Low Blood Sugar in People with Diabetes (The Basics) Uptodate
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An Economic History of the United States Sugar Program
AN ECONOMIC HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES SUGAR PROGRAM by Tyler James Wiltgen A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Applied Economics MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana August 2007 © COPYRIGHT by Tyler James Wiltgen 2007 All Rights Reserved ii APPROVAL of a thesis submitted by Tyler James Wiltgen This thesis has been read by each member of the thesis committee and has been found to be satisfactory regarding content, English usage, format, citations, bibliographic style, and consistency, and is ready for submission to the Division of Graduate Education. Chair Vincent H. Smith Approved for the Department of Agricultural Economics and Economics Myles J. Watts Approved for the Division of Graduate Education Carl A. Fox iii STATEMENT OF PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master’s degree at Montana State University, I agree that the Library shall make it available to borrowers under rules of the Library. If I have indicated my intention to copyright this thesis by including a copyright notice page, copy is allowed for scholarly purposes, consistent with “fair use” as prescribed in U.S. Copyright Law. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this thesis in whole or in parts may be granted only by the copyright holder. Tyler James Wiltgen August 2007 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am greatly indebted to Dr. Vincent Smith, my thesis committee chairman, for his guidance throughout the development of this thesis; I appreciate all of his help and support. In addition, I would like to thank the other members of the committee, Dr. -
American Society of Sugar Cane Technologists
PROCEEDINGS American Society of Sugar Cane Technologists 1973 MEETINGS Volume 3 (New Series) Florida and Louisisna Divisions June 1974 PROCEEDINGS AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SUGAR CANE TECHNOLOGISTS Florida and Louisiana Divisions Volume 3 (New Series) June 1974 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreward 3 Officers and Committees for 1973 5 Program of 1973 Annual Joint Meeting 8 Program of 1973 Florida Division Meeting 10 Program of 1973 Louisiana Division Meeting 10 Papers Presented at 1973 Annual Joint Meeting 13 Papers Presented at 1973 Florida Division Meeting 133 Papers Presented at 1973 Louisiana Division Meeting 157 Corrections for Volume 2 214 Subject Index 215 Author Index 217 1 FOREWORD After completing the editing of the last two volumes of the Proceedings, it is apparent that at the fact that some authors are not following the editorial style that has been established. The editor is probably at fault in this for my failure to make the details of the desired style more readily available to all members of ASSCT. This defect is being corrected through preparation of a style manual that will be sent to each member. Adoption of the recommended style in the writing of deal of extra time in editing and typing, particularly the latter, and this extensive editing invites errors. A second major problem is the considerable number of members who present papers at the meetings of ASSCT but for various reasons do not submit manuscripts of these oral presentations for printing in the Proceedings. Of 54 papers which were presented orally at the three meetings held in 1973, complete were available for the Proceedings. -
Sugar Act, 2020
TI{E R:EPT'BI,IC OF UGAI{DA THE suGARAcr, 2020', PARLIAMENT LIBRARY I PO 8OX 7178, XAMPALA \ * 28APR?f;;3 * CALL NO TTIE REPUBLXC Otr UGAIIDA PARLIAMENT LIBRARY PO BOX 7178. KAMPALA * 7 8. APR ;i:I * CALL I sIcNIry my assent to the bill. t President Date of assent 3r^J Act Sugar Act 2020 TTM SUGAR ACT,2O2O. ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS Section Penr I-PnsLrMrNARY 1. Commencement 2. Interpretation Panr II-UcnNoe Sucen Bonno 3. Establishment of the Uganda Sugar Board 4. Composition of the Board 5. Tenure of office of members of the Board 6. Remuneration of members of the Board PARLIAMENT LIBRARY PO BOX 7178. XAMPALA Functions of the Board * 2 t f":l l*"' * 7 . Functions of the Board ACC NO: 8. Cooperation with other agencies CALL NO:... 9. Powers of the Board 10. Powers of Minister 11. Meetings of the Board and related matters 12. Committees of the Board 13. Delegation of functions of the Board Penr Itr-STAFF oF rHp Boano t4 Executive director. 15 Functions of the executive director 16 Staff of the Board Penr IV-FTNANCES 17. Funds of the Board 18. Duty to operate in accordance with the Public Finance Management Act and sound financial principles Act Sugar Act 2020 Section Pexr V-LrcENsrNc on MrI-s 19. Licensing of mills 20. Application for a licence to operate mill 21. Processing, grant or refusal of licence 22. Modification of mill or plant Pnnr VI-Sucm INousrRY AcREEMENTS 23. Sugar industry agreements Penr VII-Sucnn CeNs PRlctNc 24. Sugar cane pricing Panr VIII-NATIoNAL Sucen Rrsrancs INsrtrure 25. -
