GENEALOGI TRADISI TAHLILAN DAN TIPOLOGI RESEPSI QS AR-RA’D (13): 28 PADA MASYARAKAT KESULTANAN TERNATE Yang Disusun Oleh : MUHAMMAD SAKTI GARWAN, S.Ag

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GENEALOGI TRADISI TAHLILAN DAN TIPOLOGI RESEPSI QS AR-RA’D (13): 28 PADA MASYARAKAT KESULTANAN TERNATE Yang Disusun Oleh : MUHAMMAD SAKTI GARWAN, S.Ag GENEALOGI TRADISI TAHLILAN DAN TIPOLOGI RESEPSI QS AR-RA’D (13): 28 PADA MASYARAKAT KESULTANAN TERNATE Oleh: Muhammad Sakti Garwan 18205010060 TESIS Diajukan Kepada Program Magister (S2) Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Pemikiran Islam UIN Sunan Kalijaga untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat guna Memperoleh Gelar Magister Agama (M.Ag) Konsentrasi Studi Al-Qur’an dan Hadis YOGYAKARTA 2020 i GENEALOGI TRADISI TAHLILAN DAN TIPOLOGI RESEPSI QS AR-RA’D (13): 28 PADA MASYARAKAT KESULTANAN TERNATE Oleh: Muhammad Sakti Garwan 18205010060 TESIS Diajukan Kepada Program Magister (S2) Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Pemikiran Islam UIN Sunan Kalijaga untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat guna Memperoleh Gelar Magister Agama (M.Ag) Konsentrasi Studi Al-Qur’an dan Hadis YOGYAKARTA 2020 ii PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN DAN BEBAS DARI PLAGIARISME Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini : Nama : Muhammad Sakti Garwan, S.Ag NIM : 18205010060 Fakultas : Ushuluddin dan Pemikiran Islam Jenjang : Magister Program Studi : Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam Konsentrasi : Studi Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam menyatakan bahwa naskah tesis ini secara keseluruhan adalah hasil penelitian/karya saya sendiri, kecuali pada bagian-bagian yang dirujuk sumbernya. Naskah tesis ini bebas dari plagiarisme. Jika di kemudian hari terbukti bahwa naskah tesis ini bukan karya saya sendiri atau terdapat plagiasi di dalamnya, maka saya siap ditindak sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku. Yogyakarta, Saya yang menyatakan, Materai 6000 Muhammad Sakti Garwan, S.Ag NIM: 18205010060 iii KEMENTERIAN AGAMA REPUBLIK INDONESIA UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SUNAN KALIJAGA FAKULTAS USHULUDDIN DAN PEMIKIRAN ISLAM Alamat : Jl. Marsda Adisucipto Telp. (0274) 512156, Fax. (0274) 512156 http://ushuluddin.uin-suka.ac.id Yogyakarta 55281 PENGESAHAN TESIS Nomor : B…… /Un.02/DU/PP/05.3/../2018 Tesis berjudul : GENEALOGI TRADISI TAHLILAN DAN TIPOLOGI RESEPSI QS AR-RA’D (13): 28 PADA MASYARAKAT KESULTANAN TERNATE yang disusun oleh : MUHAMMAD SAKTI GARWAN, S.Ag Nama : Muhammad Sakti Garwan NIM : 18205010060 Fakultas : Ushuluddin dan Pemikiran Islam Jenjang : Magister (S2) Program Studi : Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam Konsentrasi : Studi Al-Qur’an dan Hadis Tanggal Ujian : telah dapat diterima sebagai salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Magister Agama. Yogyakarta, Dekan, Dr. Alim Roswantoro, S.Ag., M.Ag. NIP. 19681208 199803 1 002 iv PERSETUJUAN TIM PENGUJI UJIAN TESIS Tesis berjudul : GENEALOGI TRADISI TAHLILAN DAN TIPOLOGI RESEPSI QS AR-RA'D (13): 28 PADA MASYARAKAT KESULTANAN TERNATE Nama : MUHAMMAD SAKTI GARWAN NIM : 18205010060 Fakultas : Ushuluddin dan Pemikiran Islam Jenjang : Program Studi Magister (S2) Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam Konsentrasi : Studi Al-Qur’an Hadis telah disetujui tim penguji ujian tesis Ketua : Dr. Inayah Rohmaniyah, S.Ag., M.Hum., M.A ( ) Sekretaris : Dr. Imam Iqbal, S.Fil.I, M.S.I ( ) Anggota :. Dr. Afdawaiza, S.Ag M.Ag. ( ) Diuji di Yogyakarta pada tanggal 02 April 2020 Pukul : 09:00 s/d 10:00 WIB Hasil/ Nilai : 96 / A dengan IPK : 3,84 Predikat : Dengan Memuaskan/ Sangat Memuaskan/ Pujian* * Coret yang tidak perlu v NOTA DINAS PEMBIMBING Kepada Yth., Ketua Program Studi Magister (S2) Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Pemikiran Islam UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta Assalamu 'alaikum wr. wb. Disampaikan dengan hormat, setelah melakukan bimbingan, arahan, dan koreksi terhadap penulisan tesis yang berjudul: GENEALOGI TRADISI TAHLILAN DAN TIPOLOGI RESEPSI QS AR-RA’D (13): 28 PADA MASYARAKAT KESULTANAN TERNATE Yang ditulis oleh : Nama : Muhammad Sakti Garwan, S.Ag NIM : 18205010060 Fakultas : Ushuluddin dan Pemikiran Islam Jenjang : Program Studi Magister (S2) Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam Konsentrasi : Studi Al-Qur’an dan Hadis Saya berpendapat bahwa tesis tersebut sudah dapat diajukan kepada Program Studi Magister (S2) Aqidah dan Filsafat Islam Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Pemikiran Islam UIN Sunan Kalijaga untuk diujikan dalam rangka memperoleh gelar Magister Agama. Wassalamu'alaikum wr. wb. Yogyakarta, 18 Februari 2020 Pembimbing Dr. Inayah Rohmaniyah, S.Ag., M. Hum., M.A., vi MOTTO َ َ َ َ ۡ ُ ْ َ ۡ ُ َ ۡ ُك ُ َ َ َ ُ او ْ َ ۡ ُ َ ل َوع َٰٓس أن تك َرهوا ش يوا َوه َو يٞرل َ ك ۡۖ َوع َٰٓس أن ِحُّوا ش وي ا َوه َو ر ُك ُ ۡ َ ُك ُ َ ۡ َ َ َ ُ ۡ َ َ ۡ َ َ َك ۚۡۖ و ٱّلل يعل ُۖ وأن تۖ َل تعل ُمون ٢١٦ Boleh jadi kamu membenci sesuatu, padahal ia amat baik bagimu, dan boleh jadi (pula) kamu menyukai sesuatu, padahal ia amat buruk bagimu; Allah mengetahui, sedang kamu tidak mengetahui Rayulah Allah Dengan Kerja Keras, Niscaya Akan di Balas Oleh-Nya Dengan Nikmat Tanpa Batas vii PERSEMBAHAN Karya sederhana ini penulis dedikasikan untuk mereka yang selalu memberikan segenap cinta, kasih sayang, motivasi, nasihat serta ilmu yang bermanfaat dalam hidup penulis; Ibu & Ayah Adik-adikku Keluarga Guru Sahabat Teman viii PEDOMAN TRANSLITERASI ARAB-LATIN Berdasarkan Transliterasi Arab-Indonesia pada tesis ini merujuk pada Surat Keputusan Bersama Menteri Agama dan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Nomor: 158/1997 dan 0543b/U/1987. A. Konsonan Tunggal Huruf Nama Huruf Latin Keterangan Arab Alif Tidak dilambangkan Tidak dilambangkan ا bâ’ B Be ب tâ’ T Te ت (śâ’ Ś es (dengan titik di atas ث Jim J Je ج (â’ a (dengan titik di bawah ح khâ’ Kh ka dan ha خ Dâl D De د (Żâl Ż żet (dengan titik di atas ذ râ’ R Er ر Zai Z Zet ز Sin S Es س Syin Sy es dan ye ش (âd es (dengan titik di bawah ص (âd de (dengan titik di bawah ض (ţâ’ Ţ te (dengan titik di bawah ط (â’ zet (dengan titik dibawah ظ (ain ‘ koma terbalik (di atas‘ ع Gain G ge dan ha غ fâ’ F Ef ف Qâf Q Qi ق Kâf K Ka ك Lâm L El ل ix Mîm M Em م Nûn N En ن Wâwû W We و hâ’ H Ha ﻫ Hamzah ’ Apostrof ﺀ yâ’ Y Ye ي B. Konsonan Rangkap Konsonan rangkap yang disebabkan oleh syaddah ditulis rangkap. contoh : Ditulis Nazzala ﻨزّل Ditulis Bihinna ﺒﻬنّ C. Ta’ Marbutah diakhir Kata 1. Bila dimatikan ditulis h Ditulis Hikmah ﺣﻜﻤﺔ Ditulis ‘illah ﻋﻠﺔ (ketentuan ini tidak diperlukan bagi kata-kata Arab yang sudah terserap dalam bahasa Indonesia, seperti salat, zakat dan sebagainya kecuali dikehendaki lafal lain). 