www.threesixtyjournalism.org Volume 4 • Issue 1 March–April 2013

Minnesota Teens Report Stories and Issues That Matter

Budding debate After voters in two states legalize marijuana use, Minnesota teens argue whether it should happen here. Pages 18–21

Cancer to ‘Clouds’ Zach Sobiech faces the unimaginable Page 16

Dating differences Can couples overcome a big age gap? Page 22

Illustration by Angela Brooks Volume 4 • Issue 1

Frequently asked questions

What is ThreeSixty Journalism? ThreeSixty Minnesota high school students, particularly low- Writers in this issue Simone Cazares, Woodbury HS • Mairead Journalism is a youth journalism program of the income and minority teens, at summer camps at the DeBruin, Avalon School • Calista Dunbar, St. Paul Central HS • Dami Gilbert, College of Arts and Sciences at the University of St. University of Minnesota. In 2001, the program moved Robbinsdale Cooper HS • Ibad Jafri, St. Paul Academy and Summit School Thomas. The non-profit program is committed to to the University of St. Thomas and became a year- • Simeon Lancaster, Concordia University PSEO • Nico Machlitt, Highland helping Minnesota teens tell the stories that matter in round program with a full-time staff. Park Senior HS • Frederick McConnell, St. Paul Conservatory of Performing their lives and communities. What does the name ThreeSixty mean? In 2006, Arts • Mary Meehan, Delano HS • Grace Pastoor, University of St. Thomas What is ThreeSixty Journalism’s mission? the program’s name changed to ThreeSixty Journalism • Katie Rounsville, Osseo Senior HS • Maya Shelton-Davies, River Falls HS ThreeSixty’s mission is to bring diverse voices into to reflect the program’s growth and the range of • Amolak Singh, Nova Classical Academy • Darwesh Singh, Nova Classical journalism and related professions and to using backgrounds among the students we serve. We are Academy • Brianna Skildum, Roosevelt HS • Mary Wu, Thomas Edison HS intense, personal instruction in the craft and principles interested in telling stories from all parts of our Photographers and illustrators in this issue Jennah Benalshaikh, of journalism to strengthen the literacy, writing skills community, using a variety of media tools, including and college-readiness of Minnesota teens. words, photos, illustrations and video. St. Paul Preparatory School • Angela Brooks, Thomas Edison HS • Mai Xiong Chang, Thomas Edison HS • Jaslyne Molina, Thomas Edison HS • Raul Whom do you serve? How can I get involved? ThreeSixty Journalism Molina, Thomas Edison HS directly serves more than 100 Minnesota high Apply for our Intermediate Summer Camp (June 16- school students each year via after-school classes, 28) and Intro to Journalism Camp (July 8-August 1). Lynda McDonnell weekend workshops, school partnerships, individual For applications and details, go to our website: www. Publisher: coaching and summer journalism camps. About half threesixtyjournalism.org/summercamps2013 Editors: Thomas Rozwadowski the students served come from low-income homes To submit ideas, essays, photos or artwork, email Design Consultant: Diana Boger and more than 60 percent come from communities them to [email protected] or contact Katie Johnson of color. We serve thousands more via our writing Editor Thomas Rozwadowski at thomas.rozwadows- Community Outreach Editor: contests, print publications and website—www. [email protected]. AmeriCorps VISTA volunteer coordinator: Briana Gruenewald threesixtyjournalism.org. To arrange classroom visits, contact Community Administrative Assistant: Grace Pastoor How did ThreeSixty Journalism start? The Outreach Editor Katie Johnson at katie.johnson@ Editorial offices: program began as the Urban Journalism Workshop stthomas.edu or Executive Director Lynda McDon- Mail 5057, 2115 Summit Ave. in 1971. UJW provided basic journalism training to nell at [email protected]. St. Paul, MN 55105 651-962-5282 Connect with us online [email protected]

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2 threesixtyjournalism.org Cover story When the Smoke Clears...

With votes considered unthinkable a decade ago, residents of Colorado and Washington are free to breathe in new freedoms thanks to the legalization of marijuana last November—a first in the United States. Could it happen in Minnesota? As local advocates prepare to make a legislative play for medical marijuana in the next two years, Twin Cities teens share their thoughts about a drug that doesn’t get the same full court press as alcohol and tobacco. But with recent studies showing a long term intelligence drop-off after frequent pot use, perhaps there’s more they should consider? I Pages 18–21

Send comments to ThreeSixty Journalism CONTENTs march/april Send your letters to ThreeSixty Journalism at 8 Pressing pause I 5 2115 Summit Ave., Mail 5057, A rabid gamer contemplates the effects of virtual violence after the Newtown school massacre. St. Paul, MN. 55105, or comment online at Exploring education differences I 8 www.threesixtyjournalism.org What are the pros and cons of studying in America? Overseas? Three writers compare notes. You can also join ThreeSixty Journalism’s Facebook YourTurn winners I 12 fan page or follow us on Check your inbox, President Obama. You’ve got mail. Twitter@ThreeSixtyMN @16 with R.T. Rybak I 14 Thank you The popular Minneapolis mayor had his sights on City Hall at an early age. Finance & Commerce Head in the ‘Clouds’ 16 The print version of ThreeSixty I Lakeland teen Zach Sobiech turned to his guitar after receiving a terminal cancer diagnosis. will be published four times 31 during the 2013–2014 school Is age just a number? 22 year. Finance & Commerce I Older guy + younger girl = trouble, right? Navigating age gap relationships can certainly be tricky. in Minneapolis has donated printing of the publication. Whole lotta ‘Love’ 26 We are grateful for this I Craig Minowa of Minneapolis band Cloud Cult reflects on an ambitious new album. generous gift. Meet Mr. Showtime 31 Find more at our website: I All eyes are on Robbinsdale Cooper basketball star Rashad Vaughn when he takes the court. www.threesixty journalism.org

March/April 2013 3 Getting to know the Twin has grown. Over the years, I have added Reader response generalized anxiety disorder, opposition- Cities, one story at a time al defiance disorder, clinical depression, as well as a sleep disorder or two. All of hough I’ve only been in the Twin Cities We write, you react these things contribute to who I am, and since September, Johnny Cash’s “I‘ve Been how I act around people. TEverywhere” officially serves as the theme eing a special needs kid makes life I was diagnosed Starting at a young age, I knew that song for March’s issue. a challenge. Depending on your with obsessive I was different. Thankfully, my parents Even with Mother Nature’s Bspecial need, the challenges will compulsive disorder, were able to find me the help I needed. icy grip paralyzing my will to also be very different. attention deficit I’ve been to seven to nine doctors or so. I live on most days, ThreeSixty’s Personally, the challenges I have are disorder and atten- stopped keeping track. student writers have been strictly social, though I have met many tion deficit hyperac- There are two very challenging parts game to hop in my car and kids whose problems were mostly about tive disorder when I to treating disorders. The first: Finding try anything this winter. So their learning capabilities. was in second grade. the right therapist. Some of them just whether it’s Burnsville, Lake- After reading the “I’m in Special Ed. All of these are be- Elizabeth don’t work with your personality. For ex- land, Stillwater, New Hope, Does it Matter?” essay in ThreeSixty’s havioral disorders, Hogshire ample, I’m an extremely Type A person. the University of Minnesota Thomas December issue, I realized that there are which makes sense, Perfectionism, making lists and checking campus, City Hall in down- Rozwadowski quite a few similarities that most of us go because I was always a bit different from the time constantly are a few things that town Minneapolis—you through. Of course, that’s not to say that everyone else in my class. dominate my life. name it—the ThreeSixty road show has been busy we don’t have different stories. Seven years later, my list of disorders The first psychiatrist I worked with putting our young journalists in the hot seat. was a half hour late to our second or Face-to-face interviews give our teen writers the third meeting. Obviously, our partner- best opportunity to experience the thrill of journal- write in get published Teachers, send us your ship didn’t last long. ism. It also opens up the Twin Cities to them in student responses to March issue stories and we’ll print them online and in our May On the other hand, you can have the ways the Google Maps app on their iPhone could publication. E-mail: [email protected]. best therapists in the world, but you also only dream of. I’m there only as an adult guide; the need to cooperate and want to get better. driver’s ed instructor with an emergency brake, if you will. Since our sources—including a super busy Mayor of Minneapolis (I mean, he only has an This issue’s artists and photographers entire city to run)—have been so gracious with their time, we’ll continue to take advantage of the open door policy. By scouring the surrounding area for interviews, our teen writers are seeing that, yes, it can be scary to shake hands, ask questions and look a subject in the eye. But as I’ve also come to learn as a Cheesehead from across the border, that Minnesota Nice thing is legit. Steve Burton, the head basketball coach at Robbinsdale Cooper High School, even let my students stick around for Jennah Benalshaikh Angela Brooks Mai Xiong Chang is a Jaslyne Molina is Raul Molina is a junior an entire practice. And he brought us chairs! is a senior at St. Paul is a sophomore at senior at Thomas Edi- a senior at Thomas at Thomas Edison High It’s a collaborative effort, and the hard work Preparatory School. Thomas Edison High son High School. Her Edison High School. School. He moved shows in our reported stories. I’m equally proud of She plays soccer, School. She enjoys art interest in art stems She believes art is a to Minneapolis two the personal essays sprinkled throughout this issue, enjoys music, speaks a because it is “a way from freshman year “good way to express years ago and loves art a glimpse at the unfiltered teenage voice you just little Arabic and loves for me to express my when she discovered yourself and find your because of how “people can’t replicate elsewhere. photography, which emotions without how to “express beauty” talent.” Her family has can take their thoughts More locations await for our next issue. Now she hopes to pursue as having to use words.” and “my creativity to been a big influence on and show them to the where did I put my chauffeur’s cap? a career. the world.” her creativity, and in world. What else can I her spare time, she also say? That’s just too cool —Thomas Rozwadowski, ThreeSixty youth editor enjoys painting. to me.”

4 threesixtyjournalism.org Honestly, this step took me a very long time. Since I have oppositional Pressing Pause defiance disorder, that basically means that if someone tells me to do something, I automatically won’t Virtual violence can have do it. So I didn’t want to change myself or get help, because in my real world consequences, mind, I was doing nothing wrong. It was other people who weren’t do- but it’s still just a game ing what they were supposed to. My behavioral disorders were normal. s I aim my semi-automatic sniper’s holo- Submitted Graphic imagery in games like “Assassin’s Creed III” have led to a Once I finally hit rock bottom, I graphic sight at an enemy far away, my spirited debate about what’s contributing to a more violent culture. realized that, just maybe, I also had Ateammate takes his rocket launcher and to change. That there was at least a blows four people up with one shot. killing for entertainment? penalized. small possibility that I was wrong. I get the headshot. • • • But this isn’t just about escap- Only a slight one, of course. This is not just an ordinary kill. Instead, my en- It’s hardly coincidence that last ing to a world where killing is As of today, I’m doing a lot better emy’s head blows completely off, gallons of blood By Darwesh year saw the release of some of the golden rule. It’s more about than before. I’ve learned to control spattering the truck he was using as cover. Singh the most advanced and popu- enjoying great gameplay, graph- my disorders well enough to be part I focus my sights on another sniper. He likely Nova Classical lar violent video games on the ics, narration and sound effects. of everyday society. That’s definitely has his sights on me, too. Academy market. Teens want them and That’s what can be difficult to not where my story ends though. video game developers are happy assess from the outside looking Since I understand what it’s like I decide to go for a below-the- seven kills. to oblige. in. As these games become more to be special needs—and to be dis- belt shot, which will earn me As I slit the throats of more “Assassin’s Creed III,” “Black realistic, teenagers—the larg- criminated against because of it—I extra XP. These allow you to un- opponents, my stomach starts to Ops 2,” “Need for Speed: Most est consumers of violent video now volunteer with a program that lock, buy and upgrade weapons churn, my gut starts to tighten Wanted” and “Halo 4” are best games—are exposed to more vio- helps other special needs kids get or abilities as the game goes on. and my head starts to ache. selling titles because of their high lence, blood, killing, dead bodies, through their issues. I miss him, and instead hit a I have just ended the lives of caliber of quality. All of them fall profane and vulgar language and The company is called Erik’s teammate, causing us to lose a 36 people. I have seen their faces under the classification of “hyper- sexual imagery. But video games Ranch, and though it is based out point. up close, whether in my sniper realistic,” which means that the are also massive works of art. of Montana, they have programs in Everyone on the chat starts scope or right before I slice their violent graphics are, at the very Designers, programmers and nar- Minnesota. I volunteer with their screaming at me and my anger necks and stain my hands with least, equal to what you’d see in rators all use incredible creativity equine therapy program and teach takes complete control. I switch their blood. I decide to leave the real life. and imagination to craft gaming the kids to ride horses, while also to a long-range assault rifle, jump match, discarding all the XP, kills Gamers want more realistic worlds that are truly beautiful. giving them therapy. down from the hill I’m on, and and deaths I just racked up. environments, guns, people and Yes, beautiful. The blood, gore, While there, I’ve met many charge forward, killing everyone I close the game, my mind animations because it’s simply flesh and screams might not fit kids and adults with special needs, in my way. It might seem like going back to the Sandy Hook more “authentic’ and “immer- that description, but the game as and I’ve watched their progress an act of suicide, but I snag a Elementary School shooting in sive.” The more we’re placed on a whole does, much like a graphic throughout the program. It’s an decent kill streak of 15, which Newtown, Conn. a few weeks the edges of our seats, the “bet- mystery, thriller novel or epic extremely rewarding experience for earns a 500 XP bonus. I respawn prior. I think deeply about the ter” the game is. movie. me to see them become more ver- behind the enemy line, and go for reason I play violent games. Realism means two things in That level of appreciation is bal, and begin to understand their the silent kill, butchering eight If it’s for fun, then am I killing the gaming world: How close to likely lost on non-gamers. At lives better. more enemies before I bring on people for fun? real life the game feels, and how least when it comes to attention an artillery strike, a reward after If it’s entertainment, then am I graphically advanced the display from the mainstream media —Elizabeth Hogshire, a freshman is. Preference for these two ide- following a national tragedy, any at FAIR School Downtown, is part als varies greatly from gamer to discussion about violent video gamer, but all hardcore enthusi- games comes back to—natu- of ThreeSixty Journalism’s after- Do you think popular culture in the form of school spring NewsTeam. She is also a think movies, music and video games influences violent asts crave some of both. rally—violence. competitive figure skater who enjoys spot behavior? What are some recent examples? And yes, in a video game, I can I get that. The amount of gore horseback riding and writing in her kill as many people as I want, in in “Creed,” “Halo” and “Black free time. any way I want, without being Gaming continued on page 17

