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Een Wijze Uit Het Westen Homo Sacra Res Homini een wijze uit het westen Homo sacra res homini De kerk is in zichzelf zeer onheilig, zij zit vol met menselijke ijdelheden, hartstochten en dwalingen. Dr. A. F. N. Lekkerkerker, predikant Alle hemelse macht staat aan de kant van het recht. Immanuel Kant, filosoof een wijze uit het westen beschouwingen over rudolf otto & het heilige L uitgeverij abraxas amsterdam 2011 Biografische kleinoden b iv © 2011 deze uitgave: Uitgeverij Abraxas, Amsterdam © overige rechten: bij de auteurs of hun erven Samenstelling en bewerking: Daniël Mok Vertaling citaten: M+ Redactie & Communicatie, Amsterdam Vertaling Schweigender Dienst: Frank Diamand Deze uitgave verschijnt ter gelegenheid van de derde Nederlandse druk (een facsimile-uitgave naar de eerste druk) van Rudolf Otto’s Het heilige. De eerste druk van de vertaling van Das Heilige verscheen in 1928 bij Seyffardt’s boek- en muziekhandel te Amsterdam. De tweede druk werd herzien door dr. O. Noordenbos en verscheen in 1963 in de Sterrenserie van C. de Boer jr. / Paul Brand te Hilversum. Omslagontwerp: Marin de Swart Wanneer er twijfel is aan de betekenis van ons leven of aan de zin van de wereld, wil dat zeggen, dat we twijfelen aan God. De onrust van de mensen kan niet anders overwonnen worden dan door deze twijfel heen. (Gerardus van der Leeuw) Das Schaudern ist der Menschsheit bestes Teil Wie auch die Welt ihm das Gefühl verteuere Ergriffen fühlt er tief das Ungeheuere isbn 90-74509-36-1 rubrieken: Godsdienst Interdisciplinair en Psychologie inhoud Voorwoord 9 Rudolph Boeke, Een wijze uit het westen 13 Johan H. Bavinck, Religie begint met zichzelf 28 Hendrik Berkhof, In de traditie van Schleiermacher 32 H. IJ. Groenewegen, Het heilige 36 Otto Karrer, Geen godsdienst zonder mystiek element 54 Ulrich Libbrecht, Religie als oppervlaktestructuur 57 Wim Thys, Iets dat gewenst wordt (Desideratum) 64 Jacques Waardenburg, Irrationele aspecten 66 Jeroen Witkam, Gods heiligheid 69 Karen Armstrong, Jahwe is anders, anders, anders! 71 Theo P. van Baaren, Een wereld die anders is 72 Claas J. Bleeker, Een magistrale analyse 75 Marien van den Boom, Het heilige als ambivalentie 88 Willem. J. Aalders, Mystiek: haar vormen, wezen en waarde 93 Gerardina L. van Dalfsen, Het inwaartse licht bij de Quakers 94 Simon Vestdijk, Religie en filosofie 95 F. J. Tolsma, Contrastharmonie vanuit de psychiatrie 98 P. J. Roscam Abbing, Religieus beleven 101 Gerardus van der Leeuw, Het gans andere 102 Ger Groot, Het onheilspellende 104 C. Berkhouwer, Contrastharmonie vanuit de bijbel 106 Doede Nauta, De Servo Arbitrio 107 Rudolf Otto’s visie op ‘het heilige’ 108 Religiöser Menschheitbund 118 Hendrik Kraemer, Religion and the Christian Faith 122 Dirk Vollenhoven, Getuigen in de wetenschap 129 G. A. van der Wal, De omkering van de wereld 131 Birger Forell, Waar Oost en West elkaar ontmoeten 133 J. van Oort, Aurelius Augustinus 136 Gilles Quispel, Angelus Silezius 137 v Martin Buber, Ik en gij 138 Abraham Joshua Heschel, In het licht van zijn aangezicht 139 Harry Mulisch, Siegfried, Een zwarte idylle 140 Reich Gottes und Menschensohn / West-östliche Mystik 142 Rondom de eerste Nederlandse druk 144 Augustín François Poulain, Unio mystica 152 Th. L. Haitjema, Mystieke vereniging 154 ps.