DOCSLIB.ORG

Messier 82: 200 Years of Study

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Messier 82: 200 Years of Study Messier 82: 200 years of study Michael L Allen [email protected] Table Mountain Star Party 2015 Michael L Allen Messier 82 TMSPA '15 1 / 22 What's in a name? From the NASA Extragalactic Database (NED) 3C 231 [KWP81] 0951+69 11HUGS 167 4C +69.12 [DSL2000] 0951+700 [dML87] 745 87GB 095143.5+695452 [HRT2007] J095552+694047 [SPB93] 116 87GB[BWE91] 0951+6954 [JBB2007] J095552.72+694045.7 LGG 176:[G93] 012 [WB92] 0951+6954 2MASX J09555243+6940469 [M98j] 080 NED03 NVSS J095551+694046 IRAS 09517+6954 RX J0955.8+6940:[BEV98] 003 VLSS J0955.8+6940 IRAS F09517+6954 UITBOC 1644 6C B095143.6+695502 AKARI J0955536+694050 CXOU J095552.7+694045 8C 0951+699 AFGL 1388 CXOU J095552.8+694045 S4 0951+69 MESSIER 082 RX J0955.8+6940 CLASS J0955+6940 NGC 3034 1RXS J095550.4+694052 DA 277 UGC 05322 2PBC J0955.7+6941 NRAO 0341 ARP 337 SAXWFC J0955.6+6940.6 TXS 0951+699 CGCG 333-008 1AXG J095549+6940 GB6 J0955+6940 CGCG 0951.7+6955 1H 0950+696A HIJASS J0955+69 NED02 MCG +12-10-011 1ES 0951+699 RGB J0955+696 2MFGC 07685 [MHH96] J095550+694041 WMAP 088 PRC D-13 [SPS97] 08 WMAP J0955+6936 KTG 28B NGC 3031:[R97] 01 WMAP J095547+6935 KPG 218B [TSA98] J095541.25+693927.31 WMAP J095549+6935 LDCE 0842 NED005 MESSIER 082:[TOH2007] X-1 NEWPS 5yr 5s 233 HDCE 0552 NED003 NGC 3034:[MGS2012] 01 NEWPS 5yr 5s 15 226 Cigar Galaxy 2FGL J0955.9+6936 QVW5 J095527+6940 PGC 028655 1FGL J0956.5+6938 QVW7 J095540+694120 RBS 0809 WMAP3-NEWPS-5S 128 UZC J095557.0+694110 Michael L Allen Messier 82 TMSPA '15 2 / 22 Where to find M82 Michael L Allen Messier 82 TMSPA '15 3 / 22 Where to find M82 Michael L Allen Messier 82 TMSPA '15 4 / 22 Who found M82 Figure: Johann Elert Bode Figure: Pierre M´echain Figure: Charles Messier (1747 - 1826) (1744 - 1804) (1730 - 1817) Michael L Allen Messier 82 TMSPA '15 5 / 22 From Charles Messier's journal \Nebula without star, near the preceding [M81]; both are appearing in the same field of the telescope, this one is less distinct than the preceding; its light faint and elongated: at its extremity is a telescopic star. Seen at Berlin, by M. Bode, on December 31, 1774, and by M. M´echain in the month August 1779." - February 9, 1781 Michael L Allen Messier 82 TMSPA '15 6 / 22 Early description of M82 \With a low power, No. 82 M. can be brought into the north part of the same field of view [as M81], although they are half a degree apart. It is very long, narrow, and bright, especially at its northern limb, but rather paler than No. 81. ...The two nebulae precede Lambda, in the end of Draco's tail, by 25deg, but as the vicinity is deficient of large [bright] stars, they are not readily fished up. " Figure: Adm. William Henry Smyth - writing in 1837 from Bedford, England (1788 - 1865) Michael L Allen Messier 82 TMSPA '15 7 / 22 Modern study Allan Sandage (1926 - 2010) observational cosmologist worked on refining the distance ladder, and the rate of expansion of the universe study of M82 revealed no resolvable stars with which to determine distance, and filaments of hydrogen gas being ejected near to escape velocity (Lynds & Sandage 1963) Figure: KPNO 0.9m image H-alpha. Michael L Allen Messier 82 TMSPA '15 8 / 22 Some theories concerning the disturbed appearance 1 \exploding" galaxy (Lynds & Sandage 1963) 2 an artifact of galaxy-galaxy collision (Baade & Minkowski 1954) 3 a manifestation of an active galactic nucleus (Burbidge & Burbidge 1960s) 4 collision with an intergalactic dust cloud (Elvius 1972) 5 star formation (various, 1970s) Michael L Allen Messier 82 TMSPA '15 9 / 22 Observations in support of the star formation hypothesis existence of visible super star clusters strong infrared emission population of radio supernova remnants Michael L Allen Messier 82 TMSPA '15 10 / 22 Super star clusters Bright, compact, so-called super star clusters (SSCs) dot the near-side face of M82, indicative of recent star formation. Figure: HST/WFPC2 image of super star clusters in M82. Michael L Allen Messier 82 TMSPA '15 11 / 22 Super star clusters Super star clusters (SSCs) contain between 104 and 106 stars and are thought to be an early stage in the formation of globular clusters, although formally they are classed as open clusters. A local SSC is the R136 cluster whose light powers the Tarantula Nebula in the LMC. Figure: A local super star cluster: R136 in the LMC (HST 3-filter composite image). Michael L Allen Messier 82 TMSPA '15 12 / 22 Strong infrared emission Infrared light in galaxies is produced when visible star light is absorbed by dust grains and then re-emitted as infrared. The total power in the infrared should closely match the total power of star light. Figure: Production of infrared light in galaxies. Michael L Allen Messier 82 TMSPA '15 13 / 22 Strong infrared emission The so-called infrared excess emission, seen at the extreme right-hand side of this image where the data points are located above the dust emission spectrum (dashed line), indicate the presence of dust raised to high temperatures by light from hot young stars. Figure: A spectrum of M82: brightness (vertical) versus color (horizontal) in the range from radio (left) to infrared (right); data from Klein et al. (1988). Michael L Allen Messier 82 TMSPA '15 14 / 22 Population of radio supernova remnants A radio supernova remnant (SNR) is the expanding gas cloud ejected from a star following core collapse. In M82, young SNRs (point sources) are strictly confined in a high pressure bath of interstellar gas (diffuse emission). The historical SN Figure: Young SNRs dot the interior of rate may have been as high as once M82 in this 3cm VLA image from Allen per decade. The aggregate energy (1999). from collections of supernovae propel gas out of the galactic disk. Michael L Allen Messier 82 TMSPA '15 15 / 22 A model of the outflow Michael L Allen Messier 82 TMSPA '15 16 / 22 A model of the outflow Michael L Allen Messier 82 TMSPA '15 17 / 22 A model of the outflow The signature of this process is layers of gas from very hot to very cold, all within the disk of the galaxy. Michael L Allen Messier 82 TMSPA '15 18 / 22 What caused the star elevated formation? A bridge of neutral hydrogen was discovered by Cottrell (1977) using the Cambridge Half-Mile radio telescope. The evidence suggests a close tidal interaction With M81 about 107 years ago. Although M81 is the more massive galaxy, M82 is more compact, meaning that M81 lost gas to M82 to fuel a vigorous Figure: A bridge of neutral hydrogen but brief episode of star formation. connects three galaxies in this VLA image by Yun et al. (1994). Michael L Allen Messier 82 TMSPA '15 19 / 22 M82 as the starburst prototype 1 starburst: if star formation continued, M82's entire supply of interstellar gas would be consumed in less than the current age of the universe 2 its light is dominated by events related to star formation, thus makes a good candidate to study star formation statistically 3 all galaxies are thought to have had starburst episodes early in their histories, potentially making M82 a local analog of very high redshift galaxies 4 the starburst in M82 is highly evolved, i.e., is ending: little new star formation, no new SNR candidates despite several decades of monitoring (note: SN 2014J was Type Ia, not associated with star formation) Michael L Allen Messier 82 TMSPA '15 20 / 22 Some notes about the presentation Historical images are from Wikipedia. Astronomical data & image retrieval are from the NASA Extragalactic database (NED). Astronomical abstract retrieval is from SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS). Processing of astronomical images was performed with SAOimage DS9. Original drawings completed in xfig. The presentation was typeset in LaTeX using the Beamer package in an emacs editor on Linux Fedora 21. Michael L Allen Messier 82 TMSPA '15 21 / 22 Thanks for coming ... and keep looking up! Michael L Allen Messier 82 TMSPA '15 22 / 22.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Messier Objects
    Messier Objects From the Stocker Astroscience Center at Florida International University Miami Florida The Messier Project Main contributors: • Daniel Puentes • Steven Revesz • Bobby Martinez Charles Messier • Gabriel Salazar • Riya Gandhi • Dr. James Webb – Director, Stocker Astroscience center • All images reduced and combined using MIRA image processing software. (Mirametrics) What are Messier Objects? • Messier objects are a list of astronomical sources compiled by Charles Messier, an 18th and early 19th century astronomer. He created a list of distracting objects to avoid while comet hunting. This list now contains over 110 objects, many of which are the most famous astronomical bodies known. The list contains planetary nebula, star clusters, and other galaxies. - Bobby Martinez The Telescope The telescope used to take these images is an Astronomical Consultants and Equipment (ACE) 24- inch (0.61-meter) Ritchey-Chretien reflecting telescope. It has a focal ratio of F6.2 and is supported on a structure independent of the building that houses it. It is equipped with a Finger Lakes 1kx1k CCD camera cooled to -30o C at the Cassegrain focus. It is equipped with dual filter wheels, the first containing UBVRI scientific filters and the second RGBL color filters. Messier 1 Found 6,500 light years away in the constellation of Taurus, the Crab Nebula (known as M1) is a supernova remnant. The original supernova that formed the crab nebula was observed by Chinese, Japanese and Arab astronomers in 1054 AD as an incredibly bright “Guest star” which was visible for over twenty-two months. The supernova that produced the Crab Nebula is thought to have been an evolved star roughly ten times more massive than the Sun.
    [Show full text]
  • OBSERVING BASICS by GUY MACKIE
    OBSERVING BASICS by GUY MACKIE Observing Reports The colorful and detailed photographs we see of celestial objects are not at all like the ubiquitous "fuzzy blobs" we see at the eyepiece. Nevertheless, you are freezing your buns off and loosing much needed sleep for work, the next day so why not make a description of your observations that will make the hunt worthwhile. Here are some suggestions to fill the empty spaces in your logbook and to imprint the observing experience more deeply in your memory. The Basics Your website www.m51.ca has a downloadable log sheet template that is just super, but you can also make up one for yourself or customize the website version to your own needs. The main things to start your report should be the circumstances under which you observed: Observing Location Time (of observing session and of the observation of each object) Optics (type of instrument, eyepiece, filters, power of magnification) Transparency (page 56 of the Observers Handbook) Seeing (for me this is a subjective rating of the atmospheric stability based on Planet features and double star observations) It is good to know the field of view (FOV) of each of your eyepieces in minutes of degree, then you can estimate the approximate size of the object. The sketchpad I use has the FOV for every eyepiece I use taped to the back, a handy reference. To calculate your field of view there are websites that will punch out the both the magnification and the FOV for most eyepieces. You can do it yourself: With any motor drives turned off, place a star near the celestial equator just outside the field of view in the eyepiece so that it will drift across the middle of the field of view.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to Smartphone Astrophotography National Aeronautics and Space Administration
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration A Guide to Smartphone Astrophotography National Aeronautics and Space Administration A Guide to Smartphone Astrophotography A Guide to Smartphone Astrophotography Dr. Sten Odenwald NASA Space Science Education Consortium Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland Cover designs and editing by Abbey Interrante Cover illustrations Front: Aurora (Elizabeth Macdonald), moon (Spencer Collins), star trails (Donald Noor), Orion nebula (Christian Harris), solar eclipse (Christopher Jones), Milky Way (Shun-Chia Yang), satellite streaks (Stanislav Kaniansky),sunspot (Michael Seeboerger-Weichselbaum),sun dogs (Billy Heather). Back: Milky Way (Gabriel Clark) Two front cover designs are provided with this book. To conserve toner, begin document printing with the second cover. This product is supported by NASA under cooperative agreement number NNH15ZDA004C. [1] Table of Contents Introduction.................................................................................................................................................... 5 How to use this book ..................................................................................................................................... 9 1.0 Light Pollution ....................................................................................................................................... 12 2.0 Cameras ................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Astrophotography a Beginner’S Guide
