BILATERAL AIR SERVICES AGREEMENTS of SRI LANKA By
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BILATERAL AIR SERVICES AGREEMENTS OF SRI LANKA by Anusha Wickramasinghe Institute of Air and Space Law, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. November 2005 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree ofMaster of Laws (LL.M.) © Copyright Anusha Wickramasinghe, 2005 Library and Bibliothèque et 1+1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l'édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-25060-0 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-25060-0 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l'Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non sur support microforme, papier, électronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriété du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protège cette thèse. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. reproduced without the author's permission. ln compliance with the Canadian Conformément à la loi canadienne Privacy Act some supporting sur la protection de la vie privée, forms may have been removed quelques formulaires secondaires from this thesis. ont été enlevés de cette thèse. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires in the document page cou nt, aient inclus dans la pagination, their removal does not represent il n'y aura aucun contenu manquant. any loss of content from the thesis. ••• Canada ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1 acknowledge with a deep sense of gratitude towards aIl of you who supported me wholeheartedly and ungrudgingly. Without yOuf kind and continued support this thesis would not have been completed. As such 1 wish to thank ........... Professor Dr. Micheal Milde, my supervisor, for his time, guidance and patience that kept my spirit throughout my research in Montreal and back at my home country (Sri Lanka). Dr. Ruwantissa Abeyratne, for his encouraging comments and reviews on my writing. Professor Dr. Paul Dempsey, Director of the Institute of Air and Space Law, for giving me the opportunity to study at this prestigious institute. Professor Dr. Ram Jakhu and Mrs. Jakhu for their kind support and advices that kept me warm during the cold winter. Maria, Clelia, Lina, Dalia and Margaret, for being available at any time whenever 1 needed their guidance. The administrative and the technical staff of the Nahum Gelber Law Library, for helping me to find the required literature for my thesis. , Sri Lanka Canada Association in Montreal (SLCAM), for being a family to me during my long stay away from home. Mr. G.S. Withanage, Additional Secretary and Mrs. Amni Ranasinghe, Assistant Secretary to the Ministry of Ports and Aviation and the staff of the Ministry for providing me with the bilateral air services agreements of Sri Lanka and allowing me to use their library. Mr. H.M.Nimalsiri, the Director General of Civil Aviation of Sri Lanka, Mr. Rehan Vanniappa, Assistant Director, Cooperate and Legal Division of the Civil Aviation Authority of Sri Lanka for allowing me to use the technical library of the CAA and for directing me to the places where 1 could gather information. Ms. Priyani Abeysekara, Senior Manager, Legal Affairs, Sri Lankan Airlines, for providing me with the information and documentation on the perspective of the Sri Lankan Airlines Ltd. Mr. Lasantha Hettiarachchi, Attorney -at-Law and past student of the Institute of Air and Space Law for his encouraging advices. Staff of the National Archives of Sri Lanka for taking me down the history lane of civil aviation of Ceylon. 11 Dr. K.B.A.Silva, Head of the Department of Legal Studies of the Open University of Sri Lanka, without whose assistance 1 would never have got the opportunity to do my Master of Laws degree at McGill University. My coUeagues at the Department of Legal Studies of the Open University of Sri Lanka for their continuous support and relieving me of academic duties to complete my research. Legal and Judicial Reforms Project of the Ministry of Justice, Law Reform and National Integration of Sri Lanka for awarding me the postgraduate scholarship. My coUeagues at IASL 200412005 c1ass, Dilini and Indunil Thilakaratne, Suranjan Weeraratne, Pahi Saikia, Gautham Acharya, Maria Buzdugan, Raja Bhattacharya, Hemindra Dissanayake, Buddhika Weerasinghe and aU my friends for their love and support to make this academic achievement a reality. Last but not least my family for their boundless love and support that kept me alive during my stay away from home. III ABSTRACT The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the bilateral air services agreements of Sri Lanka under the existing legal, regulatory and the infrastructural framework of civil aviation in Sri Lanka. In order to achieve this objective, this thesis is divided into following chapters, Chapter One - Deals with the history and evolution of bilateral air services agreements in the history ofworld civil aviation. Chapter Two - This Chapter has two sections. Section one addresses briefly the history and evolution of the air transport industry of Sri Lanka. Section two looks into the legal and regulatory framework within which the air transport industry works in Sri Lanka. Negotiation and Conclusion of bilateral air services agreements is also explained in this section. Chapter Three - Contains a detailed analysis of the main provisions of the bilateral air services agreements conc1uded by Sri Lanka. Chapter Four - The existing infrastructure and the prospects for the future is discussed in this chapter along with the challenges faced and to be faced in the future. Finally, the findings of this research are presented with recommendations for the betterment of air transport industry of Sri Lanka. IV RESUME L'objectif principal de ce mémoire est l'analyse des accords bilatéraux de services aériens conclus par le Sri Lanka dans le cadre juridique, réglementaire et structurel de l'aviation civile au Sri Lanka. Pour atteindre ce but, ce mémoire se compose des chapitres suivants: Chapitre un - Il se rapporte à l'histoire et à l'évolution des accords bilatéraux de services aériens dans le contexte de l'aviation civile mondiale. Chapitre deux - Ce chapitre comprend deux parties. La première partie traite brièvement de l'histoire et de l'évolution de l'industrie sri lankaise du transport aérien. La seconde partie étudie le cadre juridique et réglementaire dans lequel évolue l'industrie du transport aérien au Sri Lanka. On trouve également une explication de la manière dont les accords bilatéraux de services aériens sont négociés et conclus. Chapitre trois - Ce chapitre contient une analyse détaillée des dispositions principales contenues dans les accords bilatéraux de services aériens conclus par le Sri Lanka. Chapitre quatre - Les infrastructures existantes et les perspectives futures de même que les défis à relever sont examinées dans ce chapitre. Finalement, les conclusions de cette recherche sont présentées et des recommandations visant à une amélioration de l'industrie du transport aérien au Sri Lanka sont dévoilées. v TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 1 CHAPTER ONE ...•.•.•....••....•........................................................................................................................ 5 1.lHISTORICALEVOLUTION oFBILATERALAGREEMENTS ......................................................................... 5 1.1 (a) Pre World War II Bilateralism .................................................................................................. 5 1.1 (b) Post World War II Bilateralism ................................................................................................. 7 1.1 (b) (i) Chicago Form ofStandard Agreement for Provision al Air Routes ...................................... 9 1.2 BERMUDA 1 AGREEMENT .................................................................................................................... Il 1.3 BERMUDA II AGREEMENT ................................................................................................................... 13 1.4 OPEN SKIES AGREEMENTS .................................................................................................................. 14 1.5 NEW TRENDS IN MODERN LIBERAL BILATERALISM - A BRIEF OVERVIEW ......................................... 16 CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................................................ 19 SECTION 1 ................................................................................................................................................