March/April 2013 5 Because of the constant harass- “emo,” “poser,” “wannabe,” and about how I’d kill myself, even Lifetime of Scars ment, I eventually stopped eating of course, “fatty.” That one never going so far as to write a note lunch in front of them at school. went away. about how I should shoot or Then, feeling bad about myself, I’d Worse yet, I didn’t enjoy who I hang myself to escape everything. Battling bullies and go home and binge. had become. Everything I tried to But I threw it away so my mom change in style, attitude and mind- wouldn’t find it. image issues takes a Assuming an alter ego set was just an alter ego. It wasn’t I thought inflicting pain would As I entered Maple Grove Junior the real me. alleviate my depression, but I was physical, emotional toll High, I thought that things would No matter where I turned, I wrong about that, too. Every time get better. New school, new didn’t belong. School became I’d go back to school, I’d be right people, right? But I was only lying so unbearable, I’d walk down a back at square one. t’s the first day of kindergarten and my mom is to myself so I would feel more side hall just to get away from As I’ve gotten older, things have ready to take a photo of me standing outside confident. the kids who picked on me, or I’d improved somewhat. But only ICedar Island Elementary in Maple Grove. All the kids who used to mock, skip class altogether and sit in the because I’m trying my hardest to I’m wearing my best pink dress, a pink headband tease and harass me now went to nurse’s office so I didn’t have to focus on the things I love. in my shoulder-length blonde hair, and of course, a the same junior high, so I couldn’t see anyone. I’ve found a group of high nice big smile. Even though I can feel the knots and be anyone other than the same Every time they’d call me names, school friends who support me bubbles in my stomach, I’m ecstatic about starting By Katie chubby five-year-old. I’d see girls I’d stir quietly in class, biting my and focus on my personality. Their school and making new friends. Rounsville having fun at recess while I sat lip while sketching on a piece of words of encouragement mean Except the smile in that photo didn’t last long. Osseo Senior alone at a table, dreaming about paper. If I said anything back, I’d the world. I’ve also worked with a Imagine being five years old and bursting with High School one day being “normal” like them. just hear more laughter and harass- school counselor on coping meth- excitement about school, only to realize that other That’s when my identity ment, so why bother? ods and I write in a book every kids don’t enjoy your company because you’re “the fat kid.” No matter changed. Because I never felt time I feel depressed. how much I tried to be their friend, I couldn’t escape their dirty looks, welcome, I hung out with the first Coping with the pain In fact, I feel happiest when I’m snotty remarks and rude gestures. group that would accept me. In- As the bullying struck deeper, my writing about topics I truly care stead of wearing pink and dresses, personal problems grew worse. I about. It’s the one thing bullies One day, while sitting at a table ever I was upset at the world or I converted to black and skinny began cutting my arms and leaving can’t take away from me. during snack time, my teacher myself. When I overate, I was jeans. burn marks from erasers. Once, I handed me a cookie. Another kid rapturous, never once seeing a I thought that by dressing more cut myself so deep, to this day, I Changing for ‘me’ across the room yelled, “She no problem with it. dark and masculine, I’d divert all still have a scar. Still, I’m a junior and the bad feel- need any cookies. She eat enough” But my body did. the nasty comments about my I felt like I was free when I left ings persist. I’ve never been able to so everyone could hear. The entire I’d gain five pounds. Then ten weight to my clothing. But that painful marks on my arms and understand it. class started laughing. I felt com- pounds. By the time I was in only led to more hurtful names: calves. A few times, I thought Because of my extra weight, so- pletely destroyed. 4th grade, I was about 40 or 50 ciety strikes me and other “abnor- pounds bigger than the average kid mal” people down because we’re An easy target my age. not Barbie or Ken dolls. Society Growing up, I was always the That made me an easy target, Imagine being five years old and bursting wants everyone to be the same. overweight kid who had very few of course. Students would tell with excitement about school, only to realize When I look in the mirror friends. The friends I did have ma- me to “go eat a cake” as a favorite today, I see a person who’s will- tured slowly while I was growing putdown. Or when someone was that other kids don’t enjoy your company ing to help anyone in need. I see a rather noticeable chest in third absent from school, they’d joke someone who’s always ready for grade. that I must have “eaten them.” because you’re “the fat kid.” something new. I see a young When I looked at my body, I It never relented. On the bus, a woman who’d like to hold her saw physical changes that my peers group of three boys would regu- head high. hadn’t experienced yet. Because I larly mock me. One even went to But I always see my weight. was so different from everyone, it the extreme of throwing an apple Every day, I have to live with a Think about a time when you judged a was hard to feel proud of my body. at me while I waited to get off at body that I’m not proud of. My think stranger based on his or her appearance. While my friends were flat-chested my bus stop. They’d come to my spot What can you do to avoid those assumptions? goal is to change that. and skinny, I was always chubby. house just to laugh, and if I was Not because my tormentors So I’d eat my problems when- outside, they’d throw sticks. want me to. But because I want to.

6 threesixtyjournalism.org article said that D.C. mayor Vin- Unsportsmanlike cent Gray wanted to sit down with Redskins ownership to discuss changing their divisive nickname, Conduct Internet commenters trotted out arguments about too much “politi- cal correctness.” It’s time to get rid of Native “Leave it alone.” “I’m so sick of the complaining.” “Don’t we have American mascot names better things to worry about?” That’s easy to say when it’s rowing up as a Native American, I didn’t someone else’s culture that you’re care about the respect others had for my insulting. Gheritage. But as I’ve gotten a bit older, I But that’s what happens when realize how little respect is present. you don’t have empathy for what Whether it’s descriptions like Squaws and Savages Native Americans have gone or chants like “Scalp the Indians” (isn’t that like say- through. And forget about doing ing “Kill the whites?”), Native American mockery is By Brianna some research. often on display at sports stadiums. Skildum I spoke with my dad, Patrick Imagine seeing your culture presented in such Roosevelt High Skildum, about why this issue is an insulting fashion. Would you appreciate that? School important to our culture. He was Especially in 2013? adamant about where he stood. “I’m not a mascot. I’m a human As most sports fans know, schools are starting to see another being,” he said. “My children are names like Braves (Atlanta), perspective. human beings, and I don’t think Chiefs (Kansas City) and Indians Last year, Oregon enacted some we should be treated that way.”

(Cleveland) are used for profes- of the nation’s toughest restric- Submitted He also understands that not sional and college teams. Probably tions on Native American mascots, Brianna Skildum, left, gets ready to dance in Native American garb at every mascot is intended as a racial the most offensive of all, Redskins nicknames and logos, the Associ- the Grand Portage Rendezvous Days Powwow. slur. (which once had the words “Scalp ated Press reported. Schools in “I guess I don’t have a problem ‘em!” in their fight song), con- Oregon have five years to comply portunity to prove to boards that ticed. They bring too many bad with the Chiefs because chief isn’t tinues to be promoted by Wash- with a ban on Native names; oth- they aren’t enabling stereotypes, memories to Native Americans. really an Indian word. You know, ington’s franchise in the National erwise they lose state funding. allowing dozens of schools to a Master Chief in the Navy isn’t Football League. Wisconsin is the only other maintain Native mascots. Insulting our culture the same as an Indian chief. So the But even though some teams state to enact similar restrictions. That isn’t good enough to me. I Supporters say the mascots honor word doesn’t really bother me,” he refuse to change their names, high However, schools are given the op- won’t let those names go unno- Native history and evoke positive said. “But the Tomahawk Chop values like strength and bravery. that they do (in Atlanta), I find Plus, it’s silly to “mess with tradi- that incredibly offensive.” tion.” Same goes for names like the skin deep A funny thing happened as population. Bruce Allen, the team’s general manager, How is it that non-Natives get Fighting Sioux and Redskins, Brianna Skildum, one of ThreeSixty’s fall NewsTeam addressed the issue with media members in early to make that call? which dredges up history that graduates, finished her essay on Native American February and stated that the Redskins would not be After a recent Washington Post Mascots continued on page 21 mascots. changing its name. The National Football League season ended and “We represent an iconic sports franchise that’s 81 the Washington Redskins, a 2013 playoff team, started years old, that involves millions of fans worldwide, that to receive escalating criticism about its nickname. has thousands of alumni. It’s ludicrous to think in any What are some names or images that have a More so than perhaps any other sports mascot, way that we’re trying to upset anyone. We’re proud of think negative connotation in your culture? Are others Redskins has historically drawn the most fire from who we are, and we’re proud of what we’re going be,” spot aware that they could be considered hurtful? Native American advocacy groups and the general Allen said.

March/April 2013 7 ide a Life ins anese Taiw m Exploring classroo Education Differences

Submitted photos

here’s an old Chinese saying taught to Editor’s note: Sure, American schoolchildren about how they should al- students get a bad rap for how ways show respect for three kinds of people: they perform on standardized T Parents, teachers and the Emperor. tests. But as some international As a teacher, you can’t be in much better company students quickly discover, our than royalty. And it shows at our schools. teens probably lead the world in It’s the biggest difference I’ve noticed since I came By Mary Wu self-esteem. to Minneapolis as an exchange student from Taiwan. Thomas Edison We asked three writers to de- Though I’ve only been here since September, it High School scribe the differences they have makes me very sad to see teachers treated with such experienced between American little respect. and foreign schools. Being an exchange student In America, teachers are this is “my life” and they can do from Taiwan introduced Mary incredibly patient with students. what they want. These kinds of Wu to American confidence I believe this causes teenagers thoughts do not enter into our and a habit of disrespecting to be disrespectful. There is not minds at 15 or 16 while living in Students at Mary Wu’s school in Taiwan hit the books hard in class, but teachers. Likewise, Dami enough punishment, so teachers Taiwan. also make time for a little silliness. Gilbert’s time in Nigeria taught are powerless to correct a student’s her to appreciate flexibility bad behavior. Different teaching styles of the job. taking notes. over discipline, while Mairead Teenagers are also encouraged to I admire anyone who is brave Not in Taiwan. There, teachers There, teens also stay in the same DeBruin’s routine at Avalon be different and to show them- enough to be expressive, and this rarely stay after school to help stu- classroom all day. We decorate School feels unconventional selves off. It’s an emphasis on the is definitely one of my favorite dents. They run through as many tables so the classroom becomes even by U.S. standards. individual over the group. While elements about this beautiful pages of content, with as much more personal since it’ll be our Finally, two YourTurn it allows students to have more country filled with beautiful detail as possible, so everything spot all year. Students take a contest winners suggest how rights, less limits and value the people. After all, the teen years is covered. The way we learn is by 10-minute recess between every President Obama should tackle differences between every person, are a time when you should enjoy taking a lot of tests rather than class to talk and catch up with education reform. it also creates circumstances where being young and bold. participating in group discussions. friends. We also take a 30-minute The question is: Can U.S. they’re unable to cooperate with But in America, teachers Test sheets come with our text- nap after lunch. It keeps our minds schools deliver what teens others or blatantly disregard the almost see themselves as friends of book, stacks of them, one sheet fresh. want and still make America advice of elders. students. They feel that offering for each chapter. So all you do is Everyone also wears the same competitive globally? I’ve already seen Minneapolis greater understanding about what take notes. Over and over again. uniform. It’s convenient because teenagers tell their parents that they’re teaching is an essential part In Taiwan, we would die without Taiwan continued on page 11

8 threesixtyjournalism.org L ife inside a NIGERIAN cla ssroom

Submitted photos

t is 7 o’clock on a Monday morning. My dogs, Dami Gilbert found plenty of time to enjoy Nigeria’s scenery while attending school in Lagos. Fedio and Douchess, bark when my mother Icomes into my room to wake me up. unpacking. “IT’S TIME FOR Chemistry, I have English and routine. Students are expected to I peek my eyes open and look up at the smooth ASSEMBLY,” I hear a younger Literature with Ms. Okoye. She’s learn and get the kind of rigorous white ceiling. With a groan, I struggle to pull myself student shout as the bell rings. writing notes on the board: “Get education their parents paid for. out of bed. Like the rest of the world, I’m unhappy During assembly, teachers walk your notebooks. We are going to The bell rings again. “TEA about going to school. By Dami Gilbert around, making sure that each do dictation.” TIME.” Finally, I think to myself, I stretch and put on my uniform—a burgundy Robbinsdale student’s uniform is ironed, shoes I dread dictation. It’s like a spell- a “break.” Tea time is 15 minutes skirt, white and burgundy striped button-up and Cooper High are polished and nails are cut and ing test, but you don’t get to study to enjoy a snack. It’s also the best burgundy tie that I ironed the night before. I see the School unpainted. Girls must have their for it. Instead, Ms. Okoye calls out opportunity to talk with class- sun shine in through my bay windows, making the hair in braids, all back, and only random words and students have mates and relax a bit. pink on my walls sparkle before leaving a shadow of light on the tile floor. use natural hair. Boys must cut to spell them out. Next up are my language classes: their hair so it doesn’t get long. “This time, we are doing 50,” Yoruba or Igbo. We greet our It’s a typical Monday morning same gated community I live in. If you disobey any of these rules, she says. teacher with “E ku Osan,” which in Nigeria, about 76 degrees as I We drive for a few minutes down you are punished. This could range My heart sinks into my stomach. means good afternoon inYoruba . grab my backpack, making sure to brick roads with grand houses from kneeling down all day— I’m a horrible speller, and I know “E ku abO,” she responds. “Wel- check the Yoruba homework my lining each side. When we arrive which means all your work has to that if I don’t do well, I won’t hear come.” mother helped me with. at school, I politely greet everyone be done on your knees, not while the last of it from her. It’s onto another language class, My parents run successful busi- in the hallways. In America, it’s sitting—or copying the longest French, then Economics before nesses and earn enough to build a normal to walk into a congested verse from the Bible, which can Valuing education lunch. I can smell the jollof rice big house and send me to private hallway where girls spray large take hours. If you don’t copy Teachers in Nigeria are incredibly and chicken our “aunties” have school. The situation has its perks. amounts of perfume and body carefully, you’ll be ordered to do strict. They expect nothing but cooked for us. We call all the On school days, I head into the splashes as students listen to music it again. perfection. You must give your school workers “auntie” or “uncle” kitchen, greet our maid, and pour with Beats By Dre headphones. In American schools, you would best to them. I have a decent rela- out of respect. None are actually myself a bowl of cereal before sit- I walk quickly down the nursery be sent to the principal’s office or tionship with some of my teachers, related to us. It’s a Nigerian cus- ting in the dining room. My dad hall and head up the stairs to my home for an infraction. Not in but to be honest, most of them tom that applies to elders and the comes in and helps me with my tie. third floor classroom. I secretly Lagos. In Nigerian culture and scared me, which led me to hate respect they should command. I put on my polished black shoes wish today was Wednesday schools, shaming and physical their classes. The biggest difference with and say goodbye to my parents as because I would have art. I love punishment are acceptable forms Nigerian classes are also harder Nigerian schools is that students I dash to the car so our driver can art. My art teacher, Mr. Hosanna, of discipline. than those in the U.S. It’s all about consider it a privilege to be there. take me to school. adores my work. After assembly, we head back drilling information into your Education is valued more, plain Lucky for me, school is in the I rush to my desk and start to our normal set of classes. After head. Having fun isn’t part of the Nigeria continued on page 11