    Astrophotography A Beginner’s Guide By James Seaman Copyright © James Seaman 2018 Contents Astrophotography ................................................................................................................................... 5 Equipment ........................................................................................................................................... 6 DSLR Cameras ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Sensors ............................................................................................................................................ 7 Focal Length .................................................................................................................................... 8 Exposure .......................................................................................................................................... 9 Aperture ........................................................................................................................................ 10 ISO ................................................................................................................................................. 11 White Balance ............................................................................................................................... 12 File Formats ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Messier Catalog
    The Messier Catalog Messier 1 Messier 2 Messier 3 Messier 4 Messier 5 Crab Nebula globular cluster globular cluster globular cluster globular cluster Messier 6 Messier 7 Messier 8 Messier 9 Messier 10 open cluster open cluster Lagoon Nebula globular cluster globular cluster Butterfly Cluster Ptolemy's Cluster Messier 11 Messier 12 Messier 13 Messier 14 Messier 15 Wild Duck Cluster globular cluster Hercules glob luster globular cluster globular cluster Messier 16 Messier 17 Messier 18 Messier 19 Messier 20 Eagle Nebula The Omega, Swan, open cluster globular cluster Trifid Nebula or Horseshoe Nebula Messier 21 Messier 22 Messier 23 Messier 24 Messier 25 open cluster globular cluster open cluster Milky Way Patch open cluster Messier 26 Messier 27 Messier 28 Messier 29 Messier 30 open cluster Dumbbell Nebula globular cluster open cluster globular cluster Messier 31 Messier 32 Messier 33 Messier 34 Messier 35 Andromeda dwarf Andromeda Galaxy Triangulum Galaxy open cluster open cluster elliptical galaxy Messier 36 Messier 37 Messier 38 Messier 39 Messier 40 open cluster open cluster open cluster open cluster double star Winecke 4 Messier 41 Messier 42/43 Messier 44 Messier 45 Messier 46 open cluster Orion Nebula Praesepe Pleiades open cluster Beehive Cluster Suburu Messier 47 Messier 48 Messier 49 Messier 50 Messier 51 open cluster open cluster elliptical galaxy open cluster Whirlpool Galaxy Messier 52 Messier 53 Messier 54 Messier 55 Messier 56 open cluster globular cluster globular cluster globular cluster globular cluster Messier 57 Messier
    [Show full text]
  • Smoking Galaxy Revealed 17 March 2006
    Smoking galaxy revealed 17 March 2006 The smelly material, called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, can be found on Earth in tailpipes, barbecue pits and other places where combustion reactions have occurred. In galaxies, the stuff is created by stars, whose winds and radiation blow the material out into space. "Usually you see smoke before a fire, but we knew about the fire in this galaxy before Spitzer's infrared eyes saw the smoke," said Dr. David Leisawitz, Spitzer program scientist at NASA Headquarters in Washington. These hazy clouds are some of the biggest ever The visible-light picture of the Cigar galaxy shows only a seen around a galaxy. They stretch out 20,000 light- bar of light against a dark patch of space. Click on years away from the galactic plane in both browse image for a visible/infrared comparison. Image directions, far beyond where stars are found. credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona/NOAO Previous observations of Messier 82 had revealed two cone-shaped clouds of very hot gas projecting outward below and above the center of galaxy. Where there's smoke, there's fire - even in outer Spitzer's sensitive infrared vision allowed space. A new infrared image from NASA's Spitzer astronomers to see the galaxy's dust. Space Telescope shows a burning hot galaxy whose fiery stars appear to be blowing out giant "Spitzer showed us a dust halo all around this billows of smoky dust. galaxy," said Engelbracht. "We still don't understand why the dust is all over the place and The galaxy, called Messier 82, or the "Cigar not cone-shaped." galaxy," was previously known to host a hotbed of young, massive stars.
