FHSMUN 41
28 February – 2 March 2020 Hilton Orlando/Altamonte Springs
Florida’s flagship high school Model United Nations conference returns for its 41st year. This four day conference is perfect for students interested in international affairs, economics, human rights, and political science. Whether you or your delegates are new to Model UN, or have been participating for years, FHSMUN 41 is the conference for you.
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FHSMUN 41 Conference Statement • • •
Contents A Note of Thanks...... 4 • • • ...... 4 About Us ...... 4 Letter from the Chairman of the Board, Casey Morell ...... 5 Letter from the Secretary-General, Maryana Curci ...... 6 FHSMUN’s Board of Directors ...... 7 Staff Member Listing ...... 1 Participating Schools ...... 2 Committees and Topics ...... 3 2020 Climate Change Conference: UNFCCC COP 26 ...... 4 Resolution 1.1 - Climate Change Mitigation and Stakeholder Participation ...... 6 Resolution 1.2 – Short Term Economic Plan (STEP) – A Stepping Stone to Stopping Climate Change ...... 10 Resolution 1.3 - Renewable Energy, Funds, Economics, & Resilience (REFER) ...... 13 2020 Sustainable Innovation Forum (SIF 20) ...... 17 SIF 2020 Report 1.1 – Change Mitigation, Stakeholder Participation, Climate Change and Governance ...... 18 Resolution 1.1 – Climate Change Mitigation, Stake holder Participation, Climate Governance and Finance ...... 22 Resolution 1.2 – Climate Change Mitigation, Stakeholder Participation, Climate Governance and Finance ...... 25 Resolution 1.3 – Sustainable Technologies, Renewables, and other Novels Commitments (S.T.R.O.N.C.) - Education, Innovation and Mitigation/Alternative Methods, Sustainable Innovation ...... 28 European Union ...... 31 Resolution 1.1 – State of the Union 2020: Brexit and Expansion ...... 32 Resolution 1.2 – State of the Union 2020: Brexit and Expanison ...... 35 General Assembly First Committee (GA1) ...... 39 Resolution 1.1 – Assistance to States in Curbing the Illicit Traffic in Small Arms and Light Weapons (SAWLs) ...... 41 Resolution 1.2 – Curbing the Trade of Small Arms and Light Weapons ...... 44
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Resolution 1.3 - Regulating the Importation of, Manufacturing of, and Exportation of Small Arms and Light Weapons ...... 47 Resolution 2.1 – United Nations Oversight of Nuclear Weapons ...... 50 Resolution 2.2 – Towards a Nuclear Weapons Free World: Accelerating the Implementation of Nuclear Disarmament Commitments ...... 52 Resolution 2.3 – Accelerating Nuclear Disarmament ...... 57 Resolution 2.4 – Towards a Nuclear-Weapons-Free World: Accelerating the Implementation of Nuclear Disarmament Commitments ...... 59 General Assembly Second Committee (GA2) ...... 61 Resolution 1.1 – Loving Our Financial Initiatives (LOFI) ...... 63 Resolution 1.3 – Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience ...... 67 Resolution 2.1 – Justful Absolvement of Hindrances (JAH) ...... 72 Resolution 2.2 – Furthering Opportunities Regarding the Noble International Tangible Entities (FORTNITE) ...... 76 Resolution 2.3 – International Finance: External Debt and Development – Sustainable Wealth Across Generations (SWAG) ...... 78 Security Council ...... 80 Resolution 1.1 – The Situation in Afghanistan and Pakistan ...... 81 Resolution 1.2 – The Situation in Afghanistan and Pakistan ...... 86 Resolution 1.3 – The Situation in Afghanistan and Pakistan ...... 89 Resolution 1.4 – The Situation in Afghanistan and Pakistan ...... 92 Crisis Resolution 2.1 – The Situation in Myanmar and Bangladesh ...... 96 Resolution 3.1 – National Elections and Judicial Reform in Libya ...... 101 Resolution 3.2 – The Situation in Libya ...... 104 Resolution 3.3 – The Situation in Libya ...... 108 Resolution 3.4 – The Situation in Libya ...... 111 Resolution 3.5 – The Situation in Libya ...... 115 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) ...... 117 Resolution 1.1 – Digital Privacy and Combating Cybercrime ...... 119 Resolution 1.2 – Digital Privacy and Combating Cybercrime ...... 121 Resolution 1.3 – Digital Privacy and Combating Cybercrimes ...... 124 Resolution 1.4 – Digital Privacy and Combating Cybercrimes ...... 126 Resolution 1.5 – Digital Privacy and Combating Cybercrime ...... 128
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Resolution 2.1 – Alternative Development ...... 130 Resolution 2.2 – Alternative Development ...... 132 United Nations Women (UN Women) ...... 134 Resolution 1.1 – State of the World’s Women 2020 ...... 136 Resolution 1.2 – State of the World’s Women 2020 ...... 138 World Health Organization – (WHO) ...... 142 Resolution 1.1 – Disease Control and Humanitarian Emergencies ...... 144 Resolution 1.2 – Disease Control and Humanitarian Emergencies ...... 145 Resolution 1.3 - Disease Control and Humanitarian Emergencies ...... 148 Resolution 1.4 - Disease Control and Humanitarian Emergencies ...... 151 Resolution 1.5 – Disease Control and Humanitarian Emergencies ...... 153 Resolution 2.1 – Health Laws and Universal Health Coverage ...... 155 Resolution 2.2 – Health Laws and Universal Health Coverage ...... 159
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A Note of Thanks We are FHSMUN. • • •
FHSMUN is Florida’s premier Model United The Staff, and Board Nations Organization of Directors would like to thank all of the About Us We were established in 1980, when students and professors past and present from the University of South Florida (USF) convened the first delegates, advisers, conference in Tallahassee. For more than 40 years, Secretariat, Staff, and FHSMUN has grown into one of the most well-respected Board members for and largest middle and high school Model UN organizations in the southeast because of the their support and extraordinary commitment of the Staff, the Board of contributions over the Directors, universities and community organizations. last four decades. We FHSMUN’s focus has always been its educational mission are working diligently and the Staff and Board of Directors remain firmly committed to that vital educational mission. to ensure that future delegates and We are a unique Model United Nations organization for advisers benefit from two fundamental reasons: FHSMUN’s persistent 1) we hold a variety of Model UN conferences throughout the state, and; emphasis on its 2) the educational mission guides all of the decisions and educational mission. processes for the organization. Attending schools come from all parts of the state of Florida and the Staff represents most of the state universities and a number of private colleges throughout Florida.
Beginning in 2000, FHSMUN has also been able to attract schools from other states including Indiana, Georgia, Texas, and Connecticut, as well as international schools hailing from Albania, El Salvador, Singapore, and Turkey.
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FHSMUN 41 Conference Statement • • •
Letter from the Chairman of the Board, Casey Morell
Friends,
In a world whose geopolitical increasingly frayed and strained, it may be easy to simply retreat into ourselves and ignore some of the larger problems in the world. A return to isolationism may seem appealing when looking at the many fractured situations and scenarios afflicting so many of the world's peoples today.
That stance, though, is foolhardy. Now, more than ever, international cooperation and dedication to attacking problems directly is needed. Through their work at the 39th Florida High Schools Model United Nations Conference, delegates made incredible strides in improving access to education and healthcare. They worked to reform the United Nations, to defuse political tensions, and to elevating the role and work of women and girls. This was just a small selection.
It is inspiring to see so many young people, whose optimism and visions for the future brought them together over a weekend, working to try to make our world a better place.
May their work and dedication inspire us all as we try our hardest to improve this place we call home.
Fondly,
Casey Morell
Chairman of the Board of Directors
Florida High Schools Model United Nations, Inc.
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Letter from the Secretary-General, Maryana Curci
FHSMUN Family,
It has been an absolute honor and privilege to be your Secretary-General for the FHSMUN 41 flagship conference!
At the beginning of this weekend, I saw eager high school students engage in impressive debates discussing real issues that affect millions of people around the globe. By the conclusion of your committees, I had witnessed young and eager diplomats tackle these issues that still perplex the international community with grace, cooperation, and an undeniable enthusiasm. This is what FHSMUN is all about! All that I can hope is that you take what you learned here, and approach every aspect of your life with the same enthusiasm.
It was an honor to watch you all work. We are in awe of you, and we are eager to see what you do next!
Your Secretary-General,
Maryana Curci Secretary General, FHSMUN XL Florida High Schools Model United Nations, Inc.
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FHSMUN’s Board of Directors
Asvin Srinivasan Alison Bowman Chairman of the Board Director of Conference Support Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]
Brian Sutliff Grant Lewis Executive Director, Director of External Affairs Treasurer, Email: [email protected] Director of Academics, Director of Advisor/School Relations Sasha Ahles Email: [email protected] Director of Conference Management Email: [email protected] Heather Ahles Recording Secretary Natasha Tate Email: [email protected] Director of Technology Services Email: [email protected] John Robson Registered Agent Casey Morell Email: [email protected] Board Member At Large Email: [email protected]
Bryce Tapp Board Member At Large Email: [email protected]
Maryana Curci Board Member At Large Email: [email protected]
Sierra Early Board Member At Large Email: [email protected]
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Staff Member Listing
Asvin Srinivasan Alexander Sullivan
Executive Director, Secretariat Director, General Assembly Second
Brian D. Sutliff Liam Worth Director, Home Government Assistant Director, General Assembly Second
Bryce Tapp Merin Thomas Assistant Director, Home Government Director, UNODC
Natasha Tate Jermaine Covington Staff, Home Government Assistant Director, UNODC
Stephan Skora Michelle Carabes Staff, Home Government Director, UNWOMEN
Heather Ahles Euribiades Cerrud
Director, Conference Services Assistant Director, UNWOMEN
Sasha Ahles Anay Patel
Director, Conference Services Director, World Health Organization
Sierra Early Broc Wesselman Floating Assistant Director, Conference Services Assistant Director, World Health Organization
Maryana Curci Ted Panos Secretary General, Secretariat Director, European Union
Joshua Pollock John Cotter
Under Secretary General, Secretariat Assistant Director, European Union
Dominique Schmidt Nikhil Patel Chief of Staff, Secretariat Director, COP26
Isabel Muir Sam Bookhardt Director, Security Council Assistant Director, COP26
Andrew Klein Ashley Fernandez Assistant Director, Security Council Director, SIF20
Grant Lewis Alexandra Philippidis Director, General Assembly First Assistant Director, SIF20 Staff, Conference Services Devynne Duke Assistant Director, General Assembly First Casey Gartland Assistant Director, SIF20
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Participating Schools
High School Name Advisor’s Name Countries Represented Archimedean Upper Agostina Morgante Austria, Chile Conservatory Bishop Moore Brian McAnich & Eric Moskovitz Equatorial Guinea Canterbury Gina Donovan Argentina, Korea (Republic), Egypt Christian Academy of Ricky Kim Slovenia, Guatemala, Israel Guatemala Clearwater Central Gina O’Brien Germany, Bulgaria, Kenya, Mexico, Catholic Vietnam DeLand Katie Kranz Indonesia, Denmark Dr. Phillips Stephanie Crim Malta, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Jordan Florida SouthWestern Teresa Palmer Cote d’Ivoire, Spain, Japan Collegiate Florida Virtual School Jennifer Drescher Cyprus, Switzerland Hillsborough Jason Wiggins Canada, Dominican Republic, China John A. Ferguson Manuel Diaz United States Lake Howell Ghada Zeidan New Zealand Land O’Lakes David Berger Estonia, Nigeria, Iraq Orlando Science Schools Connor Beltramo Kuwait Oviedo Adeleida Ehinger India Pedro Menendez Morgan Reed South Africa, Netherlands, Colombia Pine Ridge John Navarra Poland Sarasota Military Jennifer Vanston Czechia, Luxembourg, Iran Academy Southeast Carolyn Luker Croatia Spruce Creek Melanie Wilson Sweden St. Petersburg Catholic Maximilian Hart Russian Federation, Italy High School Suncoast High School Tara Baruch Turkey, Ireland Tampa Bay Home School Matthew Youngster Belgium Timber Creek Marius Tesch United Kingdom, Portugal Trinity Prep Brandon Burmeister Syria, Ukraine, Nicaragua University Don Sarro Brazil Windmere High School Gordon Weaver United Arab Emirates Windmere Prep Jason Hammer Morocco Winter Park Jospeh LoVerso & France, Romania Tim Arnold
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Committees and Topics
• 2020 Climate Change Conference (COP 26) o Climate Change Mitigation o Stakeholder Participation o Climate Governance
• 2020 Sustainable Innovation Forum (SIF 20) o Climate Change Mitigation o Stakeholder Participation o Climate Governance
• European Union o Special Session of the Council of the European Union – State of the Union 2020: Brexit and Expansion
• General Assembly First Committee (GA1) o Ending the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons (SALWs) o Towards a nuclear weapons-free world; accelerating the implementation of nuclear disarmament commitments
• General Assembly Second Committee (GA2) o Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience o International Finance and Development
• Security Council o The Situation in Afghanistan o The Situation in Libya
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) o Digital Privacy and Combating Cybercrimes o Alternative Development
• UN Women o State of the World’s Women 2020 o Inclusive National and Local Planning
• World Health Organization o Disease Control in Humanitarian Emergencies o Health Laws and Universal Health Coverage
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2020 Climate Change Conference: UNFCCC COP 26 The 2020 Climate Change Conference (COP 26) is appropriate for all delegates and will explore issues related to climate change & environmental policy.
*The resolutions are worked on and passed individually by COP 26. Then there is a joint session with SIF 20 in order to amend the resolution together. The final resolutions are then a result of joint work between COP 26 and SIF 20.
Topics:
• Climate Change Mitigation • Stakeholder Participation • Climate Governance and Finance
Country Delegate Australia Grace Lim Austria Princess Rojas Belgium Collin Greenhalgh Brazil Gavin Aagaard Bulgaria Sophia Melilli Canada Robby Burton Colombia Isai Salcedo Croatia Simone Liang DPRK Shaun George Denmark Will Adams Finland Catherine Valencia France Chung To Germany Robert Heiss Italy Thomas Orsini Luxembourg Curstin George Morocco Tessa Best Netherlands Angela Ramsey Peru Alexia Ramos
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Poland Teresa Quinones South Africa Mandy Gaw Spain Kimberly Hargrave Sweden Marta Zherukha United States Paola Casares
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Resolution 1.1 - Climate Change Mitigation and Stakeholder Participation
FHSMUN 41 Conference of Parties 26 Sponsors: Croatia, Denmark, Indonesia, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Peru, Poland, South Africa, and Spain Signatories: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Columbia, DPRK, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Slovenia, and Sweden
The 26th Conference of Parties,
Bearing in mind the necessity for renewable energy sources,
Emphasizing the importance of education regarding climate change,
Conscious of the disproportionate impact of climate change on women,
Deeply concerned with the lack of healthcare and sanitation regarding climate change effects,
Recognizing the need for establishing more sustainable agriculture and industrial practices,
Stressing the importance of ensuring international cooperation and transparency regarding climate change policies and practices,
Guided by the negative impact of climate change and natural disasters, especially in LDCs,
1. Reaffirms the need for sustainable agricultural and industrial practice, by means of: a. Maintaining sustainable policies that are already in practice within industrial corporations, such as: i. Using raw materials to their fullest extent, ii. Recycling expended materials to create new, different products, iii. Reusing existing products whenever possible, and iv. Reusing lithium and other raw materials from e-waste, b. Extending sustainable practices using above subclauses, as well as: i. Further reliance of renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, or hydrostatic, instead of coal, and ii. Research into other practices related to industry-specific sustainable practices, and c. Implementing sustainable agriculture practices, such as: i. Allowing produce fields to naturally replenish nutrients instead of artificially replenishing nutrients via fertilizer or draining the fields of their nutrients,
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ii. Altering the rearing policy of livestock to lower extensive rates of methane and carbon dioxide emissions, especially by altering the diet of the livestock to do so, and iii. Researching methods to decrease product loss of agricultural products as a result of climate change;
2. Emphasizes the need for international cooperation with regard to the application of climate change policies and practices, including but not limited to the Paris Climate Agreement and the Kyoto Protocol, by means of: a. An annual meeting of all countries willing to participate or interested in participating, in policies regarding climate change, to discuss: i. Relative successes of a country’s implementation of a specific policy practice, ii. Any struggles or concerns that a country has with implementing a specific policy or practice, and iii. Any other questions, comments, or concerns that any attending country has regarding the application of climate change policies, and b. Encouraging international participation in the EU’s Monitoring Mechanism Regulation (MMR) to: i. Maintain full transparency between nations, ii. Statistically represent the relative successes or failures of implementing specific policies, iii. Provide statistical data for the purpose of further analysis about the causes and effects of climate change on a country to country basis if available;
3. Recommends that the international community responds proactively to natural disasters exacerbated by climate change, with regards to: a. Implementing sustainable housing practices for those urbanizing at a rapid rate, b. Responding to natural disasters such as floods, fire, hurricanes, and others as soon as possible, to establish: i. Short-term relief effort of food, immediate medical supplies, short-term housing for displaced persons, water and other necessary items, ii. Long term relief through the establishment of: i. Permanent local hospitals and selected necessary buildings funded by the International Monetary Fund and other United Nations organizations such as the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) or United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), ii. Sustainable housing for damaged or destroyed homes, or update even if livable, and iii. Replenishment of agricultural products until the community is stable again, and c. Establishment of further country to country partnerships to improve response time along with funding and improve comradery; 7
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4. Draws the attention to replace fossil fuels and greenhouse emissions for renewable energy sources such as: a. Solar, wind, and water-powered sources, i. Which will be funded by NGOs such as Bright Green Energy Foundation, Synergie Solar, and the Institute for Energy Conservation, and ii. Emphasis for further research into renewable energy in cooperation with SIF, and b. Suggesting of the use of green bonds, which are governmental incentives for converting to renewable energy sources, to fund renewable energy conservation;
5. Supports the implementation of education surrounding climate change development, under the emphasis that the curriculum will not interfere with existing religious or political views, funded through Schools on Wheels, Pencils of Promise, and Teachers without Borders, which includes but is not limited to: a. Education about climate change awareness, prevention, and adaptability first started through NGOs then self-continued, b. Educating doctors, farmers, and students surrounding the effects of meat consumption and agricultural practices, and c. Grants for STEM field development and related occupations and research;
6. Encourages a decrease in the gender inequality gap to promote the rights of women by: a. Using NGOs such as, but not limited to, Pencils of Promise to fund: i. Education of climate change risks to women participating in domestic work, ii. Raising awareness for gender inequality through visual aids in primary educations, and iii. Education about safer ways to collect water and fuel, b. Opening opportunities for women through education while: i. Keeping in mind not to interfere with religious or political ideals, ii. Offering grants for women with projects that address environmental issues, and c. Further encouraging female participation in the labor force by: i. Encouraging the perspective of women in local and federal policy making and eventually in United Nations conferences, ii. Incorporating the perspectives and knowledge of women involved in domestic jobs or working the land, iii. Encouraging policies of gender mainstreaming in all levels of government including providing leadership positions, and iv. Using the NGO, Association for Women’s Rights in Development, for funding and guidance;
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7. Invites mitigation strategies to combat the effects of climate change by: a. Planting trees to create a solid foundation in the case of natural disasters funded by One Tree Planted, i. Includes country and country partnerships, ii. And global adaptations of projects, b. Encouraging local climate change prevention projects including, but not limited to: planting trees, reduced use of plastics, and other small-scale efforts;
8. Takes note of extreme health concern surrounding natural disasters and: a. Suggests the implementation of education of proper sanitation practices to encourage female participation which will be funded by Pencils of Promise and Health Volunteers Overseas, b. Completes these projects through funding by Teachers Without Borders, Health Volunteers Overseas, and other NGOs, to complete the following: i. Dispensing of immediate medical supplies related to diseases caused by the effects of climate change, such as malaria and heat casualties, ii. Educating doctors on treatment of local diseases induced by natural disasters, such as malaria.