March/April 2013 9 ide Life ins Exploring valon the a m Education classroo Differences t’s a small place, down off University Avenue in St. Paul. The building is a converted warehouse full Iof all the kids who refuse to fit in anywhere else. You’ll see people come to school wearing Santa hats in January, or carrying around plastic ponies, or sporting a new hair color weekly. We come from a variety of situations and backgrounds, but this is By Mairead a place where everyone’s accepted, welcomed and DeBruin hugged a lot. Avalon School

My high school is called Avalon. around, and I found Avalon. I It’s different, weird almost, a tiny shadowed, and it was about two charter school with no principal. bits off of the best thing I’d ever It’s kind of a new wave education seen. I came home that day and thing, and the students pretty demanded my mother sign me Illustration by Mai Xiong Chang much run the show. Overall, it’s a up immediately. In my opinion, The standards set expectations great place, and I wouldn’t return it’s the best choice I’ve made yet, about what we need for graduation. Mairead Debruin, a freshman at Avalon School, to a traditional public school for school-wise. They’re things like, “Art: Creation is a graduate of ThreeSixty Journalism’s fall after-school NewsTeam class. anything. It’s a project-based school, which and Performance” and “American She enjoys reading, writing, drawing and listening to music (ask her about For middle school, I went to a means that time at Avalon is split Literature: Realism.” In a tradi- The Killers sometime.) As stated in her essay, she also has an apprecia- place called Cyber Village Acad- between going to classes and doing tional high school, I’d demonstrate tion for creative learning environments and a nifty Santa hat. emy, a school that was half online, projects that we design. We write completion of these requirements half on campus. We’d spend the proposals, meet with teachers, get by taking classes. But we don’t first three days of the week at approved, do the work, and reflect always learn by having classes. guys in my advisory (like a home- kids can just fall through the school, and then the remainder on what we’ve done. There’s a set Instead, we get credits by logging room, but closer-knit) who’ve built cracks. Avalon has a tiny teacher/ working online. It was great, but of standards everybody has to the hours spent working in a day. a collection of sculptures out of student ratio, so if you need help I never had enough time with my complete by the time we graduate, We need forty credits to graduate; stacked empty soda cans. It started in anything, you can just ask. The friends, and there was way too as well as a requirement about how each credit is 100 hours of work. It’s as a joke, but with some encourage- teachers care enough to make the much homework. I’d been looking many credits we need. a bit of a confusing system at first, ment they turned it into a project, students want to try, and that’s but I’m halfway through my fresh- and actually got credit for it. It’s something all schools really need. man year and doing fine with it. pretty cool. They have mechanical Personally, I learn best when avalon school at a glance We also get a lot of freedom, elevators, ski lifts, and a seven-foot something is explained to me by and sometimes it’s tempting to just model of the Empire State Build- somebody interesting, someone In June 2012, 188 students 7th through 12th grade were enrolled. spend hours talking to a friend or ing. That they get to do something I like. Whether I’m listening to Each student has an adult advocate and personalized learning plan. wandering the halls. But in the end so awesome, but for school credit, a lesson from my quirky Spanish 70 percent white 57 percent from St. Paul we have to sit down and get stuff is pretty astounding to me. teacher, memorizing the quadratic 17 percent black 23 percent from Minneapolis done, just like at any other school. Yeah. We’re pretty cool. formula song, or having a friend 5 percent Asian 20 percent from suburban districts We don’t do normal school I know that kids in America are help me with my schoolwork, that 4.7 percent Hispanic activities all the time, though. We slipping in standardized tests, but happens at Avalon. 2.6 percent Native 32 percent qualify for free and can get really creative with the I think that’s partially the fault And every weekday morning I American reduced price lunch projects, and do crazy things and of public schools. The teacher/ wake up wondering what’s going to be ourselves. I know a couple of student ratio is so big that some happen next.

10 threesixtyjournalism.org MARY WU, a junior at Thomas Edison High School, is an exchange student from Taiwan, a small, Taiwan continued from page 8 these past few months have been “How am I going to know what independent island beside to cook, they just start cooking. students who aren’t considered more eye-opening than any I expe- to do when the teacher isn’t guid- China. She learned English in People here are very inventive and “cool” or “trendy” don’t have to feel rienced in my time as a Taiwanese ing me?” I was so used to being elementary school, and inspired creative. Fearless. bad about themselves. We all wear student. For biology class, we caged, I didn’t have the confidence by the American culture she Overall, my Minneapolis experi- the same clothes, so no one is cool! went to the Nobel Conference to to go off on my own. saw in her home city of Hsinchu, ence has changed me a lot. I’m Teachers also inspect uniforms listen to professionals talk about wanted to experience high really surprised by how students are every day. Punishment for being their most recent discoveries. The Too much freedom? school in the United States. A treated so well and provided pro- sloppy means doing chores like Voyager Program led me to the But with the good comes a lot of random host family opening grams that help them get ready for cleaning bathrooms. headquarters of AT&T to meet bad. American students take that in Minneapolis led her to the college, ready for life. Outside the In Taiwan, school typically runs their vice president so we could freedom for granted. My teacher Twin Cities for the first time in classroom, none of that happens in from 7 a.m. to 8 p.m. Students listen to him tell us a story about tries hard to get financial sup- September. While here, she’s Taiwan. are technically allowed to leave becoming successful. port so students can have the best excelled at art, earning a gold I wish that the concepts of West- at 5, though if you don’t stay to Here, I am also exposed to all equipment. But I’ve seen so many key from the MN Scholastic Art ern and Eastern education could study more, teachers will call your kinds of materials that I would teens waste and destroy items or Contest in January. She returns mix. I don’t want to take away the parents and ask what is wrong—a never have dreamed to see in, say, disrespect the teacher by refusing to Taiwan in June. power of students to be different means of shame. Some even have an art room. Even though the to clean up their workspace. or deny the daydreams of children school on Saturdays. students are not professionals, my In Taiwan, we don’t get any- and their futures. But their rude- Here, students get out at 3. I teacher is willing to give us a chance thing for free. If you want good art makes me envious of their freedom. ness and disrespect also shouldn’t can’t believe it! American teach- to explore and become fascinated. supplies, you have to bring them Americans know how to enjoy life. be tolerated. Teens also aren’t ers also don’t value memorization In Taiwan, teachers push tech- yourself. You clean them your- They know how to entertain them- always equipped to decide what as much. They prefer to create nique, not how to think. So you self. You also clean the classroom selves, how to try new things. I’m they want for themselves. Teachers chances for their students to touch never explore your creative side. afterwards. amazed at how someone can just and parents should be expected to and learn about the world around When I came here, my art teacher It’s not a teacher’s job to babysit. decide to fix their car even though make better decisions for them. them through direct experience. never told me what to draw, so I Yet everything negative I’ve that’s not what they do for a liv- This would make the best school Opportunities in science labs froze up. seen about American students still ing. Or if they want to learn how in the world.

Nigeria continued from page 9 For Valentine’s Day, the school would also learned in Nigeria has helped me in so many and simple. In the United States, teens can be decorated with hearts and the colors red, Dami Gilbert, ways, specifically with my writing skills. I go to public school for free. In Nigeria, even white and pink. We’d celebrate with a big a junior at Robbinsdale Cooper High also miss living so close to school and having public schools cost money since you have to Valentine’s Day dance for the whole school. School, spent a year-and-a-half in Lekki a driver take me around in the year-round pay for transportation, uniforms and classes That’s one thing I really miss. peninsula in Lagos, Nigeria. Her parents gorgeous weather. each term. Nigerian schools also value sport clubs were born and raised in Nigeria. They But I knew what I was gaining by com- To be enrolled in Nigeria means you have like swimming, basketball, volleyball, dance lived in the U.S. for 25 years and saved ing back to Minnesota. Despite the winter to be serious. To mess around at school is to and soccer. On sporting Fridays, a lot of their money to build a house and start weather and 30-minute rides on a school throw away the money your parents worked male teachers would bring their soccer shoes businesses in Nigeria. Dami was born in bus, I’m getting an education I can under- hard to earn. While I like that American to play with the students. The boys were the U.S. but moved to Nigeria with her stand and keep up with. Here, I also don’t schools provide free opportunities for always very competitive and loved it. mom in 2010. Dami admits that Nigerian have to worry about what will happen to me education so everyone can go, there’s also schools were a struggle, and after if I don’t finish my homework. What kind something to be said about how seriously A better fit enrolling in Minnesota Virtual High School of punishment will I get? How much will Nigerian teens take school. I came to appre- It was very easy to adjust to Nigeria dur- to help, the stress of being in two schools my teachers look down on me? The fear of ciate their approach greatly. ing my year-and-a-half there. The grading became too much. With her parents’ never being good enough, that yearning for That doesn’t mean you never have fun system and routine may have been slightly blessing, she returned to Minnesota after perfection but not getting close enough, cre- or there aren’t similarities with American different, but it was nothing that would the summer of 2011 and visits Nigeria ated far too many anxiety attacks. schools, either. After lunch, I had music class surprise American students. during holidays. School in the United States doesn’t give where we played instruments and learned However, relationships with teachers me any of that. While I loved some parts of songs to perform at a school show. On the would open their eyes. Students respect since teens aren’t going to risk the embar- Nigeria, I value having a great relationship last day of school before Christmas break, teachers in Nigeria. Here, students can talk rassment again. with my teachers. I value their ability to be we also sang songs for our families and had to teachers any way they like. In Nigeria, I’m glad I had the opportunity to experi- reasonable and understanding. class parties with snacks, drinks and gifts. punishment brings out the right results ence both educational systems. What I Here, I have peace of mind.

March/April 2013 11 To make a good teacher, you have to YourTurn Winners second place be qualified. Unfortunately, that isn’t all. ($50 prize) The teacher has to be motivated to make William Anema kids grasp the concepts that will help Minnehaha Academy them later on. For this to happen, the Dear, Mr. President... teacher has to actually like the kids he or Judges notes: “It is evident that William has she teaches. Not all of them, of course. resident Barack Obama was sworn in for his second four-year term in January. From thought his position out very carefully, and I can’t say all of mine have enjoyed my Congressional leaders to high-priced lobbyists, people are constantly telling him what truly believes in the power of a teacher’s ability presence. The teacher should like chil- Pto do. We wanted to give students a chance to offer him some of their best advice. to inspire. The watermelon imagery serves as a dren in general, but also be able to teach After sifting through 116 thoughtful submissions about how the President could improve nice thread that helps the reader understand the ones that the teacher doesn’t care for. education, create more jobs, handle immigration and keep neighborhoods safe, volunteer the point he is making.” So the teacher should also be good with judges chose the following three essays as the strongest. The top 10 essays were snail mailed to kids. There’s a huge difference between the offices of Sen. Amy Klobuchar and Sen. Al Franken. My teachers are good at their jobs. At liking kids and being good with kids. least so far. I wake up every day, not nec- Well, the question now is: How do I America had a choice, and she chose to essarily loving the idea of going to school, find teachers with these standards? First place welcome the immigrants. The immigrants but knowing that my teachers After triple-checking that ($100 prize) are grateful; they are strong-minded beings want to be there and have some- the teacher is qualified, you Raho (Rahma) Warsame and begin to strive the minute the plane thing planned for their students. have to look for other things Merc High School lands. America is made of the entire human Many schools aren’t like mine. such as past experience with race. To get here though, we struggle, we Mr. President, the one thing you kids or past teaching experi- Judges notes: “(This essay) grabs the reader by fall, we’re hurt, we’re imprisoned, we starve, could do to improve communities ences. What isn’t being done the throat and tells a truth with a clear voice and we die. But for those of us that cross across the nation is to inspire kids is the extra step of checking that stands apart. (Rahma) … speaks out with the bridge, it wasn’t easy. Every time we fell to learn through their teachers. An with organizations that teach- a style, clarity and voice that is like nothing and scraped our knees, we got up again. inspiring teacher can improve lots ers have worked for. Talking else submitted. This essay rocked me back on Every time we got knocked down, we stood of students’ lives. William Anema to past co-workers that might my heels with its force.” back up. And every time they counted us Educating someone who doesn’t have shocking stories about out, we got back in. Yes, some of us did not want to learn is as difficult as trying to how uninspiring the teacher has been. Dear Mr. President, struggle like the rest, but we all had our fit a whole watermelon in your mouth. Looking at the teacher’s dedication to Many Americans blame their economic days of pain. You might graze the surface, but in the their work. Who might be doing all this crisis on immigrants. They believe that The great Malcolm X once said, “Being end nothing is getting into your head. work? The solution is to have a position we immigrants come here, eat and spend born here in America doesn’t make you an Wanting to learn is a choice, and no mat- in every major public school for the government money with no regard to what American.” Rather, you are your country ter how hard you try, you can’t force that sole purpose of finding and hiring good effect it has on the country’s economy. I when you make her proud. So turning the choice on people. What you can do is teachers. am here to state otherwise. Immigrants are blame on immigrants is unfair. We come make the situation as likable as possible, We all should want good teachers in the ultimate example of why one shouldn’t for better lives, many of us escaping the which starts with students’ teachers. A schools. Then, after a while, those excep- judge a book by its cover. What these people unthinkable and enduring pains never expe- school could have only a blackboard and tional teachers will be teaching future do not realize is that we make America rienced in this land. So Dear America, what a stub of chalk, but with a good teacher teachers and the process will continue. strong. have we done to your land? You will highly that wouldn’t matter. If the teacher More kids will be inspired to learn more A nation without people is not a nation. disagree with this statement, but you, I and truly engages the students and is good at and find what they’re good at and what We immigrants make America de- every American are all immi- what he or she does, the students might they enjoy. It all starts with stopping kids fined, strong and known. We are grants. We make up this land, but just make that choice to swallow some from choking on that huge watermelon and more hardworking than Ameri- represent different kinds. Before watermelon. cutting it up into pieces for them to ‘eat’. cans and are always striving to me was you, and before you were make our lives better. See, we are the Natives. And before that, not here to pursue ‘The American what we now call America was an Dream,’ but rather live our own unclaimed and unknown land. Educating someone who doesn’t want to learn and take care of our loved ones. That is why so many immigrants Sincerely, is as difficult as trying to fit a whole watermelon work more than one job. Raho Warsame Rahma in your mouth.

12 threesixtyjournalism.org When a naturally intelligent student is engaged in a learning environment where everyone wants to succeed and excel in their studies, that student will be able to achieve his or her utmost potential.