    [Show full text]
  • Sky at Night 55 Moore Marathon - Observing Guide
    The Sky at Night 55 Moore Marathon - Observing Guide... Thanks for taking part in the Sky at Night’s Moore Marathon - our 55th anniversary challenge. This guide has been designed to help you fi nd the 55 selected objects in the marathon. We would like you to tell us which of our 55 selected objects you’ve managed to fi nd. If you’ve managed to grab any images of them, then you can share them via our Flickr group at... www.fl ickr.com/groups/bbcskyatnight Remember too that you can keep up with the programme itself at... www.bbc.co.uk/skyatnight The guide has been written for the month of April, when British Summer Time is in force. When we talk about time in the marathon, we mean British Summer Time (BST) - that’s the same time as shown on your clock or watch. BST comes into force during 2012 on March 25th. On this day the clocks go forward by one hour. Please remember that for programme inclusion, we need your completed QUICK or DETAILED forms back by April 24th. Object No. Guide Page Object No. Guide Page Object No. Guide Page 1 2 21 4 41 4 2 2 22 11 42 4 3 2 23 15 43 2 4 2 24 15 44 8 5 4 25 4 45 9 6 4 26 11 46 9 7 8 27 14 47 9 8 8 28 14 48 9 9 8 29 14 49 4 10 4 30 9 50 2 11 4 31 15 51 4 12 9 32 11 52 15 13 10 33 4 53 15 14 10 34 13 54 13 15 10 35 2 55 11 16 10 36 4 17 13 37 2 18 11 38 4 19 14 39 4 20 13 40 11 Page 1 1 The Moon Rating - Easy Best seen with - Naked Eye Visibility - 1-9 April before midnight, 10-17 early hours, 22-30 early evening (programme deadline 24th April) The fi rst object is our very own Moon.
    [Show full text]
  • 9 X13.5 Doublelines.P65
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-62062-8 - The Multiwavelength Atlas of Galaxies Glen Mackie Table of Contents More information Contents Preface page ix 2.4.6 Submillimeter 40 Acknowledgements xi 2.4.7 Radio 41 2.5 Caveat #1: Mass versus light and dark matter 43 2.6 Caveat #2: Looking back to the beginning 45 Galaxies 1 1 2.7 Caveat #3: Observational bias 48 1.1 Prehistory of galaxies 2 2.8 Galaxy research and multiwavelength 49 1.2 “It is worthy of notice” 5 observations 2.8.1 A unified scheme of active galaxies 49 1.3 Multiwavelength laboratories in space 6 2.8.2 The far-IR radio correlation 50 1.4 The atlas galaxy sample 9 2.8.3 A non-universal IMF 51 1.5 Atlas galaxy categories 9 2.8.4 Gamma ray bursts 51 1.5.1 Normal galaxies 9 2.8.5 Magnetic fields in galaxies 51 1.5.2 Interacting galaxies 9 2.9 Additional reading 53 1.5.3 Merging galaxies 11 1.5.4 Starburst galaxies 11 1.5.5 Active galaxies 12 3 A view from the inside: The Galaxy 55 1.6 Properties of the atlas sample 16 ∗ 1.6.1 Galaxy nomenclature 16 3.1 Quiet monster – Sagittarius A 55 1.6.2 Galaxy morphology 16 3.2 All-sky maps of the Galaxy 58 1.6.3 Distances and luminosities 22 3.2.1 Gamma ray – >100 MeV 58 1.6.4 Multiple classifications 23 3.2.2 Gamma ray – 1.8 MeV 58 1.7 Epoch of formation and galaxy ages 25 3.2.3 Soft X-ray 60 3.2.4 Optical 60 1.8 Additional reading 27 3.2.5 Optical – Hα at 6563 A˚ 60 3.2.6 Near-infrared 60 Observing the electromagnetic 3.2.7 Mid- and far-infrared 60 spectrum 29 2 3.2.8 Radio – molecular hydrogen 65 2.1 Earth’s atmosphere and extraneous