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FHSMUN 41 Conference Statement • • •
Resolution 1.2 – Short Term Economic Plan (STEP) – A Stepping Stone to Stopping Climate Change
FHSMUN 41 Conference of Parties 26 Sponsors: Belgium, Canada, Columbia, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, France, Italy, Sweden, Slovenia Signatories: Brazil, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Indonesia, Luxembourg, Poland, South Africa, Spain
The 26th Conference of Parties,
Acknowledging the myriad of issues brought on by climate change,
Noting with regret the lack of strategies attempting to limit the usage of fossil fuels in an economically viable way,
Concerned about the impacts of certain issues, such as natural disasters and extreme weather, on communities across the world,
Recognizing the necessity to implement a specific plan of action for the short-term in order to provide a basis for long-term solutions,
Welcoming the assistance that NGOs can provide in solving the climate crisis,
Alarmed by the lack of involvement of women in the discussions for solutions in regards to climate change,
Emphasizing the need to secure stable methods of funding to bolster future climate delegation,
Keeping in mind possible methods of disaster relief, along with stakeholder participation from private industry,
1. Endorses a carbon tax, which would: a. Set a cap, decided on by a nation-by-nation basis, on carbon dioxide emissions per corporation which would come into effect if/when a corporation exceeds the said cap, b. Be at the price of $80 USD per metric ton of CO2 over the cap,
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c. Set aside funds which would then be available for no-interest loans which would be: i. Used for all countries involved, ii. Put toward infrastructure, development, disaster reduction, research into sustainable innovations, a transition to renewables, or any actions to reduce the effects of climate change, iii. Financed on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration the ability of the country to pay back the loan, d. Have a one-year trial period that allows states to leave without consequences, e. Advocate for a meeting between the countries involved every 5 years to discuss progress on greenhouse gas mitigation and reward or tax countries based on their performance,
2. Strongly recommends increasing stakeholder participation to encourage economic growth, in order to have funding for climate change prevention plans, by: a. Calling for a larger inclusion of women in climate change mitigation discussions, using NGOs such as Teachers Without Borders to increase the number of professionals in fields such as engineering and agriculture, b. Inviting countries to consult with environmental NGOs, such as the Green Climate Fund, Global Environmental Facility, Special Climate Change Fund, to help with the formation of National Adaptation Programmes of Actions (a program which helps LDCs to address their specific climate change problems) which helps in disaster prevention, c. Urging government interaction to support the proliferation of Citizen Science organizations in order to encourage climate awareness and improve data collection, thus obtaining larger participation from the common people,
3. Encourages the transition to more renewable energy sources through incentives that include: a. Interest-free loans from the World Bank to countries without the proper funds in order to finance renewable energy installation projects, where: i. Countries will need to submit a plan of action that details why they need the funding and what the funding will be used for, ii. Projects will be monitored by the Global Environmental Facility to ensure that they are appropriately executed, b. Encouraging governments to issue tax breaks and tax credits to companies and/or individuals that transition fully to renewables,
4. Strongly recommends that countries who are not part of pre-existing agreements, like the Paris Climate Agreement, to reconsider their position in light of new developments that demonstrate that renewable energies help bolster economic growth, reduce energy costs, and lower health care costs,
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5. Encourages countries, specifically Less Developed Countries (LDCs), to strengthen competition and promote private investment for climate change aid in their countries by: a. Working with private investors to ensure economic stability, b. Utilizing effective and transparent taxation within the LDCs, c. Implementing regulation and legal enforcement by countries,
6. Urges member states present at the Conference of Parties (COP) to partner with NGOs such as the Global Green Growth Institute and the World Sustainability Fund during the formulation and implementation of National Adaptation Programmes of Actions (a program that helps LDCs respond to their specific climate change problems) in order to: a. Advise governments on how to successfully develop a plan of action to counter the negative impacts of climate change, b. Increase the extent of climate change adaptation to positively affect more individuals,
7. Recommends the increase in production of Early Warning Systems, funded through interest-free loans from the World Bank to: a. Protect countries which are more susceptible to earthquakes and tsunamis, b. Increase prediction and protection efforts in response to hurricanes, cyclones, and tornadoes,
8. Invites member states to use the Host Nation Support (HNS), which will: a. Call upon developed nations to utilize international task forces which could potentially be used to help lesser-developed countries affected by hurricanes, tsunamis, and other natural disasters that have requested aid, b. Be funded through current climate relief funds and related NGOs such as the Global Green Growth Institute and the World Sustainability Fund,
9. Supports infrastructural improvements throughout UN member states, such as: a. The improvement of highway systems, to connect communities and their economies to be more efficient, b. The encouragement of green transportation practices such as flying planes at slightly lower altitudes, usage of bikes in instances that have a shorter travel time, and carpooling, c. An expansion of public transit, including research of new, more efficient, and cleaner technologies for buses, trains, and planes, d. An improvement to city planning such as smart grids, e. The recommendation of more energy-efficient appliances, such as furnaces, air conditioning systems, insulation, and lighting.
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Resolution 1.3 - Renewable Energy, Funds, Economics, & Resilience (REFER)
FHSMUN XLI Conference of Parties 26 Sponsors: Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Finland, Guatemala, Israel, Morocco, United States of America Signatories: Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Croatia, DPRK, Poland, France, Germany, Indonesia, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Peru, South Africa, Spain, Sweden
The 26th Conference of Parties,
Recognizing the dexterity of the climate change crisis and the need to uncover, identify, and implement new forms of sustainable energy,
Aware of the geographical, political, and economic barriers hindering the widespread use of sustainable energy,
Bearing in mind the cost of building infrastructure for renewable energy sources,
Acknowledging the importance of fossil fuels in each nation’s economy, but also proposing alternative solutions,
Noting with regret the prevalence of unfeasible and impractical short term plans without regard for economic consequences,
Taking into consideration that if action isn’t taken, the planet and all of its inhabitants will face irreversible damages,
1. Encourages a reduction in carbon emission by implementing renewable sources of energy, through utilizing the governance of the Energy Union which provides the framework for monitoring the EU’s energy and climate objectives;
2. Supports the use of a UN-based fund for developing nations, such as: a. The Republic of Finland's joint climate fund with the International Finance Corporation which: i. Targets developing countries, ii. Supports renewable and clean energy solutions and further pending climate projects, b. The Electricity System Security Fund which is: i. Managed by a board that was established by the minister of energy, the environment, and water minister, and the finance minister of Bulgaria,
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ii. Used for the development of renewable energy resources, for revenues from interests and from the statistical transfer of energy c. Usage of the existing UN Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) which: i. Reduces poverty and supports local economic development, including Funding for improvement of infrastructure and energy sources;
3. Suggests nations adopt a feed-in-tariff, offering long-term contracts to renewable energy producers, and will: a. Cover the difference between the production and the market price, in doing so guaranteeing these contracts to be based on the cost of production and generation of such technologies, b. Be subjected to a gradual reduction two times per year due to anticipated technological progress, these reductions will only apply to new production facilities put into action;
4. Recommends incentives to private energy corporations to convert their energy sources to renewable energy: a. Tax leniency on corporations revising their energy production to renewable energy sources, b. Increased subsidies for the manufacturing of renewable energy products and machinery, c. Promoting free trade of clean energy technology through opening all trade borders between nations in the United Nations in order to increase construction,
5. Recognizes the severe importance of incentives to private energy corporations, such as: a. Energy security and affordability, b. The potential for job creation, c. Future economic strategic positioning, d. Addressing environmental and other externalities;
6. Supports the production of energy conservation apparatus, including, but not limited to, solar panels, wind turbines, and hydroelectric power plants in order to decrease carbon emissions, through: a. Solar conversion through: i. Help, advisory, and funding from the Sustainable Energy Initiative for All (SEforALL) to provide solar energy to all homes which need, b. Insolight Panels which: i. Are implemented based on geographical efficiency, ii. Concentrate sun’s energy rays into high-performance cells, iii. Provide 2x the efficacy of highest performance panel in use, iv. Are manufactured and assembled through Swiss engineers in Geneva Switzerland, v. Distribution by: i. Shipping to the U.N. from a Geneva facility, ii. Distributing to nations by the U.N., 14
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c. Wind conversion, which is funded through EU, through mass production of Scotland’s offshore wind plants handled by Scottish engineers, fully supported by the Scottish government, d. Hydro conversion funded through the combination of Sumitomo and a Brazil- based sugarcane ethanol manufacturer, as well as Coasan biomass for biofuel, through mass production of Panama’s energy conversion apparatus;
7. Encourages the implementation of a Direct Power Purchase Agreement (DPPA) which will allow businesses to obtain energy directly from private firms, attracting private sector involvement as investors will be more willing to participate if they understand their potential profitability;
8. Supports nations increasing the resilience of infrastructures, such as roads, sewage, bridges, and schools: a. To avoid costly repairs and minimizing the wide-ranging consequences of natural disasters for the livelihoods and wellbeing of people, b. Developing countries should also invest in resilient infrastructure i. This can deliver $4.2 trillion over the lifetime of new infrastructure ii. For every $1, investors will receive $4 in benefits, supported through the World Bank, i. Climate Investment Funds has been shown to accelerate the point at which renewables become cost-competitive with fossil fuels, and in some cases fast-tracking these critical tipping points by up to four years;
9. Suggests nations increase the resilience of the ecosystem through: a. Restriction laws on deforestation, such as (but not limited to) declaring vital parts of the ecosystem as national parks in order to preserve them, b. Emphasizing conservation, protection, and restoration of habitats, through, but not limited to, forestation, reduce or elimination of waste, and oil spill clean up, c. Encourage for buildings (offices, housing, etc.) to be built vertically, whether underground or above ground to reduce the amount of land usage and deforestation;
10. Encourages the creation of a sustainable circular economic system in which larger, more developed economies are incentivized to invest in underdeveloped regions through: a. Tariff-free export agreements, that allows state-backed private enterprises in these countries to invest in localized economies, shifting interests to focus more on industrialization and sustainable manufacturing, b. Encouraging economic competition by funding corporations based on renewable resources and encouraging foreign direct investments from developing countries into LDCs for further opportunities to implement renewable resources and eliminate non-sustainable resources,
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c. Providing financial support through governments to corporations who favor supplying renewable resources to low-income communities, causing an increase in employment to achieve a goal of universal electrification;
11. Endorses the implementation of a Cap-and-Trade system, which consists of: a. A cap on carbon dioxide emissions decided on a nation-by-nation basis, b. Controlled entities having to surrender a permit for each ton of CO2 emitted, c. Permits being able to be traded, with an entity choosing to reduce its own emissions or buy permits from a permit holder willing to sell, depending on the average total cost, d. Cost of production and ultimately passed on to the consumer is reflected by the market price of permits, e. Allowing policymakers to set specific overall emissions targets, a well-enforced system guarantees the achievement of those targets as emissions will not exceed available allowances.
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2020 Sustainable Innovation Forum (SIF 20) FHSMUN’s Sustainable Innovation Forum (SIF 20) is appropriate for all delegates & will focus on environmental policy through a sustainable development lens.
*The resolutions are worked on and passed individually by SIF 20. Then there is a joint session with COP 26 in order to amend the resolution together. The final resolutions are then a result of joint work between COP 26 and SIF 20.
Topics:
• Climate Change Mitigation • Stakeholder Participation • Climate Governance and Finance
Country Delegate
Australia Katherine Bi-Ji
Austria Juaneduardo Lorenzo
Belgium Patrick Oefelein
Democratic Republic of the Congo Kyle Goodman
Denmark Brandon Fernandez
DPRK Penelope Cassini Estonia Kaniel Vicencio Finland Darrel Creary France Republic Bach Tran Germany Madeline Julian
India Neri Verniani Indonesia Kyle Hunt
Iraq Sparsha Padi Nigeria Athena Vero
Peru Kyle Tavoletti Poland Jadyn Heard
South Africa Charles Hadley
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FHSMUN 41 Conference Statement • • •
SIF 2020 Report 1.1 – Change Mitigation, Stakeholder Participation, Climate Change and Governance
FHSMUN XLI Sustainable Innovation Forum 2020
The Sustainable Innovation Forum,
Concerned by the lack of discussion of new technologies,
Emphasizing the need for more stakeholder participation in the international community to combat climate change,
Determined to increase accessibility to renewable sources in developing countries,
Fully aware of the value of research about new innovations in order to address more concerns of the committee,
Noting with approval the progress made in passing each essential resolution delineating steps to be made to address the concerns of each delegation,
Reaffirming the international community’s commitment towards innovating and combating climate change,
Fully believing the necessity of creating new conferences in regard to discussing more diverse topics both before and after the merger between the Conference of Parties and the Sustainable Innovation Forum (SIF),
1. Suggests for the future; a. A greater focus on new renewable energy technologies: i. Should be focused on addressing climates that do not have the consistency to focus on one specific form of renewable energy, ii. Should be done in a way to encourage new types or styles of sustainable and green energy, b. Inviting more scientists to propose real solutions we can accomplish now, c. Due recognition to the several man-made or natural contributions to climate change and the technologies that mitigate them, d. More substantive amendments in the committee joint-session, e. Having more of diversification in the countries in the committee as i. Most countries in the committee are European nations that cannot adequately represent the needs of the LDCs, ii. There is an underrepresentation of nations present in SIF 20, particularly Middle-Eastern, African, Latin-American, and Asian countries,
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FHSMUN 41 Conference Statement • • •
iii. Solving the lack of diversity by equally distributing country assignments regionally;
2. Commends this committee in its successes, including; a. The development and passing of multiple resolutions which, when working together and properly applied by the countries of the world, will be instrumental in beginning to mitigate the devastating effects of climate change, including i. Resolution 1.1 (The AAA Plan), ii. Resolution 1.2 (GROWTH Initiative), iii. Resolution 1.3 (STRONC Protocol), iv. Resolution 1.4 (STAR Initiative); b. Achieving unanimous recognition of the importance of moving toward a greener atmosphere and of climate change’s effects on specific regions, c. Considerations made to allow least developed countries (LDCs) to effectively transition to carbon neutrality or negativity while preventing economic recession, some of which include, but not limited to: i. Reinforcing the use of biofuels and nuclear energy in the transition to renewable energy resources, ii. Instituting effective finance mechanisms aimed at stabilizing the prospect of renewable energy marketization, iii. Creating a framework for blueprints for sustainable projects to be sent to the UN to encourage more projects; d. An increased focus on spreading awareness through means of education to the consumers such as i. Carbon-footprint labels for consumer responsibility and to shift businesses to adopt more eco-friendly approaches, ii. STEM programs in schools to promote the careers of science and technology in the future, iii. UN reports about specific nation’s potentials and progress;
3. Urges the SIF in future conferences to: a. Increase focus on stakeholder participation so i. Local-level stakeholders may increase their efficacy, ii. Many countries with high emissions and high GDP participate in climate change mitigation practices, b. Research more innovations present within the delegates’ own countries and present them to the forum and discuss how they are implemented, c. Acknowledge pre-existing technologies to be combined to aim at carbon- negativity during the phase of transition, some of which include: i. Combining the structure of catalytic converters and carbon-capture technologies to reform the fossil fuel industry in lower developed countries (LDCs), ii. Formatting chemical power chargers in certain innovations such as wind turbines, photovoltaic cells and hydroelectric pumps to reduce their dependence on fossil fuels for consistencies in energy production, 19
FHSMUN 41 Conference Statement • • •
iii. Combining water drainage pumps with pH and temperature readers to assess pending threats to coastal regions, iv. Developing technologies that can predict and mitigate the effects of acid-rain;
4. Considers the use of additional research into new technologies in future SIF committees, to have a focus upon: a. Innovations revolving around transportation and moving towards more carbon- neutral energy sources, b. Innovations relating to agriculture that can promote sustainable practices alongside the introduction of cost-effective technologies, c. Innovations that encourage the mining industry to reform in the aim of reducing the amount of externalities produced, d. Offshore based innovations such as wave energy;
5. Invites the need for a separation of topics rather than merging three very diverse items simultaneously, to separate these items in future meetings of SIF; a. Possible topics can include but are not limited to; i. Incentivization, ii. Carbon taxes and trades, iii. Feed-in Tariffs and the National Energy Tax credits, iv. Stakeholder participation, v. Accessibility to LDCs, vi. Transition of MDC to sustainable technology; b. Discussing three topics separately throughout the conference, one topic discussed in the Conference of Parties, one topic discussed in the Sustainable Innovation Forum (SIF), and lastly the final topic discussed in a merger between the two;
6. Regrets the international community’s lack of cooperation concerning new innovations regarding climate change mitigation a. Advancement in United Nations’ Technology Innovation Labs (UNTILs) should be further looked upon, as the program is designed to move the status quo of society further, with the use of innovative technology;
7. Endorses the use of existing United Nations Organizations such as, but not limited to, a. The United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), b. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP);
8. Urges the need to address transparency issues in lower developed nations (LDCs) through: a. Developing certain taxation systems that will prevent negligence in paying liability costs relating to pollution and/or excess carbon production
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FHSMUN 41 Conference Statement • • •
b. Encouraging for the destabilization of abrasive regimes whose officials utilize the profits of certain industries for personal use and fail to address environmental taxations
9. Authorizing regular reports to be published on the net carbon emissions produced by a country within a certain time span.