The children that actually want to learn are Third place being held from their true potential by the ($30 prize) students that do not want to learn. It may seem Bradley Peterson a bit harsh, but I say let the failing students fail Spectrum High School and stay behind, and let the successful students succeed and go onto the next grade level. Judges notes: “(Bradley) raises an interesting ar- I studied developmental psychology gument. He writes with a conviction, confidence at Stanford University, the alma mater of and honesty that is different from any other Presidents Herbert Hoover and John F. submission. The consistency of his position has a Kennedy. During my time there, I learned unique rawness to it.” a very interesting thing about students and the education of the youthful mind. When Dear Mr. President, a naturally intelligent student is engaged With all due respect, sir, I believe that you in a learning environment where everyone could be doing a better job in regard to the wants to succeed and excel in their studies, current education problem that faces our that student will be able to achieve his or her great nation today. Seeing how far our nation’s utmost potential. However, when a naturally technological and scientific advancements intelligent student is engaged in a learning have come—even in the past few years—and environment where some of the students want then going to school and seeing to excel and other students don’t intelligent children who don’t want care about learning at all, then to succeed, it makes me worried that student will never be able to about my own generation and what achieve his or her utmost poten- will happen when we are the leaders tial. It is absolutely imperative that of the United States. naturally intelligent students are I see our nation’s public schools engaged in learning environments dropping their standards for learn- where the students have a drive to ing every day. Now, to be honest, excel. Otherwise, those intelligent Bradley Peterson I do have a bit of a bias because I students will not be able to go as grew up going to a private Catholic school far as they are able to go in life. from kindergarten through fifth grade. So here is a suggestion: Why not keep the However, I still find it rather depressing that I students who want to excel in school, and let learned subject matter in a public high school those students who have no drive to succeed in the ninth and tenth grades that I already drop out at their own leisure? learned while I was in the fourth and fifth These are merely the ideas of a young fool, grades in a private school. The fact that stu- but I urge you to please consider them. They dents don’t even take Algebra until the ninth could spur a revolution in our education grade, in my opinion, is preposterous. system. Now, I do realize that not every child is particularly gifted, or even has a drive to learn, A respectfully opinionated citizen of the but I still say that the standard for learning in United States, the United States of America should be higher. Bradley

March/April 2013 13 @16

Photos by Briana Gruenewald. Though he’s leaving his dream job, Mayor R.T. Rybak doesn’t have time to be wistful while inside his City Hall office in downtown Minneapolis. W/MAYOR R.T. Rybak

Minneapolis Mayor discovered mayor, Rybak is in a more reflec- What were your high school tive state of mind to start 2013. years like? about his “dream job” early But that doesn’t mean the work As I look back, I had a good time stops. in high school. But as I look back, this series Even as a board in a nearby it was probably the period in my This marks the second .T. Rybak can’t imagine living anywhere but City Hall office counts down the life where I was most confused installment of ThreeSixty’s Minneapolis. remaining 300-some days, Rybak about where I wanted to go, who I “@16” series, where our teen For him, there’s nothing better than look- said, “I don’t use that because I’m wanted to be, and what direction writers interview Minnesota R newsmakers and difference ing out the window and marveling at the falling anxious to get out of here. I’m I should go in. I think I was prob- Minnesota snow. Yet as mayor of Minnesota’s largest anxious to use every single second ably a little depressed. It just was makers about life as a 16-year- city, he always has to wonder how the plows are of this.” not a period that was anywhere old high school student. Who doing. By Maya Rybak recently sat down with near as exciting or fulfilling as it should we talk to next? E-mail “It’s a lot of work,” Rybak said. “There’s always Shelton-Davies ThreeSixty Journalism to talk would be for me later. thomas.rozwadowski@ something in the back of your head about the re- River Falls High about a high school career filled I often think that’s important to stthomas.edu with your sponsibility you have.” School with self-doubt, the difficulty of people who are in high school, be- suggestions. It comes with the city’s top title—not just a job leaving his “dream job,” and why, cause not everybody fits perfectly. to Rybak during these past 11 years, but a “tremendous privilege” and a no matter what he ends up doing Not everyone has a clear rise to “chance to change lives.” in the future, Minneapolis is where be a mayor or a person in business Having announced in December that he wouldn’t seek a fourth term as he wants to stay. or … it’s not a clear road. It’s often

14 threesixtyjournalism.org the rybak file n Profession: Mayor of Minneapolis

n Age: 57 complicated and rocky. Maybe n Family: Wife, Megan, and children, Charlie and Grace young people, environmental the people of Minneapolis are one of the reasons why I spend n High school: Breck School in Golden Valley sustainability, bringing peace to dramatically different. We are far so much time in high schools is I n College: Boston College neighborhoods, so many other more diverse, and our diversity is could have used more of that on things. more diverse than other cities. We n Find ‘em: On Twitter @MayorRTRybak and www.themayorblog.com my own. For the last nine years, Even when it’s tough, when have the largest Somali popula- n Personal hero: My mom. When my dad died when I was a kid, I’ve spoken to every ninth grader I’ve had to go to shootings or tion outside Mogadishu. One of she raised us. Put herself through college, put us through college, in Minneapolis schools … and the bridge collapsing, there’s a the largest Hmong populations became a college guidance counselor. A very cool thing. One of my for all those years, I’ve asked that privilege to not just watching it in the world. A large part of the heroes. I have a bunch of them. But that’s a pretty good start. young people close their eyes and on television, but being able to get population from Spanish speaking n Just relax. It’s going to be fine. It visualize what they’ll be doing Best advice for teenagers: up and help. To do something. So countries in Central and South when they’re older. sounds so simple. But I remember sitting alone and thinking that many people get so heartbroken America. Immigrants from places something that was going to happen the next day was going to When I was their age, I had this seeing something horrible happen. like Tibet. change my life forever. Or something that just happened to me was bizarre idea that I wanted to be the And even in those times, you get That could be a challenge, and either the best or worst thing that could ever occur. Neither was true. mayor of Minneapolis. But I didn’t the privilege as the mayor to say, there are problems with it. My Part of the success of being a teenager is just standing at the end tell my friends that because they “On behalf of everyone, I want to mission as mayor has been to find of adolescence and getting through it. Learn as much as you can. would have laughed at me. And Be really open to all sorts of idea. Try things, even if they’re a little help.” It doesn’t make some trag- ways for that to be an asset. And so I often will encourage young dangerous sometimes. But mainly, don’t put pressure on yourself. edy better. But it is a privilege to the single best thing that we’ve people … to think big and not let be able to do something about it. done here, by far, is the Step-Up peer pressure intimidate them to summer job program—where over think they can achieve something prescriptions around the neigh- And the good part of that is it You wear your love for Minne- time, we’ve taken 16,000 high big. borhood. And I got the chance at taught me a little bit about how apolis on your sleeve. Why is this school students, 86 percent kids of that point to go up to front doors the world is your oyster. You can city so special to you? color, 93 percent kids in poverty, It’s a bit of a strange goal for of homes, to see people who were make it how you want it to be. There are people who live places 50 percent immigrants and gotten someone so young. Why did in very different circumstances In retrospect, I probably should and people who are of a place. I’m them quality summer jobs. I’m you want to be mayor of than I was. That experience has have taken much more advantage the second. The opportunity to get fully convinced that by the time Minneapolis? colored why I went into politics of the opportunities I had. And I a job in another place has never I’m retiring, the mayor’s office and I found myself at that age moving and my view about using political just didn’t. I was a poor student. I been on my radar because when it all these office buildings, many of between different worlds. I lived life to close gaps so that others had thought I was dumb. I didn’t think snows, I want to go cross-country the jobs will be populated by this in a middle class neighborhood opportunity. I was going to be able to succeed skiing at Theodore Wirth (Park). very diverse population of young in south Minneapolis. I went to in anything that had to do with When it’s hot, I want to swim in people who’ve come through our Breck, where there were a lot of What was life at Breck like? learning. So I figured I would pour Lake Calhoun. When it’s fall, I Step-Up summer jobs program. people who had some wealth. And It was on most levels a really good it all into (being) the leader, the want to walk down the river road. They’ll now be leading this city. my parents owned a drugstore at time to go to the school. It came organizer. I wish, in retrospect, When it’s spring, I want to walk Chicago and Franklin at a period right after the very open pe- I would have focused more on through the wildflower garden at What’s changed the most where that area was very poor and riod of the ‘60s … and there were language, science and some of Lake Harriet. There’s just so much about you? somewhat violent. I spent a lot of tremendous opportunities for a these things that I now have a real of me that’s fulfilled by the nature Aside from having no gray hair to time crossing boundaries between self-directed student to do a lot. interest in. I think in high school, of this place. The art, the culture, having all gray hair? (Laughs). those worlds. So I’m pretty sure However, I was not self-directed people spend too much time wor- the people. I’ve had seven different I have changed from a person that what began going on in my in class. At all. So I did poorly. But rying about what adults and others careers in one place. I far prefer who needed everyone to like me to head was that I wanted to help I was very self-directed in leader- want them to do, and not enough that to one career in seven differ- one who wants everyone to respect those who had less than I did. ship. So I was president of the about how they can take control of ent places. To really be rooted in a me. Huge difference. You can’t My dad died when I was about student body. I was president of their own life. place has given me the confidence make the tough decisions you have 10, so my mother ran our drug- my class every year except when I to try lots of different things. And to make in this job, especially in store for a couple years. And she was president of the student body. You’ve said that being mayor I’m not sure if I could have done the period that I’ve done it facing fixed up the basement there, so I was editor of the newspaper. I is your dream job. Why do you that in a lot of different cities. some of the crises, and make every- we’d be picked up after school, was captain of the baseball team. enjoy this role so much? one happy. You definitely have to brought down to the basement I started a band. I did everything. This is an amazing opportunity to What’s changed the most about do something that someone won’t after school, eat our dinner at the If you saw the movie “Rushmore,” be able to lead a city that I love, Minneapolis since you became like. restaurant at Chicago and Frank- it’s sort of the story of my life. and be able to focus on things mayor? lin, close the store at 8, and deliver (Laughs). that matter to me. Especially with The single biggest change is that Rybak continued on page 28

March/April 2013 15 Head in the Clouds Diagnosed with terminal cancer, Zach Sobiech grabbed a guitar and penned his heartfelt goodbye to the world

ach Sobiech doesn’t have to go to school. But he wakes up early every morning and Zsits in class anyway. Diagnosed at 14 with Osteosarcoma—a rare and fatal pediatric cancer that starts in the bones and spreads to the rest of the body—Zach has been told by doctors he might not live past this summer. By Simone While most teens groan at the thought of end- Cazares less classes and piles of homework, Stillwater High Woodbury High School brings Zach peace of mind. It’s where he can School hide from the daily tormentor that has robbed him of carefree teenage moments. It’s where life becomes normal again.

“He had to kind of decide how Bothered by hip pain after a Photos by Jennah Benalshaikh to handle it. When you have a run, Zach visited his doctor. With Zach Sobiech began writing songs in the past year, primarily to help with his cancer diagnosis, but also date that … you might not be here no visible break, he was sent to because he hates to “waste time. I always like to be doing something.” beyond this time, you have to de- physical therapy for treatment. cide how you want to spend that But after two months of the pain time,” said Laura Sobiech, Zach’s worsening, Laura knew something “Cancer is rare in children. We In the ‘Clouds’ the two million hit YouTube sen- mom, at their Lakeland home. was really wrong when Zach were not even thinking that. I re- Now, despite three-plus years of sation “Clouds,” a song originally “And Zach had to go through couldn’t even tie his shoes. member looking across the room CAT scans, chemotherapy and written for his girlfriend, Amy that. Especially at the beginning The Sobiech family was not at Zach and thinking, ‘How do I countless medications, the cancer Adamle. of this (school) year. It’s his senior prepared for what MRI results tell him it’s a tumor?” has finally caught up to Zach. Zach uses the song to deal with year. That’s the year, as (teens) would show. Had Zach gone to a specialist While there aren’t any available the reality of his fate—how life know, when you plan your future. “We did the MRI to see if there right away, Laura is confident treatments to put his cancer into is being “ripped right out (of his) Where are you gonna go? And was soft tissue damage, so even at that they would have seen the remission, he still sees a doctor hands,” leaving him little time to Zach doesn’t have that. He had to that point, we’re not even think- tumor in X-rays before it spread twice a week to test new ones. It spend with loved ones and wish- step back and say, ‘OK, what am I ing about a tumor. At all,” Laura to his lungs. However, since isn’t meant to kill the cancer, Zach ing that “if only (he) had a little gonna make this into? How am I said. “So it was like, ‘Wait, it’s only about 400 kids are diag- said, but to see how much his bit more time.” He sings of flying gonna spend this time?’” cancer?’ nosed with Osteosarcoma in the body can tolerate without making into the clouds, leaving his loved United States, “most doctors him feel “really, really sick.” ones behind, and how perhaps, will never see this cancer,” Laura Through all the trials, Zach, “someday I’ll see you again.” Think about a time when you had to deal with said. “A lot of kids end up break- now 17, began writing songs as a “I think I was kind of surprised. think difficult news. Were you able to learn something ing the bone before they even way to deal with his emotions. I had no idea that he was doing spot positive from it? What helped you cope? realize what has happened. And What started off as a request that,” Adamle said. “I really liked it’s still misdiagnosed.” from his guitar teacher has since it, but I also didn’t want to be like, turned into a signature moment— ‘Who did you write this for?’ I

