Can Rafart De Vilassar De Dalt. History and Architecture
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ENGINYERIA D’EDIFICACIÓ PROJECTE FINAL DE GRAU CAN RAFART DE VILASSAR DE DALT. HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE PROJECTISTA: JORDI ROVIRA MASIQUES DIRECTOR: BENET MECA ACOSTA CONVOCATÒRIA: OCTUBRE 2012 SUMARY 1. MEMORY 1.1 HISTORICAL STUDY 2 1.1.1 HISTORY OF VILASSAR DE DALT 2 1.1.2 SINGULAR BUILDINGS AND SITES 5 1.1.3 HISTORY OF CAN RAFART 10 Can Rafart de Vilassar de Dalt. History and Architecture 2 1.1 HISTORICAL STUDY From down. IV some villas adopt Christian worship and give rise to the first chapels. From the s. III-IV. BC. the villas of the coastal plain of Iluro were abandoned and the population 1.1.1 HISTORY OF VILASSAR DE DALT slowly went inside the valleys. This process lasted for the IV-IX centuries B. C. The origins of Vilassar During the Neolithic period (6000 - 4500 BC)., the first inhabitants were hunters and gatherers who became dependent on agriculture and livestock, living in the shelter of caves, although they were capable of building constructions made of mud, straw and stones. During the Medium Neolithic period (3000 - 2500 BC). the site of Rocs de'n Sardinyà situated the town located in the plains and the coast. In the Chalcolithic period (2000 BC) settlements left the coast and the plain to stand in the mountains. In this period dominated labor and commodity exchange (knifes, torches ...) On the other hand, the construction of funerary monuments, archaeological sites of this period are Cova Roman ovens d’en Peu, la Cova d’en Joan I la Roca d’en Toni. Around the year 1200 BC. weapons and everyday objects are constructed in bronze. After a short period of Muslim rule, the conquest in 801 by Louis the Pious in Barcelona, Maresme becomes part of the Marca Hispanica. In 700 BC. further changes happened: iron replaces bronze and the dead are cremated and the ashes deposited in funerary urns. In 978 in a Premià document property, is quoted for the first time the name of Vilassar. From V and VI centuries BC. develops a civilization with own characteristics (writing, language, Member of the classic peasant struggle for liberation manor. currency ...). Iberian civilization existed in villages politically independent. The source of richness of The territory of Old Catalonia structured in a network of castles and military control exercised these villages was the mountain. jurisdiction often contradicted the rights of independent farmers and church institutions. In the II and I centuries BC. come the Romans, militiamen set on the coast. The Iberians, leave The jurisdiction was made by feudal lords who paid tributes to others. their villages and adapt to the cultural patterns of the colonizers. Since the end of XI century people from St. Vincent begin to act like first gentlemen of Vilassar (the opposite of feudal). In 1352 the lineage of Mr..St. Vincent extinct without direct male descendants. The testamentary, to satisfy all creditors of the family sold all the castles and jurisdictions that St. Vincent had managed with marrieds with a ladies of the great houses of Vallès. Following the sale of the land Vilassar happen to be under the control of the clerk and bourgeois Pere des Bosc. Dolmen de la Roca d’en Toni The Romans develope new cities as Barcino and Tarraco (Tarragona and Barcelona) but also occupy ancient Iberian settlements as Bautelo (Badalona) and Iluro (Mataró). Maresme was crossed from north to south along the Via Augusta. Vilassar de Dalt Castle Can Rafart de Vilassar de Dalt. History and Architecture 3 Throughout the century XV some families of peasants headed the movement against the The Tridentine Counter gentlemen, which was the fundamental sacramental (covenant made between the territories to defend each other), which became the instrument armed against aristocratic power. During the period of the counter Tridentine there were many changes in the parish and local experiences of religiosity: construction of the chapel of St. Sebastian (1570), Reforming the chapel of San Salvador (1580), creation of the guild Roser (1584), founding of the brotherhood of The privileges of the Crown and reintegration municipally government Santíssim (1525) creation of the brotherhood of the Sang de Crist (1623), extension of the church and building places for exorcisms (1,598), construction of the bell tower next north of the nave From the year 1436, Argentona and Vilassar jurisdictions become governed by the mayor or chief (1607), construction of a new chapel (1615), and the arrival of the relics of the Sants Màrtirs (1623) magistrate of Barcelona, not for the Governor of Catalonia. miracle of the Rain (1627) building of the chapel of the Sants Màrtirs (1625-1632); vote of the town of 1,654. After the Catalan Civil War the King John II granted the castles and jurisdictions of Vilassar, Burriac and Mataró to the knight Pere Joan Ferrer. The parish became the main source of funding