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FHSMUN 41 Conference Statement • • •
Resolution 1.1 – Climate Change Mitigation, Stake holder Participation, Climate Governance and Finance
FHSMUN XLI Sustainable Innovation Forum Climate Change Mitigation, Stakeholder Participation, Climate Governance and Finance Sponsors: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, India, Iraq, Nigeria, Peru Signatories: Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Indonesia, Ireland, Poland, Russian Federation, South Africa, Syria, Turkey
The Sustainable Innovation Forum,
Deeply Disturbed by the lack of commitment from the international community in combating the threat of climate change, attaining environmental security, achieving the goals of the Paris Climate Accords and the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations,
Emphasizes the role of existing United Nations organizations such as the United Nations Development Programme in its role in spreading sustainability in Least Developed Countries (LDCs)
Recognizes the cases on a per-nation basis to fulfill the most effective solution in each nation’s commitment to combating the climate crisis,
Acknowledging the importance of discussion of how to finance climate-friendly development as well as measures to ensure the efficacy of these investments,
Emphasizes the efforts and missions made by past UN Organizations and NGOs,
1. Suggests that the Secretary General of the United Nations conduct a comprehensive report isolating and identifying the different Non-Governmental Organizations that should take part in a Joint-Non-Governmental Task Force specifically designed to combat the issues delineated and identified within this resolution; a. This joint-non-governmental task force will be a part of global, national, and local NGOs that deal with: i. Climate Awareness, ii. Policy Implementation, iii. Disaster Risk Reduction, b. Different sectors of the joint-non-governmental task force will encompass: i. Development and humanitarian NGOs will focus on reducing the risk of catastrophe and loss of human life or property during natural disasters,
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FHSMUN 41 Conference Statement • • •
ii. Nature conservation NGOs will run projects that combine nature protection and development with improved river and coastal management, iii. Environmental NGOs will focus on solutions for education for the general public, iv. Lastly, a group of NGOs will focus on awareness and public debate;
2. Endorses and expands upon the roles of Green Climate Fund (GCF), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and 10 Year Framework of Programmes (10YFP) to implement; a. Educational strategies to better advance the awareness and knowledgeability of citizens about the climate crisis and ways to mitigate it, b. Carbon footprint labels to increase consumer responsibility in their buying strategies in order to push businesses to be more green, c. Further publicity regarding renewable energy types to shift toward sustainability;
3. Endorses the expansion of publicity regarding renewable energy sources and highlighting through; a. Articles on the UN website about new developments in green energy technology, b. Demonstrations of new technology in yearly summits which will be held in the country that most recently held the Sustainable Innovation Forum and Conference of Parties conferences;
4. Recommends that each country submit a report to the United Nations similar to that of the Voluntary National Review in 2017, to be published publicly about what type of sustainable energy would be most effective for them which will be updated annually or as a nation deems necessary, including: a. Which type, either wind, hydroelectric, solar, geothermal or other, works most favourably, etc, b. Which, if any, the country has the largest area of expertise in, c. Based on their area of expertise, what the most efficient way to further implement that type of energy is through the creation and publishing of i. Strategies and guidelines that educate how to implement and maintain sustainable energy technologies, ii. Blueprints to outline expected returns of energy and costs of maintenance;
5. Encourages the nations of the world to acknowledge and work to counter major human created issues that negatively impacts the world’s ecosystems, including, but not limited to, deforestation, desertification, fracking, coral bleaching, etc., by; a. Encourage planting of new trees to replace those that are cut down by enlisting the help of NGOs such as Ecosia, the International Tree Foundation and WeForest, 23
FHSMUN 41 Conference Statement • • •
b. Holistic Planned Grazing, a management method based on planned rotational grazing, for the needs of wildlife, crops, and other uses, as well as the potential fire or drought and time livestock production cycles to the cycles of nature, market demands, and their own abilities while at times they may favor the needs of the livestock, at other times the needs of wildlife or the needs of plants, c. Shifting towards renewable energy sources to prevent the need to frack, as it leads to potential oil spills, underwater contamination, and harmful chemical leaks, d. Promoting the regulations of chemicals used in common products that are harmful to marine life;
6. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.
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FHSMUN 41 Conference Statement • • •
Resolution 1.2 – Climate Change Mitigation, Stakeholder Participation, Climate Governance and Finance
FHSMUN XLI Sustainable Innovation Forum Topics: Climate Change Mitigation, Stakeholder Participation, Climate Governance and Finance Sponsors: Austria, Croatia, Estonia, Iraq, Nigeria, Turkey Signatories: Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Poland, Syria, Denmark, Ukraine, Peru, India, Indonesia
The Sustainable Innovation Forum,
Deeply Concerned by the lack of action from the International Community regarding previous actions such as the Kyoto Protocol,
Reaffirming the International Community’s commitment to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by 2030,
Reiterates the commitment set forth by the Paris Agreement to mitigate the effects of climate change to 1980s standards,
Realizing the need for countries to transition towards the renewable and sustainable energies,
Stressing the importance of expanding existing United Nations systems such as the United Nations Environment Programme already in placed regarding climate mitigation and finance for the purpose of incentivisation,
Acknowledging the role of the existing United Nations Systems such as the United Nations development Programme in helping Lower Developing Countries (LCDs) transition to a more sustainable future,
1. Suggests the multilateral, co-existing formulation of trade incentives on a global, national, and local level by; a. Utilizing a carbon-trading system to incentivize private companies to enact an environmentally-friendly approach of manufacturing; i. Each nation’s Ministry of Labour will enact a permit-quota that will be the equivalent of local industries’ biannual carbon emissions, ii. The amount of carbon emissions each quota has will also be decreased biannually based on the successes of the carbon-trading system b. Implementing a carbon border tax that imposes a fee on any product imported from a country without a carbon pricing plan;
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FHSMUN 41 Conference Statement • • •
2. Encourages United Nations member states to enact legislation supporting Feed-in Tariffs; A Feed in Tariff is a practice in which households install sustainable forms of energy; If they consume less energy than they produced, the existing energy embedded within the energy-grid, can be sold to utility organizations;
3. Suggests the implementation of National Energy Tax Credits to incentivize the public into converting to more sustainable forms of energy; a. When an individual installs a house-wide solar panel or wind turbine, a percentage based on their current state of economic activity as suggested by the Excise Duty on Energy will be reduced from their project cost in the form of tax credits b. Energy tax credits will be given at the discretion and implementation of legislation for each country;
4. Recommends the increase of measures to incentivize investment within the sustainable energy industry by; a. Utilizing strategic impact assessments that analyze the potential risks of implementing various forms of sustainable energy on a localized level, b. Lowering the capital gains tax-- a fee on investment returns on the profits from the sale of property or an investment, c. Decreasing the dividends tax- a fee on the sum of money paid regularly by a company to its shareholders out of its profits;
5. Suggests to have financial incentives awarded by the United Nations Environmental Programme and given by governments of interested nations, focused on private companies, Incentives such as; a. Government based awards of monetary value to private groups, giving a financial encouragement for achieving a specific goal, and b. Fostering competition among member-states to stake a claim to a prize while also doing a public good, which would help improve stakeholder participation;
6. Emphasizing the need for further means of providing resources for the purpose of growing the sustainable energy markets in LDCs by: a. Use of tax credits, as elaborated upon in operative clause 4, of financial incentivization in order to foster these initiatives, and b. Having MDCs assist in developing renewable energy programs within LDCs and NGOs and UN Systems using the aforementioned tax credits as motivation: i. The ‘Green Climate Fund’, ‘African Development Bank (AfDB) provides funding for movements towards the innovation of more sustainable sources of energy, ii. Highlighting the Global Network on Energy for Sustainable Development (GNESD) to work towards more sustainable energy through coordinated programs, and iii. The Clean Technology Fund (CTF), is a means of funding to increase the levels of low-carbon emissions and substitute current means with more renewable energy technologies, such as solar power and wind power; 26
FHSMUN 41 Conference Statement • • •
7. Approves the creation of an international program checking countries development regarding plans in reaching the Sustainable development goals, a. This program would be a world-wide reflection of programs such as the Together for the Sustainable Development Croatia program; This could occur through regular meetings for Voluntary National Reviews regarding plans for achieving such goals, b. Supporting local, national, and international cooperation to strengthen the voice of the civil sector in shaping, monitoring, and evaluating sustainable development policies utilizing supportive networks and partnerships, and c. Devoting oversight of these networks to an international committee to facilitate rapid implementation, providing advice for sustainable development projects.
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FHSMUN 41 Conference Statement • • •
Resolution 1.3 – Sustainable Technologies, Renewables, and other Novels Commitments (S.T.R.O.N.C.) - Education, Innovation and Mitigation/Alternative Methods, Sustainable Innovation
FHSMUN XLI Sustainable Innovation Forum Sponsors: Indonesia, France, Poland, Russian Federation, Syria Signatories: Austria, Belgium, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa, Ukraine, Australia, DPRK, Estonia, India, Iraq, Peru, Turkey, Germany
Alarmed by the rapid acceleration of the climate crisis, and the increasing difficulty in combating Climate Change worldwide,
Confident that the improvement of worldwide research and development will create new technologies that can more efficiently tackle the problem of climate change,
Stressing the expansion and improvement of STEM education programs throughout the world,
Conscious of the fact that LDCs need more accessible options when converting to renewable energies,
Reaffirming the impact of animal products on climate change, water conservation, and carbon footprint while also educating others through government organizations,
Recognizing the need for more cost-effective solutions to promote sustainable innovation,
The Sustainable Innovation Forum,
1. Suggests the partnership between countries with larger GDPs and countries developing their energy programs by periodically holding conferences between countries within the region;
2. Proposes different local policies for the purpose of; a. Encouraging local governments to join the conversation through: i. Creating more local events and awareness; ii. Creating a board of most effective individuals in saving energy as an incentive; iii. Local competition providing a weekly report on household electric saving for the entire community; b. Empowering the general public through: i. Functioning and an accountable democracy for sound legislative action; and ii. Improvements to public education;
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FHSMUN 41 Conference Statement • • •
ii. Working for more inclusive environments for people so that they are happier when working toward the collective good;
3. Urges the continued research into renewable energy solutions through a. Promotion of STEM research programs and innovation in related fields to increase public interest through publicity campaigns b. Expanding existing national educational programs and creating new ones in order to: i. Increase the number of skilled experts in necessary STEM fields ii. Improve the quantity and quality of scientists and engineers III working within new and existing Research and Development programs iii. Encourage students worldwide to enter STEM fields c. Establishing the International Community of STEM Researchers to i. Oversee the growth and development of new technologies ii. Promote the previously mentioned education programs to all nations iii. Open an international competition about climate mitigation and innovation targeting youth that is international in nature and seeks to find new and innovative minds among students;
4. Supporting the use of modified greener and more efficient technology; a. Such as Thorium (From Uranium 238) to create newer, cleaner nuclear energy to be utilized in environmentally tranquil regions. b. Reusing and breeding reactors to cut down carbon emissions c. The use of gasification to reduce plastic waste into a fuel-efficient source i. To allow for a reduction in methane emissions ii. Slow down the climate change effects d. The use of biofuel combustion as an alternative to the combustion of fossil fuels;
5. Directs research into alternative food products a. Encourage research into lab-grown meat products that maintain the same nutritional value and benefit of meat, while considerably cutting emissions, land- usage, and water usage, b. Provide Incentive plant-based products to citizens through the usage of a tax credit c. Incentivize animal-based industry towards plant-based alternatives such as soy products through a change in the ratio of agriculture subsidies between animals and crops d. Implement an optional tax cut for plant-based industries e. Create awareness about how certain diets and agricultural products through publicity campaigns: i. Use excessive amounts of land and water ii. How much energy is required to produce the product iii. How much energy is yielded by the consumer f. If countries have difficulty changing their food industry, changing the animal's diet is strongly suggested; 29
FHSMUN 41 Conference Statement • • •
6. Endorses the use of research and further development of existing renewable technologies to make renewable technology cheaper to: a. Help LDCs through better funding in sustainable innovation initiatives so that LDCs can progress in sustainable ways b. Lower the opportunity cost for firms to purchase environmentally sustainable solutions c. Implement technologies such as nuclear, solar, hydro, and biomass on a larger scale through innovation to make these technologies cheaper and more able to implement on a larger scale d. Support the economy through the increasing supply of sustainable energy sources leading to an increase of demand and a decrease in the price level as a result of economies of scale;
7. Encouraging these initiatives through: a. The use of the World Bank’s clean technology fund b. Creating an involuntary commitment for private companies and industries (about 2% of their profit) to provide funding for sustainable development, by allowing these companies to be an attendee at that year’s Sustainable Innovation Forum c. NGO’s such World Wildlife Fund, CERES, Conservation International, Investor Network on Climate Risk, Intergovernmental panel on climate change among others d. The optional inclusion of a carbon tax (pigeon tax) on a country by country basis if wanted i. Overseen by an intergovernmental panel to ensure the funding is used to fight climate change ii. Made up of all countries that choose to implement the carbon tax iii. Updated yearly with the meeting of the SIF
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FHSMUN 41 Conference Statement • • •
European Union The European Union (EU) is appropriate for all delegates and will explore issues facing members of the EU.
Topcs:
• Special Session of the Council of the European Union – State of the Union 2020: Brexit and Expansion
Country Delegate
Austria Krishna Shah Belgium John Paul Bencomo
Bulgaria Gabe Negron Croatia Melanie Van Peenen
Cyprus Clare Youngster Czechia David Casas
Denmark Caitlin Lauer Finland Lynce Polidor
France Lesley Roberts
Germany Elizabeth Medina
Ireland Mahirah Alam
Italy Bailey Vandewalle
Luxembourg Gavin Edwards Portugal Ian Sutphin Romania Philo Thomas Slovenia Jonathan Loveall Sweden Triston Brown UK Morgan Fink
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FHSMUN 41 Conference Statement • • •
Resolution 1.1 – State of the Union 2020: Brexit and Expansion
FHSMUN XLI Council of the European Union State of the Union 2020: Brexit and Expansion Sponsors: Austria, Croatia, Ireland, Luxembourg, Sweden, United Kingdom Signatories: Bulgaria, Czechia, Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia
The Council of the European Union,
Mindful of the deadline to reach a deal with the United Kingdom (UK) regarding their departure from the European Union (EU) by December 31, 2020,
Anxious to avoid future conflict on the borders of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland,
Fully aware of the importance of current workers and their rights in both the UK and EU,
Seeking to improve security within the EU,
Acknowledging the importance of the national sovereignty of Ireland and the United Kingdom and respecting the Good Friday Agreement of 1998,
Aware of the deficit caused by the UK leaving the EU,
1. Recommends that the United Kingdom and European Union implement a trade agreement similar to the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement between Canada and the EU, which would: a. Separate the UK from the European single market, with the exception of Northern Ireland, while giving the former the right to: i. Retain full control over their borders and who is being accepted in the country, ii. Negotiate its own future regulations with EU member states, iii. Arrange separate trade deals with any non-EU members at their own discretion, b. Impose import tariffs of 0.05% upon the UK among agricultural goods such as poultry, eggs, and dairy, c. Maintain the copyright of goods produced by EU states, d. Ensure optimal movement of trade and services by implementing measures that make sure security checks are conducted effectively if at all, e. Allow the UK to form their own policy in regards to specified business sectors by remaining outside the EU’s Common Fisheries Policy or the Common Agricultural Policy,
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FHSMUN 41 Conference Statement • • •
f. Encourage the UK and EU to conduct trade of services, given that these services maintain equivalence in accordance with the Professional Qualifications Directive (2005/36/EC), g. Giving them the opportunity to negotiate trade deals with other nations across the world;
2. Supports the establishment of a single regulatory zone that includes both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland with a customs zone running through the Irish Sea which both would: a. Maintain the peace between the two separate political entities of Ireland established by the Good Friday Agreement of 1998, b. Ensure a “soft” land border is established between Northern Ireland and Ireland, c. Continue observation of EU regulations in these territories, d. Include continued checks of the seaports and shipyards laid upon the Irish Sea, while also having multiple checking points at secondary location warehouses, e. Take advantage of technology with the border checks that will be implemented, such as GPS and lorries, along with the UK increasing staffing within the channel tunnel in order to reduce traffic, f. Allow the Northern Irish legislation to reaffirm their desire to stay in this zone every 4 years when, if it is voted against, the regional legislation along with Parliament will reach a new deal, g. Negotiate the terms of the PEACE IV programme to ensure Irish and British citizenship is still being offered to people born in Northern Ireland, h. Assure that the UK, Northern Ireland, and the Republic of Ireland are able to maintain their sovereignty and respect each other’s decisions;
3. Urges the protection of both EU citizens’ and EU workers’ rights within the UK and EU member states by: a. Ensuring that the rights and privileges of EU citizens apply to UK nationals currently residing within the European Union, as well as EU citizens residing within the UK by: i. Issuing these special visas through an application process, that is done through UK/EU Embassies and Consulates, to aid citizens on obtaining these, ii. Accepts the professional qualification of workers in both the EU and UK, iii. Preserving the rights of the holders of these visas by their host countries as well as their country of origin, b. Supporting the enactment of a grandfather clause until the end of the transition period, in regards to citizenship to ensure that current dual citizens are not deprived of their rights, c. Encouraging current EU workers to obtain UK citizenship after five years of continuous work, d. Acknowledging that all future travel must abide by the regulations as described in Clause 1,
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FHSMUN 41 Conference Statement • • •
e. Preserving the employment and rights of existing EU workers within the UK, f. Ensuring that current UK citizens within the EU have the EU’s standards of worker’s rights;
4. Expresses the need for increased and improved security within individual member nations of the EU by: a. Encouraging the exchange of information relevant to the EU’s collective security, b. Maintaining the Network and Information Systems directive (NIS) in the UK after their departure from the EU, which would: i. Encourage cross-border collaboration of EU member states and the UK in the NIS strategic cooperation group, ii. Appoint a post-Brexit representative for the EU when the NIS strategic cooperation group meets, iii. Allow for flexibility when addressing national cybersecurity crises in individual EU member states and the UK;
5. Reaffirms the UK’s pledge to provide reparations in light of Brexit which would be: a. Providing 31 billion £, equivalent to 36 billion € to the EU in the case of a trade deal being reached between the UK and EU, b. Supplying no additional money in the case of a “No-Deal” Brexit;
6. Recommends that the EU should finalize a new 7-year budget to: a. Have the budget be 1% of the total net income from all EU member nations to carry out the goals of the EU by: i. Allowing each member states to contribute funds proportional to the economic and political status of each member state as long as it amounts to the proposed sum, ii. Redistributing the funds with a strong focus on giving enough funds towards states with the most pressing issues, b. Describe the budget to focus on issues regarding migration, climate change, security, and other forms of external or internal aid that the EU provides, in the wake of the UK's departure.