16 threesixtyjournalism.org One of Laura Sobiech’s dunno, ‘Clouds’ is just based on Gaming continued from page 5 atmosphere inside a house is biggest goals has been to raise that.” Ops” is astounding. For instance, always negatively charged, or awareness of pediatric cancer, in “Black Ops 2,” you can see the the person is being abused, especially since Osteosarcoma is so often misdiagnosed. “You Not giving up eye color, hair color and detailed yes, playing these games could see a lot of pink, but not a lot of For Zach, life with a terminal facial features of the person you astronomically increase their yellow,” she said. cancer diagnosis has meant no just killed. So yes, in a lot of ways, chances of carrying out a mass “wasted moments.” you get to “feel” what it’s like to shooting. The person could also Knowing that they’re up against kill someone. Then again, these be socially awkward—the teen time, he said his family—which games feature advanced, non- who never goes to anything or also includes dad, Rob, and three existent weapons, bonuses and hangs out with friends, who siblings—focuses on a “month out powers that you’d never have in always maintains dark, even so that we know we’re able to do real life. While playing, it’s easy suicidal thoughts. it. Three months is a little shaky to separate virtual life from the Also, violence existed long right now. But we still make plans. real world. before video games and other Zach Sobiech and his girlfriend, Amy Adamle, share a happy moment Just not big ones.” However, it does require countries have access to the same inside the Sobiech family’s Lakeland home. Small plans include “open a real emotional investment. titles. Is playing violent video Sundays” at the Sobiech house, or The better I am at a game, the games a red flag? Maybe. But iso- a “pot of soup kinda thing,” where better I will feel, which leads to lating everyone from these games hear zach perform Click on this story at family and friends can stop by more exponential satisfaction. won’t solve the problem. www.threesixtyjournalism.org to watch videos of Zach Sobiech unannounced, Laura said. Because so many gamers love to • • • performing “Clouds” and a new track, “Fix Me Up.” These days, there’s always some- play, leaderboards spring up and I look back at my TV. I keep my thing to catch up on. we all try to beat each other’s eye on the leaderboard. Zach’s album, “Fix Me Up,” was scores. That’s a major driving Jake has just achieved a kill FInding peace through Music released in February and is being force when deciding whether to streak of 31, topping my high of To learn more about the Zach Sobiech Osteosarcoma Fund, visit www. promoted nationally by music turn on the Xbox or not. Even 28. childrenscancer.org/zach. Donors who give $20 or more will receive a rights giant BMI. The family even if, in the end, it only means that I have to go back and beat him. copy of Zach’s album, which features studio and acoustic versions of the received a trip to New York as I’m skilled at manipulating a I cannot accept being second YouTube hit “Clouds.” part of the signing. controller, it’s good to know place. I have enough XP to buy a Zach has also been accepted to that I’m better than my friends new weapon, but if I kill 76 more didn’t want to be annoying, but encouragement and adult strang- the University of Minnesota for at something. That has personal people, I can level up and unlock I could tell he was writing it for, ers have picked up his tab at fall, another move toward “feeling value to me. the massive Rampage rocket well, me. I don’t like saying that restaurants. In January, Zach was normal,” at least as Zach under- Now, some researchers say that launcher. because it seems kind of obnox- a featured guest at 89.3 The Cur- stands it. playing these games directly cor- But it’s also 11 p.m. and I’m ious. But I was really touched by rent’s star-studded birthday bash “We’re always hoping for a relates to mass killings, as almost tired. I turn off the Xbox and it. I loved it, obviously.” and he sold out his own concert miracle. You know, for something every mass shooter “enjoyed” think about how I’ve spent the For Zach, writing “Clouds” was fundraiser at the Varsity Theater a to happen so he would be able to some degree of virtual violence last few hours. What if someone like penning a personal journal month later. go to college,” Laura said. “But it before carrying out a real life act. actually killed 76 people and it entry. It just happened that the “It’s very strange, but it’s also just doesn’t look like that’s going As a teenager who plays every- was all over the news the next rest of the world could see the great,” he said. “Especially around to happen right now.” thing from “Black Ops 2” and morning? I find myself contem- pages when he was asked to play here. People will always stop to That doesn’t mean Zach is giv- “Halo 4” to “FIFA Soccer 13” plating this more and more often. his song during an interview with say, ‘Hi, Zach.’ They’re all sup- ing up just yet. While fighting the and “Angry Birds,” I strongly feel But I am not a killer. Nor will local radio station KS95. portive.’ unimaginable, Zach has learned that the chances of me becom- I ever become one. I play games Since then, “Clouds” has blown “My theory is that everyone has that he’s a lot stronger than he ing a mass shooter are slim. My for entertainment, but not for up and reached audiences all over some amount of pain in their life. thought and isn’t a “huge wimp.” friends, who also play these the thrill of seeing people killed. I the world—“six continents,” Zach It’s just a matter of how visible it “I’m going to go as hard as I realistic games, feel the same way enjoy the challenge of any game, proudly boasts. Not that he isn’t is. But everyone has some kind of can,” he said. “I want to be re- about their habits. violent or not. getting enough attention in Min- struggle. Everyone has something. membered as someone who went So what others factors should An Xbox controller will be in nesota. And I think everyone can relate down fighting. Someone who be discussed? To me, you can’t my hands tomorrow night. This Fellow teens have approached to that. A paper cut to someone kept trying until he just couldn’t ignore the environment that time, Jake’s name will not be atop him in public to offer words of else could be surgery for me. So I anymore.” a person is living in. If the the leaderboard.

March/April 2013 17 When the Smoke Clears...

rettes a day. While only a few teens having trouble focusing. greatest access to Sobriety High’s most teens think pot is were interviewed for this article, “I was 16 when I made the resources. no big deal, but Will a their views serve as a fair measure active decision not to smoke. I Housed in an office complex, of attitudes and concerns. love to learn and to think actively, the school’s plain exterior is de- short-term high lead to Danny, the self-described “King so I quit,” he said, also citing the ceiving. Whether it’s the colorful of Weed,” has been smoking nearly “shady, hush-hush lifestyle” as a and inspiring quotes written on long-term damage? daily since tenth grade. A senior major deterrent. classroom walls, or a student- and St. Paul resident, he supports drawn mural in the main hallway or the better part of a year, getting high was legalization of marijuana use in Temptation remains the only priority for Aaron. Minnesota, but not only because Though he had a negative expe- F With long hair swished over his baby face, he enjoys smoking it. rience with marijuana, Dylan the 14-year-old student at Sobriety High in Burns- “If you’re going to smoke pot, admitted that he could be tempted An often unspoken, ville spoke with measured maturity about his addic- you’re going to smoke pot whether again if everyone around him was tion to marijuana. it’s legal or not,” he said. “It should using. He’s opposed to legaliza- and perhaps “All that was going through my head was, ‘Where By Simeon be legal, because since it’s currently tion because he thinks it would underestimated, can I get money? Where can I get pot? Where can I Lancaster not regulated by the government, increase exposure among teens and get high?’” Aaron said. “My top priority was getting PSEO student you have a bunch of dealers with young adults. aspect of marijuana high. Top of the list. Over everything.” at Concordia weed, and all you need to buy At Sobriety High, Aaron Aaron’s frequent use led to a drop in grades, University, St. Paul weed is $20. If it’s regulated by echoed those sentiments. Much of use is the lifestyle the destruction of family relationships and a daily government, it would be harder the risk in returning to a con- associated with routine consumed by smoking weed. His behavior eventually led to a to get for younger-aged kids who ventional high school involves suspension after school officials caught him with a pipe and lighter. Sober shouldn’t be smoking pot. They peer pressure that can drag down frequent weed for close to 90 days now, Aaron is on the slow path to recovery at Sobriety don’t know what they’re getting a former user. Aaron is honest High, a charter school centered on providing a safe environment and into.” about marijuana’s power over his smoking. continuing education for teens recovering from drug use. There is more in play than keep- self-control, especially if smoking ing pot away from young first- it becomes legal. What do teens think? timers. An often unspoken, and “If someone is smoking right in depicting a path that leads from a The recent legalization of cannabis Editor’s note: To protect perhaps underestimated, aspect of front of me and passes me a joint, dark and torturous hell to a sunny for recreational purposes in Colo- privacy, ThreeSixty Journalism marijuana use is the lifestyle associ- that’s going to be a lot tougher to field, Sobriety High provides a rado and Washington has sparked has changed names or is only ated with frequent weed smoking. resist,” he said. feeling of security and trust. conversation among teens about using the first name of Dylan, who did not want any Aaron isn’t alone in this strug- While not a traditional high the future of Minnesota’s laws. teenagers in this story. other details about his identity gle. He is one of 30 high school school, the campus serves a unique Some claim that legalization used in this story, caved to peer students recovering from drug ad- role by combining elements of would only lead to health issues mately 10 percent of all Minnesota pressure and tried pot early in high diction at Sobriety High Alliance therapy with traditional education. and more use by teens like Aaron, ninth graders and 15 percent of school. Now he is firmly against Academy in Burnsville. Every morning, all 30 students whereas advocates argue that all seniors had used marijuana or legalization. The Burnsville branch is one assemble in a ring of chairs meant legalizing marijuana in Minnesota hashish in the previous 30 days. “I looked at myself and the of two Sobriety High campuses. to foster a close, family-like atmo- would remove the real problem, In interviews and the Student people I was hanging out with. I The other is in Coon Rapids. The sphere. The rest of the day is spent the underground lifestyle required Survey, teens said they viewed us- didn’t like the atmosphere and the majority of Sobriety High’s stu- passing the open kitchen and hall because using pot is illegal. ing marijuana once or twice a week people around me,” he said. Dylan dents are white males, which does lockers on the way to small classes According to the 2010 Min- as less harmful than binge drinking also noticed that his memory not represent the entire teen drug for subjects like English and math. nesota Student Survey, approxi- or smoking a pack or more of ciga- wasn’t as sharp and that he was population, only those who have Marijuana continued on page 20

18 threesixtyjournalism.org Illustration by Raul Molina

approve such a change without proposal to amend the city charter juana bill in 2000. However, even COULD MINNESOTA BE NEXT? support from law enforcement of Minneapolis. The goal, Hanna as public opinion polls continue officials. said, is for police to make mari- to show support for pro-marijuana ith votes considered unthinkable a juana its lowest crime priority or legislation—as much as 58 percent decade ago, residents of Colorado and Medical fight first remove city penalties for minor of registered U.S. voters surveyed WWashington are free to breathe in new At a January meeting for Min- possession. by Public Policy Polling of North freedoms thanks to the legalization of marijuana last nesota NORML, about 30 At the state level, Minnesota Carolina—some Minnesota legis- November—a first in the United States. people—mostly 40-to-50-year-old NORML is supporting Minne- lators remain unconvinced. The statewide referendums weren’t close, either. men, including one wearing a shirt sotans for Compassionate Care, a A notable part of any new In Colorado, it passed 55 percent to 45 percent. In By Mary with the slogan, “God grows it, I coalition of organizations, medical medical marijuana proposal is that Washington, the margin was slightly larger. Meehan smoke it”—gathered at the Black professionals, patients and citizens its use would be limited to a list Though medical marijuana use is legal in 18 states Delano High Forest Inn in Minneapolis to elect who favor medical marijuana use. of specific diagnoses or illnesses, and the District of Columbia, recreational legaliza- School new officials, discuss strategies and “We’re hoping in 2014 to get for example Post-Traumatic Stress tion of pot in two states marks an important mo- collect donations. The group, part the medical marijuana bill passed,” Disorder, HIV/AIDS and various ment for the pro-cannabis movement. of a national organization that has Hanna said. “And then six months forms of cancer, said Heather Azzi, several locally-run NORML chap- after that, every single state legisla- director of Minnesotans for Com- Could Minnesota inhale the Minnesota NORML (National ters, boasts about 2,500 members tor and the governor are all up for passionate Care. Regulation would same momentum and contemplate Organization for the Reform of in Minnesota, Hanna said. re-election. So our goal is to be also require that qualified patients a trip of its own in 2013? Mari- Marijuana Laws), a grassroots Though Minnesota NORML’s highly organized, to have a politi- receive an ID card. juana advocates hope so. group that favors legalizing mari- ultimate goal is to spur passage cal action committee, have a lot of “I felt that it was unjust for our “The plan would be to support a juana use. of medical and recreational use money, and to be able to influ- laws to threaten the family of a (medical marijuana) initiative first “Then we can move to focusing legislation statewide, Hanna un- ence the upcoming legislative and person suffering and fighting for … and get a bill passed for those on the recreational aspect … prob- derstands that “smaller steps will gubernatorial election.” their life with criminal penalties who are sick and dying right now,” ably for 2016.” increase our chances.” In Minnesota, the path will like- for doing nothing more than what said Kurtis Hanna, the newly One major roadblock? Gov. The organization is focused ly “mimic Colorado,” Hanna said, the patient’s doctor recommend- appointed executive director of Mark Dayton says he wouldn’t on building public support for a which first passed a medical mari- Legislation continued on page 20

March/April 2013 19 Legislation continued from page 19 Marijuana continued ed,” said Azzi, an attorney who has from page 18 also helped draft legislation with At the center of it all is Judi the Marijuana Policy Project, a Hanson, the director of com- national lobbying group. munity and family outreach As for legislative and law enforce- who has called Sobriety High ment support, Azzi said she’s opti- home for 21 years. mistic about a medical marijuana Hanson’s previous work at bill passing the Minnesota Legisla- a treatment center gave her ture in 2014. Information about the an intimate look at teen drug proposed bill will be released in the abuse. At Sobriety High, she coming weeks, she said. acts as a sort of motherly advi- sor to many of the recovering Future battles students. Hanson knows all the Carol Falkowski, principal at Drug teens by name as they pop in Abuse Dialogues, a Minnesota- and out of her front office. based business that delivers educa- “We’ve tried to make it the tion training workshops about Illustration by Angela Brooks one place where a student can drugs, is opposed to any pro-pot come from treatment and have changes locally. a safe place to have an educa- Citing widespread use of alcohol case study: COlorado tion,” she said. by U.S. teens even though it’s illegal While explaining her opposi- How did Colorado recently pass recreational mari- they approved it by 10, a serious political machine for anyone under 21, she believes tion to legalization, Hanson juana legislation and what does it mean? replaced silly publicity stunts. the same result would happen if pulled in several passing stu- Under Colorado’s new Amendment 64, it is legal For pro-marijuana advocates, that meant marijuana gets legalized on any dents to ask about their experi- for people 21 and older to use marijuana, to possess dedicated phone banking, neighborhood ence with marijuana. Without level. As for medical use, Falkowski up to one ounce of marijuana and grow up to six canvassing, demographic-targeted messaging said that Marinol, an oral medica- marijuana plants. It is also legal for an adult to give and polished advertising. Or, as the Post cited, fail, each student talked about tion derived from THC, the active marijuana to another adult. “reframing the debate around marijuana from one the ease and comfort of smok- ingredient in marijuana, could However, recreational marijuana sales can still about getting high to one about law-enforcement ing weed at an early age, some legally be prescribed to treat nau- only occur through licensed pot shops, which can and budgetary policy.” as young as 12. sea, vomiting and loss of appetite in open starting in 2014. Public use is still prohib- It’s also important to note that because mari- When they started smoking, cancer and HIV patients. ited—meaning no private buildings, rental properties, juana use remains illegal under federal law, residents most felt like Aaron did: “It’s “I see no pros that can outweigh schools, parks, sidewalks, etc. In fact, about the only of Colorado (and Washington, where similar legisla- a plant that grows from the the cons,” said Falkowski, a former place someone can smoke marijuana 100 percent tion passed in November) could technically still be ground, so it can’t hurt you.” drug abuse strategy officer who legally is in a home that they own. arrested for lighting up. However, President Obama has given professional workshops According to the Denver Post, in the six years recently said the federal government does not plan Long term effects on drug prevention in the United between when Colorado voters rejected marijuana to “focus on recreational drug users in a state that Which leads to another key States, Canada, Mexico and Eu- legalization by 18 percentage points and when has already said that, under state law, that is legal.” point in the fight to legal- rope, along with testimony to U.S. ize marijuana: The medical Congressional committees. benefits. “Using it affects learning and cog- public opinion battles take shape for humans to have the experience derstanding, more mindfulness and Since marijuana can be used nition and emotional development. over the next four years. of cannabis. I truly believe that it a desire to have a more comprehen- to treat pain and nausea for (Underage users) in treatment for “Not only is it a civil injustice— leads to more empathy, more un- sive understanding of unity.” cancer and some other illnesses, marijuana use are not there due to and I’m definitely a large propo- many teens consider pot to be its legal status, but due to the fact nent of personal liberties—I firmly relatively harmless. In health that it is an addictive drug.” believe we should have the freedom Do you think that the Minnesota Legislature classes, teens are bombarded Hanna has a different appre- to do to one’s body what we will think should approve medical or recreational use of with warnings about cigarettes ciation for the “marijuana experi- and maintain a right to privacy. spot marijuana? What pros and cons do you see? without nearly as much atten- ence.” He views 2013 as crucial for But I also believe in a moral judg- tion to weed. gathering support as legislative and ment,” Hanna said. “It’s beneficial But according to a study of

