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Cooperating to Reconstruct Rurality

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Cooperating to Reconstruct Rurality International Centre for World Vision development oriented Armenia Research in Agriculture Accion Contra el Hambre (ACH) UMCOR Armenia Small and Medium Armenian Entrepeneurship Academy of development National Agriculture Center (SMEDNC) COOPERATING TO RECONSTRUCT RURALITY: A study of institutional support needs for agricultural livelihoods in Sisian and Goris regions of Syunik marz, Armenia. -------------------------------------- Working Document Series 116 Armenia – 2004 -------------------------------------- Cooperating to reconstruct rurality: A study of institutional support needs for agricultural livelihoods in Sisian and Goris Regions of Syunik Marz, Armenia. Narine Babayan Zvidzai Chidhakwa Artur Hayrapetyan Oluremi Noah Iluyomade Helen C. Ramos Bounhom Thepphavong This report is the product of team work with the authors listed in alphabetical order International Centre for development Accion Contra el Hambre Small and Medium oriented Research in Agriculture (ACH) Entrepeneurship development (ICRA).P.O.BOX 88, 6700 AB Hovana Vorotnetsi 3, Sisisan, National Center (SMEDNC) WageningenThe Netherlands Tel.(31) Armenia 375010, Yerevan, 317 422938Fax (31) 317 427046. e- Tel (374 1) 544505 Armenia mail: [email protected] Tel/Fax (374 1 581878 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] World Vision Armenia1 Romanos UMCOR Armenia Armenian Academy of .Melikyan st., Malatia-Sebastia 14, Karapet Ulnetsu Street, Agriculture Yerevan 375065, Armenia Yerevan, Armenia Terian street 74, Tel (374 1) 74 91 46, 74 91 47, Tel +374 1) 248141, 282977 Yerevan 375009, Armenia Tel. Fax: (374 1) 74 91 48 Fax: +(374 1) 249215 52-45-41, 52-96-64 e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, a number of fundamental changes took place in the Armenian agricultural sector. The old agricultural system based on state and collective farms collapsed, together with markets modelled along requirements of the command economy and input supply systems. Land (and later livestock) was privatized and parcelled out to individual households. Former state and collective farms were replaced by small family units averaging 1.5 hectares. A new type of farmer has emerged in Armenia. People previously employed in industry and some former refugees from the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict suddenly became farmers, given the limited options in other sectors of the economy. A new system of support to agricultural livelihoods therefore needs to be developed by both the government and other support agencies. This study was conducted in Sisian and Goris Regions of Syunik marz in order to analyse current constraints and future support needs of various types of farmers and to suggest possible future roles of different institutions. The study was conducted as a collaborative effort between ICRA and five institutions providing support to farmers in Armenia. A number of constraints currently affecting agricultural development in Sisian and Goris Regions were identified. These include inadequate markets, inaccessibility to local and international markets, price instability, poor product quality, inadequate inputs and machinery, absence of long-term credit, inadequate research and extension support and poor farmer organization. The need to organize farmers into formal groups was identified as one of the key elements of success and there are successful examples in other marzes in the country. In order to suggest support needs and targeting relevant improvements, three categories of farmers were identified. These were; vulnerable households, subsistence farmers and entrepreneurial farmers. Strategies for each category were suggested. These include large scale grain production, specialization, livestock development, agro-processing and contracting of machinery (for entrepreneurial farmers), small-scale farming with value addition, non- agricultural enterprises and migration (for subsistence and vulnerable households). The study noted that for these strategies to be implemented, support is required from both government and non-governmental organizations. This support is identified at various levels of the household, community, region, national and international. A conducive policy environment should also be in place, for example with regards to land titling and taxation of agricultural products. It was observed that currently there is little collaboration and coordination among different agencies. For effective support to reach the farmer, agencies should coordinate their input