Tracheal and Bronchial Surgery 1A031 Honorary Editors: Douglas E. Wood, Douglas J. Mathisen, Erino Angelo Rendina Editors: Xiaofei Li, Federico Venuta, David C. van der Zee Associate Editors: Dirk Van Raemdonck, Federico Rea, Jinbo Zhao Xiaofei Li, Federico Venuta, David C. van der Zee Xiaofei Li, Federico Venuta, Editors: Tracheal and Bronchial Surgery Honorary Editors: Douglas E. Wood, Douglas J. Mathisen, Erino Angelo Rendina Editors: Xiaofei Li, Federico Venuta, David C. van der Zee Associate Editors: Dirk Van Raemdonck, Federico Rea, Jinbo Zhao AME Publishing Company Room C 16F, Kings Wing Plaza 1, NO. 3 on Kwan Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong Information on this title: www.amegroups.com For more information, contact [email protected] Copyright © AME Publishing Company. All rights reserved. This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of AME Publishing Company. First published 2017 Printed in China by AME Publishing Company Editors: Xiaofei Li, Federico Venuta, David C. van der Zee Cover Image Illustrator: Zhijing Xu, Shanghai, China Tracheal and Bronchial Surgery Hardcover ISBN: 978-988-77841-8-0 AME Publishing Company, Hong Kong AME Publishing Company has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. The advice and opinions expressed in this book are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views or practices of AME Publishing Company. No representations are made by AME Publishing Company about the suitability of the information contained in this book, and there is no consent, endorsement or recommendation provided by AME Publishing Company, express or implied, with regard to its contents. Tracheal and Bronchial Surgery I (FIRST EDITION) HONORARY EDITORS AUTHORS Douglas E. Wood Sanchit Ahuja The Henry N. Harkins Professor and Chair Department of Outcomes Research, Anesthesiology Department of Surgery, University of Washington, USA Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Douglas J. Mathisen Jia An Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological Erino Angelo Rendina University, Singapore, Singapore Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Marco Anile University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy CO-EDITORS Hugh G. Auchincloss Xiaofei Li Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China Alper Avci Federico Venuta Department of Thoracic Surgery, Çukurova University Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Rome Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey Sapienza, Rome, Italy Montserrat Blanco Ramos David C. van der Zee Thoracic Surgery Department, Alvaro Cunqueiro Department of Pediatric Surgery, Wilhelmina Children’s University Clinical Hospital, EOXI Vigo, Spain Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands Maribel Botana-Rial Pneumology Department, Alvaro Cunqueiro University Clinical Hospital, EOXI Vigo, Spain ASSOCIATE EDITORS Elisa Brandigi Dirk Van Raemdonck Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Clinic Pediatric Surgery, University of Siena, Siena, Italy Leuven, Herestraat, 3000 Leuven, Belgium Daniel H. Buitrago Federico Rea Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA Jinbo Zhao Tayfun Caliskan Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Pulmonary Division, Haydarpasa Sultan Abdulhamid, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China Training and Research Hospital, The University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey © AME Publishing Company. All rights reserved. www.amegroups.com II Tiesheng Cao Antonio D’Andrilli Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Tangdu Hospital, the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Cetin Celenk Eduardo de Miguel Poch Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Respiratory Department, 12 de Octubre University Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey Hospital, Madrid, Spain Chee Kai Chua Pierre Delaere Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical Department of ENT, Head & Neck Surgery, University & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium University, Singapore, Singapore Jean Deslauriers Fu-Tsai Chung Division of Thoracic Surgery, Institut Universitaire de Department of Thoracic Medicine, Saint Paul’s Hospital, Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Taoyuan, Taiwan, China; College of Medicine Chang Quebec City, Que, G1V 4G5, Canada Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, China; Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Alain Didier Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, China Pulmonology Department, Larrey University Hospital, Toulouse, France Aliza P. Cohen Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Pierre Diemunsch Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA University Hospitals of Hautepierre, Strasburg, France Barak Cohen Daniele Diso Department of Outcomes Research, Anesthesiology University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy; Department of Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Thoracic Surgery, Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy Massimo Conti Jennifer Dixon Division of Thoracic Surgery, Institut Universitaire de Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oregon Health and Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA Quebec City, Que, G1V 4G5, Canada Qinglong Dong Joel D. Cooper Guangzhou Research Institute of Respiratory Disease, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Guangzhou 510120, China; National Centre for Clinical Trials on Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou 510120, China; Christina L. Costantino Department of Anesthesiology, the First Af liated Hospital Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China Fei Cui Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Gabrielle Drevet Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Division of Thoracic Surgery, Institut Universitaire de 510120, China; Guangzhou Research Institute of Respiratory Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Disease, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Quebec City, Que, G1V 4G5, Canada Guangzhou 510120, China; National Centre for Clinical Trials on Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou 510120, China © AME Publishing Company. All rights reserved. www.amegroups.com III Sylvain Droneau Nicolas Guibert Pulmonology Department, Larrey University Hospital, Pulmonology Department, Larrey University Hospital, Toulouse, France Toulouse, France Muzaffer Elmali Ting Guo Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, the Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China Ricardo Fernandez Yong Han Department of Thoracic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Thoracic Surgery Unit (UCTMI), Coruña University Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China Hospital, 15006 Coruña, Spain Zehra Hatipoglu Alberto Fernández-Villar Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Çukurova Pneumology Department, Alvaro Cunqueiro University University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey Clinical Hospital, EOXI Vigo, Spain Jiaxi He Henning A. Gaissert Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA 510120, China; Guangzhou Research Institute of Respiratory Disease, China State Key Laboratory of Mercedes Gallas Torreira Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China; National Senior Lecturer in Comprehensive Adult Dental Care, Centre for Clinical Trials on Respiratory Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago Guangzhou 510120, China de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain Jianxing He Sidhu P. Gangadharan Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Division of Thoracic Surgery and Interventional Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Pulmonology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 510120, China; Guangzhou Research Institute of Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, Respiratory Disease, China State Key Laboratory of USA Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou 510120, China; National Centre for Clinical Trials on Respiratory Diseases, Eva García-Fontán Guangzhou 510120, China Thoracic Surgery Department, Alvaro Cunqueiro University Clinical Hospital, EOXI