for the local community. In 1480, the trustees of Mataró, Argentona, Cabrera, Vilassar and Premia obtain from King Ferran the Catòlic a privilege establishing the return of royal heritage jurisdictions, and granted the status of "Calle Barcelona" in their parishes, which were recorded in universities. The university formed the heads of the house of the castle and church, his basic bodies were the mayor, jurors and members. The ownership of the castle remained in the hands of Sarriera family definitely, Marquis of Barbera and Manresana, the current owners. Chapel of Sant Sebastià Parish Church Century. XVII mercantile bourgeoisie emerges from the coast. Due to the economic crisis of 1627- 1632 period and discomfort by the use of Castilian troops adopt an attitude in favor of the Archduke Carles of Austria against Felip de Borbó during the War of Succession. Vilassar, place of residence of the family of Felix de Penya Isern (bourgeois supporter of Carles of Àustria) is besieged by the French in 1713 and suffer political repression. The population dynamics of the XV-XVIII In the Middle Ages the jurisdiction of the castle and the parish consisted of 3 neighborhoods: Vilassar, Cabrils and Sant Crist. Vilassar de Dalt Castle Vilassar consisted mainly of farms (farmhouses and barns). Apart from this model, there were three different situations: Can Rafart de Vilassar de Dalt. History and Architecture 4 - The ‘sagrera’ of Vilassar: population centered around the church of Sant Genís. the customs and habits population. Vilassar de Dalt became the sixth industrial town in the - Neighborhood of Sant Crist. Principality. - Core formed by marine "stores" and fishermen's huts and later from s. XVI, was known as the neighborhood of the sea. The first looms were manuals, Mateu Serra i Tamau, installed the first steam in 1848 in the factory "Les Sedes." Around 1400, a census of the parish document contains a total of 83 dwelling units, 67 farmhouses and 15 barns, 46 in Vilassar, 27 in Cabrils, 8 in neighborhood Sant Crist and 2 in the vicinity of the sea. What suggests that there was a population of 250 400 inhabitants. A half XVI century Vilassar grows demographically largely through immigration of the period between the years 1570-1700 (1640 the neighborhood of the sea has 10 homes; Vilassar has about 1243 inhabitants in 1719 and it has 2448 inhabitants in 1787). In 1769 the neighborhood of Sea of Cabrils establishing perpetual vicarage, in 1784 the parish and in 1821 became an independent municipality. Factory Cal Garbat Manual looms Since 1870 the local industrialization is up to three families: The Calvet, the Vives and the Manyé Ordeig. In the late XIX century, technological changes textile accelerated. In 1915 begins in Manyé a strike for a months, everything will be the prelude to the crisis after World War I and the end of major textile companies in the generation of the twenties. Vilassar de Dalt as a drawing of time before The era of industrialization At the beginning of XIX Vilassar de Dalt end of the period as a villa for agriculture to become an industrial center specializing in the industrial sector. In the first stage, spinning flax and cotton, part of housework for women, but from the second quarter of the 800 concentrated in specialized places with rigid rules and timetables that changed Factory Can Ribot Can Rafart de Vilassar de Dalt. History and Architecture 5 During the thirties, a new generation of manufacturers became Vilassar de Dalt in the regional 1.1.2 SINGULAR BUILDINGS AND SITES capital of cotton and a major textile centers of industrialization in Catalonia. DOLMEN DE LA ROCA D'EN TONI After the Civil War, the textile know the last stage of glory to its definitive crisis of the seventies and eighties. Megalithic tomb at the foot of the “Hill in Rumpons” a few meters from the medieval grave. This is a small gallery deck Catalan, dated between 2200 - 1800 BC, There isn’t the remains of the tomb or cromlech, but it still has the room and the roof of the corridor. The first excavation was made in the Large urban transformations early twentieth century by Centre Excursionista de Catalunya; the second was given by Professor Pere Bosch Gimpera and the third in early March 1982 by Josep Castells of the Archaeology From 1950 to 1979 Vilassar de Dalt exceed from 3306 to 5647 inhabitants, caused by: Department of the Government. Only material evidence was obtained in the first operation. Since this is a `highly visible memorial has reached our days very plundered. The current perimeter wall, - The baby boom of 1960-1975. while protecting the site, remember the stone circle (cromlech) surrounding originally dolmen. - Immigration from above Murcia and Andalusia. Initially, the new population stayed in the news houses of the old town, but soon were inadequate and the people come three new districts: - Can Salvet (1955): result of the urbanization of the ancient lands of the farm, home to native and immigrant population.