    [Show full text]
  • Longmont Astronomy Society Newsletter February 2007
    Longmont Astronomy Society Newsletter February 2007 This Month’s picture: is for me to know, and you to guess at! First email to [email protected] with the right answer gets their choice from the book collection at the March meeting. Maximum three guesses / person allowed, so use your guesses wisely. From the President: Hello Astronomers, This past month has been the slowest month of the year as far as clear skies goes. The mostly cloudy conditions has kept us from doing our once a month Dark sky adventures to Pawnee. Spring will return soon and maybe I will have something to write about. The Home Planet views will return to normal. We have gotten some yard views in, especially with Saturn, (it's in opposition in February). Saturn is worth chasing down. Easy to find: comes up before dark and stays up all night. I tried with digital camera to get some quick shots in, but mostly poor seeing for picture taking. Alan Stern, who did the LAS Banquet talk about Pluto & Charon mission, in January. Pluto was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh February 18th, 1930 at Lowell observatory in Flagstaff Arizona, in case you forgot. I still see it as a planet, no dwarf planet mentality here! Do not forget February 14th, Valentine's day for your honey or we will be watching the stars in the dark alone. Other facts, the brightest supernova seen from Earth in 383 years was on February 23rd in the Large Magellanic cloud . February 3rd, 1966 the Soviets landed first moon probe to take pictures of Lunar surface.
    [Show full text]
  • Charles Messier (1730-1817) Was an Observational Astronomer Working
    Charles Messier (1730-1817) was an observational Catalogue (NGC) which was being compiled at the same astronomer working from Paris in the eighteenth century. time as Messier's observations but using much larger tele­ He discovered between 15 and 21 comets and observed scopes, probably explains its modern popularity. It is a many more. During his observations he encountered neb­ challenging but achievable task for most amateur astron­ ulous objects that were not comets. Some of these objects omers to observe all the Messier objects. At «star parties" were his own discoveries, while others had been known and within astronomy clubs, going for the maximum before. In 1774 he published a list of 45 of these nebulous number of Messier objects observed is a popular competi­ objects. His purpose in publishing the list was so that tion. Indeed at some times of the year it is just about poss­ other comet-hunters should not confuse the nebulae with ible to observe most of them in a single night. comets. Over the following decades he published supple­ Messier observed from Paris and therefore the most ments which increased the number of objects in his cata­ southerly object in his list is M7 in Scorpius with a decli­ logue to 103 though objects M101 and M102 were in fact nation of -35°. He also missed several objects from his list the same. Later other astronomers added a replacement such as h and X Per and the Hyades which most observers for M102 and objects 104 to 110. It is now thought proba­ would feel should have been included.