Master´S Thesis
THE FINNISH EXCISE TAX ON SUGAR- SWEETENED BEVERAGES AND ITS EFFECT ON THEIR PRICES AND DEMAND Jyväskylä University School of Business and Economics Master´s Thesis 2018 Author: Miika Heinonen Subject: Economics Supervisor: Professor Ari Hyytinen ABSTRACT Author Miika Heinonen Title The Finnish Excise Tax on Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Its Effect on Their Prices and Demand Subject Type of Work Economics Master´s Thesis Time (date.) Number of Pages 13th April 2018 81 Abstract The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with overweight, obesity and related illnesses, such as type 2 diabetes. Excise tax on SSBs is seen as an effective tool to reduce their consumption and improve pop- ulation health. Because there are possible market failures associated with the consumption of SSBs, taxing them might be preferable to other taxes. In January 2014, Finland doubled its excise tax rate for SSBs from 0.11 euros to 0.22 euros per litre. Considering the 14 percent ad valorem tax, this translates into a price increase of 0.125 euros. To understand the possible beneficial health effects of the tax, it is essential to estimate, first, its effect on prices (pass- through) and, second, how responsive is consumption to changes in prices (price elasticity of demand). Data, provided by HOK-Elanto, from S-Market stores is used to analyse these two effects. Data consists of daily price and sales records of beverage items from four separate stores for the period 2013-2014. The pass-through of the tax is estimated by applying the differences-in- differences method. It is estimated that the prices of taxed beverages rose somewhere between 0.17 and 0.19 euros per litre, indicating overshifting of the tax by approximately 36-52 percent. -
This Is Exactly What Happens to Your Body When You Eat a Ton of Sugar Source: MSN Lifestyle
This is Exactly What Happens to Your Body When You Eat a Ton of Sugar Source: MSN Lifestyle The maximum amount of added sugar people should eat in a day is 150 calories (37.5 grams or 9 teaspoons) for men and 100 calories (25 grams or 6 teaspoons) for women, according to the American Heart Association (AHA). The body can handle, as in metabolize, at least six teaspoons of added sugar per day. The problem is that most people consume a lot more than that. Sugar is not only present in foods that taste very sweet. Most Americans consume over three times what they should be, with teens and men munching on the largest amounts. The result is chaos, stress and overload for the body that can lead to both physical and mental illnesses. Many packaged foods don’t list how many teaspoons of sugar their products contain, making your job of keeping track very difficult. An easy trick to remember, AHA says, is that there are 4 calories per gram of sugar and 4 grams of sugar equal a teaspoon. If a label says 10 grams of sugar per serving size, that means it has 2.5 teaspoons of it or 40 calories. 1. Liver is overloaded The liver processes sugar in the same way it processes alcohol (both are slowly killing you). The fructose in the refined sugar can only be metabolized by the liver (unlike glucose). Therefore, consuming a lot will tax the organ too much and can eventually lead to liver disease, according to the Global Healing Center. -
A Legal & Practical Guide for Designing Sugary Drink Taxes
A Legal and Practical Guide for Designing Sugary Drink Taxes Second Edition Cola SPORT ENERGY Contents Introduction 3 Why Tax Sugary Drinks? 5 Legal Authority 7 Preemption 8 Sugary Drink Tax Design 9 What Type of Tax to Pass 10 Defining the Tax Base 11 Which Beverages Are Subject to the Tax? 14 Setting the Tax Rate 16 Dedication of Revenues 17 Ballot Measure Versus Legislation 20 Implementing the Tax 21 Key Implementation Steps 21 Tax Education and Community Outreach Activities 22 Potential Challenges to Tax Efforts 23 Conclusion 25 Appendix I: Model Findings 26 Appendix II: Sample and Model Ordinance Language 31 Notes 36 TABLES Table 1: Sugary Drink Taxes in the United States as of November 30, 2018 6 Table 2: Comparing Sugary Drink Tax Bases 13 Table 3: Product Price Changes for Volume- and Sugar-Based Taxes 16 Table 4: Activities and Programs Funded by Sugary Drink Taxes 17 2 A Legal and Practical Guide for Designing Sugary Drink Taxes | changelabsolutions.org | healthyfoodamerica.org Introduction Sugary drinks are the number one source of added In the last few years, one strategy has received sugars in our diet, representing almost half of growing support from both the public and all added sugars consumed in the United States.1 policymakers: taxing sugary drinks to both reduce These added sugars are a major contributor to consumption and raise revenues that can be the country’s high rates of heart disease, type 2 invested in promoting healthier communities. diabetes, obesity, poor oral health, and other chronic Recently enacted sugary -
Sugar Shocker Education