2. Bila diikuti dengan kata sandang ‘al’ serta bacaan kedua itu terpisahh maka ditulis dengan h. ’Ditulis Karāmah al-auliyā ﻜﺮاﻤﺔاﻷوﻠﻴﺎء 3. Bila ta’ marbutah hidup atau dengan harakat fathah, kasrah dan dammah ditulis t atau h. x Ditulis Zakāh al-fiţri زﻜﺎﺓاﻠﻔﻄﺮ D. Vokal Pendek fathah Ditulis A ﹷ ditulis fa’ala ﻓﻌﻞ kasrah Ditulis I ﹻ ditulis Żukira ﺬﻜﺮ dammah Ditulis U ﹹ ditulis Yażhabu ﻴﺬﻫﺐ E. Vokal Panjang Fathah + alif Ditulis Ā 1 ditulis Falā ﻔﻼ Fathah + ya’ mati Ditulis Ā 2 ditulis Tansā ﺘﻧﺳﻰ 3 Kasrah + ya’ mati Ditulis Ī ditulis Tafshīl ﺘﻔﺼﻴل Dlammah + wawu Ditulis Ū 4 mati ditulis l ﺃﺼﻮﻞ F. Vokal Rangkap Fathah + ya’ mati Ditulis Ai 1 ditulis az-zuhailî اﻠﺰﻫﻴﻠﻲ 2 Fatha + wawu mati Ditulis Au xi ditulis ad-daulah اﻠﺪﻮﻠﺔ G. Kata Pendek yang Berurutan dalam Satu Kata Dipisahkan dengan Apostrof Ditulis A’antum ﺃﺃﻧﺘم Ditulis ’iddat ﺃﻋﺪﺖ Ditulis La’in syakartum ﻟﺌنﺸﻜﺮﺘم H. Kata Sandang Alif dan Lam 1. Bila diikuti huruf qomariyyah ditulis dengan menggunakan huruf “l” Ditulis Al-Qur’ân اﻟﻘﺮﺃن Ditulis Al-Qiyâs اﻟﻘﻴاﺲ 2. Bila diikuti huruf Syamsiyyah ditulis dengan menggunakan huruf Syamsiyyah yang mengikutinya, dengan menghilangkan huruf l (el) nya. ’Ditulis As-Samā اﻟﺴﻤاﺀ Ditulis Asy-Syams اﻟﺷﻤﺶ I. Penulisan Kata-kata dalam Rangkaian Kalimat Ditulis Menurut Penulisnya Ditulis Ża ī al-fur ﺬوياﻠﻔﺮﻮﺾ Ditulis Ahl as-sunnah ﺃﻫﻞاﻠﺴﻨﺔ xii ABSTRAK Tradisi tahlilan pada masyarakat kesultanan Ternate dianggap sebagai identitas kultural dan tidak dianggap sebagai tradisi khas NU. Hal ini disebabkan karena akulturasi yang dilakukan masyarakat antara tradisi lokal dengan tradisi Islam yang dibawa oleh para muballigh Arab-Persia. Dari segi prosesinya tradisi tahlilan pada masyarakat kesultanan Ternate terdapat pola resepsi (pembacaan/penerimaan) terhadap QS ar-Ra’d (13): 28. Penelitian ini mencoba menggali tahlilan dari dua aspek yakni genealogi tradisi tahlilan dan resepsi masyarakat terhadap QS ar-Ra’d (13): 28, dengan meliputi dua rumusan masalah, pertama, Bagaimana genealogi tradisi tahlilan pada masyarakat kesultanan Ternate?. Kedua, Bagaimana tipologi resepsi QS ar-Ra’d (13): 28 oleh masyarakat Kesultanan Ternate dalam tradisi tahlilan?. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis field research (penelitian lapangan) yang berlokasi di wilayah Kesultanan Ternate. Subjek penelitian ini terdapat pada masyarakat kesultanan Ternate. Para informan meliputi imam besar (jou kalem), kerabat sultan, tokoh masyarakat dan tokoh agama yang juga merupakan bagian dari sumber data primer penelitian. Sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari arsip-arsip dalam bentuk buku dan karya tulis. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi yang kemudian dianalisis dengan cara reduksi, penyajian data dan kesimpulan. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan living Qur’an. Selain itu, teori yang diaplikasikan adalah teori genealogi Michel Foucault, dan teori resepsi, serta tinjauan surface structure dan deep structure. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa tradisi tahlilan di masyarakat kesultanan Ternate terdapat proses marginalisasi dari segi sejarah, tradisi tersebut diindikasi datang bersamaan dengan masuknya Islam di Moloku Kie Raha yang dibawa oleh para guru-guru sufi dari tanah Arab. Namun, pada kenyataannya tradisi tahlilan dibawa oleh sultan Zainal Abidin Syah serta beberapa ulama Jawa. Proses marginalisasi juga dilakukan dengan menghilangkan unsur budaya Jawa dalam tradisi tersebut. Selain itu, proses normalisasi tradisi tahlilan terdapat pada peralatan yang digunakan, eksistensi tradisi tahlilan di masyarakat kesultanan Ternate yang tidak hanya dilakukan oleh kelompok Islam tradisional melainkan juga dilakukan oleh masyarakat kota dan modern. Tradisi tahlilan tidak hanya dilaksanakan pada upacara kematian saja, namun pada pernikahan, aqiqahan, menyambut bulan ramadhan dan beberapa agenda acara lainnya di masyarakat kesultanan Ternate. Pada aspek resepsi pada QS ar-Ra’d (13) 28 oleh masyarakat kesultanan Ternate tergambar dalam tipologi resepsi yang meliputi eksegesis, estetis dan fungsional.
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