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FHSMUN 41 Conference Statement • • •
Resolution 1.2 – State of the Union 2020: Brexit and Expanison
FHSMUN XLI The Council of the European Union State of the Union 2020 - Brexit and Expansion Sponsors: Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, and Romania Signatories: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechia, Germany, Portugal, Slovenia, Sweden,
The Council of the European Union,
Reiterating the criteria needed to begin the process of accession,
Desiring a reevaluation to the current accession procedures to the European Union based on the principles of gradual association, stringent conditions, tangible benefits, and reversibility,
Encouraging a reorganization of the existing chapter system in clauses two through eight,
Recognizing the need for a renewed application process that provides extensive support in the way of increased opportunities for participation for prospective states,
Stressing the importance of economic and human equality as well as ensuring democracy within states currently seeking membership status into the European Union,
Having considered the policies of several member states in regards to the accession of certain potential candidate countries,
Acknowledging the belief of some member states that financial obligations disproportionately affect smaller states,
Reaffirming the European Union Council’s dedication to peace and security,
1. Operating alongside European states who seek membership into the European Union to aid and promote legislative and judicial reform so as to reach the current requirements set for membership by: a. Exhibiting a desire to encourage and protect the integrity of free democratic elections including maintaining the anonymity of voters, b. A desire to monitor and lessen corruption, c. Showing an effort to prevent denial of voting rights, such as closing polls prematurely,
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FHSMUN 41 Conference Statement • • •
d. Noting with caution that any destructive interference in the democratic process poses a threat to the core values of representative democracy upon which the European Union was founded and condemns any such actions, e. Advocating for the social improvements within society such as the right to move freely around member states of the European Union per the 1985 Schengen Agreement;
2. Emphasizes the European Union’s council’s current dissent to the addition of the Turkish Republic, given the facts that: a. They illegally occupy the oceans around the island of Cyprus
3. Approves of judicial reform that will be enacted for the securing of fundamental rights such as: a. The right to a fair trial, including the right to trial by a jury of one's peers, b. The right for a defendant to appeal a sentence, c. The achievement of the aforementioned fundamental rights which, once reached, will enable states to: i. Participate in the work of the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, ii. Have input on the EU Fundamental Rights Informational System (EFRIS), iii. Work within cooperation agreements with Eurojust, including exchanges of information, iv. iv. Access contacts on the EU justice scoreboard along with adequate participation in relevant international and European Union agreements;
4. Recommends reforms to infrastructure, including: a. Transportation policy, energy, research, and environmental concerns, at which point states will be able to access the European Union research space including, but not limited to: i. The LIFE+ program, ii. The Connecting Europe Facility (CEF), iii. Trans-European networks, iv. The European Education Area, b. Employment, social policy, mental and physical health, consumer protection, and education by allowing states to participate in: i. The EU program for Employment and Social Innovation, ii. Select meetings pertaining to the stages in which they have already progressed;
5. Endorses combating violent crime in candidate countries by: a. Encouraging the state in question to pursue restriction to illegal arms trades, should the state be interested in pursuing the option,
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FHSMUN 41 Conference Statement • • •
b. Providing the assistance of the EU, when requested, with the drafting of legislation that will protect victims of both domestic and physical violence along with the multiple other forms in which violence manifests, c. Allowing for the discourse of these prospective states in specific anti-violence councils, such as: i. The European Parliament council’s Violence Against Women sessions, ii. European Anti-Violence Network (EAVN);
6. Encourages reforms regarding economic and financial affairs, whereupon there will be: a. Free movement of capital, financial services, and control, b. An implementation of a robust and effective taxation system, after which states can utilize: i. The banking union, ii. The capital markets union, with the exclusion of the free movement of financial services;
7. Revises the internal market of candidate countries, in conjunction with the promotion of economic growth in all European Union Member States such that the former can: a. Establish functional customs unions, free movement of goods and workers, company law, rural development, agriculture-related improvements, and control the spread of misinformation, b. Participate in the Common Agricultural Policy block (CAP) and other agriculture and financial-based committees, c. Focus on external affairs and the establishment of diplomatic policies of the potential candidate states by emphasizing defense and by: i. Inviting states to participate in International defense conferences, such as the European Defence Association (EDA), ii. Inviting individual state’s head of defense (CHOD) to participate in the European Union Military Committee (EUMC);
8. Reaffirms that the state must now finalize all negotiation arrangements, specifically financial and budgetary, to allow for full accession, with the following European Union budgetary procedures will be enacted through: a. European Union programs and financial instruments, such as the expansion of the Instrument for the Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA), b. The request for a higher contribution percentage of each member state, pending their agreement;
9. Condemns the violation of current free election processes within member states, both Eastern and Western, in order to combat these occurrences to further the European Union’s goals of justice and honest community in both prospective new states and current member states, urges:
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FHSMUN 41 Conference Statement • • •
a. That in those states who desire to hold elections online, pursue a network flow analysis and secure-logging procedures that will help ensure a just election that is representative of the citizens wishes b. Regular checks of each countries network security preparations and crisis management plans c. Whenever available, the injection of funds to organizations such as the European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS) which has aided multiple countries in preventing “Denial of Service Attacks”;
10. Hoping to prevent any future departures of other member states by amending policies of the European Union to better include said states in the following ways such as: a. Ensuring that members understand the advantages they gain while in the European Union through: i. Working with states on negotiation plans that include policies that will act in favor of the state, specifically, an immigration plan in closer alignment with the state’s policy, ii. Listening to the concerns that are raised in regards to overreach and oversight, iii. Suggests the increased amount of discourse that encourages debate on the oversight, and other above topics, of the European Union, iv. Recognizing the concerns voiced by such countries as Hungary concerning financial requirements disproportionately affecting smaller states, particularly in the Eastern Bloc, v. Affirming that all of the above criterion apply to the current member states, and are expected to be upheld as such.
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FHSMUN 41 Conference Statement • • •
General Assembly First Committee (GA1) FHSMUN’s General Assembly First Committee (GA1) is appropriate for all delegates. GA1 addresses issues of disarmament and international security.
Topics:
• Ending the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons (SALWs) • Towards a nuclear weapons-free world; accelerating the implementation of nuclear disarmament commitments
Country Delegate Austria Nicholas Veliz Bulgaria Michelle Weber Canada Annslee Maloy Croatia Ishrina Singh Democratic Republic of Congo Michelle Megnauth Equatorial Guinea Christopher Silva Estonia Andrew Hong Finland Saurabh Anand France Cierra Huard Germany Ashton Buettner Indonesia John Green Ireland Andrei Uru Italy Vivian Alatorre Japan Anai Raca Jordan Kyle Stamm Kenya Miranda Westrich Mexico Allison Carson Morocco Kaylan Patel Netherlands Peter Hicks Nigeria Ethan Nicoletti Peru James Boyland
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South Africa Christian Padyett Spain Mackenzie Crowl The Republic of Korea Jane Phillip Mantell Turkey Yehya Seddik United States Sylvia Golindano Vietnam Allyson Weklinski
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Resolution 1.1 – Assistance to States in Curbing the Illicit Traffic in Small Arms and Light Weapons (SAWLs)
FHSMUN XLI General Assembly First Committee Sponsors: Austria, Canada, Denmark, Indonesia, Peru Signatories: Croatia, DRC, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Finland, France, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Morocco, Netherlands, Nigeria, Spain, United States, Vietnam
The General Assembly One,
Alarmed by the decreasing momentum behind the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) and the lack of implementation guidelines outlined within the said treaty,
Guided by Interpol’s iARMS protocols through the use of serial numbers and international databases in order to track illicit arms,
Reaffirming the suggestions demarcated by the ATT establishing a universal standard for legislation on the regulations for the trade of small arms and light weapons in order to reduce illicit trade,
Recognizing the need to ensure that small arms and light weapons stay out of the hands of insurgent groups,
1. Encourages UN member states to implement the guidelines as dictated in the ATT by; a. Supporting the utilization of international cooperation in the UN through the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to build government capacity which will further incentivize countries to follow the ATT and also give them the infrastructure to do so;
2. Implores countries to implement export licensing systems, which will entail; a. Noting mitigation of corruption is possible through NGOs such as Transparency International that expose current injustices in government record-keeping to ensure programs are not the subject of exploitation or bribery as they are on an international stage, b. Suggests that developing countries take an initiative towards implementing export licensing legislation with UN assistance to monitor efforts; as well as the aforementioned UNDP aid further establish these infrastructure projects i. Export licensing will be crafted by individual country legislators in order to meet the ATT guidelines ii. Export licensing specifically will entail countries to recommend countries to record all pending arms trades to increase transparency throughout the international community
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iii. Implementing requirements for manufacturers, those of which, are exporting small arms and light weapons such as the requirement of serial numbers on all exported product, in order to regulate exporters
3. Suggest the universalization of arms tracing organizations such as the European Union’s iTrace and Interpol’s iARMS; a. Invites specialists from international organizations (such as Interpol) to halt the flow of the illicit arms trade to unstable regions of the world, through assisting various national security and intelligence forces that find and intercept the transport and flow of said arms prior to reaching unstable regions , b. Encourages member states to welcome Non-Governmental Organizations(NGO’s) in order to assist efforts financially to hinder the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons, including but not limited to; i. International Action Network on Small Arms ii. Control Arms Coalition etc, c. Encourages member states to adopt an international tracing unit under the framework of the already existing iARMs from Interpol through the division into three components entailing; i. Solidifying communication networks to ensure illicit arms are reported as quickly as possible, ii. Maintain the speed of record-keeping to ensure that firearm trace requests are properly handled, iii. Continue providing the proper information and reports to all countries to alert the international community on pending arms deals;
4. Affirms the belief that fellow nations should make the effort to decrease the number of unused firearms held in immoderate nations’ military stockpiles in order to reduce the possible amount of military-grade firearms falling into illicit circulation by; a. . Encouraging nations to dismantle firearms and reuse the material for civil and humanitarian purposes such as, i. Infrastructure; using the metal, wood, and other material to assist in the construction of bridges, hospitals, and other such projects by using said material to be used as supports, roofs for homes and monuments, b. Selling material to non-armament based companies in order for firearm companies to reduce firearms falling back into circulation, these include; i. Iron and mining based companies like BHP, Lumber Based companies like Fraser Timber and lead for pencil companies like Dixon Ticonderoga. c. Using material for the betterment of the arts, such as; i. Creating instruments like using brass bullet casing for the forging of instruments like saxophones and brass instruments or wood to make woodwind or string instruments and donating to art schools like Florida state university, University of Arts London and The National School of Fine Arts Paris in order to assist the artistic minds of our generation. d. Suggests that member nations, if willing, surrender portions of stockpiles to NGOs such as, but not limited to; 42
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i. International Action Network on Small Arms(IANSA) ii. and the Peace Corps
5. Recommends the deployment of neutral specialized international intelligence agents (ex. Interpol) for the regulation of common trade routes by: a. Enforcing that illicit small arms do not travel across international lines, b. Encourages member states to work with international intelligence agencies along their borders to ensure the monitoring of the illicit small arms and light weapons trade
6. Advocates for the notion to administer voluntary Buy-Back Programs by: a. Enabling civilians with registered firearms to turn their firearms in to the government for monetary compensation, b. Governments can use these funds for public service programs including but not limited to infrastructure projects, i. Bridges, ii. Roads, c. Suggests the assistance of Ecumenical Programme for Peace, Conflict Resolution and Reconciliation (PAREC) for member states who may struggle with implementing Buy-Back Programs, d. Granting some degree of amnesty for those who turn in illegal firearms, up to the discretion of individual states.
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Resolution 1.2 – Curbing the Trade of Small Arms and Light Weapons
FHSMUN XLI General Assembly First Committee Sponsors: Republic of Croatia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Italian Republic, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Kingdom of the Netherlands, Republic of South Africa Signatories: Canada, Kingdom of Denmark, Republic of Estonia, Republic of Equatorial Guinea, Republic of Finland, Republic of Indonesia, Republic of Ireland, Republic of Kenya, Kingdom of Morocco, Federal Republic of Nigeria, Republic of Peru, Kingdom of Spain, Republic of Korea
The General Assembly First,
Deeply concerned with the current situation of the illicit trafficking of small arms and conventional weapons,
Emphasizing the need to strengthen cross-border relations to curb the importation and exportation of illegal weapons,
Desiring to increase the exchange of information through databases and international agencies,
Reaffirming our goal to promote humanitarian security, developments, and protection of human rights,
1. Recommends the implementation of stronger border control by; a. Decreasing the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons using Non- Governmental Organizations (NGO’s) within the United Nations, such as, but not limited to; i. The International Action Network on Small Arms, ii. Economic Community of West African States, b. Emphasizing the importance of educating border controls and customs officials on the matter of illegal small arms and light weapons trading, by means of; i. Outlining the specific small arms and light weapons that are being traded throughout regions, ii. Highlighting the main ways these illicit arms are being imported and exported into countries, iii. Advising them of known and potential smuggling routes in highly trafficked countries, c. Implementing the use of NGO’s within the United Nations in order to educate the customs and border agencies on this matter, such as; i. The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, which: 1. Focuses on efforts at the national, regional and international levels to develop and strengthen laws, regulations and standards of small
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arms and light weapons sales, and to combat illicit trafficking, particularly of SALWs. 2. Has a comprehensive database on all conventional arms transfers 3. Has an ATT-relevant Cooperation and Assistance Activities Database that provides information on cooperation and assistance activities in the field of arms transfer and small arms and light weapons (SALW) controls. ii. The World Customs Organization, which; 1. Aims to develop international standards, 2. Fosters cooperation and builds capacity to facilitate legitimate trade, 3. Wants to secure a fair revenue collection and to protect society, 4. Provides leadership, guidance and support to customs administrations.
2. Encourages countries utilizing firearm databases to increase the sharing of information with the international community by; a. Asking that nations implement the Interpol Illicit Arms Records and Trafficking Management System (iARMS), a system that would entail the following; i. Identifies firearm traffic patterns and smuggling routes, ii. Link a suspect to a firearm in a criminal investigation, iii. Support targeted intelligence-led police operations, b. Suggesting the cooperation of all countries in sharing data collected on small arms sales and the light weapons trading through national gun registry systems,
3. Emphasizes the ratification and support of pre-existing international agreements, such as, but not limited to; a. Arms Trade Treaty, in which; i. Requires all states-parties to adopt basic regulations and approval processes for the flow of weapons across international borders, ii. Establishes common international standards that must be met before arms exports are authorized, iii. Takes measures to prevent the diversion of conventional arms to the illicit market or for unauthorized end use and end users, iv. Has 105 ratifications and an additional 32 signatures between countries within the United Nations b. Wassenaar Agreement, in which; i. Has been established in order to contribute to regional and international security and stability, by promoting; 1. Transparency in transfers of conventional arms, 2. Greater responsibility of nations in small arms and light weapon transfers, ii. Regulates the transfers of arms and goods of participating countries, iii. Actively participates in the sharing of information on Small Arms and Light weapons tracking 45
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c. File reports annually with the United Nations Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons (PoA)
4. Urges the formation of new national departments and strengthening of already existing departments on the removal and decrease of the illicit arms trade in countries that do not have one, comparable to; a. The Republic of Croatia’s National Commission for Arms and Ammunition, in which; i. Is responsible for coordinating and directing activities related to arms and ammunition, ii. Drafts national strategy for the small arms and light weapons control. b. The Kingdom of Jordan’s Department of Criminal Intelligence in which; i. Authorizes arms permits for individuals and companies, ii. Stores all information about the sale of weapons including manufacturers, serial numbers, and licenses, iii. Uses that database to circulate details about lost or stolen weapons to easily locate them when needed,
5. Recognizes successful actions taken by the international body and individual governments against the illegal arms stockpile that exists, such as; a. The South African Gun Amnesty, which; i. Set a specific date for a non-mandatory buyback program of all firearms, legal and illegal, without consequences so long as the gun did not have a trace back to any crime in ii. Saw many South African citizens returning illegal firearms b. The North Atlantic Trade Organization’s (NATO) project NATO Maintenance and Supply agency, in which: i. Manages large demilitarization programmes on behalf of NATO members, ii. Seeks to help countries, such as Albania, demilitarize around 24,000 tons of munitions over four years, iii. Contributed to destroy 1.6 million anti-personnel mines in 2001-2002 and a second project in 2003-2007 destroyed 11,500 tons of small arms and light weapons (SALW) including 2 million hand grenades and 130,000 mortar rounds, c. The Kingdom of Jordan allocating more power to customs officials to allow them to search people entering the country for prohibited articles.