Sugar Shocker Education Kit For Children and Youth Nutrition Services Copyright © (2016) Alberta Health Services. Links updated (Jun 2016). This material is protected by Canadian and other international copyright laws. All rights reserved. These materials may not be copied, published, distributed or reproduced in any way in whole or in part without the express written permission of Alberta Health Services. These materials are intended for general information only and are provided on an "as is", "where is" basis. Although reasonable efforts were made to confirm the accuracy of the information, Alberta Health Services does not make any representation or warranty, express, implied or statutory, as to the accuracy, reliability, completeness, applicability or fitness for a particular purpose of such information. These materials are not a substitute for the advice of a qualified health professional. Alberta Health Services expressly disclaims all liability for the use of these materials, and for any claims, actions, demands or suits arising from such use. 2 Table of Contents Description of the Sugar Shocker Education Kit Health and Life Skills Curriculum Outcomes ……………………………………………………………………… 6 Instructions for Making a Sugar Shocker Education Kit Required Items ………………………………………….………………………………………………………….…………….... 10 Average Amount of Added Sugar in Drinks………………………….…………………………..……….………. 12 Background Why is Too Much Sugar an Issue? …………………………………………………..…………………….……….… 14 Types of Sugar …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…. 16 Average Added -
Teacher Guide.Qxd
Classroom Materials developed by the New-YYork Historical Society as a companion to the exhibit Generous support provided by THE NEW-YYORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY Since its founding in 1804, the New-York Historical Society (N-YHS) has been a mainstay of cultural life in New York City and a center of historical scholarship and education. For generations, students and teachers have been able to benefit directly from the N-YHS’s mission to collect, preserve and interpret materials relevant to the history of our city, state and nation. N-YHS consistently creates opportunities to experience the nation’s history through the prism of New York. Our uniquely integrated collection of documents and objects are par- ticularly well-suited for educational purposes, not only for scholars but also for school children, teachers and the larger public. The story of New York’s rootedness in the enslavement of Africans is largely unknown to the general public. Over the next two years, the New-York Historical Society, together with the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, will stage two major exhibitions, with walking tours, educational materials and programs for learners of all ages. The first of these exhibits, entitled “Slavery in New York,” explores the vital roles enslaved labor and the slave trade played in making New York one of the wealthiest cities in the world. In bringing this compelling and dramatic story to the forefront of historical inquiry, “Slavery in New York” will transform col- lective understanding of this great city’s past, present and future. The enclosed resources have been devel- oped to facilitate pre- and post-visit lessons in the classroom and provide learning experiences beyond the duration of the exhibit. -
Sugar Regimes in Major Producing and Consuming Countries in Asia and the Pacific
SUGAR REGIMES IN MAJOR PRODUCING AND CONSUMING COUNTRIES IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Mr Kaison Chang, Senior Commodity Specialist, Sugar and Beverages Group, Commodities and Trade Division, FAO. INTRODUCTION Sugar is one of the world's most important crops and one, which is of prominence to countries represented here. It has widespread implications for the earnings and well being of farm communities, as well as for consumers of this important food item. Today it is my task to briefly introduce existing sugar regimes in selected countries in Asia. Before touching on some of the salient features of individual sugar regimes, it is useful to place the Asia and Pacific region in its global context in as far as production, trade and consumption of sugar are concerned. OVERVIEW Of the nearly 128 million tonnes of sugar produced globally more than 36 percent was produced in the Asia and Pacific region with major producing countries being Australia, China, India and Thailand. In terms of trade, the region accounted for 43 percent of global exports and 29 percent of imports in 1998. The major net exporting countries were Australia, Thailand, India and Fiji and net-importing countries included China, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia and the Republic of Korea. I would like to turn now to some of the features of individual policy in selected countries. My presentation is restricted to only a few countries due to time limitation. However, several more countries are included in the document that has been circulated. AUSTRALIA Introduction Australia's sugar industry is widely acknowledged as one of the lowest cost in the world. -
