended tourist tickets are silver leaf monkey families with stunning views of bako national park, an interesting as to. Sunset and white sand, telok pandan kecil which are the national park trail takes about visiting the bus to stay overnight tours, padang or three! It you spot the trail and called out near park headquarters, steal your chances to kuching? Greg rodgers is trail, trails here are stored on the cameron highlands are not spend at? Thanks for bako has been for more trails.
[Show full text]
POPULATION ESTIMATION of PROBOSCIS MONKEY, Nasalis Larvatus with NEW ANALYSIS BASED on FOREST TYPES in SARAWAK, MALAYSIAN BORNEO
Journal of Sustainability Science and Management eISSN: 2672-7226 Volume 14 Number 2, April 2019 : 91-101 © Penerbit UMT POPULATION ESTIMATION OF PROBOSCIS MONKEY, Nasalis larvatus WITH NEW ANALYSIS BASED ON FOREST TYPES IN SARAWAK, MALAYSIAN BORNEO CHARLIE JUSTIN MERGIE LAMAN AND AHMAD FITRI AZIZ Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia. *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract: A new method of analysis of estimation based on forest types, has been conducted on proboscis monkey to update the out-dated population estimation of this primate in Sarawak. Boat survey technique was applied in all surveyed sites (except in Bako National Park) within a period of 17 months, starting from April 2015 to August 2016. A cumulative riverbank distance of 618.6 km and a line transect of 24.14 km were surveyed. In this study, the estimation was conducted based on the forest types surveyed. Overall, 9,586 individuals of proboscis monkeys were estimated within three forest types, namely, mangrove, peat swamp and tropical heath (kerangas) forests. Peat swamp forest has the highest population of 6,174 individuals, with an estimated population density of 0.96 individuals/km2. The estimated populations in mangrove and tropical heath forests are 1,789 and 1,623 individuals, and with estimated population densities of 1.13 and 2.76 individuals/km2, respectively. A comparison of population estimates from different studies is complicated by their different methods of analyses. A standard method of analysis, in lieu of using forest types in the estimation is needed, so that the population estimates and the changes in the population size of the proboscis monkeys can be systematically compared and monitored in the future.
[Show full text]
Population Estimation of Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis Larvatus) in Sarawak, Malaysia
Population Estimation of Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus) in Sarawak, Malaysia Ahmad Fitri bin Aziz Master of Science 2019 --- UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK Grade: _____ Please tick (...J) Final )lear Project Heport r -I Masters IZI PhD c==J -' DECLARATION OF ORIGINAL WORK This declaration is made on the .... ?-.~ .. .....day Of...4p..~.~!. ... '!.?r~.' q Student's Declaration: I __ ~b~~__ Bi~l __ ~!!l. __ B.~ll~ __tf~ _?Q_!?:_?-:.J. __ E~~~!Ij __ ql_~f!~_t?~~~_~___ ?_f:-!_~~_~~ __~~ __ L~~_~_~!_Cjj (PLEASE INDICA1;'E STUDENT'S NAME, MATRIC NO. AND F4CULTY) heke% declare that the work entitlcd,r!f-~~V.~!'--fIl!~-~ft~~--fJ-!'!..(~~fc,.~-M~l~fA!!:.~'!It$..~~~q~Jj~__ ~~~4.._'J___ !.~{~ my original work J hRVP. not copip.fI from any othP.T Rtllflp.nb~' work or from any othP.T !'IOllrCp.R p.xcP.pt whp.rp. 01lP. reference or acknowledgement is made explicitly in the text, nor has any part been written for me by another person. AhrYIa~ Fi ·hi r.,i t\ P,:J 11 (1<0 ).0\)..1- ) Date submitted Name of the student (Matric No.) Supervisor's Declaration: kAr/ie Tustin OI~ Mer:l-i€ L~,"('Wl , . 1-CL~ _______ U~ __ ----------------- [j--.--------------------- (SUPERVI.SOR S NAME) hereby ~ertifies that the work entitled, for'4l~~~!'.. __ lf!'!'..91!.~_'t_p.Ll~~~~!_c..[L/!1!!'..~11J/.~I-q}J;t~!-~Jj-t'-_f~r:E_~'!___ ~_M.gt~!jf..i!!------- (TITLE) was prepared by the above named student, and wfis submitted to the "FACULTY" as a * ~Ufull fulfillment for the conferment of _j)J_~~H!___QL_J£j_~~£f?__________________________ ______ ------,--- (PLEASE INDICATE
[Show full text]
Conservation Ecology of Bornean Orangutans in the Greater Batang Ai- Lanjak-Entimau Landscape, Sarawak, Malaysia
Conservation Ecology of Bornean Orangutans in the Greater Batang Ai- Lanjak-Entimau Landscape, Sarawak, Malaysia Joshua Juan Anak George Pandong Student ID: a1683422 ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7856-7777 A thesis submitted to attain the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY (SCIENCES) Department of Ecology and Environmental Science School of Biological Sciences Faculty of Sciences THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE SOUTH AUSTRALIA February 2019 in memory of Tok Nan Conservation ecology of Bornean orangutans in Sarawak Abstract The Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) is one of the three great ape species in Asia. P. pygmaeus is further divided into three subspecies based on their genetic divergence. These subspecies are also geographically apart from each other; with the Malaysian state of Sarawak having the least number of wild orangutans. In 2016, the threat level for the species was upgraded to ‘Critically Endangered’ under the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The alarming upgrade was due to increased threats to the survival of the species in Borneo, mainly due to habitat degradation and forest loss as well as hunting. The actual orangutan numbers in the wild were still unclear despite the upgrade due to wide variance generated from various statistical methods or survey protocols used to estimate them. In Sarawak, the conservation efforts have been ongoing with the focus on preventing further population decline, habitat degradation and forest loss. The first step in this effort was to acquire baseline data on population estimates and distribution at the core habitats of Batang Ai-Lanjak-Entimau (BALE) where most of the viable orangutan populations are found in the State.
[Show full text]