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Resolution 1.3 - Regulating the Importation of, Manufacturing of, and Exportation of Small Arms and Light Weapons
FHSMUN XLI General Assembly First Committee Sponsors: The Republic of Bulgaria, The Federal Republic of Germany, The State of Japan, The Republic of Korea, The United Mexican States, The French Republic, The Republic of Turkey, The United States, The Socialist Republic of Vietnam Signatories: Republic of Austria, Republic of Croatia, Kingdom of Denmark, Republic of Equatorial Guinea, Republic of Estonia, Republic of Finland, Republic of Indonesia, Republic of Ireland, Republic of Kenya, Kingdom of Morocco, Kingdom of the Netherlands, Federal Republic of Nigeria, The Republic of Peru, Kingdom of Spain, Republic of South Africa
The United Nations General Assembly First Committee;
Acknowledges the immediate struggle of the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons,
Fully bearing in mind that to find a solution, states must work to advance the current system for identifying these guns,
Emphasizes that the only way to stop guns from being illicitly traded is to identify each small arm and weapon being produced,
Noting with satisfaction that all member states must have their international safety guaranteed,
Desiring that our voices of the people are being heard,
1. Calls upon member states to facilitate the regulation of the distribution and manufacturing of all small arms and light weapons within their national borders to meet the following standards; a. The small arms and light weapons being brought into the country meet standards stated in operative clause 2, subclause B,
2. Nations will work with the Small Arms Working Group to improve on a system that recognizes weapons that are correctly labeled, manufactured and safely ensured by drawing upon previously passed treaties or bodies, such as; a. The Arms Trade Treaty, is the first global treaty to regulate the conventional arms trade and states parties are to establish a national control system that implements provisions of the treaty, b. United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNDIR) works to enhance the knowledge on effective policy and practice on weapons and ammunition management, promoting safe, secure and accountable management of conventional ammunition,
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i. Partnering with a non-governmental Small Arms Working Group (SAWG), the treaty would advocate stricter gun regulations within willing national countries’ government, c. Nations will create comprehensive systems of reviews overseen by the The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) in order to; i. Facilitate the proper implementation of this aforementioned process, ii. Be in line with the comprehensive concept of security, addresses its concerns related to the issue of the security situations in relating nations,
3. Notes with appreciation the incorporation of special markings inside small arms and light weapons specifically for the purpose of tracking the national origin of manufacturing and corporation responsible for said manufacturing of the weapon such as; i. Regulatory tracking marks or technology embedded into small arms or light weapons (any location), only distinguishable by experts trained by individual manufacturers, manufacturer sponsored organizations, and/or national governments, ii. The International Small Arms Control Standards (ISAC) works on placing an effective control on the life cycle of small arms and light weapons, reducing the risk weapons falling into the wrong hands, b. To improve and expand tracking numbers which are more difficult to remove by illicit consumers of small arms and light weapons, i. The tracking system would work with the International Small Arms Control Standards (ISACS), to put forth effective controls. 1. The International Small Arms Control Standards (ISAC) is to be encouraged to provide aid to countries in need of support to meet these new standards ii. Member states would also work with the International Tracing Instrument, which specifies firearm protocol, etc.,
4. Strongly urges member states to enforce stronger national border and port security with the specific intention of curbing the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons, through means such as; a. Member states are heavily discouraged from importing, exporting or manufacturing small arms and light weapons that do not meet the aforementioned special markings in operative clause 2, b. The United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA) will provide guidance and funding to ease this process of enforcement to any and all countries requiring such aid,
5. Recognizes the non-governmental organization, The Fund for Peace, which directly helps countries in need of critical aid by providing funds and by monitoring conflicts, through means of:
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a. The Fund for Peace will provide funds from sponsors, to provide relief from any economical issues which prevent focus on porous borders, i. Contributes to the infrastructural development through a risk assessment, and funds conflict torn nations in need of aid b. Utilizing the NGO The Fund for Peace, in order to fund the Security Risk Assessments, in order to greatly improve the conditions in various war-torn countries,
6. Notes with discretion that while these resolutions are non binding, the United Nations to reach specific goals in order to attain peace, security and disarmament along with development and poverty eradication.
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Resolution 2.1 – United Nations Oversight of Nuclear Weapons
FHSMUN XLI General Assembly First Committee Sponsors: Republic of Estonia, Republic of Equatorial Guinea, French Republic, Republic of Korea, Republic of Indonesia, Kingdom of Morocco, Republic of Nigeria, Republic of Peru Signatories: Republic of Austria, Republic of Bulgaria, Canada, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of Croatia, Republic of Finland, Federal Republic of Germany, Republic of Ireland, Italian Republic, State of Japan, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Republic of Kenya, United Mexician States, Kingdom of the Netherlands, Republic of South Africa, Republic of Turkey, United States of America
The General Assembly One,
Noting with concern the lack of enforcement by numerous member states of existing Nuclear Arms Treaties,
Acknowledging the desire of numerous member states to maintain their Nuclear Arms stockpiles,
Recognizing the success of the Treaty of Tlatelolco in the prohibition of Nuclear Arms in the South American continent as a model for future developments,
1. Calls upon all willing and consenting Member States of the United Nations, excluding the permanent members of the Security Council, to allow Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to launch investigations regarding nuclear capabilities such as, but not limited to a. International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) in order to oversee and investigate the processes of nuclear enrichment by: i. Further ensuring that the Uranium-235 is used solely for nuclear powering and not for nuclear armory development by monitoring the complete process from enrichment to usage, ii. Transmitting and reporting any violations found within the above- mentioned investigations to the Security Council so that the members can address a potential issue, iii. Informing the Nuclear Data Services of the violations through the International Atomic Energy Agency, b. International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) to ensure that countries are remaining compliant with the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) through imploring that the IPPNW conducts yearly investigations into all consenting national governments excluding the governments of the P5,
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2. Suggests that the Security Council consider the possibility of economic sanctions on potentially dangerous and volatile non-P5 nations that refuse to consent to fair third- party investigations,
3. Urges all member states to act in accordance with previously passed treaties and regulations such as, but not limited to; a. The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), b. The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), c. Conference of the Eighteen Nation Disarmament Committee (ENDC), d. The Treaty of Tlatelolco;
4. Discourages non-P5 member states from advancing National Nuclear Weapon- Development programs;
5. Dismays the creation and proliferation of nuclear arms and stockpiles by encouraging UN groups, such as; a. The United Nations Office of Disarmament Affairs (UNODA) i. To monitor the use and research of Uranium-235 and Plutonium-239 to verify that countries are not in violation of the Treaty on the Non- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and other UN-affiliated treaties, ii. To report any violations it discovers to the United Nations Security Council b. The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) i. To support countries that want to take the next step into moving into a completely nuclear-disarmed world, or to assist and provide advice to countries that won’t want to complete disarm their nuclear arms, ii. To research the topic on nuclear disarmament which also finds means of protection of nuclear attack in order to further prevent the nuclear proliferation of other countries and to halt the increase in nuclear arms in the world.
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Resolution 2.2 – Towards a Nuclear Weapons Free World: Accelerating the Implementation of Nuclear Disarmament Commitments
FHSMUN XLI General Assembly First Committee Sponsors: Austria, Canada, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Ireland, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, The Republic of South Africa Signatories: Bulgaria, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Indonesia, Italy, +Japan, Kenya, Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, Nigeria, South Korea, Spain, Turkey, the United States of America, Vietnam
The General Assembly One,
Acknowledging the implementation of the 2010 Non-Proliferation Treaty 64-point action plan by all member states,
Recognizing the success of Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaties across the globe,
Reiterating the need for the ratification of the Fissile Material Cut-Off Treaty,
Advising nuclear powers to maintain their commitments to existing agreements on disarmament,
Urging all countries to consider the benefits of switching to nuclear energy
Affirming the belief that nuclear power should be used for the betterment of humanity, such as nuclear energy, and not as destruction,
1. Calls upon willing member states to consider participating in a Summit for Nuclear Disarmament consisting of representatives from member states meeting periodically as seen fit by the summit, in order to a. Ensure the implementation of existing protocols through a neutral investigator, in which the execution of investigations will include; i. Routine Inspections, which are scheduled or short-notice inspections of member states specifying disarmament efforts and sustaining currently disarmed member states, ii. Special Inspections, which are carried out in order to investigate suspected misconduct of handling, storage, testing, and production of nuclear weapons, iii. Assistance to the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty with the verification and monitoring systems that conform to the mandate of the Preparatory Commission,
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iv. The use of a standardized, voluntary reporting system, called upon by the 64-point action plan, in which will be confirmed by the board after inspections, b. Confirm that willing member states fulfill the commitments as outlined, in order to meet disarmament goals as mentioned in previous treaties or agreements, including but not limited to: i. 64 -point action plan, ii. The Non-Proliferation Treaty, iii. Future treaties and agreements, 2. Encourages the further establishment of Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones through; a. Advocating for the adoption of this resolution in order to establish a Nuclear Weapons Free Zone (NWFZ) in the Middle East1 by; i. Urging fellow member states to sign and ratify the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and the above resolution for the purpose of stabilizing and securing the Middle East Region, through trust and capacity building facilitated by UN bodies such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), ii. Building trust amongst Middle Eastern countries by; 1. Eliminating the threat of Mutually Assured Destruction (M.A.D), 2. Removing the necessity for improving already existing Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD’s) to compete with neighboring countries, b. Recommending the inauguration of a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Europe by; i. Favoring the cooperation shown between multiple smaller European nations, in the pursuit of creating a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone, ii. Urges further denuclearization of all member states in order to guarantee the safety of the European Union (EU) and other nations in proximity to the EU, c. Calls for the further encouragement of African countries to consider joining the African Union’s (AU) African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty (Pelinabda), a comprehensive treaty that i. Restricts willing member states from giving or receiving any developmental help and research on the creation of nuclear arms, ii. Deplores willing member states to allow the restrictment in the manufacturing, stockpiling or the purchasing of nuclear explosives, iii. Details that willing member states are not allowed to possess any nuclear weapons within their borders, 3. Promotes willing member states to come together in order to achieve the common goal of International Peace and Disarmament to Facilitate and Negotiate Nuclear Weapon Free Zones (NWFZ), while simultaneously implementing incentive programs, such as: a. Consulting countries with current nuclear powers in a manner that will incentivize developed countries to follow suit, through means such as:
1 Middle East includes; Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen
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i. Security in the idea of the nuclear powers losing the leverage that owning nuclear arms provides, ii. Reaffirmation of willing member nations in cooperation of limiting and eventually abolishing all nuclear arms worldwide, b. the utilization of specific materials from nuclear stockpiles for energy purposes by using the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 4. Urges member states with nuclear power to repurpose their stockpile of nuclear warheads with means of benefiting citizens of each participating member state by a. Using diluted military-grade uranium to use in nuclear power plants similar to the Megatons to Megawatts Program but on an international scale, b. Developing research for ways of diluting material more effectively, through the use of the IAEA and NGO’s, such as: i. Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) which will continue to; 1. Promote the use and growth of nuclear energy through efficient operations and effective policy, 2. Advocate for the prioritization of energy-related uses of nuclear materials for all countries, ii. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) which will continue to; 1. Research conflict, armaments, arms control, and disarmament, 2. Track the trends and developments in nuclear forces and doctrines, with a particular focus on monitoring global inventories of nuclear weapons, iii. The Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) which will continue to; 1. Facilitate the cooperation among countries with advanced nuclear technology infrastructures to seek excellence in nuclear safety, technology, science, environment, and law, 2. Represent much of the world’s best nuclear expertise, 3. Maintain strategic partnerships with key non-member countries involved in nuclear technology, iv. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), which will continue to; 1. Support both existing and potential nuclear power generating facilities, 2. Assist countries in retrieving the necessary materials for the creation of nuclear power plants, 3. Endorse the use of peaceful nuclear applications in technologies by means such as nuclear research reactors, 4. Assist in dealing with radioactive waste and spent fuel managements that result from the dismantling of nuclear holding facilities and the general use of nuclear energy power plants, 5. Emphasizes the need for all member-states of the United Nations to consider the ratification of existing nuclear disarmament treaties and the implementation of any newly created treaties, such as; a. The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), which; i. Bans all nuclear explosions, including the testing of nuclear weapons, 54
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ii. Saw a decrease in overall testing in nuclear explosions from countries with nuclear arms, b. The Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), which; i. Prevents the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, ii. Promotes the cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, iii. Furthers the goal of accomplishing nuclear disarmament and complete disarmament, c. The Fissile Material Cut-Off Treaty, which; i. Limits the production of highly-enriched uranium and plutonium, ii. In order to reduce the manufacturing of nuclear weapons, 6. Recommends lesser developed countries that produce raw nuclear materials focus on fostering trade relationships with countries who are seeking to expand their nuclear energy initiatives and limit to the development of nuclear arms by; a. Encouraging producer states of raw uranium, thorium, and plutonium to take notice of nations seeking to: i. Use the purchased goods for energy purposes in nuclear power plants, ii. have no affiliation to, or takes part in the creation of nuclear arms, b. Strongly urging willing member states with high exports of nuclear materials to limit the number of goods that can be purchased by those who wish to create nuclear weapons, 7. Appreciates member states that currently recognize the humanitarian impact of nuclear weapons through NGOs and already existing conferences that alert the public and the international community through; a. Promoting the Vienna Conference on the Humanitarian Impact of Nuclear weapons, in which; i. 158 member states gave witness testimonies and scientific studies, ii. The 188 state parties concluded that it had deep concerns on the idea of catastrophic humanitarian consequences that would occur if any country chooses to launch their nuclear arms, iii. Saw the reaffirmation that all 188 member states, at all times, must comply with applicable international law, including international humanitarian law, b. Establishing that under no circumstances should nuclear weapons be used on, or in the intimidation of, member states that challenge the sovereignty of any other nations under the notion of Mutually Assured Destruction (M.A.D), c. Creating a humanitarian pledge that countries take in order to acknowledge the impending threat and impact of nuclear weapons, which consists of; i. Encouraging the 158 member states and stakeholders to promote the ideals of denuclearization and non-exclusivity to who should give up their nuclear arms, ii. Having pledged countries agree to pursue efforts towards nuclear disarmament, keeping in mind the humanitarian impact and efforts made by anti-nuclear countries that are actively working to stabilize tensions through denuclearization,
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iii. Instructs all nuclear powers who take the pledge to make concrete efforts towards denuclearization over time, d. Utilizing NGOs such as, but not limited to; i. The Arms Control Association, in which; 1. Promotes the public understanding of and support for effective arms control, including nuclear weapons policies, ii. The Daisy Alliance, in which; 1. Seeks to eliminate the threat of nuclear weapons through grassroots education and advocacy, iii. The Proliferation Security Initiative, in which; 1. Seeks to end the creation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, 2. Has Operation Expert Group (OEG) state members consisting of nuclear superpowers, such as: a. The United States of America, b. France, c. Russia, d. The United Kingdom.
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Resolution 2.3 – Accelerating Nuclear Disarmament
FHSMUN XLI General Assembly First Committee Accelerating Nuclear Disarmament Sponsors: Republic of Kenya, United Mexican States, State of Japan, Kingdom of Spain, Republic of Austria Signatories: Republic of Bulgaria, Kingdom of Netherlands, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of Croatia, The Federal Republic of Germany, The United States of America, Kingdom of Denmark, Italian Republic, The Socialist Republic of Vietnam
The General Assembly One,
Mindful of the security threat that nuclear weapons pose to under-developed countries,
Recognizing the fact that South America is the only continent that is completely nuclear- weapons-free,
Seeking out nations that would be willing to sign and ratify treaties to internationalize nuclear disarmament,
Reaffirming the suggestions outlined in treaties such as the Treaty of Tlatelolco,
1. Encourages countries to ratify pre-existing treaties and resolutions through means of incentivization, such as; a. The benefit of dedicating pre-existing nuclear materials for the purpose of creating clean energy, i. Fossil fuels that are currently used emit air pollutants; in turn, replacing fossil fuels with nuclear power which would be environmentally beneficial, b. Reducing fear and hostility amongst member states armed with nuclear weapons through; i. The hosting of UN peace negotiations facilitated by the United Nations (U.N.) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), hosted by the UN as a whole held once a year, ii. Ensuring not only the ratification, but commitment to the various past treaties through international cooperation and trust-building facilitated by the UN, working alongside the IAEA,
2. Reaffirming the belief in reaching the comprehensive goals of attaining peace, security, and disarmament through the development of; a. Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones (NWFZs) similar to South America and Antarctica, b. Future treaties or resolutions in which support the overall goal of total International Nuclear Disarmament,
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i. Recognizing the efforts of past treaties and taking them a step further by encouraging smaller countries to take the initiative towards nuclear disarmament, which will eventually lead to major nuclear powers disarming, ii. Utilizing Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and International Organizations, such as the IAEA and the Arms Control Association, to promote public understanding and support of nuclear arms control policies,
3. Supports efforts with the help of various NGOs that provide aid towards regions, through means of; a. Disarming member states by; i. Promoting actions that support the dismantling of nuclear advancement in weapons technology programs, b. Solidifying current efforts made by member states who reduce ambiguities by being transparent on their nuclear power holdings, through: i. Increasing transparency with NGOs such as Transparency International, which work to expose government corruption, ii. Conducting IAEA investigations in order to monitor nuclear progress,
4. Suggests the reduction of member states testing nuclear weapons to further see the benefits of a nuclear weapons-free world, such as: a. Mitigating nuclear radiation that can harm and alter the genetic material of subjects within its range, as well as contaminate both land and marine environments, b. Preventing permanent damage to the ozone layer, c. Slowing down climate change.
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Resolution 2.4 – Towards a Nuclear-Weapons-Free World: Accelerating the Implementation of Nuclear Disarmament Commitments
FHSMUN XLI General Assembly First Committee Sponsors: The Federal Republic of Germany, The Italian Republic, The Republic of Peru, The Republic of Turkey, United States of America, The Socialist Republic of Vietnam Signatory: The Republic of Equatorial Guinea, The Republic of Estonia, The Republic of Indonesia, The State of Japan, The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, The Republic of Korea, The Kingdom of Morocco, The Kingdom of the Netherlands, The Kingdom of Spain,
The General Assembly One,
Fully bearing in mind that although nuclear weapons put innocent citizens at risk, these weapons are vital to the internal safety of member states,
Emphasizing the extensive safety these nuclear warheads can provide to the internal security that numerous member states are concerned with,
Convinced that the complete disarmament of nuclear weapons will not welcome a peaceful world,
1. Suggests transforming un-used nuclear warhead stockpiles into a versatile compound, to be used to create valuable commodity chemicals; a. These commodity chemicals would be used towards advancing nuclear power; i. The safety will be ensured by the World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO), who specialize directly to achieve the highest possible standards of nuclear safety, ii. Researchers have managed to reuse the disabled nuclear warheads material into sources of nuclear power while also distributing the weaker elements to nations seeking nuclear energy, b. Transparency in Nuclear Warheads and Materials, through political and technical dimensions through the; i. Analysis of the arrangements suitable for an establishment of stockpile declarations, verifying nuclear warhead status and dismantlement, alongside the storage and disposal of fissile materials, within the monitoring of production facilities, ii. This volume brings forth a unique wide body of information and in-depth analysis by an informed group of nuclear arms control experts, iii. Stimulating international debate related to the subject of nuclear transparency;
2. Recommends willing member states to work alongside the World Nuclear Association (WNA) processing of used nuclear fuel as;
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i. Paralleling the immediate use for abandoned uranium within exhausted fuel elements this contributes to national energy security, ii. Reducing the rapidly accumulating materials needed to be disposed of, specifically pertaining to low-level radioactive wastes within the area of concern’s surrounding environment,
3. Requests the expertise of the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) to ensure the distributed products extracted from warhead dismantlement is procured for energy demand purposes while also remaining under constant supervision, by; a. Ensuring the Nuclear Regulatory Commissions (NRC) enforces safety regulations in order to curb and reduce oversight response of industry pressures; i. Protection of nuclear reactors and safeguarding of the nuclear matter within them should be of concern to many parties invested in the containment of the nuclear epidemic, ii. The Nuclear Regulatory Commissions (NRC) will continue to work and apply their standards internationally, such as; 1. overseeing reactor safety and security, 2. administering reactor licensing and renewal, 3. licensing radioactive materials, 4. radionuclide safety, 5. managing the storage, 6. security, recycling, and disposal of spent fuel.