-Dionysius de Areopagiet, De Mystieke Theologie 154 Paul Tillich, De dynamiek van het geloof 155 C. B. Burger, Een beschouwing over Paul Tillich 157 Willem Banning, Religieuze Opbouw 158 Franz Rosenzweig, De Ster van de Verlossing 165 E. L. Segal, Heilig, heilig, heilig is de Heer der Heerscharen 166 Rudolf Otto, On Elephanta 166 Henriëtte Roland Holst / P. N. van Eyck / R. M. Rilke 168 Nicolaas Beets, De moerbeitoppen ruisten 172 K. L. Poll, Over de kennis van goed en kwaad 173 Helen Schucman / eciw, Hedendaagse profetieën 174 Emmanuel Levinas, Ubi caritas et amor, Deus ibi est 176 M. J. Langeveld / Philipp A. Kohnstamm / H. C. Rümke 178 Carl Gustav Jung, De autonomie van het onbewuste 202 Fokke Sierksma, Freud, Jung en de religie 203 Jan Weima, Religieuze twijfel / Mysticism East and West 206 Paul W. Pruyser Tussen geloof en ongeloof 214 E. R. Goodenough, Het tremendum in en buiten ons 220 Blaise Pascal, Mémorial 223 Abraham Joshua Heschel, Momenten 224 Maimonides, De betekenis van ontzag 225 Johannes G. Geelkerken, Dürftig 229 Friedrich Heiler, Levensbeschrijving 230 D. A. Vorster, P. C. Boutens 231 Religieuze vernieuwing, Taizé 232 Numineuze poëzie, en hymnen, William Blake 234 x Isaac Watts, Eternal Power, whose high abode 235 Joseph Addison, The Hand that made us is Divine 236 Hermes Trismegistus, Heilig is God, de Vader van het Al 237 Asclepius, Lofzang op de grootheid van de mens 238 Gerhard Tersteegen, God is nu aanwezig 239 Johannes van het Kruis, De donkere nacht 234 Hans Andreus, M. Vasalis en Simon Vinkenoog 244 Walter Nigg, Over heiligheid en heiligen 245 Mary Noothoven van Goor, Geheim is geheim 246 Johan Taels, Het heilige en het reële Mircea Eliade, Het heilige en het profane F. W. Robertson, De onthulling van het mysterie Vertaling Schweigender Dienst Aalders, Willem. J. 5 Heschel, Abraham J. 141, Religiöser Menschheit- Addison, Joseph 236 227 bund 5 Andreus, Hans 244, 259 Holst, H. Roland 134, 170 Rilke, R. M. 6 Armstrong, Karen 5 Johannes van het Kruis Robertson, F. W. 248, 265 Asclepius 7, 238 154, 262 Roscam Abbing, P. J. 5 Augustinus, Aurelius 138 Jung, Carl Gustav 6 Rosenzweig, Franz 6, 167 Baaren, Theo P. van 5 Karrer, Otto 5 Rümke, H. C. 191-194 Banning, Willem 6, 166 Kellendonk, Frans 8 Schleiermacher, F. 34-37, Bavinck, Johan H. 5 Kohnstamm, Philipp A. 6 Schucman, Helen 268 Beets, Nicolaas 6, 174 Kraemer, Hendrik 5 Schweigender Dienst 4, 7 Berkhof, Hendrik 5 Langeveld, M. J. 103, 186 Segal, E. L. 6, 168 Berkhouwer, C. 5 Leeuw, Gerardus van der 5 Sierksma, Fokke 99, 204 Bleeker, Claas J. 5 Levinas, Emmanuel 178 Silezius, Angelus 5, 139 Boeke, Rudolph 5 Libbrecht, Ulrich 5 Taels, Johan 7, 257 Boom, Marien van den 5 Maimonides 225-228, 262 Taizé 6, 232, 233 Boutens, P. C. 6, 231 Mulisch. Harry 6 Tersteegen, Gerhard 129 Buber, Martin 6 Nauta, Doede 5 Thys, Wim 5 Burger, C. B. 6 Nigg, Walter 224, 246, 247 Tillich, Paul 6 Dalfsen, Gerardina L. van 5 Noothoven van Goor, Mary Tolsma, F. J. 5 Dionysius de Areopagiet, Oort, J. van 5 Trismegistus, Hermes 238 ps.