The Risks of Excess Sugar
NESTLÉ PROFESSIONAL NUTRITION MAGAZINE The Risks of Excess Sugar Sweet Alternatives Tips from the Pros The Sweet Side of Sugar Reduction Sugar Love It or Leave It? It’s on every table, and seemingly everybody’s mind. From a spoonful in coffee to baked goods, desserts, and even some condiments, sugar is an important ingredient or addition to many recipes. However, while most customers like to indulge their sweet tooth when they dine out, sugar consumption is on the rise1, and public health authorities and governments are pressuring people and the industry to consumeless. Controlling Sugar Intake The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended limits on the amount of sugar people consume2, and multiple governments around the world have enacted new regulations or taxes to help reduce added sugar consumption.3 Finding a Balance Today, the foodservice industry is facing a challenge. Is it possible to meet the new health guidelines, follow government regulations, and deliver enough flavour to keep your customerssatisfied? Equipping Yourself to Succeed This issue is designed to help you learn more about sugar– where it’s found in food and beverages, how it affects people’s health, and what you can do to reduce sugar in your recipes. You can use this information to help educate your staff and your customers about these concerns, new guidelines, and the positive steps you’re taking in your own kitchens and cafés. Let’s get to work. 2 Nutripro® by Nestlé Professional® The High Costs of Excess Sugar The costs of obesity—in terms of both human health and money spent on medical care—are too big to ignore. -
The Origins and Development of the U.S. Sugar Program, 1934-1959
The Origins and Development of the U.S. Sugar Program, 1934-1959 Richard Sicotte University of Vermont [email protected] Alan Dye Barnard College, Columbia University [email protected] Preliminary draft. Please do not cite. Paper prepared for the 14th International Economic History Conference August 21-25, 2006 1 Recent trade talks in the WTO indicate that the powerful US sugar lobby continues to be a roadblock to agricultural liberalization. It calls attention to a need for better understanding of the complex quota-based regulations that have governed the US sugar trade for so long. In 1934 the United States shifted its sugar protection policy from emphasizing the tariff to a comprehensive system of quotas. It was revised in 1937. After its suspension for much of World War II, a new Sugar Act was passed in 1948, and further revised in 1951 and 1956. It has been in almost continuous operation since 1934. This paper examines the origins and development of the Sugar Program from 1934 to 1959. Why did the United States adopt sugar quotas? What were the rules set up to implement and govern the policy? How did they function? The sugar quota was adopted after the U.S. government determined that the long-standing policy using the tariff to protect the domestic industry was failing. A principal reason was that the tariff was not raising the price of sugar because, by diminishing the imports of Cuban sugar, it was causing severe decline in wages and costs on that island. In turn, Cuban sugar was being offered at ever lower prices. -
Sugar and Snails: Consumption, Rationing and the Gendered Perception of Wartime Food Deprivation* Amy L
ASSOCIATION FOR CONSUMER RESEARCH Labovitz School of Business & Economics, University of Minnesota Duluth, 11 E. Superior Street, Suite 210, Duluth, MN 55802 Sugar and Snails: Consumption, Rationing and the Gendered Perception of Wartime Food Deprivation* Amy L. Bentley, University of Pennsylvania [to cite]: Amy L. Bentley (1991) ,"Sugar and Snails: Consumption, Rationing and the Gendered Perception of Wartime Food Deprivation*", in GCB - Gender and Consumer Behavior Volume 1, eds. Dr. Janeen Arnold Costa, Salt Lake City, UT : Association for Consumer Research, Pages: 209-222. [url]: http://www.acrwebsite.org/volumes/15559/gender/v01/GCB-01 [copyright notice]: This work is copyrighted by The Association for Consumer Research. For permission to copy or use this work in whole or in part, please contact the Copyright Clearance Center at http://www.copyright.com/. Sugar and Snails: Consumption, Rationing and the Gendered Perception of Wartime Food Deprivation* Amy L. Bentley, University of Pennsylvania From our earliest moments to our last, humans preparation and consumption of highly valued depend on food to sustain life. But food is much foods. To take this exploration to another level, I more than ingesting nutrients for biological will examine how the rationing of symbolically survival. Because all peoples must acquire, important--and symbolically-Iaden--foods was prepare, and consume food--requiring from the experienced and felt along gender lines. I want to majority most of their time and energy--these take a provocative leap by suggesting that a useful activities over time have become intimately woven way to consider wartime rationing and the into societies' cultural practices and beliefs.