4. Encourages member states who produce nuclear-powered devices need to be transparent and collaborate alongside the endorsement of the U.N through the; a. International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) a collaborative institution engaged in evidence-based approaches, in which advocate for health-promoting policies; i. Fore fronted on public health premises incorporating the human face of armed violence, ii. Supporting the economies decimated by the gargantuan costs of violence.
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General Assembly Second Committee (GA2) FHSMUN’s General Assembly Second Committee (GA2) is appropriate for all delegates, especially those with prior Model UN experience & interest in economic issues. GA2 looks at economics issues.
Topics:
• Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience • International Finance and Development
Country Delegate Austria Rhine Hazra Belgium Mark Thverge Canada Roc Walker Croatia Simona Simeonova Cyprus Anpas Cineus Denmark Rian Scott DPRK Hayden Katz Equatorial Guinea Justin Robert Estonia Shreya Varude Finland Nicholas Antonie France Mitchell Reid Germany Nathan Jackson Indonesia Cole Caven Iraq Pravus Tuli Ireland Anushka Lakum Italy Penelope Caravajal Japan Alexander Sheda Kenya Katie Warren Malta Chloe Eng Mexico Kevin Hu Morocco Eshan Ali
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Nigeria Caleb Addis Peru Tony Luo Portugal Alec Ramos Romania Ben Raton Russia Angela Dees Switzerland Daniel H. UAE Gisselle Cavagliano UK Megan Hermann USA Emily Rivera
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Resolution 1.1 – Loving Our Financial Initiatives (LOFI)
FHSMUNXLI General Assembly Second Committee Sponsors: Canada, Croatia, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Finland, France, Japan, Nigeria, Peru, United Arab Emirates, United States of America Signatories: Bulgaria, DPRK, Germany, Iraq, Malta, Morocco, Portugal
The United Nations General Assembly Second Committee,
Conscious of the omnipresent issues with funding towards disaster relief programs in the event of a catastrophe,
Emphasizing the causation between climate change and increased frequency of natural disasters,
Deeply concerned by the severity of natural disasters,
Appreciating the work other United Nations (UN) organs have accomplished in regards to disaster relief,
Seeking to expand the existing disaster relief frameworks and programs,
Recognizing the need to reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to the global gross domestic product, specifically regarding the state of financially strained states,
Commending the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) for their work in developing green energy alternatives worldwide,
Acknowledging that over a trillion dollars are lost worldwide annually due to corruption and that anti-corruption measures need to be implemented,
1. Recommends that the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) expand the International Environmental Education Programme (IEEP) in order to: a. Localize educational programs that train citizens to teach about disaster relief and safety strategies, the programs include: i. IEEP’s Environment and Education program ii. IEEP’s Disaster and Conflicts program b. Reach rural areas that are often overlooked by other educational programs, c. Disperse already produced educational materials and systems including but not limited to brochures and pamphlets and online material from various NGOs such as RedCross as well as Nationally-issued courses of action in specificity to already established regional and state disaster systems;
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2. Urges member states with developed economies to increase political and fiscal support for existing political and financial frameworks dedicated to mitigating the impact of anthropogenic climate change by: a. Adhering to the goals established by the Paris Climate Climate Accords by implementing policies that promote renewable energy development through subsidies, tax incentives, and fossil fuel FCC: reduction policies, b. Dedicating more funding towards the Green Climate Fund (GCF) in order to facilitate domestic policies in developing and transition economies towards diversifying the energy sector by developing more renewable and sustainable energy infrastructure;
3. Encourages the pursuit of Sustainable Development Goal 9 which establishes resilient infrastructure, promotes inclusive and sustainable industrialization and fosters innovation that mitigates the effects of disasters and reduces ecological harms that cause increased disaster occurrence by, a. Facilitating capital projects through fiscal support with low-interest rates from the World Bank to establish infrastructure, especially for developing and transitional economies, which is defined as: i. Transportation systems to expedite national responses to disasters, ii. Information and communication to increase awareness of disaster occurrences and coordinates responses, iii. Sanitation to prevent health crises stemming from disasters, iv. Electric power that is resilient to the elements and is sustainably produced to reduce climate change, v. Water supplies to maintain access to water during disasters, vi. Private and public property that can protect individuals from disasters, b. Renovating inefficient and outdated infrastructure by promoting public and private sector partnerships in the model of French Businesses 2019 Climate Pledge, c. Reducing climate change-induced disasters by providing funding for green technologies to financially strained states in compliance with Sustainable Development Goals 7 and 11, establishing access to affordable energy to all and resilient human settlements, respectively, through the financial support of funding programs such as: i. The Green Climate Fund (GCF), ii. Green Energy Special Fund (GESF), d. Encouraging bilateral and regional fiscal partnerships between countries in order to facilitate research and development of sustainable technology that can respond to disasters, e. Considering the reevaluation of Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) that allegedly discourages the development and economic solvency of developing economies and their initiatives to achieve Goal 9 by creating unnecessary debt burdens;
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4. Suggests that all nations increase funding towards the usage of national and local risk reduction strategies such as: a. Scientific models that predict where and which natural disasters are more likely to occur through the UNDP in order to build resilience in at-risk communities, these models should emulate the following programs: i. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Monitoring ii. World Weather Informational Service b. Information and communication technologies for the purpose of expediting localized and national responses to disasters, such as: i. Televised weather announcements ii. Thor Guard style sirens
5. Advises instituting the following disaster responses through specific monetary payment policies, such as: a. Catastrophe bonds with monetary payments that are determined by disaster impact through a tiered natural disaster assessment modeled after the Yew Disaster Severity Index that encompasses structural damages and casualties among other factors, these bonds transfer risks related to natural disasters from financially-strained member states to the capital markets, b. Rural insurance policy programs that emulate the African Union’s African Risk Capacity Insurance Company dedicated to subsidizing farmers and distributing food supplies in response to climate change-induced disasters;
6. Emphasizes further financial support by the IMF, individual nations, and regions for the relief of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) to mitigate the economic strain of influxes in IDPs caused by disasters through: a. Emulating programs such as the Kampala Convention in the African Union that encourages regional responses to IDPs fleeing multiple crises, particularly climate change and disasters, b. Fostering domestic policies that coordinate national responses to influxes of IDPs such as the Nigerian Emergency Management Agency Initiative and the Federal Emergency Management Agency in the United States;
7. Urges the expansion and implementation of the Sendai Framework by: a. Expanding the operating powers of the UN Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC) and recommending they be given the necessary funding to enlist the following personnel: i. Climate change experts ii. Infrastructure inspectors iii. First responders b. Encouraging the implementation of the Sendai Framework in member states where it has not been implemented;
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8. Recommends the implementation of the corruption standards outlined in the UN Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) in order to ensure that all international aid funds are given by this resolution and future resolutions for disasters are effectively used: a. These standards should be especially applied to UN financial institutions that include but are not limited to: i. The International Monetary Fund, ii. European Monetary Fund, iii. The World Bank, b. These standards should be implemented in all member states, especially developing and transitioning economies, and further completed through the Implementation Review Mechanism (IRM), c. As well, the following anti-corruption measures are encouraged; i. Reforming public administration and finance management, ii. Promoting transparency and access to information, iii. Closing loopholes in international agreements.
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Resolution 1.3 – Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience
FHSMUN XLI General Assembly Second Committee Sponsors: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Malta, Morocco, Romania, Russian Federation, Switzerland Signatories: Bulgaria, Canada, DPRK, Estonia, Germany, Iraq, Nigeria, Portugal, United Kingdom
The General Assembly Second Committee,
Recalling the drafting of the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 and the resultant Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, which outlines specific global targets to mitigate disaster risk,
Bearing in mind the geographical and developmental disparities among nations and the consequent difference in needs and strategic approaches,
Reaffirming the management of multi-hazard disaster risk under the common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities principles of climate negotiation,
Mindful that disaster risk reduction and resilience is not a priority in the certain Member States,
Keeping in mind the need for flexibility in responding to needs at the most important level— the community—while providing a harmonized framework to coordinate disaster initiatives at the national, financial, and international levels,
Noting with concern that natural disasters disproportionately affect certain demographics, including women, families, and indigenous peoples,
Recognizing anthropogenic climate change, including the extensive use of extractives, as a key factor to the rising impact of natural disasters and risks upon the Member States,
Considering the past General Assembly resolutions “International Cooperation on Humanitarian Assistance in the Field of Natural Disasters, from relief to development” (Doc. A/73/L18/Rev. 1) and “Strengthening of Coordination of Emergency Humanitarian Assistance of the UN” (Doc. A/73/L65),
Emphasizing the temporary nature of foreign aid and the need for a subsequent easing of external aid to ensure the motion for nations to become more self-reliant in the response mechanisms for natural disasters,
1. Encourages the preliminary steps to self-sufficiency by willing and the able Member States, consisting of:
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a. Preparing and educating the Member States about upcoming natural disasters to avoid endangerment of all populations, especially women, children, families, when these disasters occur, b. Educating the local population about the implementation of alternative agricultural techniques, disaster prevention, mitigation, and response programs through the utilization of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), including, but not limited to: i. The International Network for Education in Emergencies, ii. The One Acre Fund, and iii. Relief International;
2. Suggests the expansion and continuation of UN System initiatives directed at promoting gender mainstreaming and inclusivity in environmental issues such as: a. the Green Belt Movement (GBM) focused on educating women on environmental issues as well as liaising with governments, intergovernmental organization, and non-governmental organizations, b. the Global Gender and Climate Alliance (GGCA) dedicated to providing direct links between women’s advocacy groups and policymakers, c. the Small Grants Programme (SGP) through the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) aimed at disbursing grants based on gender equality;
3. Encourages willing and able Member States to implement cooperatives to address communal grass-roots risk reduction by: a. Deriving aid from the three existing pooled humanitarian funds that finance preparedness such as, but not limited to: i. emergency funds, including the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF), and ii. common humanitarian funds (CHF), b. Enabling the environment for citizens to establish cooperatives with the purpose of: i. Diversifying livelihoods/incomes, ii. Adopting hazard-resistant agriculture (drought-resistant crops, salt- resistant crops, and other situation-based alternative crops), and iii. Discussing community contingency funds and compulsory social insurance programs, funded by taxes or premiums paid by participants;
4. Recommends data collection in the form of government censuses to track and produce local data, specifically including populations, spatial distribution, gender structure, and living conditions, to ensure accurate vulnerability mapping by: a. Complying with the following basic principles: i. Soundness, which entails the need for accurate estimates of populations with a focus on: i. Relevance, or the degree to which statistics support the needs of the citizenry, and
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ii. Consistency, or the degree to which statistics fully cover the phenomenon in question, ii. Consistency, which entails the data to be collected at regular intervals and using typical measuring units, iii. Timeliness, which entails the data being available within a short time period from the collection time, and iv. Accessibility, which entails data being easy to access and the barriers to use, like privacy restrictions, cost, and complexity, being minimal, b. Deriving aid from organizations such as, but not limited to, the UN Population Fund (UNFPA) and its corresponding thematic funds such as UNFPA Supplies, the Maternal Health Trust Fund, the Humanitarian Action Thematic Fund, and the Population Data Thematic Fund;
5. Calls for the continual monitoring, mapping, and documentation of natural disasters through databases such as the Emergency Events Database, for the purpose of: a. Mapping and determining the global sites most vulnerable to natural disasters, b. Obtaining information about the demographics most affected by these disasters, c. Using the data given to coordinate affordable solutions to disaster risk relief, d. Making the information easily accessible to aid organizations and government agencies such as the Red Cross; e. Utilizing the enhanced transparency framework and the Paris Climate Accord guidelines targets and strategies to enhance the accessibility of information gathered through the aforementioned census in Clause 3 and other governmental assessments;
6. Suggests the implementation of centrally located Information and Education Data Stations (I&E Stations), built of concrete with rebar and other durable materials and overseen by meteorologists, seismologists, and other disaster risk professionals, for the purpose of: a. Sending specialists to go from these stations to areas less central in order to give information to more isolated communities; b. Acting as shelters during natural disaster events stocked with food, water, and medical supplies provided by NGOs and other organization that would like to donate services or supplies, such as: i. Direct Relief International, ii. The Salvation Army, iii. Doctors Without Borders, and iv. International Relief Teams, c. Implementing measures for situational awareness by improving the monitoring and processing of equipment through investing in climate-related monitoring technology, such as: i. Seismographs, ii. Automated sensors in or adjacent to rivers, iii. Satellites, 69
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d. Utilizing hardware and software for predicting the development of emergency situations for natural disasters, mainly for more developed countries, by: i. Training specialists to use the technology, ii. Implementing auditory and/or visual early warning systems about upcoming disasters such as: i. sirens, ii. flag systems, iii. Flashing LED Warning signs;
7. Recommends the strengthening and reevaluation of existing disaster risk policies of participating developed and developing the Member States through the following approaches: a. Modeling the 2012-2016 European Union (EU) STAR-FLOOD program, which sought to improve flood risk policy in seven EU Member States, b. Initiating dialogue with disaster risk professionals, scientists, economists, and/or UN and government personnel to discuss efficient, effective, and legitimate policy approaches, c. Utilizing peer-reviewed research publications and case studies to measure risk reduction progress in the target regions and metropolitan and rural areas, d. Analyzing the demographics from databases to determine how to better address the people groups most affected by the studied natural disasters;
8. Endorses the use of a dynamic resilience framework to properly allocate tight supplies of resources during the event of a disaster by: a. Establishing a baseline reserve of fiscal mechanisms for affected governments consisting of dynamic pricing, which encompasses adjusting prices based on consumer demand, and demand management and tariffs directed towards improving reserve margins to account for the strain put on the stockpile, b. Focusing on short- and long-term modeling and forecasting systems, such as but not limited to, hazard-specific modeling, climate modeling, and forecasting at local levels provided by NGOs like: i. The Global Risk Intelligence (GRI) advisory firm, ii. CartONG, specializing in geographical data, and iii. The Society for Conservation GIS (SCGIS),
9. Encourages the utilization of existing emergency first-aid and first-response groups as an initial response over the course of two weeks after the occurrence of a severe natural disaster, composed of: a. Existing first-aid emergency teams, such as the Belgium First Aid and Support Team (B-FAST), sponsored by willing and able Member States, b. Emergency groups sponsored by UN programs such as CERF and the UN Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC), and c. Personnel from NGOs such as the International Community of the Red Cross;
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10. Reaffirms the belief that NGOs and private charities can be beneficial to the short-term recovery of affected communities in the majority of Member States: a. NGOs and other such organizations would serve as a normally temporary means of advisory and assistance, and serve in the respective impacted disaster zone until the host nation wished to dismiss any aid, i. Each nation’s government can have the choice to rightfully uphold their national sovereignty and reject aid and assistance if they so wish, ii. NGOs include but are not limited to the International Red Cross, All Hands and Hearts, among others;
11. Emphasizes the modification of disaster responses by distributing post-disaster information across networks operating in the following domains: a. Physical, sensors, facilities, equipment, system states, and capabilities, b. Informative measures, in terms of creation, manipulation, and storage of data, c. Cognitive, including understanding, mental models, preconceptions, biases, and values, and d. Social, in terms of interaction, collaboration, and self-synchronization between individuals and entities.
