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Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in the United States 1999

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Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in the United States 1999 United States Department Forest Insect and Of Agriculture Forest Service Disease Conditions Forest Health Protection in the United States December 2000 1999 Healthy Forests Make A World of Difference United States Department Of Agriculture Forest Insect and Forest Service Disease Conditions Forest Health Protection in the United States December 2000 1999 PREFACE This is the 49th annual report prepared by the U.S. • seed orchard insects and diseases; Department of Agriculture Forest Service (USDA • nursery insects and diseases; and Forest Service) of the insect and disease conditions of • abiotic damage. the Nation's forests. This report responds to direction in the Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978, as These categories are listed in the table of contents; amended, to conduct surveys and report annually on there is no index. insect and disease conditions of major national significance. Insect and disease conditions of local The information in this report is provided by the Forest importance are reported in regional and State reports. Health Protection Program of the USDA Forest Service. This program serves all Federal lands, The report describes the extent and nature of insect- including the National Forest System and the lands and disease-caused damage of national significance in administered by the Departments of Defense and 1999. As in the past, selected insect and disease Interior. Service is also provided to tribal lands. The conditions are highlighted in the front section of the program provides assistance to private landowners report. Maps are provided for some pests showing through the State foresters. A key part of the program affected counties in the East and affected areas in the is detecting and reporting insect and disease epidemics West. Graphs are provided for some pests showing and the effects of wind, air pollution, floods, droughts, acreage trends over the last several years. Also and other agents. Detection surveys are conducted on provided are tables showing acreages affected for a regular basis by State and Forest Service program selected pests by State by year for the last 5 years. specialists. The second section of the report brings together insect, For additional information about conditions, contact disease, and abiotic agent damage from each affected the Forest Service office listed on the next page (see region under the organism's or agent's name. The map for office coverage) or your State forester. organisms and agents are arranged alphabetically in the appropriate section-- The Forest Service also prepared "America's Forests: • insects--native; 1999 Health Update," which highlights major forest • insects--nonnative; health concerns. The report deals with exotic (nonnative) pests, the rural-urban-wildland interface, • diseases--native; and the effects of weather and air pollution on forests. • diseases--nonnative; • diseases--origin unknown; The report is available on the Internet at: • declines and complexes; www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/annual_i_d_conditions/index.html iii United States Department Of Agriculture Forest Service Forest Health Protection Offices Forest Service, USDA Forest Service, USDA Northern Region (R-1) Pacific Northwest Region (R-6) P.O. Box 7669 P.O. Box 3623 Missoula, MT 59807 Portland, OR 97208-3623 (406) 329-3605 (503) 808-2913 Forest Service, USDA Forest Service, USDA Rocky Mountain Region (R-2) Southern Region (R-8) P.O. Box 25127 1720 Peachtree Road, NW, Room 862 S Denver, CO 80225 Atlanta, GA 30367-9102 (303) 275-5026 (404) 347-2961 Forest Service, USDA Forest Service, USDA Southwestern Region (R-3) Northeastern Area 517 Gold Avenue, SW 11 Campus Boulevard, Suite 200 Albuquerque, NM 87102 Newtown Square, PA 19073 (505) 842-3247 (610) 557-4124 Forest Service, USDA Forest Service, USDA Intermountain Region (R-4) Alaska Region (R-10) 324 25th Street 3301 C Street, Suite 522 Ogden, UT 84401 Anchorage, AK 99503-3956 (801) 625-5759 (907) 271-2575 Forest Service, USDA Forest Service, USDA Pacific Southwest Region (R-5) International Institute of Tropical Forestry 1323 Club Drive UPR Experiment Station Grounds Vallejo, CA 94592 P.O. Box 25000 (707) 562-8921 Rio Piedras, PR 00928-5000 (787) 766-5335 iv USDA Forest Service Regions and Area Copies of this report are available from: USDA Forest Service Forest Health Protection, YB-2S P.O. Box 96090 Washington, DC 20090-6090 Phone: (202) 205-1600 Fax: (202) 205-1139 Email: [email protected] This report is also available on the Internet at: www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/annual_i_d_conditions/index.html v CONTENTS Preface ............................................................................................................................................................................................. iii Map of Forest Service Regions/Area ................................................................................................................................................ v Executive Summary.......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 PART 1: NATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS............................................................................................................................................. 5 Insect Conditions Highlights............................................................................................................................................................. 6 Gypsy moth.......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Southern pine beetle............................................................................................................................................................. 8 Mountain pine beetle.......................................................................................................................................................... 10 Spruce budworm ................................................................................................................................................................ 12 Western spruce budworm................................................................................................................................................... 14 Hemlock woolly adelgid .................................................................................................................................................... 16 Common European pine shoot beetle................................................................................................................................. 17 Spruce beetle...................................................................................................................................................................... 18 Disease Conditions Highlights........................................................................................................................................................ 19 Dogwood anthracnose........................................................................................................................................................ 19 Beech bark disease ............................................................................................................................................................. 20 Butternut canker................................................................................................................................................................. 21 Fusiform rust...................................................................................................................................................................... 22 Dwarf mistletoes ................................................................................................................................................................ 23 PART 2: CONDITIONS BY DAMAGE AGENT BY REGION .................................................................................................. 25 Insect Conditions by Region........................................................................................................................................................... 27 Insects: Native ............................................................................................................................................................................... 27 Balsam gall midge (Region 9/Northeastern Area) ............................................................................................................. 27 Balsam twig aphid (Region 5) ........................................................................................................................................... 27 Buck moth (Region 8) ....................................................................................................................................................... 27 Cedar bark beetles (Region 5) ........................................................................................................................................... 27 Cypress looper (Region 8).................................................................................................................................................. 28 Douglas-fir beetle (Regions 1-6)........................................................................................................................................ 28 Douglas-fir
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