    [Show full text]
  • TAAS Monthly Observing Challenge – June 2016 Deep Sky Object
    TAAS Monthly Observing Challenge – June 2016 Deep Sky Object NGC 6712 (GC) Scutum ra: 18h 53m 04.3s dec: -08° 42’ 22” Magnitude (visual) = 8.1 Size = 9.8’ Concentration class = 9 Distance = approximately 22,500 light years Description: Probably discovered by Le Gentil on July 9, 1749. Discovered by William Herschel on June 16, 1784. This globular was first cataloged by William Herschel as H I.47, as he first classified it as a bright round nebula. John Herschel numbered it h 3762 in his "Cape" catalog on the ground of his observations in the 1830s, and included it in his General Catalogue of 1864 as GC 4441. At its distance of 22,500 light-years, NGC 6712's apparent diameter of 7.4 minutes of arc corresponds to a linear extension of about 50 light-years, and its visual brightness of 8.1 magnitude to an absolute magnitude of -7.50, or an intrinsic luminosity of about 90,000 times that of our Sun. Its overall spectral type has been determined as F9. It is approaching us at 107.5 km/s. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin mentions that a dwarf nova had occurred in NGC 6712, which makes it one of three globulars where such stars were observed, the others being M5 and M30. In 1999, ESO astronomers used the 8.2-m VLT Unit Telescope (UT1) to photograph and investigate globular cluster NGC 6712 and found evidence that this cluster is "evaporating," and has already lost its faintest stars to the Milky Way halo. Source: http://spider.seds.org/spider/MWGC/n6712.html Al: Herschel 400, Globular Cluster Challenge Object NGC 6302 (PN) Scorpius – aka Bug Nebula or Butterfly Nebula ra: 17h 13m 44.3s dec: -37° 06’ 13” Magnitude (visual) = 9.6 Size = 89” Distance = 3800 light years Description: The Butterfly Nebula is a bipolar planetary nebula located in Scorpius.
    [Show full text]
  • Arp's Peculiar Galaxies - Supplementary Index the Deep Space CCD Atlas: North Presents 153 of the 338 Views Selected by Halton C
    Arp's Peculiar Galaxies - Supplementary Index The Deep Space CCD Atlas: North presents 153 of the 338 views selected by Halton C. Arp in his 1966 Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies. An asterisk (*) indicates that the galaxy is not identified by its Arp number in the CCD Atlas or its index. The headings are the categories (a "preliminary" taxonomy) Arp established with his 1966 Atlas. Arp Common name Page Arp Common name Page Arp Common name Page Spiral Galaxies: 116 MESSIER 60 143 239 NGC 5278 + 79 152 LOW SURFACE BRIGHTNESS 120 NGC 4438 + 35 134* 240 NGC 5257 + 58 152 1 NGC 2857 99 122 NGC 6040A + B 167* 242 The Mice 143 2 UGC 10310 168* 123 NGC 1888 + 89 49 243 NGC 2623 93 3 MCG-01-57-016 245 124 NGC 6361 + comp 177* 244 NGC 4038 + 39 123* 5 NGC 3664 116 WITH NEARBY FRAGMENTS 245 NGC 2992 + 93 101 6 NGC 2537 90* 133 NGC 0541 15* 246 NGC 7838 + 37 1* SPLIT ARM 134 MESSIER 49 136* 248 Wild's Triplet 120 8 NGC 0497 14 135 NGC 1023 29* IRREGULAR CLUMPS 9 NGC 2523 91* 136 NGC 5820 161* 259 NGC 1741 group 47 12 NGC 2608 92* MATERIAL EMANATING FROM E 263 NGC 3239 107 DETACHED SEGMENTS GALAXIES 264 NGC 3104 104 13 NGC 7448 248* 137 NGC 2914 99* 266 NGC 4861 147 14 NGC 7314 245* 140 NGC 0275 + 74 9* 268 Holmberg II 91 15 NGC 7393 247 142 NGC 2936 + 37 100 16 MESSIER 66 114* 143 NGC 2444 + 45 85 Group Character 18 NGC 4088 124* CONNECTED ARMS THREE-ARMED Galaxies 269 NGC 4490 + 85 136* 19 NGC 0145 3 WITH ASSOCIATED RINGS 270 NGC 3395 + 96 110* 22 NGC 4027 123* 148 Mayall's Object 112 271 NGC 5426 + 27 156 ONE-ARMED WITH JETS 272 NGC 6050 + IC1174 168*
    [Show full text]