20 threesixtyjournalism.org marijuana users in New Zealand That “lifestyle” choice may be Mascots continued from page 7 rough features and that same sad that was released last year, smok- Since marijuana where the greatest divide occurs Native Americans would like to excuse of a headdress. ing marijuana is causing long term can be used to treat among teens who’ve used. forget. Or maybe you’ll see a darkly damage to intelligence. Both Danny, who smokes weed I’m certain that Redskins fans tanned male with a huge grin and The study released by the Na- pain and nausea proudly, and Dylan, who gave up dressing up for football games a loincloth, or worse, a native boy tional Academy of Sciences tested pot when it clouded his thinking, don’t realize that the name with bared teeth and a dirty face the IQ of people between the ages for cancer and some are clear about the influence mari- symbolizes a time when Native representing a savage. The whole of seven and 13. They were tested other illnesses, many juana has had in their lives. Aaron American skin was sold in local thing is a joke. again at 38. Those who smoked is caught in the middle—trying to markets, and how the name Yet the stereotypes persist. pot more frequently experienced teens consider pot get his life on track, but fully aware sprouted from the blood-dyed When a kid meets someone with a drop between one and six IQ that outside the safety of Sobriety flesh. They’ve probably forgot- Native blood, that’s who they’ll points over time. That’s big enough to be relatively High, he could end up in the same ten how this country’s original expect to meet. to affect performance at school and harmless. dead end. inhabitants were nearly driven to My grandmother, Shan- work. “I never really realized I was extinction by excessive slave work non Crossbear, takes this issue “I have both personally and pro- hurting my family and my friends and tortuous wars. especially hard. When we’ve fessionally seen that weed has not until I got sober. My parents were talked about our Native American enhanced or added to anyone’s life be way up here. The second time, talking about how much money Right way, wrong way heritage, she breaks down at the or growth,” Hanson said. “It robs you’re going to be chasing that high I stole from them and how much The middle school I attended thought of our ancestors’ skin on you of running on all four burners.” feeling. The only reason you keep they spent on me just to get sober,” was called “Keewaydin” (North), a wall for sale. As tears ran down Then again, how many teens are using is because you want to get up Aaron said. partnering with “Winonah” (First her face, she explained how hor- concerned about their IQ in 25 to that place.” For Danny, the positives of mari- Born Daughter), as the Lake rible these mascot names make years? Compared to the photo- For Aaron, though, it was never juana use outweigh the negatives. Nokomis community schools. her feel. graph of a lung blackened from about excitement. Weed brought He isn’t shy about acknowledging The mascots were the Eagles and After seeing her cry, I wondered years of cigarette abuse, a potential the one thing he craved most as a the costs, but is happy to say that Chipmunks, both animals that if we were the only country that drop in IQ from marijuana use teenager: Acceptance. weed gives him exactly what he resonate strongly (as most do) had this kind of problem. Where might not register as forcefully. “Everyone I looked up to was wants out of life. with Native Americans. we put down an entire culture “Yeah, I’ve thought about the doing it. I never fit in with a group, “I was a straight A student my When supporters of Native and slap offensive images on mer- health ramifications of smoking and I saw it as an opportunity to fit freshman and sophomore year,” names talk about honor, this is chandise for sports teams. weed, but I knew what I was get- in. And it was,” he said. Danny said. “I would look at the what they should be referring to. And coaches or students have ting into,” Danny—the “King of However, instead of being stoners and be like, ‘Why would It’s an example of a school that the audacity to say, “We just Weed”—said after being told of the welcomed into a group of close you ever want to do that?’ I never has respect for the Native Ameri- didn’t know.” study. “To a habitual smoker, that friends, Aaron’s need for accep- imagined that I would be one. can culture and still has the aspect Ultimately, it shows how little won’t mean a lot.” tance became his weakness. It led Now I see life in a completely of honor by using Ojibwe names. we learn about Native American So if teens are aware of the to, perhaps, the harshest truth of all different way. I like to change my But even then, a lot of neigh- history. Perhaps a history class dangers and negative effects of about his addiction. perspective in life … It’s all about boring schools would disparage could be taught in schools and smoking, why smoke at all? “I would buy a bunch of weed, the experience. our name and talk about how prevent these stereotypes from Dylan—the former short-time and sit down and smoke it all with “For some people, it isn’t. If you “poor” we were as a school. That passing generation to generation. user—said he’s heard a lot of rea- my friends. I was the most gener- want to go to Duke, don’t smoke always hurt my pride. Being I’d also like to see the Oregon ban sons: “It feels good.” “I can’t sleep ous person ever,” he said. “That was pot. I’m all about understand- disrespectful wasn’t the way I was extend to other states. at night,” “It helps me concentrate” the weirdest thing. I was so nice to ing things rather than being that raised. At our Native powwows, Continuing to accept Native and perhaps simplest of all, “It’s these people and still got treated perfect kid. If you want to be super we see all racial backgrounds— American mockery only shows fun.” like crap. It goes to show you successful, don’t smoke pot. If you light and dark—coming together. ignorance. The world is evolving, “I would say 75 percent of the they’re not really your friends.” want to be mediocre in life and It never mattered to us. As long yet these stereotypes remain the experience is the adrenaline rush,” have a new experience, smoke pot.” as non-Natives respected us, we same. Danny said. “You say, ‘Holy crap! Lifestyle choices Aaron has a new path in mind. respected them. Is the name “Redskins” that This is illegal and I’m doing this Aaron’s experience is something He plans to stay at Sobriety High The false image is what bothers important to you and your sports right now!’ It makes you feel great.” Hanson has seen time and time to finish his high school education me most, though. For instance, superstitions? To me, there’s a At Sobriety High, Aaron lifts his again, a bit more frequently among and obtain a diploma. comparing a flimsy mascot head- bigger tradition worth acknowl- hand high above his head: “The males who view pot smoking as “I hope to stay sober and live dress to a real one. Or seeing a edging. first time you use, you’re going to more of a “social activity.” every day like it’s my last,” he said. Native man with bright red skin,

March/April 2013 21 Bridging the Gap He’s older and in college. She’s too young to be in love. Can the relationship work?

(Guys age)/2+7= (Girls age)

nofficially, this formula on Urban Diction- ary is used by teens to find the appropriate Uage cut off when it comes to dating. Based on the formula, a 21-year-old could date someone as young as 17, an 18-year-old could be with a 16-year old, and a 16-year-old with a 15-year-old. Having a partner who is much older or younger By Calista Illustration by Jaslyne Molina has become somewhat trendy in today’s celebrity- Dunbar obsessed culture, perhaps even more so among St. Paul Central dent. “I’m pretty sure it would’ve guys away from his daughter, or young adults. High School been a different story if my dad something like that.” caught on first. But (my mom) But are there greater risks to ways to calm down and convince surprisingly understood. Females mature faster consider with a large age gap herself about her own abilities,” “She did warn Ethan about what Throughout the 2000s, the between partners? Bennett said. would happen if he broke my heart longitudinal Toledo Adolescent Ethan Bennett, 26, and Mia “But as we got to know each and what she would allow her hus- Relationships Study by Peggy Thompson, 18, haven’t been other more, we found we had a band to do to him if he did. She Giordano proposed that girls tend affected by an eight-year differ- lot in common, such as spending didn’t jump to conclusions like I to be more mature in relationships ence—two years more than the hours reading a book in Barnes & (thought) she would’ve. Her voice because of the intimate bonds they formula’s appropriate “cut off age.” Noble and bowling with friends at was soft and calm … as she asked commonly develop with same-sex The pair met on the University of night. Even our majors, or in her questions.” peers. Female maturity, both emo- Minnesota campus, which offered case future major, were alike. I was The couple has been together tional and physical, is often two a free SAT prep session led by col- studying to be an E.M.T and she for two years and never thinks years ahead of their same age male lege students. wanted to be a nurse. During those about their age difference. counterparts, the study said. Teen Bennett, a senior in college, eight weeks, it wasn’t uncommon “To be honest, if (Mia) never boys also expressed less confidence Submitted Though Mia Thompson (left) is and Thompson, a junior in high for her parents to see me around told me her age, I would have in navigating relationships than eight years younger than her school, didn’t think about dating her, but as we began to grow thought that she was close to the girls of the same age. boyfriend Ethan Bennett, the each other when they first met. closer, it was her mom that noticed same age as me,” Bennett said. That helps explain what is fairly couple’s common interests keep “I remember that we were paired first and confronted us.” They both scoffed at the notion of common knowledge—age gap them from caring about an age up as study buddies for the eight- “It wasn’t as bad as you think,” a “dating formula.” relationships among teens tend difference. week session. In the beginning I Thompson said about her parents’ ”That’s rich, really rich. I can’t to be between older males and only thought about teaching Mia reaction to dating a college stu- believe that someone made younger females. The two-year The elephant in the room, of something like that …,” Bennett age gap pattern also shows up in course, is sex. Societal expecta- said before trailing off in a fit of adulthood, with the average age of tions tend to dictate that the older What would you say to a friend whose laughter. marriage for women at 25 or 26, male-younger female dynamic think behavior has changed because of a “I’d bet a parent made it,” and for men at 27 or 28, said Ann will create one-sided pressure, and spot relationship? Thompson joked. “Most likely Meier, an associate professor in the perhaps, submissiveness. the father. (He) probably thought Department of Sociology at the “In terms of it being problemat- that this would help keep older University of Minnesota. Age gap continued on page 28

22 threesixtyjournalism.org next chance I got, I traded it in for ized songs. If you join the cheer- time growing up. For awhile, it The Miami Way “The Twilight Saga.” leading squad, that means you almost felt like I was regressing to When I turned 12, I got invited better be comfortable with pulling a younger age. But now I’m OK to my first ever party. Everyone your skirts up high and perform- with where I’m at. When growing up, what talked about it at school for a ing suggestive dance-offs in front I’ve never felt pressured to month, so I was definitely excited. of boys to get their attention. grow up here. In Miami, one day happens in Miami should I remember walking in and hear- Nobody really knows what it’s you’re having sleepovers and the ing “I’m in Miami (Expletive)” like to be a normal kid growing up next you’re writing notes about stay in Miami by LMFAO blasting from the at a normal pace because, well, that who you want to sleep with. Here, speakers. It was like entering a late is their normal. So you have a clear you’re able to act your age, even if ichard and Simone, sittin’ in a tree, night club scene on TV where divide between what’s right and that means singing songs on the K-I-S-S-I-N-G! First comes love, next everyone is sweaty and sexual, what’s wrong. And what’s right is bus with friends, baking cookies, “Rcomes marriage, then comes a baby in grabbing and groping each other never, ever what’s cool. having snowballs fights or seeing the baby carriage!” to the thumping bass. Her parents During that same magical year the new “Harry Potter” movie Those are the taunts my best friend Richard and I were there, but I guess they didn’t of turning 12, I somehow man- while dressed as a favorite char- dealt with throughout elementary school in Miami. see anything wrong with it. Then aged to convince my parents to let acter. I can also focus on music Sound familiar? By Simone again, it’s normal to dance like that me have a Facebook account. We and writing, two of my favorite We hung out all the time—trading Pokémon Cazares in Miami, even for 11 and 12-year were moving to Minneapolis at the pastimes, without worrying what cards, playing soccer, seeing who could swing the Woodbury High olds. time, so I wanted to stay in touch other teens think of me. highest, you name it—to the point of being practi- School The sexual behavior didn’t stop with all of my friends. Things are changing though, cally inseparable. We were close friends and nothing there. Groping, or “scooping” as In the course of a year, almost and not always in a bad way. more. But I guess some of our classmates didn’t get that. we called it, would take place in all of the friends that I thought Teens are expected to date more hallways if a boy liked a girl or just I knew had completely changed in high school. In some ways, it In fourth grade, our class had Growing up fast thought they were “hot.” Despite their looks and personalities. feels like childhood is slipping a history lesson about the Virgin After that incident, things several class lectures about staying Everyone grew up. I began to see away, and soon I’ll have to face Islands. Richard and I were changed. We both started paying away from someone’s “swimsuit Facebook pages splattered with adulthood. But I’m taking ad- hanging out after school when more attention to what class- area,” there was no stopping it. You racy photos of girls in skimpy vantage of my surroundings and our classmate, Alex, walked by mates were saying, and honestly, constantly had to watch your back. bikinis and guys with their shirts refusing to let myself feel rushed and said, “I’m going to get a ho- it started to bother us. Why were Then there were the notes. Now, off, trying to showcase their abs. by the process. tel on the Virgin Islands, and if we automatically viewed as the kids pass notes in class all the time. One girl, who apparently was At 15, I know I have my whole I don’t hear you know going on, school`s “cutest couple?” We But these were … different. trying to be cool, created a group life ahead of me. When the right then I’m going to kick you out.” weren’t even dating. Why couldn’t These notes were sexually ex- called “Mexicans are sexy.” She time comes, I know I’ll be ready I don’t remember what we we be Richard and Simone? plicit messages between students, would send me invite after invite for a relationship. said back to him, or if we said That was just the beginning, with details that were graphic to join the group and I would I’m particularly relieved for my anything at all. After he walked though. In sixth grade, I switched enough to get some expelled. Were decline. I un-friended her by sister, who is 13 and finishing up away, we looked at each other schools, and for awhile, things students sexually active at 12? To year’s end. her last year of middle school. I in astonishment, trying to make were great. Being the new kid in a my knowledge, nobody was ready often think about how different sense of what was said, and more small school makes you the shiny, to go that far. But of course, if you ‘Starting over’ middle school was for me. When importantly, why he said it. special toy everyone wants to wanted to be cool, you had to talk It’s why I’m often reminded of we moved here, she was entering Eventually, Richard got up play with. But when the atten- the talk. what a classmate said to me before sixth grade, and although she still and told one of the teach- tion started to fade, that’s when I I left for Minnesota three years wishes she could be in Miami, I ers. Next thing you know, our noticed how different I was from Not so normal ago. “You’re so lucky you’re mov- think it’s better that she wasn’t parents had been called and all everybody else. If all of this seems to suggest that ing,” she told me. “You get to start exposed to the environment that three of us were in the princi- When we had to bring in a Miami is like a separate country over and be whoever you want to I saw. pal’s office. book to read for class, I chose compared to everywhere else in be. I would give anything for that.” Yes, I still hear her talk about In the end, Alex got away “Little House on the Prairie” the United States, well, you’d be She was right. I am lucky. boys, the cute shoes she bought with a long lecture and deten- while every other girl had a right to think that. When I moved to Minnesota, I and sleepover plans with her tion. We, however, lost a part of romance or vampire novel. I im- There, teens grow up watching wasn’t really sure what to expect. friends. our innocence we could never mediately felt embarrassed and “Kourtney and Khloe Take Mi- The biggest thing I’ve noticed is But it’s done in a normal way. get back. tried to hide the book cover. The ami” and listening to over-sexual- that kids here tend to take their Not the Miami way.