- 6 Otto, Rudolf Vasalis, M. 7, 244 Eliade, Mircea 7, 259 Pascal, Blaise 245, 246 Vestdijk, Simon 5 Eyck, P. N. van 6, 172 Poll, K. L. 6, 175 Vinkenoog, Simon 7, 244 Forell, Birger 5 Poulain, Augustín F. 6 Vollenhoven, Dirk 5 Geelkerken, Johannes G. 6 Pruyser, Paul W. 6, 222 Vorster, D. A. 96, 231, 242 Goodenough, E. R. 220 Quakers 5, 26, 27, 96, 263 Waardenburg, Jacques 5 Groenewegen, H. IJ. 5 Quispel, Gilles 5 Wal, G. A. van der 5 Groot, Ger 5 Reich Gottes 6 Watts, Isaac 7, 235 Haitjema, Th. L. 6 Religie en filosofie 5 Weima, Jan 6, 193, 201 Heiler, Friedrich 137, 230 Religieuze vernieuwing 6 Witkam, Jeroen 5 7 Heilig is wat geheiligd wordt en God troont op de gezangen van de mensen. (Frans Kellendonk, 1987) K Het godsbeleven kan twee wegen gaan, zoals Rudolf Otto betoogde: de weg van de Einheitsschau en die van de Innenschau. In het eerste geval schouwt de mens in de veelheid van deze wereld het Ene; in het tweede geval werpt hij het peillood in zichzelf uit om de Grond der dingen te vinden. Hij is zeer zeker een geeste- lijk zoeker, maar op de tweede weg laat hij ook de eigen bewuste geest achter zich. In de extase bereikt hij de eenheid met de kwaliteitsloze God. De God, die de godszoeker leert kennen, is zó geestelijk, dat Hij alleen door verijlde ter- men, zoals ‘de woestijn’, ‘de stilte’, ‘de eenzaamheid’ kan worden omschreven en dat Scotus Eriugena (810-877) zeer paradoxaal kon zeggen: God heeft de schepping uit zichzelf voortgebracht, want Hij is het Niets, dat is: de onuitspreke- lijke, onbegrijpelijke en ongenaakbare luister van het goddelijk wezen. Hij is niet en was niet en zal niet zijn, omdat Hij meer is dan Zijn. (De divisione naturae 3, 18-19). (Claas Bleeker, 1952) K De mens die zichzelf vindt, vindt God als die hem oordeelt, vindt eigen crea- tuurlijkheid, eigen nietigheid, eigen zonde. In zijn conscienta (geweten) hoort hij de stem Gods, in zijn bewustzijn vindt hij het medeweten van het Volstrekt Andere. Nog beter spreken wij de religieuze taal, wanneer wij het omkeren: de mens die God ontdekt, ontdekt zichzelf. Met diepe eerbied gedenken wij Rudolf Otto, die ons leerde deze dingen weer te begrijpen. Hoeveel ook én op het terrein der godsdienstgeschiedenis én op dat der methodologie en psycho- logie veranderd moge zijn, het werk van Otto zal zijn fundamentele betekenis nog zeer lang behouden want Het heilige heeft zijn plaats gevonden en een invloed verworven die verre uitreikt boven theologie en godsdienstwetenschap. (Gerardus van der Leeuw, 1937) Er moet nog veel werk worden verricht, voordat het psychiatrische begrip ziekte, het juridische begrip schuld en het theologisch begrip zonde in een nieuw gevormd brandpunt één en ondeelbaar zullen samenkomen. Dr. F. J. Tolsma, zenuwarts In iedere taal blijft het heilige mysterieus en verborgen voor de profanen. Laat ze maar knagen aan de schil zoveel ze willen. Maar belet ons niet de god te aanbidden die in u aanwezig zal zijn. Friedrich Schleiermacher 10 voorwoord Terwijl in de ons omringende landen de ene na de andere druk verscheen van Rudolf Otto’s boek Het heilige, bleef het in Nederland bij twee drukken. In 1928 verscheen de ver taling van de Aaltense predikant Johannes Dippel. Dr. Oene Noordenbos heeft deze vertaling herzien en Paul Brand bracht in 1963 de herdruk uit.
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