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Resolution 2.1 – Justful Absolvement of Hindrances (JAH)
FHSMUNXLI General Assembly Second Committee Sponsors: Austria, Belgium, Canada, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Finland, France, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Malta, Morocco, Nigeria, Peru Signatories: Croatia, Denmark, Germany, Iraq, Russian Federation, Romania, Switzerland, United Arab Emirates, United States of America
Recognizing the crippling debt held by developed and developing Member States and the hindrance these debts serve to economic growth,
Acknowledging the role the United Nations systems have played in creating these debts,
Recalling the adaptation of the Monterrey Consensus and Doha Declaration, which sought to formulate development strategies and highlight solidarity among the Member States in relieving external debt,
Further recalling Millennium Development Goal 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development, and Target 8D: Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries,
Taking note of the responsibility of developing nations to foster equitable, fair trade with Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs),
Cognizant of the consequences of the use of austerity policies and strict repayment plans,
Emphasizing the necessity of establishing countercyclical measures to discourage unsustainable, high-risk borrowing and government spending,
Further emphasizing the conduciveness of fiscal solvency towards achieving economic and social development,
Keeping in mind the priority of upholding the national sovereignty of every Member State,
Deploring the utilization of austerity policies, which harm the most vulnerable HIPCs and create financial conflicts in the developed Member States,
Noting the accepted conclusion that the nations of most general risk to debt and its political effects are less developed member states (LDCs) and that measures need to be taken to assure their sovereignty and integrity is not jeopardized,
1. Reaffirms the vision and strategy of the Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries to enhance productive capacities and equitable growth of HIPC by
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encouraging development partners, such as but not limited to, the Inter-American Development Bank, the International Development Association, and the African Development Fund, to: a. Provide enhanced financial and technical support and facilitate the transfer of technology under mutually agreed terms to LDCs to remove structural and institutional constraints on the private sector, b. Support initiatives to strengthen institutional and managerial capacities, and the productivity of small and medium-sized enterprises in LDCs to improve their competitiveness, and c. Provide the following technical assistance: i. Provision of the Debt Management and Financial Analysis System (DMFAS) and related technical and functional training, ii. Specialized training on debt data validation, on debt statistics bulletins, on debt portfolio analysis, and procedures, iii. Advisory services;
2. Endorses willing and able nations to address free trade constraints to export-led growth, which is conducive to expanding GDP, jobs, and income flows from the exporting of goods, by diversifying export bases through: a. Short-term methods such as fiscal policy reforms in the flow of capital within general industries through: i. Increasing limited fiscal space through localization projects, in conjunction with facilitated public acceptance, which would include the use of consumption, value-added taxes providing investing power in economic infrastructure, ii. Adopting expansionist measures aimed at investing in government bonds to ensure a stable flow of capital through banks, fostering a better climate for foreign direct investments, b. Long-term methods such as liberalizing trade in alternative goods and services such that: i. Interventionist measures exist for low-income/developing nations to develop their own services and support their own diversification efforts, ii. Economies that rely heavily on natural resources and extractives can adopt a feasible near-term course to focus primarily on process improvements to existing activities;
3. Supports the implementation of temporary interventionist measures by severely indebted nations to enhance the contestability and export competitiveness of domestic industries by: a. Issuing export subsidies that reduce the cost of production and allow for survivability at low-profit margins, specifically prioritizing new potential export sectors, and b. Establishing local content requirements on foreign direct investments to ensure that the country in question has access to the technology transfer benefits of such investments, specifically stipulating that: 73
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i. Foreign firms use a certain amount of locally made materials and parts for the aggregate product, and ii. Investors invest in human, physical, and technological capital in promoted export sectors;
4. Recommends the adoption of a structural balance rule, aimed at creating structural surpluses, where government expenditures are budgeted based on forecasts, which are: a. In line with predicted structural revenues that would be achieved if: i. The economy was operating at full potential, and ii. The prices of the central commodities were at their long-term levels, b. Predicted by a panel of independent, third-party experts of the futures market, such as regional and international commodity analysts, tasked with estimating the extent to which commodity prices and GDP have departed from their average;
5. Further encourages willing and able nations to enable public-private partnerships (PPPs) to mobilize private capital by: a. Proportioning reliant channels of private finance opposed to traditional lending channels to offer equipment financing and leasing for enterprises of all scale, spanning all industries, b. Ensuring temporary direct and contingent liabilities to satisfy the underlying fiscal costs of PPPs that may arise in the medium or short-term through: i. Assets ownership, ii. Equity participation, iii. Subordinated debt financing, iv. Risk sharing, and v. The provision of various incentives such as loan guarantees for sub- sovereign and non-sovereign borrowing;
6. Recommends that the Member States reverse the effects of austerity policies through: a. Reforming national government budget policies through: i. Restoring funding to previously restricted social services, ii. Restructuring tax policies to relieve impacted communities, iii. Stimulating economic growth through increased government spending towards developing infrastructure, b. Increasing capital production investment through: i. Diversification of industry, especially the energy sector, ii. Emphasis on comparatively advantageous products, c. Implementing quantitative easing amongst central banks;
7. Encourages the developed Member States to reform certain aspects of economic policy and administration for the purpose of: a. Decreasing the debt-to-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ratios below 77 percent, the stable and sustainable threshold outlined by the World Bank, 74
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b. Creating more employment opportunities and incentivizing economic growth through the use of the following International Labor Organization (ILO) endorsed programs and similar measures: i. Employment-intensive works, ii. Promotion of labor markets, and iii. Self-employment and small business support;
8. Urges the consideration of external debt relief for HIPCs or states that have been historically burdened by austerity policies, unfair repayment plans, and debt unjustly incurred by previously deposed political regimes by: a. International monetary organizations, such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), b. International creditor groups, such as the Paris Club, c. Foreign public or private creditors, and d. The developed Member States;
9. Affirms the reactivation of the IMFs Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI), which advocated for the cancellation of 100 percent of debts acquired by HIPCs that were past the completion point outlined in the HIPC Initiative (HIPCI), with the following conditions: a. Evaluate the HIPC’s successful implementation of its Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) for an assigned duration of time depending on the debt history as well as its creditworthiness as per the individual assessment of the HIPC, b. Demonstrate the utilization of the HIPC’s PRSP and other reform policies to ensure economic growth and stability, and c. Take measures to discourage austerity requirements in the HIPCI, such as removing illicit financial flows and reallocating public expenditures.
10. Encourages the stimulation of economic growth in HIPCs, which will allow more free trade between the HIPC and the such Member States, through the following actions: a. Lowering of interest rates on external debt to lower the cost of borrowing and allow for more manageable repayment and relief in order to: i. Allow for more accessible repayment of loans, ii. Stimulate future capital development, b. Relieving of tariffs to decrease prices on the HIPC’s exports in order to: i. Open markets for these countries ii. Promote economic fairness and integrity iii. Allow the expansion of business in these countries c. Expanding quotas on particular products that the HIPC exports to allow: i. Economic development d. Implementing loans that stimulate more sustainable infrastructure and foster economic growth at very low-interest rates, such as: i. UN Capital Development Fund (UNCDF), and ii. Latin American Reserve Fund.
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Resolution 2.2 – Furthering Opportunities Regarding the Noble International Tangible Entities (FORTNITE)
FHSMUN XLI General Assembly Second Committee Sponsors: Bulgaria, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Kenya, Mexico, Morocco, Portugal, Russia, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Japan Signatories: Belgium, France, Indonesia, Austria, Peru, Finland
The United Nations General Assembly Second Committee,
Recognizing the problems that countries currently face financially,
Emphasizing the current sanctions in place to protect nations,
Welcoming a debt brake system to help developing countries,
1. Encourages NGOs such as but not limited to Global Justice Now, in order to help developing countries by: a. Working with different member states in order to provide different debt management strategies; b. Helping implement renewable energy
2. Highly recommends the implementation of different renewable energy sources to: a. Create a sustainable future for in debt countries b. Create diversification in resources i. Not purely dependent on oil or fossil fuels sectors, ii. Introduction of industries such as E-commerce c. Reduce carbon emissions and producing cheaper long term cheaper energy sources such as, i. Wind Turbines, ii. Hydro plants, iii. Solar Panels, iv. Other renewable sources depending on the area, d. Make sure that once debt is lowered, countries are not set back years because of lack of development, e. Lower debt by potential debt swaps with certain countries for the implementation of renewable resources;
3. Invites the introduction of a debt brake system including: a. An expenditure ceiling, i. Decided by a nation's estimated revenues multiplied by their business cycle adjustment factors,
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ii. Excluding extraordinary revenues in the determination of a Nation’s estimated revenues to keep debt brakes balanced in the long run, i. Including extraordinary investment income as well as extraordinary income from state taxes and fines and licenses, b. A formula codified in the Financial Budget Act entails, i. Compliance with the debt brake rules monitored by UN Audit Offices modeled after the Swiss Federal Audit Office (SFAO) will: i. examine the preparation of federal budgets. ii. interpret provisions iii. examine whether financial statements are in line with the debt brake provisions iv. report findings in annual reports ii. A cycle adjustment factor, i. calculated by dividing a Nation's trend real gross domestic product (GDP) with the current GDP, ii. Allows deficits with a ratio that is larger than one, iii. Where surplus is required only if the ratio is below one, iv. Allows for an increase of the ceiling only if the additional payment required reaches 0.5% of the current ceiling,
4. Emphasizes that sanctions should remain on certain countries who refuse to solve issues on why the sanctions were placed upon them in the first place; no matter debt in the country.
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Resolution 2.3 – International Finance: External Debt and Development – Sustainable Wealth Across Generations (SWAG)
FHSMUN XLI General Assembly Second Committee Sponsors: Romania, United Arab Emirates, United States, Japan, Russia, Signatories: Austria, Portugal, Equatorial Guinea, Italy
Noting the work of the United Nations in this area,
Acknowledging the historical success of free-market economies to generate economic growth,
Reaffirming that each country has primary responsibility for its own development and that the role of national policies and development strategies should be complemented by supportive global programs,
Emphasizing that debt sustainability is essential for underpinning growth, underlining the importance of debt sustainability and debt transparency,
Expressing concern about the adverse impact of the continuing fragility of the global economy and the slow pace of the restoration of global growth and trade,
Expressing deep concern that global growth has remained strongly dependent on
1. Emphasizes the importance of timely, effective, comprehensive, and durable solutions to the debt problems of developing countries to promote their economic growth and development, suggesting the implementation
2. Stresses the dual responsibility of creditors and debtor countries to avoid a build-up of unsustainable debt so as to reduce the risk of relapsing into another debt crisis, and the need to continue assisting these developing countries;
3. Encourages equity investments in order to enable both public and private sector companies around the world, especially in developing countries, to evolve, covering vital infrastructure sectors;
4. Reiterates that no single indicator should be used to make definitive judgments about a country’s debt sustainability and that member states should collaborate to achieve: 78
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a. Improved data collection and quality in areas that include: i. domestic public debt ii. domestic and external private debt b. Optimal legal and regulatory features in areas such as currency denomination and jurisdiction according to national priorities;
5. Invites the United Nations system, including the World Bank Group, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and other relevant stakeholders, to continue to provide policy advice and technical assistance to governments, upon request, in the areas of managing debt and maintaining databases;
6. Stresses the need to strengthen information and transparency between all creditors and borrowers, such as: a. More clear guidelines on interest rates on why or when they will increases or decrease b. Encourage a mutual exchange of information on borrowing and lending.
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Security Council FHSMUN’s Security Council is designed for experienced delegates and will feature a crisis scenario in addition to the topics listed below. Membership is limited to the following countries: China, France, Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States are permanent members. Belgium, Côte d’Ivoire, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Germany, Indonesia, Kuwait, Peru, Poland, & South Africa are non-permanent members.
Topics:
• The Situation in Afghanistan • Crisis Topic: The Situation in Myanmar and Bangladesh • The Situation in Libya
Country Delegate Belgium Job Macht Cote d'Ivoire Michael Bouhebent Dominican Republic Sophia Wewe Equatorial Guinea Andrew Taramykin France Joshua Toledano Germany Joseph Lucas Indonesia Sophia Abolfathi Kuwait Alexis Dorman Peru Alexa King Poland Angel Rosado Russian Federation Sonny Russano South Africa Cailene Bush The People's Republic of China Jacob Ellis United Kingdom Megan Bailey United States Eleazar Padilla
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Resolution 1.1 – The Situation in Afghanistan and Pakistan
FHSMUN XLI United Nations Security Council Sponsors: Belgium, Côte d’Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Poland, Russian Federation, Federal Republic of Germany, United Kingdom, United States of America Signatories: France, Indonesia, South Africa, Peru, Dominican Republic, Kuwait, The People’s Republic China
The Security Council,
Cognizant of the numerous failures of past peace talks in Afghanistan,
Endorsing the reinforcement of the Afghan National Police (ANP) to ensure eventual independence in maintaining national security within Afghanistan,
Noting the instability of the Afghan-Pakistani border and working to ensure the safety of the surrounding people,
Reaffirming the importance of Afghan political independence in terms of governmental reconstruction,
Observing the strong relationship between the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s (NATO) and the United Nations (UN),
Recalling A/71/L.13 and the numerous clauses referring to economic and infrastructural development in Afghanistan,
1. Recognizes the peace treaty between United States and Taliban delegations, which outlines the removal of all foreign military bodies within Afghanistan within 14 months, with the hope that the United Nations will assist in operations, with the goal of: a. Slowly reducing the 16,000 NATO troops within Afghanistan’s borders over fourteen months, which will: i. Allow for a greater responsibility of the ANP to have more authority in Afghanistan; ii. Help facilitate and control reactions to the immediate effects of the U.S. withdrawal of their troops, which is outlined by: 1. The removal of one third of troops in 135 days (13 July, 2020);
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2. The complete removal of U.S. based troops in Afghanistan by July of 2021; b. Tentatively committing to: i. The United States of America removing all troops from Afghanistan by their date agreed upon in their peace conference with the Taliban; ii. Having the ANP take full control and authority of Afghan security by the conclusion of the 14 month period; c. Decreasing troop amounts at areas within Afghanistan that are: i. Bordering Pakistan; ii. Known terrorist safe havens, such as: 1. Nangarhar province; 2. Ghazni and Paktika provinces; 3. Helmand and Nimroz provinces; 4. Kunduz and Baghlan provinces, and d. Potentially removing the presence of NGOs and UN bodies within five years to grant such authorities to the Afghan government;
2. Directs that the peace treaty be facilitated by the United Nations - more specifically the Afghanistan UN Country Team (UNCT) - on the basis that: a. There is no longer an immediate danger to the citizens of Afghanistan that the ANP cannot protect them against, which is to be verifiedverified by: i. An annual congregation of the representatives from, the UN Secretary General’s Special Representative for Afghanistan, NATO, the Taliban, and Afghanistan (ASCA) that will: 1. Meet a minimum of once per month in Kabul; 2. Be prepared to meet on an emergency basis; ii. A set of guidelines that facilitates the execution of the peace treaty that, if violated, will nullify the peace treaty and demand further action, including: 1. An investigation from the Security Council Commission of Investigation; 2. A defined clear and present danger that would cause for the removal of troops to be against the interests of public safety which will be decided by: a. The ASCA; b. Calls by the Afghan government, and; b. The treaty between the United States and the Taliban is not nullified or broken based on a stipulation not stated in clause two, subclause A;
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3. Suggests the congregation of the ASCA one year after the signing of the peace treaty to: a. Determine - on a humanitarian or security basis - whether there is a need for the preparation of peacekeeping forces or additional forces after the conclusion of NATO and United States withdrawal; b. Distinguish the most important locations for the ANP to mobilize to, so as to ensure protections in: i. Areas vulnerable to terrorist attacks; ii. Repatriation camps; iii. Major governmental centers, and iv. Any area at the discretion of the ASCA;
4. Directs the ASCA to meet on an emergency basis within the fourteen month revocation process to: a. Potentially issue a Peacekeeping mandate at the discretion of the Afghan government, if and only if: i. There is a clear and present danger to the Afghan people; ii. There is a break in the peace treaty brokered by the United States and the Taliban, and b. Facilitate a potential break in the peace treaty;
5. Encourages the implementation of United Nations military advisors at necessary junctions with the intention of adequately preparing the ANP force for potential terror threats as commissioned by the ASCA, on an ad hoc basis with consent from the Afghan government;
6. Designates that that the funding within the ANP be allocated towards reinforcing new tactics and techniques designed to work in unison with: a. Existing training programs that emphasize counter terrorism and counter insurgency capabilities, and b. Other branches of the Afghan military to maintain unity, order, and legitimacy among the Afghan militia;
7. Invites the Afghan government to be present at every peace conference that is sponsored by an outside delegation to: a. Ensure that the Afghan government receives representation for matters that occur on their own soil, and b. Maintain the legitimacy and authority of the Afghan government;
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8. Calls upon the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) to cooperate with the following actors to accommodate returning refugees into their communities: a. The Afghan national government, which, with the assistance of the UNHCR, will uphold the national citizenship of repatriated Afghans, b. The Afghan National Police, which may be authorized to oversee the protection of repatriated citizens, c. Local authorities, which, at the direction of provincial councils, will be assisted by UNAMA and the UNHCR to coordinate their respective repatriation at the local and provincial levels, so as to: i. Ensure that government actions are appropriate to specific regional situations, ii. Allow repatriated refugees to have local access to repatriation authorities, and d. The Afghan based Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC), which will assist in ensuring all refugees are returned to their community;
9. Urges Afghanistan to cooperate with Pakistan regarding repatriation of the 1.5 million registered Afghan refugees currently residing in Pakistan by: a. Coordinating with the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) to establish repatriation camps along the Pakistan-Afghan border and monitoring these camps with the ANP to ensure there is no violence; b. Utilizing non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to facilitate the established camps, including: i. RedR International which will provide support with: 1. Humanitarian aid; 2. Training to other humanitarian aid forces, and ii. The International Rescue Committee;
10. Supports the protection of the Pakistan-Afghan border during the coming period of repatriation of Afghan refugees by: a. Establishing the Pakistani-Afghan border as a prioritized location for: i. Both the NATO and United States troops for the remainder of their time in Afghanistan; ii. The ANP; b. Increasing the legitimacy of border checkpoints by issuing passports to all credible Afghan citizens; c. Detaining potentially dangerous individuals at the border, including: i. Pakistani criminals acting as Afghani refugees; 84
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ii. Narcotics smugglers who may pose a threat to the safety of returning refugees, and d. Requesting Pakistan’s cooperation on the border to attempt to also perform checks at the border;