March/April 2013 23 I introduced myself as Freddy Clemente. Identity Search think What does your last name say about This is the name that would you? Does it make you proud of your bring pride to my family. This is spot cultural heritage? A quest for the perfect what my mom wanted. Or so I thought. last name fosters an even During a recent attendance check in school, the teacher called terms with “defining” myself in The first thing you have to greater discovery out my last name as McConnell. some easily explainable way. understand is that there are two Because of the confusion, all So, what does it mean to be types of Ricans—by blood and s you can see next to this essay, my last name eyes immediately turned to me. Puerto Rican? by location. Ricans by blood are is McConnell. That’s when one of my classmates That’s where my mom comes known to have Taino blood (na- A Except it’s actually Thomas. rudely said, “You little liar. I knew in. She’s been my ultimate teacher. tive ancestry). Ricans by location Or is it Clemente? your name wasn’t Clemente.” I Together, we watch YouTube vid- are determined by where they were I don’t blame you for being confused. I’ve felt the was about to explain why I had eos about Rican culture and she’ll born, but neither parent has Taino same way these past couple of months. been introducing myself with point out the stereotypes that ancestry. It’s the equivalent of liv- I was born with the last name McConnell. Says By Frederick that name, but I would have only exist, good and bad. ing in Minnesota and being called so on all my personal records, and will be that way McConnell ended up feeling like a fake. The biggest way she’s given me a Minnesotan, but actually being for the rest of my life unless I legally change it as an St. Paul Feeling unsettled about my an appreciation for my heritage born in Florida. adult. Conservatory of racial identity is something I’ve is by cooking traditional food Tainos were also the natives But my mom always told me that family tradition Performing Arts wrestled with ever since I was like Albondigas Con Salsa Verde who inhabited the islands in the is important. And deep down, I knew that McCon- young. (meatballs with green sauce), Caribbean. In fact, this particular nell wasn’t representative of our heritage. I was never a Rican outside of Tostones (fried green plantains group of natives was called Caribs. McConnell is my step-grandfather’s last name. He isn’t my mom’s my home because people always with salt), Fritas de Pollo (chicken While different tribes lived in father, but instead, the father of her half-siblings. However, because he assumed that by having brown— with fries) and Besitos de Coco scattered parts of North and South married my grandmother and is listed as my mom’s father, she has his last not black skin—and the last name (coconut kisses). She also teaches America, a lot of physical simi- McConnell that I was automati- traditional dances like Plena, larities existed. That’s why a large name of McConnell. expressed that we should promote cally African American. Ricans Bomba and Salsa, while opening number of Latinos who came from So you see, it is, but it isn’t our our family heritage more, I turned also aren’t widely known to live in my ears to Caribbean music styles, neighboring tribes look so similar. last name. to arguably the greatest Puerto Minnesota, plus whenever I speak, particularly Reggaeton. I could recite more facts about Tommy Thomas is my biological Rican baseball player who ever I don’t have a deep Rican accent. Yes, I’ve even been known to food, dancing, baseball, Puerto Ri- grandfather and he was Puerto Ri- lived—Roberto Clemente. Now, I wouldn’t want to have play the Congas (bongos) while co’s status as a U.S. commonwealth can. Except for reasons I’d rather I knew exactly what this last been known as “that one Puerto my younger sister, Tianna, dances or popular holidays like Three not go into—and don’t have time name would accomplish, that Rican kid,” either. But that’s around in her flower dress. Kings/Wisemen Day. But what’s to explain—he changed his last when people heard Clemente, they mainly because I’d rather not even I realized that the only way I most important is the realization I name often. So it doesn’t have the would think of me as a Puerto have race be my defining charac- could educate others about my came to about my heritage. best or most authentic association Rican. Sure enough, friends and teristic in the first place. heritage was to educate myself. So Turns out having a Rican sound- for my family. strangers would ask whether we Because it’s always an issue— I’ve been learning as much as I can ing last name like Clemente isn’t I tried to find our traditional were related, or at least get the full kids asking, “What are you? What about my ethnicity and what it what my mom wanted. I’m Rican last name, but didn’t have any suc- scope of me as a Rican whenever are you?”—I’ve had to come to means to be Puerto Rican. because it’s in my blood. That’s cess. That’s when I came up with a what she wanted me to embrace. solution. So whether I choose to in- If you receive a friend request ...There are two types of Ricans—by blood and by location. Ricans troduce myself as McConnell, from me on Facebook, don’t ex- Thomas or Clemente, deep down, pect to see either Freddy McCon- by blood are known to have Taino blood (native ancestry). Ricans by I have to be comfortable with how nell or Freddy Thomas. On social I see myself, nothing else. media and at school, I’m Freddy location are determined by where they were born, but neither parent After all, ethnicity isn’t a choice. Clemente. As I’ve come to learn these past I’m of Puerto Rican descent, has Taino ancestry. It’s the equivalent of living in Minnesota and few months, it’s a gift to explore and proud of it. So when my mom being called a Minnesotan, but actually being born in Florida. and have fun with.

24 threesixtyjournalism.org Cold? What Cold? Winter biking leads to crazy adventures, plenty of frozen toes

f you think 20 degrees is balmy, you know you’re from Minnesota. If you think that’s a good tem- Iperature for a bike ride, you know you’re crazy. Fortunately—or unfortunately, depending on how you look at it—I’m crazy. I have biked on top of Lake Calhoun, Minnehaha Creek and in temperatures as low as eight degrees. By Grace This has gone on for the past two winters and already Pastoor I have some interesting adventures under my belt. University of Why do I do this? I have a few theories. Maybe it’s St. Thomas because I like wondering if my toes are still attached to my body. Or possibly because I don’t have a driver’s license and it’s the only way I can get around. Submitted photos Adventurous, yes. Crazy, maybe. Grace Pastoor enjoys a brisk winter bike ride throughout Minneapolis, not to I also like to spend time with my dad, even though I always have him mention the chair lounging that comes with being on the ice. ride ahead of me. If the ice can hold him, it’s safe for me, right? patch of ice, you can hit a patch My dad’s a bicycle nut and stay warm. Also, if you’re going to of dry leaves. It’ll lead to the same riding together is one of the best ride in below zero temperatures, crash.” ways to spend time with him. He you’ll want goggles so the liquid in Despite the cost, winter cycling has three bikes, and wants more. your eyeballs won’t freeze. It can is rewarding in its own way. A I only have two, but the one I take at least an hour to get dressed student once asked my dad, a sub- ride in winter is better than all and ready for a bike ride, but the stitute teacher in Edina, if he knew of his combined. It’s a Diamond- preparation is preferable to turn- “that guy who bikes on the creek.” back Overdrive with 29” wheels, ing into a Popsicle after two hours People are impressed when you equipped with Nokian Extreme out in the cold. show up on a bike in the middle of studded tires. In other words, I It’s important to have a separate January. could run over a squirrel and not bike for winter riding because You’re also able to see interest- even notice. the salt on the roads, along with ing things when you go out on top If you haven’t noticed, winter the slush and snow, can corrode of a lake or creek. A month ago, I biking can be very expensive. My brakes and gears. You don’t want was riding with my dad on Min- bike cost 300 dollars at a pawn to put your pretty little road bike nehaha Creek when we found an shop. The tires, a gift, retail at through that kind of trauma. It’s armchair stuck in the ice behind around 100 dollars each. The safe- also a good idea to have wide tires the Meadowbrook apartments. It ty gear is its own problem. I wear for traction. The wider the tires, rise Cyclery in Minneapolis, said you’re invisible.” was nice to be able to take a rest in special insulated pants over regular the more metal studs you can the most important concern when The rules for winter biking are a comfy chair. ones, either a ski or neoprene mask have per wheel. The more studs biking in the winter is to avoid the same as with any other kind of Of course, the exercise is great, and two pairs of gloves. you have, the less likely you are to being run over. cycling. Best of all, “anybody can but my favorite part is finding Interestingly enough, I wouldn’t fall down and end up with your “Bike like the car that’s driving take it up,” McDonald said. unique things that my dad and I suggest a winter jacket. Your torso insides on the outside. next to you doesn’t know you’re “Know your situation and be can talk about for months after- is the only part of you that will Jamie McDonald, owner of Sun- there,” McDonald said. “Bike like careful,” he said. “You can hit a ward.

March/April 2013 25 Whole Lotta ‘Love’ Cloud Cult returns with a new album, same creative ambitions

raig Minowa’s refined tenor tugs at the heartstrings with notable emotion, as fans Ready for ‘Love’ Cof experimental indie band Cloud Cult If two-and-a-half years feels like a know. long gap between albums, it’s the “Nothing here can get in your way,” Minowa sings product of a packed schedule since on “You’re the Only Thing in Your Way,” the open- 2010’s “Light Chasers,” Cloud ing track on Cloud Cult’s newest album, “Love.” By Ibad Jafri Cult’s most commercially success- Recent success has also shown that very little St. Paul ful album and its first to reach the seems to be getting in Cloud Cult’s way these days. Academy and Billboard charts. In the 18 years since Cloud Cult’s inception, Summit School In addition to a fair amount of perhaps the only constant for the eight-member touring, Minowa scored National Minneapolis band has been Minowa’s voice, which alternates seamlessly Geographic’s documentary series, between folksy crooning and agonized howls. The latter is highlighted on “America the Wild,” and along with “Love,” the band’s first new album in close to three years. his wife, Connie (also in the band), welcomed a new baby. Tracks like “Complicated Cre- “Initially, our environmental Touring has also provided Mi- ation” and “The Calling” display criteria were just too high for us to nowa with a refreshed perspective not only Cloud Cult’s lyrical be able to sign with any label, just on the band’s Minnesota roots. expertise, but also the versatility of because during our earlier albums, Submitted “To be in an area that has a thriv- Led by Craig Minowa (center, kneeling), experimental Minneapolis outfit Minowa’s vocals. They further ex- being a green band wasn’t really a Cloud Cult has helped blaze a trail for art-minded, independent bands. ing music and arts scene like the hibit an ability to dwell on widely trendy thing,” Minowa said. “Most Minneapolis-St. Paul area is pretty varying material and instrumenta- of the labels would cut corners as realized “how important it is to huge,” Minowa said. “Being on tour, tion—a point of pride for Minowa. much as they could, and if it would hear more give yourself as much space and it’s interesting how many cities you “The music is really diverse, as cost a nickel more for a CD to have To watch videos and listen to time as you need,” specifically in go to that are of comparable size far as genres go,” he said. “We try to some environmental consciousness, songs off Cloud Cult’s new album regards to the songwriting process. but are struggling a bit more on expose the palate to as many musi- then they wouldn’t want it.” “Love,” visit www.cloudcult.com. For Minowa, it often means getting that level. When you come back cal ingredients as possible. Having Mixing art with commerce usu- inspired in the middle of the night home you feel really proud of where the instrumentation that we have ally forces compromise. But for and jotting an idea down. Once it’s you come from.” right now gives us an opportunity Minowa, “music is a very sacred art finities into a defining spirit that fleshed out, he’ll write guitar and Yet at this point, Minowa is to approach every song a little bit form for me, personally, and with has permeated all its work, leading drum parts before collaborating reserving judgment for “Love.” differently.” Cloud Cult in particular.” to the band’s focus on an overarch- with the band. Released in early March, the album The band isn’t aligned “with any ing, perhaps impossible-to-define “I brought what I had written will be on full display at Cloud ‘Sacred art form’ specific religion, but just a bigger- theme of “Love.” to them last fall and they put their Cult’s next local shows at First Av- Cloud Cult’s mission has long than-us-all kind of picture, and so “For all of the Cloud Cult input into it, told me what could enue and 7th Street Entry on April transcended musicology. The group it felt weird to confine ownership albums there’s been a spiritual be better and how to approach it 27 and 28. is known for its paint-infused live of the songs to a major label that journey, a search for a higher power in a live way,” Minowa said. “In the “You end up putting so much shows and a fearless commitment could then use them as a com- and some meaning in life,” Minowa process of finding out things that time into something, getting so to environmentalism and indepen- mercial product. It feels really nice said. “All the songs are us trying to might (be) better live, we find out close to it and so intimate, that I’m dence via Earthology Records, Mi- to own 100 percent of the music. figure out how to command our things that might work better on still at the point where I don’t yet nowa’s label that developed the first Every song is kind of like one of love and figuring out how to get the recording. know the impacts of the experience,” 100 percent postconsumer recycled our little kids,” he said. the best out of our love.” “For the most part, it’s a very dif- Minowa said. “Hopefully years from CD packaging in the U.S. Cloud Cult has molded its af- After nine albums, Minowa also ferent process from other bands.” now I don’t feel the same.”