and learn from each others’ experiences. Coordination and collaboration will be determined by the mandates of organizations, availability of finance and capacity building. i ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The members of the ICRA Armenia Team 2004 wish to express their appreciation and gratitude to the following agencies and people who in one way or another helped in the realization of this work: To their respective agencies/institutions in their home country for allowing them to participate in the ICRA training; To the ICRA donors for the scholarship, the ICRA management for imparting the knowledge on ARD and for giving the opportunity to put it in practice, the ICRA Secretariat for their untiring support in working through the travel documents; To the other participants of ICRA 2004, for sharing their knowledge, experiences and ideas during the knowledge acquisition phase in Wageningen, the Netherlands; To the government of the Republic of Armenia for their consideration in allowing entry of the foreign members of the ICRA team; To Mr. Samvel Avetisyan, first deputy minister of the Ministry of Agriculture, for sharing his precious time, for the warm welcome and informative discussion in his office; To the management of ACH, for serving as host to this study, their generosity in providing accommodation and the working space for the team; To the ICRA alumni, who comprise the monitoring group, for their advice and guidance and critical comments for the improvement of the study; To Richard Hawkins, the team’s external reviewer, for the motivation, invaluable suggestions and encouragement; To the key informants from the following institutions/agencies/projects: AAA, FAA, USDA- MAP, Agro Leasing, Marzpetaran Agriculture Regional Sub-Office in Sisian, Marzpetaran Agriculture Regional Office-Kapan, Agrogitaspyur, Agricultural Reform Support Project, AREGAK, UMCOR, SEF, SMEDNC, Business Center, ACBA Bank for their cooperation in sharing information; To the farmers of Sisian and Goris and Yeghegnadzor for their cooperation and enthusiasm in sharing their experiences; To our local staff, the cook and his crew and the cleaning lady, for their assistance in unloading us from domestic burdens; the chauffer for driving safely throughout the period of the field study and the interpreters who facilitated understanding between the team and the interviewees; To the friendly residents of Sisian who have provided good company during our stay and made the place a second home away from home; To the authors’ families for their understanding, love and prayers; iii Above all, to the Almighty Father for the constant provision of energy, wisdom and determination to carry on. iv THE ICRA TEAM 2004, ARMENIA Name/Discipline Nationality Employer Address Yerevayan highway 1, Yeghegnadzor, Republic of Armenia. Arid Goat Breeding Email: [email protected]; Cemtre, Yeghegnadzor, Armenia [email protected]. Republic of Armenia Tel: 09 20 1277 Mobile); 081 2 3161 (office); Narine Babayan 081 2 4081 (home) Veterinary Science Box BE 398, Belvedere, Harare, Southern Alliance for Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe Indigenous Resources Email: [email protected]; (SAFIRE), Harare, [email protected] Zvidzai Chidhakwa Zimbabwe Tel: 263 4 795462; 794333 Fax: 263 4 790470 Rural Development / Community Forestry Hovnan Vorotnetsi 3, Sisian. Acción Contra el Republic of Armenia. Hambre (ACH), Sisian, Armenia Email: 374 830 3485; 6885 Republic of Armenia Fax: 374 830 6897 Artur Hayrapetyan Economics National Horticultural P. M. B. 5432, Ibadan. Nigeria. Research Institute Email: [email protected] Nigeria (NIHORT), Ibadan. Tel: +234 803 406 9925 Nigeria Oluremi Noah Iluyomade Agricultural Economics and Community Development Isabela State University Email: [email protected]; Philippines Echangue, Isabela [email protected] Philippines Tel: (63) (0919) 6331478 Helen C. Ramos Plant Physiology and Ecology National Agriculture P.O.Box 811, Ventiane. Laos. and Forestry Research Email: [email protected] Laos Institute (NAFRI), Tel/fax: 856 21 770093 Ventiane. Laos Bounhom Thepphavong Agroforestry and Farming Systems v vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................iii THE ICRA TEAM 2004, ARMENIA........................................................................................ v TABLE OF CONTENTS.........................................................................................................vii LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF APPENDICES ...........................................................................................................
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