26 threesixtyjournalism.org artists were welcome. There were The A-ha! Artist dancers, singers and painters like me. At night, there were dance performances in the streets and all It’s been quite an inspirational types of parties. journey for local artist What was your favorite part of that Africa trip? Ta-Coumba Aiken Well, I participated in a national show there and the whole vibe of nyone familiar with the Twin Cities art Africa made me change my way of scene has likely come across the name Ta- painting. I couldn’t even think of Coumba Aiken. Submitted how to paint anymore. Colors have A Ta-Coumba Aiken’s artwork can be found throughout the Twin Cities A native of Evanston, Ill., Aiken knew he wanted changed since then. I could just to be an artist at the age of three. That early self- and in the private collections of poet Maya Angelou and musicians Taj pick up a paintbrush and just let Mahal and Herbie Hancock. assurance led him on a creative path that has criss- the emotion take control. crossed continents, leading to a sizeable impact in By Nico Machlitt they were. I also saw many portraits The result was that I got to take the One time, I was taking a nap the Twin Cities. Highland Park and jewelry. I went in and asked class, and every time I went into there and when I woke up, I heard As a local artist, arts administrator, educator and Senior High the teacher how much the drawing the art store, it was an art lesson. someone say, “He’s awake. The activist, Aiken’s passion for community outreach class would cost … it was $125. I rock is awake.” The guy later imi- fuels his public art and collaborative projects. He has participated in the brought in my money and signed What personal experiences tated me sleeping, and I was like, creation of more than 300 murals and public art sculptures with themes my name, because you didn’t have had the biggest impact on your “Who is that?” And it was Stevie ranging from local history to his own interpretations of “rhythmic pattern to get your parents’ signature. artwork? Wonder recording me snoring. “I and spirit writing.” The man gave me a drawing pad Well, there was this festival cel- like that beat, I like that beat,” is and some materials, and I saw this ebrating African art and the winner what he said. I looked around and Among his best-known creations the area and he pointed me toward skull of a cow and I just started got to go to Africa. I wanted to go there was this huge line of people are the Jax/Gillette Children’s Minneapolis. I made it to Minne- drawing every shadow. And the to Africa for years, but I just didn’t to say something to him. I felt that Hospital mural, the Minneapolis apolis and I pursued my art from man forgot the class he had started, have the money … When I got I should leave, but he told me Central Library’s tile fireplace and there. I always felt a strong sense of so he came outside and gave me the call from the World Festival to stay. the north side’s Pilot City murals community. Without that strong my money back and told me to go of Black Arts and Culture, I was I remember there was this ab- project. In mid-February, his latest sense of community when I first home. But then he saw my drawing shocked. I thought it was a prank original young lady and her father. public art project at Union Depot started doing my art back in my of the cow skull and ran in and got from one of my artist friends, And I think I have seen his art later in St. Paul broke the Guinness hometown of Evanston, Illinois, I two (other) students. They were all because they knew how badly I in life. He was one of the most World Record for “Largest Picture probably wouldn’t be an artist right confused and they couldn’t figure wanted to go. But the man spoke influential aboriginal artists around Made of Lite Brite,” a play on the now. I also went to Minneapolis out who had done it. They were on the phone and said, “Hello, this Africa. The little 13-year-old girl popular ‘80s toy made of light pegs. College of Art and Design later all shocked that I had done the is Dr. Jeff Donaldson from Howard proceeded to tell Stevie Wonder A natural and gifted storyteller, and continued to create my art. drawing. University and you are invited to about how much she admired him. Aiken shared with ThreeSixty a se- One of the ladies who worked the Second World Festival of Black You could see the way that she lit ries of important “a-ha! moments” Where were the best opportuni- at the artist store walked me home Arts held in Lagos, Nigeria.” I hung up when talking about his albums. that set him on the path to becom- ties to practice art when you because she lived in my neighbor- up the phone. Then he called back And all I could think is, “I want ing a locally beloved artist. were younger? hood. She walked me home and and said the exact same thing, but someone to admire me like that Well, we had summer camps where spoke to my dad, and all I could added, “If you hang up again, I am one day.” How did you end up in the you could make things like lanyards hear was my dad saying, “$125? For going to have to reconsider this Stevie left to go and get more Twin Cities? and things with Popsicle sticks. some drawing class! We’re not pay- offer.” “sounds.” In those days, artists were I went looking for Madison, but I also took a drawing class when ing for that!” The lady replied, “But I apologized and accepted the recording everything. Meeting Ste- wound up in Minneapolis because I was about 11 years old. I saw a we already have the money here in invitation. All of a sudden I was in vie Wonder and having that experi- I drove too far and missed the sign that said “drawing classes,” this envelope.” I told my dad I had Lagos. The festival was for three ence in Africa was life changing. To Madison exit. I asked some man and I saw some drawing styles that gotten the money from my bank weeks and was celebrating all Af- meet all types of people from all in Eau Claire … to point me to the I didn’t know. They were contour account where I put my money rican people from South America, around the world and all types of city with the most black people in drawings, but I didn’t know what from (an earlier) drawing I sold. Cuba, Asia and Russia. All types of artists. My mind was exploding.

March/April 2013 27 pta ching a Pothole Turns out ThreeSixty reporter Maya Shelton-Davies and Mayor R.T. Rybak share a favorite Sebastian Joe’s ice cream flavor. But it isn’t just any flavor, as a convenient name change courtesy of the Mayor’s city- Rybak continued from page 15 mailing my office. But generally, it’s rolled their eyes. When I had 300, wide powers proved. You were one of the first mayors, given me tremendous ability to just I came back and they still rolled “I saw this really good flavor. It had some chocolate in it, some if not the first, to embrace Twit- talk directly to people. I also think, their eyes. When I got 500 friends, marshmallow, some nuts, and then I looked at the name and it said ter. What role has social media right now, that the younger genera- their eyebrows raised a little bit. Nicollet Pothole,” Rybak said, laughing. played in connecting with young tion wants people in political life to When I hit the 5,000 friend “In my budget last year, we put money in the budget to repave people? be real. To not fake something. mark a number of years ago, which Nicollet (Avenue). Not because of the ice cream, but it really needed it. Before Facebook and Twitter So my social media, I’m exactly maxes you out on Facebook, I just Nicollet had terrible potholes. So I called the Sebastian Joe’s guy, and and some of the other parts of who I am. That’s me. That’s not shoved it in my kids’ faces. But they we didn’t tell anyone this, but we did the budget, had the announce- social media, I found myself being somebody else making it up under reminded me, “Dad, they’re not all ment, and said we were repaving Nicollet. I invited everyone across the defined by the established media. my name. A lot of political people your friends, OK?” hall to have some ice cream, which is now known as the Flavor Formerly I was a reporter. I understand the have someone else doing it for Known as Nicollet Pothole. I got a huge kick out of it.” established media. But I don’t them, and it shows. Mine is just What are your favorite things to want to tell my story just through me. I make grammatical and spell- do in Minneapolis? in a lot of places where maybe it more of a downside than an upside. somebody else’s eyes. Social media ing errors. I make errors of fact. I How long do you have? Let’s see, shouldn’t belong. (Laughs). No, I’m definitely going to miss that. has given me the ability to speak say things that I may regret later. my top five would be cross-country when there’s a tragedy like the But I do think that the best is yet directly to people in real time. So, But mostly, it’s just me thinking skiing at Theodore Wirth Park. bridge collapse, when a team wins to come. I haven’t decided what when I leave an event and tweet in real time. And I think that’s al- Biking around the lakes. Eating a championship, when a kid gets that is yet. It’s not going to be one about it or put something on my lowed people to get a window into at the (Midtown) Global Market. a big scholarship, when there’s thing. It’ll be a collection of work, Facebook about it, I’m saying ex- what it’s really like. Hearing music at First Avenue or something to celebrate or mourn mostly here, but maybe elsewhere. actly what’s on my mind without a When I first went on social the Dakota, or some other venue. or come together, I’m always at the But I’m going to live here. I don’t lot of spin or dressing. And people media, my kids were really upset. And … oh I know, going to the center. And I won’t be. That’s one think there will ever be a job that provide feedback on all of that. When I started my Facebook, my Walker or some other gallery. of the things you lose. fits me like this one. This is my life’s People make the mistake some- son and daughter said, “Dad, don’t The good thing is that you’re also work. And I loved it. time of thinking that I can solve do this. You will have no friends.” What will you miss most about not responsible for all of that. I’m city problems on Twitter when they So when I had 100 friends on Face- being mayor? certain that I’m going to think that This is an edited transcript of Three- should really be calling 311 or e- book, I was bragging. They kind of I’ll miss the ability to stick my nose not being at the center of things is Sixty’s interview.

Age gap continued from page 22 have a conversation about sex … learned a hard lesson after her rela- a couple of nice talks, and then mon as most people might think. ic, there are two sides to the coin,” But when the topic is broached, it’s tionship with an older man didn’t somehow it escalated to me skip- Seventy percent of teens date a said Meier, who studies the effects important to make sure both voices end “happily ever after.” ping school and sneaking out,” she partner within a year of their own of adolescent sex on mental health. are heard and that they understand At 15, she met Devin, a 24-year- said. age, Meier said, though 30 percent “Risks of forced or unwanted sex each other well. It’s not just one old, on a college tour. Being a “But really, in what situation dating outside the customary are higher when you have an older person deciding and the other goes naive teen, as Murphy put it, she would that even work? I mean, range is still a “substantial minor- male partner. And risks of depres- along with it,” Meier said. fell for him. Hard. he was nine, nearly 10 years older ity.” sion and lowered self-esteem are “It’s also important that girls As the three years they were than me. Maybe it would work Either way, asking tough ques- higher when you have an older advocate for what they want, together went by, Jessica began to for someone, but it will end up tions and allowing common sense male partner. But because teens whether it’s sexual or not. They see how much her behavior had in heartbreak. A relationship like to prevail should allow age gap have an older partner doesn’t mean might be at a disadvantage because changed just to keep Devin. When that was doomed from the start.” relationships to be on the same they experience forced sex. So of their status. They’re younger she finally decided to break it off, footing as same age ones. the risk is higher, but only to that and they’re female. Those two she realized her relationship was Use common sense “If the couple is open and percentage of teens who have an things carry different statuses. already, well, broken. Her “‘boy- Is society learning to become more understanding with their partner, older partner.” Despite how much you feel your friend” of three years was still with comfortable with greater age gaps, then there shouldn’t be many It might mean that age gap partner loves and respects you in his last girlfriend and only dated especially among teens and young difficulties in the relationship,” couples “need to communicate the individual relationship, we’re her to see what someone younger adults? If you polled parents, Meier said. “And keep the parents more than they would in a same all influenced by broader societal was like. they’d probably hope that trends informed about the status of their age relationship,” Meier said. But norms.” Now, at 21, Murphy can laugh aren’t heading in that direction, relationship. Most parents are it’s not a sign that the relationship about it. Meier said. available to talk, and most likely can’t work. Cautionary tale “I can’t believe how easily I was Research data also shows that won’t jump to conclusions without “It’s awkward enough already to Jessica Murphy of Apple Valley dragged into that! First it was just age gap relationships aren’t as com- reason.”

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For now, coaches like John Calipari, Jim couldn’t dribble, I couldn’t shoot, all I could Meet Mr. Showtime Boeheim and Tubby Smith will have to wait. do is just dunk. I could dunk on people and The 6’6, 200 lb. shooting guard is busy with get fast break dunks,” Vaughn said. practices, schoolwork and the occasional These past two years, he’s been pushed by Cooper standout Rashad Vaughn keeps press request from Minneapolis media. Burton to maximize his skills and become After all, Vaughn isn’t your average a complete player. Burton, who played it cool amid the college feeding frenzy 16-year-old. He’s listed as the best shoot- and coached college basketball, baseball ing guard in the nation and the ninth best and football, said he uses his own athletic overall player in the Class of 2014, accord- background to give Vaughn perspective on entucky, Louisville, Syracuse, the (Minnesota) Gophers, ing to ESPN’s latest high school basketball high-pressure expectations. Iowa State, Kansas, Tennessee, Florida, Maryland ...” rankings. “I’m doing a dual piece—teaching him “K Rashad Vaughn isn’t playing “name that college basketball Vaughn is often grouped with Apple how to be a student athlete, but also a powerhouse.” Instead, he’s rattling off the schools on his radar as he gets Valley’s Tyus Jones (No. 2 by ESPN) and college student athlete,” Burton said. “So closer to making one of the most important decisions of his life. De La Salle’s Reid Travis (No. 40) as part of sometimes, it’s trying to make sure that the In fact, Vaughn, a junior at Robbinsdale Cooper High School, has Minnesota’s “Big Three” recruits. During his messages are similar, but at a higher level. received so many scholarship offers, he’s stopped opening his mail. He By Amolak Singh sophomore year, Vaughn was listed as the Because when you get to college, nobody’s also gets around 10 calls and dozens of text messages daily from some Nova Classical third best of that trifecta. That he continues gonna be guiding you through your classes. of the premier college programs in the country. Academy to rise in the rankings is a testament to his But in high school, I can see him every day.” work ethic, said Cooper coach Steve Burton. That’s why it’s important to teach him “If he could be in the gym at one or two o’clock in the morning, he would be in the gym. And he has been in the gym at those times in the morning,” said Burton, also “In ninth grade, I couldn’t the academic liaison of special services at Cooper. do nothing. I couldn’t “He loves to work. He wants to get better dribble, I couldn’t shoot, at his craft, not just on the basketball court but in the classroom. And so he’s really a all I could do is just dunk. joy.” From his sophomore to junior year, I could dunk on people and Vaughn said he worked on his ball-handling, get fast break dunks.” shot selection, passing, defense and leader- ship skills as much as possible—“I just kept —Rashad Vaughn pushing, working on everything. It’s been fun,” he said. now, so that when Vaughn jumps to a higher Meet Mr. Showtime level—be it college or the NBA—he’ll be Call it the evolution of “Mr. Showtime,” a prepared for the spotlight. As standout nickname and Twitter handle that Vaughn athletes at all levels learn, “there’s always earned after wowing teammates with dunks, someone out there to get something from a including a 360-degree one posted on young man of his caliber,” Burton said. “I try YouTube. to protect him.” “In ninth grade, I couldn’t do nothing. I Vaughn continued on page 32

think Is too much emphasis placed on high school and college ath- letics? What are the main sources of that pressure? Photo copyright Star Tribune, printed with permission spot Rashad Vaughn (left) shoots over an Apple Valley High School defender during a 2013 tournament at the Target Center in downtown Minneapolis.

March/April 2013 31 “College coaches have essentially 24-hour access with text messages and phone calls these days... You’ll hear about kids coming back from these big tournaments and their phones will ring nonstop for two, three days. That becomes an issue because it takes up their entire life. And that’s where parents and coaches need to be involved.” —Jason Gonzalez

Vaughn continued from page 31 “In the game, I just try not to mind it. I Jason Gonzalez, a sports reporter at the tell Coach Burton to not tell me who is in Star-Tribune who specializes in high school the crowd,” said Vaughn, who cited Michael features, said Minnesota “hasn’t seen any- Jordan, LeBron James, Kobe Bryant and thing like” the Class of 2014’s talent pool. Kevin Durant as basketball role models. The notoriety has created waves, be it “But if it’s going to get to me, then I just daily Twitter recruitment pitches from know that someone’s going to be watching boosters across the country, or closer to me and I try to play hard every time.” home, Golden Gophers fans chanting Jones Added Burton: “He’s actually been han- or Vaughn’s names in an attempt to keep dling it pretty well. Last year he had (col- them nearby. Becoming a “mini celebrity” at lege) coaches coming, but this year, they’ve such a young age forces prep stars to “grow been here from the fall when we were having up quick,” Gonzalez said. open gyms and things like that. The atten- “College coaches have essentially 24-hour tion is always on him.” access with text messages and phone calls As for receiving special treatment or these days. It’s a lot to handle. You’ll hear feeling “different” from other teens, Vaughn about kids coming back from these big tour- said his high profile around school has its naments and their phones will ring nonstop positives and negatives. While he wouldn’t for two, three days,” he said. cite specifics, Vaughn said teachers don’t “That becomes an issue because it takes let him get away with much, even it means up their entire life. And that’s where parents keeping his backpack on when he shouldn’t and coaches need to be involved. To be or messing with his phone. in the middle and say, ‘No, they still have “It’s a lot of pressure … but I have a good homework to do. They still need a social core of friends, and we can hang out and do life.’ So, often it’s up to an adult to say, stuff on the weekends,” he said. ‘Here’s how you handle this. Here’s how you Vaughn is also busy making college visits, respectfully say no.’” though he admits, “if I could jump to the NBA right now, I would.” In the meantime, Eye on the future he’ll have to settle for monstrous 51-point So far, Burton thinks that Vaughn has kept games against Maranatha Christian as ex- his head in the right place. amples of what’s hopefully to come. Not always easy considering that even Still, Burton stresses that while the future Burton was a bit awestruck when Roy Wil- is bright, Vaughn needs to enjoy his time as liams, the coach of his childhood favorite a teenager. North Carolina Tar Heels, scouted Vaughn “Make sure you embrace this moment. during a January game at the Target Center. Embrace the attention you’re getting. But Impressed by Vaughn’s recent performances, don’t let it get your head big,” Burton said. the school sent him a scholarship offer in mid-February.

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