11. Decides to remain actively seized in the matter.
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Resolution 1.2 – The Situation in Afghanistan and Pakistan
FHSMUN XLI United Nations Security Council Sponsors: Equatorial Guinea, France, Kuwait, South Africa, United Kingdom, The People’s Republic of China Signatories: Belgium, Côte d’Ivoire, Dominican Republic, Indonesia, The Russian Federation, United States
Acknowledging the need for a comprehensive peace plan that addresses the latent sources of the conflict in Afghanistan,
Fully believing that security concerns will resurface if underlying causes of the dispute are unresolved,
Noting with approval the success of truth and reconciliation commissions in establishing sustainable peace in South Africa and Sierra Leone following these member states’ internal conflicts,
Realizing the need for an Afghan government that genuinely represents and considers the differing perspectives of the divisive cultural, religious, political, and ethnic sects of Afghan society, while respecting Afghan self-determination and sovereignty throughout the process,
Intending to strengthen the Afghan government’s relationship with regional and international partners,
Referencing the Security Council Resolution 1989 to address the concerns of security in the use of non-governmental organizations and infrastructure developments in Afghanistan,
1. Notes with approval the efforts of various member states, such as the United States and the People’s Republic of China, to facilitate peace talks between actors, such as the Afghan government, the Taliban, and Pakistan and: a. Encourages these member states to continue pursuing peaceful, multilateral assistance, b. Insists that foreign actors in Afghanistan act at the behest and in the interests of the Afghan state;
2. Proposes the re-establishment of the Afghan High Peace Council (HPC) with an expanded mandate, in the spirit of resolution 2460 (2019), under the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan’s (UNAMA) political pillar, in conjunction with the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, and so as to ensure: a. The administration of restorative justice, spearheaded by the Afghan judiciary, including rectifying crimes committed during times of conflict by various actors,
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and with the oversight of the OHCHR, which will report monthly to the Security Council, the Afghan National Assembly, and the Afghan president the transparency of the Afghan judiciary and the inclusivity of Afghan stakeholders in the appointment of judges and jurors in these reconciliation trials, b. The development of trust between the Afghan state and Afghan people via the integration of local and tribal authorities, under the following provisions: i. The HPC will work directly with the 34 provincial councils of Afghanistan and their respective councilors (PCs) to implement initiatives on the local and regional level, ii. Elected members of the Wolesi Jirga (House of the People) will be invited to provide representation of their local districts in HPC discussions, iii. The HPC, with the consent of the Afghan president, will call a “loya jirga” (a meeting of Pashtun tribal elders and leaders) to ensure the representation of tribal interests in long-term state development and to promote popular trust in public institutions, iv. Community leaders in ethnic minority groups will be invited and encouraged to participate in the HPC, including (but not limited to) Tajiks, Hazaras, Uzbeks, Aimaqs, Turkmens, Balochis, and the Nuristanis; however, other groups may be called at the Council’s discretion, c. That HPC proceedings will be assessed monthly by the OHCHR and UNAMA separately, considering the following criteria: i. The HPC will be comprised of 24 delegates elected by the aforementioned stakeholders, including: 1. Three delegates elected by the provincial councils, 2. Three delegates elected by the Wolesi Jirga, 3. Seven delegates elected by the loya jirga, 4. One delegate elected by each of the seven aforementioned ethnic minorities, 5. Three delegates elected by the legitimately-recognized Taliban, 6. The President of Afghanistan as the ex officio chair of the HPC, ii. De-escalation of violence by all actors, iii. Fair administration of restorative justice as determined by the Council, d. The mandate for UNAMA and OHCHR oversight will expire 12 months after the enactment of this resolution and may be renewed by the Security Council, e. The HPC will be an Afghan government council, and the Afghan state has jurisdiction over it, which entails: i. The Afghan government’s right to reform or restructure the council, with the oversight of the UNHCR and UNAMA, and ii. The Afghan government’s right to maintain the HPC for as long as deemed necessary;
3. Emphasizes the need to follow the Securing Afghan National Sovereignty (SANS), which outlines respect for the sovereignty of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and encourages UNAMA to work collaboratively with the Afghan government in pursuit of a successful conclusion to the Mission’s mandate; 87
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4. Establishes the Salmiya Conference, a United Nations (UN) forum under the UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (UNESCWA), for the Afghan government, the Taliban command, and regional actors at the invitation of the aforementioned Afghan parties to discuss grievances and disputes with the intent of fostering good faith and greater understanding between critical political leaders that will abide by the following terms such as, but not limited to: a. The forum is suggested to be hosted in Salmiya, Kuwait, however, the location will ultimately be decided at the parties’ discretion, b. The forum will be hosted biannually at the discretion of the hosting party, and c. Representatives to the forum will be subject to S/RES/2082 clause 9;
5. Calls upon the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) to provide greater opportunities for the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan to integrate and cooperate with fellow member states on efforts pertaining to: a. Counter-terrorism strategies, b. Infrastructure technologies, c. Financial and resource investments, d. And other economic opportunities, and
6. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.
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Resolution 1.3 – The Situation in Afghanistan and Pakistan
FHSMUN XLI United Nations Security Council Sponsors: Dominican Republic, Kuwait, Peru, South Africa, United Kingdom Signatories: Belgium, Côte d’Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Indonesia, The People’s Republic of China, The Russian Federation, The United States of America
The United Nations Security Council,
Acknowledging the ongoing conflicts in Afghanistan,
Recalling previous UN Security Council resolutions S/Res/1373 and S/Res/2178 when going about the creation of a counter-terrorism strategy,
Mindful of Afghanistan’s sovereignty and independence,
Reiterating the importance of addressing terrorism and sustainability in order to increase stability in the region,
Recognizing that there are currently 2.6 million registered Afghan refugees around the world and over 2 million internally displaced,
Noting that the forced return of refugees in recent years has led to the deaths of many people, especially children,
1. Strongly Supports continued humanitarian assistance by various non-governmental organizations (NGOs) such as, but not limited to: a. The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, in order to provide: i. Food to communities with lack of sufficient agricultural opportunities, ii. Clean water to Afghan regions with little to no access to it; b. The United Nations Office for Project Services, in order to: i. Coordinate strategies to provide humanitarian aid to rural areas, particularly in the vulnerable area of Southern Afghanistan, and; ii. Ensure NGO personnel are safe throughout humanitarian endeavors;
2. Encourages the implementation of programs that focus on providing education against extremism in ways that:
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a. Promote the moderate practice of Islam as opposed to extremism, reflecting the initiatives already implemented within Kuwait with the help of: i. Kuwaiti counter-terrorism organizations, and ii. The non-profit organization: Life After Hate; b. Target high-risk communities - defined as communities that are impoverished or have low human development indices, have a high concentration of minorities, or anything that the Afghan government deems to be “high risk” - through: i. The establishment of radio talks, ii. The use of counseling of teachers and students in schools, and iii. The development of religious opportunities aside from radicalization;
3. Calls Upon Afghanistan and UN bodies to collaborate and establish economic opportunities for the Afghan people in the sectors of: a. Energy, with the support of the United Nations Environment Programme; b. Health, with the support of the World Health Organization and the United Nations Population Fund, and c. Education with the support of the United Nations Development Programme;
4. Approves the creation of sustainability initiatives through cooperation between Afghanistan, UN bodies and Member States in an effort to: a. Ensure the success of the Afghan Sustainable Development Goals outlined by the UNDP, specifically: i. SDG 1: No poverty, ii. SDG 2: Zero Hunger, iii. SDG 3: Good Health and Well Being, iv. SDG 5: Gender Equality, v. SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure, vi. SDG 17: Partnership for the Goals; b. Advance strategies that would work to develop industry, infrastructure, and better living standards in Afghanistan;
5. Recommends that Afghanistan adopt and implement a variety of counter-terrorism initiatives, such as, but not limited to: a. The Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism, and b. The United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy;
6. Encourages cooperation between the government of Afghanistan and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to create a comprehensive plan for the resettlement of refugees, including, but not limited to: 90
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a. Working with the International Organization for Migration (IOM) to provide government identification to all Afghan refugees and Internally Displaced Persons so they may safely return home as soon as possible; b. Utilizing the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) to assist in developing infrastructure and sustainable housing for the refugees upon their return to their homeland;
7. Decides to remain actively seized on the matter.
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Resolution 1.4 – The Situation in Afghanistan and Pakistan
FHSMUN XLI United Nations Security Council Sponsors: Equatorial Guinea, France, Germany, Indonesia, Peru, South Africa, United Kingdom Signatories: Belgium, China, Côte d’Ivoire, Kuwait, Poland, Russian Federation, United States of America
The Security Council,
Seeking United Nations (UN) and Afghanistan cooperation in close development of state industry progress and expansion,
Fully aware of the fact that Afghanistan’s economy relies on agriculture, especially the cultivation of poppy,
Recalling resolution 1817(2008) with regards to the production and smuggling of opium and other narcotics in Afghanistan,
Reiterates the importance of allowing the Afghan government to preside over industry expansion and foreign intervention limitations regarding state and private interests,
Stressing that Afghan citizens must be supported in their integration into growing job markets,
Noting the importance of clearing landmines and acknowledging the fact that the Herat and Bamyan regions have already been cleared,
Encouraging greater cooperation between (UN) and Afghan government authorities in the implementation of UN missions in Afghanistan,
Determined to help Afghan mining leaders thrive in their endeavors,
Fully believing in Afghanistan’s ability to be self-sufficient and the importance of retaining Afghan sovereignty in these affairs,
1. Designates the United Nations Industrial Development Organizations (UNIDO) to hold annual conferences with the Afghanistan Ministry of Mines and Petroleum and the Ministry of Commerce and Industries with regard to the progress of the 2019 Mining Sector Roadmap and Reform Strategy of Extractive Industries, specifically concerning: 92
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a. A working relationship between the bodies for the purpose of supporting the project and directing funding and industry personnel to mining operations on an as-need basis, and b. Looking at research opportunities by UNIDO and the United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development (UNSTD) in the sustainability and efficiency of hydrocarbon, primary, and industrial metal extractions;
2. Affirms support for agricultural revitalization in Afghanistan and encourages the use of United Nations Food and Agriculture (UNFAO) and the non-governmental organization (NGO) One Acre Fund to work with Afghan farmers, especially those in the Helmand region, to work towards the cultivation of other crops as alternatives to poppy by: a. Distributing seeds, fertilizer, and other agricultural materials to support the growth of traditional Afghan crops such as pistachios, citrus, almonds, and other foods that once made up 50% of Afghanistan’s export economy; b. Developing sustainable irrigation technology that supports the development in agriculture as well as meets the needs of the local farmers, and c. Continue using the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to monitor the cultivation providing bi-monthly reports that outline economic progress of agricultural development and trafficking of opiates, which are the product of poppy;
3. Encourages collaboration between Afghanistan and the World Bank Public-Private Partnerships and Public Investment Advisory Project to ensure an economy building process overseen by both these bodies that incorporate both state and private interests and investment in Afghanistan;
4. Emphasizes the inclusion and focus on Afghan citizens with the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the UN Community-Based Agriculture and Rural Development (CBARD) project personnel to support citizen integration into new job markets, specifically through capacity-building and support training measures such as, a. The training of unskilled Afghan workers into mining industries through work with the UNDP, and, b. Work with NGOs such as the One Acre Fund and project to train small farm holders in native Afghan crop cultivations;
5. Supports the efforts of the Halo Trust and related NGOs which have already cleared 80% of Afghanistan of landmines, and encourages expanding the operation in cooperation with the United Nations Mine Action Service (UNMAS) to clear the remaining 700 square miles in areas such as Ghazni and Badghis by: 93
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a. Focusing first on regions that are suitable for agriculture such as Badghis in order to prepare the land for economic development, and b. Comprehensively removing all landmines by 2022, which is very doable since 80% of the country was cleared over 10 years;
6. Resolves to cooperate directly with the 34 provincial councils of Afghanistan on local and regional infrastructure projects by: a. United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan’s (UNAMA) development and humanitarian assistance pillar and United Nations Office of Project Services (UNOPS) coordination of development efforts regarding public works, including transit, logistics, and utilities, in conjunction with Afghan provincial councils, and b. Aforementioned provincial infrastructure projects specialized to the economic and security needs and interests of the respective projects;
7. Endorses the Afghanistan Sustainable Energy for Rural Development (ASERD) program, coordinated by the United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP) in its efforts in developing alternative sustainable technologies in rural communities, with the hope that these initiatives will expand to urban centers for greater overall impact on decreasing Afghanistan’s diesel footprint, which currently includes: a. Mini and micro-hydro, solar, wind, and biomass grids, b. Grid extensions, c. Hybrid energy technologies, d. Tandoor clay ovens as an alternative to gas stoves, e. Efficient heaters/bukharis, f. Solar heaters, and g. And biogas digesters;
8. Approves the creation of locally-based workshops regarding mining education in an effort to: a. Educate mining industry personnel on efficient mineral extraction and export techniques through NGOs such as the: i. Natural Resource Governance Institute, ii. Alliance for Responsible Mining, b. Ensure the success of mining investments by: i. Training mining officials on investment monitoring, ii. Improving existing degree programs in Afghanistan, iii. Help Afghans link the science, business and administrative aspects behind mining investments;
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9. Authorizes the formation of a dedicated framework of liaisons for coordination between the UN’s development-oriented agencies, the UNDP, UNOPS, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and World Food Programme (WFP), and the related ministries of the Afghan government which will include the Afghan Ministries of: a. Agriculture, Irrigation, and Livestock, b. Commerce and Industry, c. Education, d. Public Health, e. And Transportation and Civil Aviation, and
10. Decides to remain actively seized in the matter.
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Crisis Resolution 2.1 – The Situation in Myanmar and Bangladesh
FHSMUN XLI United Nations Security Council Sponsors: Germany, China, Equatorial Guinea, Kuwait, Russian Federation, Belgium, United Kingdom, United States Signatories: Côte d’Ivoire, Dominican Republic, France, Indonesia, Peru, Poland, South Africa
The United Nations Security Council,
Invoking Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter,
Deeply disturbed by the unjust treatment and genocide against Rohingya peoples in conflict- ridden territories,
Alarmed by the recent escalation in conflict between actors within the Myanmar-Bangladesh region,
Expressing the need for a presence of peacekeeping forces within humanitarian aid within the Rakhine State as well as along the Bangladesh and Myanmar border,
Acknowledging the current effort of the United Nations Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) and recognizing the need for humanitarian support in Rohingyan refugee camps,
Recognizing the shortcomings of previous agreements between the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and the Ethnic Armed Organizations,
Determined to stabilize the ongoing conflicts in Myanmar,
Guided by multilateral coalition efforts to maintain peace,
Alarmed by the actions taken by the Myanmar government regarding the February 21 attacks of Yangon and Rakhine State,
Recalling the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement,
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1. Condemns the historic mistreatment of Rohingya populations living within Myanmar territory and future aggression by the Tatmadaw against ethnic Rohingya populations within the Rakhine State, with reference to, a. The intentional disenfranchisement by Myanmar of the Rohingya populations and the outright refusal to recognize their legitimacy as a native people, especially seen in the: i. Refusal to legitimize ethnic registry of the Rohingya for Myanmar citizenship, ii. Displacement of 750,000 Rohingya Muslims from Myanmar into the Bangladesh region, and b. The refusal to cooperate with the International Criminal Court and International Court of Justice in condemning war criminals and obstructing rule of law and way to justice;
2. Decides to establish the United Nations Rohingya Empowerment and Assistance Collaborative Humanitarian Mission (REACH) as of the date of adoption of this resolution and for an initial period of 01 March 2021 in order to: a. Protect the Rohingya refugees through global cooperation and collaboration in their gradual return to Myanmar by: i. Developing hopefully successful peace talks in Myanmar and ii. Providing eventual escort for refugees by the police peacekeeping forces, b. Ensure stability on the border of Myanmar and Bangladesh by: i. Focusing the military and police peacekeeping forces along designated zones where there is a high volume of refugees and along the border, as designated in clauses three and four of this resolution, ii. Working in the long-term with the success of peace talks to safely escort Rohingya refugees across the border of Bangladesh and Myanmar, c. Protect the various humanitarian safe zones outlined in clause two by: i. Focusing the majority of the police peacekeeping forces within these safe zones outlined in clause four, ii. Creating a safe road in between safe zones to facilitate the movement of: 1. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), 2. UN Humanitarian bodies, and d. Mandate the said peacekeeping missions outlined in clauses three and four;
3. Endorses safe zones utilizing the provisional deployment of 800 United Nations Police Peacekeeping forces with the objectives of: 97
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a. providing security to Rohingya refugees and policing the newly developing communities, by acting to: i. Prevent criminal activity, ii. Promote a sense of security, iii. Prepare for a protracted presence of Rohingya refugees, iv. Dissipate tensions between native Bangladeshis and incoming Rohingya refugees, b. establishing and organizing incoming refugees into Preexisting refugee camps present within Bangladesh prepared to accommodate the acceptance of new Rohingya including but not limited to: i. The area in and around Whykong, ii. The area in and around Dakshin Nihla, iii. The area in and around Chowdhury Para, iv. The area in and around Jadipara, and c. Instituting Safe Zones designated as humanitarian corridors for logistic support and intake of humanitarian aid;
4. Urges the provisional deployment of 2,500 Military United Nations Peacekeeping forces to be distributed on the border between Myanmar and Bangladesh, with the intention of: a. Preventing the advent of military conflict between Bangladesh and Myanmar by: i. Discouraging escalation by Myanmar forces with the presence of both Bangladeshi and peacekeeping forces, ii. Easing the passage of the Rohingya into Bangladesh, whose presence within Myanmar is seen as inflammatory to the Myanmar government, b. Establishing a framework by which Rohingya refugees be accepted into Bangladesh via: i. Reception checkpoints at roads crossing the border, ii. A sustained presence across the entirety of the border to facilitate the acceptance of refugees, and iii. evacuation routes from the region to nearby refugee safe zones outlined by clause three in coordination with the humanitarian corridors established by United Nations Police Peacekeeping forces;
5. Affirms support for the United Nations Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) which has already been in place in the Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh, and pledges to: a. Support all refugee camps, especially those located in Cox’s Bazar, such as: 98
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i. Kutupalong Refugee Camp, ii. Nayapara Refugee Camp, iii. Burma Para Refugee Camp, iv. Hakimpara Refugee Camp, b. Support the Joint Response Plan as established in 2019 and allocate funding to fully fund the program to fulfill all parts of the plan, including providing: i. Clean water, ii. Food, iii. Education for children and young people, iv. Sustainable fuel for cooking food in refugee camps, v. Resources to protect women from gender-based violence, vi. Counseling for all people in refugee camps, especially women and children who have been traumatized, vii. Shelter and sanitary living conditions, c. Extend the Joint Response Plan and encourage collaboration with the UNHCR to work to reunite families, especially children who were orphaned as Rohingya popuations fled Myanmar, and d. Implement the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization to assist in these efforts, especially through housing;
6. Affirms the need for immediate peace talks in Bangkok, Thailand in an effort to: a. Create open, independent dialogue regarding the Myanmar ideologies and how they have contributed to the country’s security with UN organizations such as: i. UNHRC, ii. UNDP, b. Intimately analyze the Government of Myanmar’s treatment of the Rohingya population, c. Work towards finding possible long term solutions to the current refugee crisis, d. Gradually ease tensions between the Myanmar Government and UN bodies, and e. Address the current political and social issues regarding Myanmar in Bangkok;
7. Implores the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to consider: a. Redefining Myanmar’s ASEAN membership to that of an observer state and restricting its ability to perpetuate its campaign against the Rohingya, and, b. Issuing travel ban sanctions on Myanmar Tatmadaw leaders to prevent these individuals from fleeing to neighboring ASEAN nations including: i. Laos, 99
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ii. Viet Nam, iii. Thailand, iv. Malaysia, and
8. Decides to remain actively seized in the matter.
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Resolution 3.1 – National Elections and Judicial Reform in Libya
FHSMUN XLI United Nations Security Council Sponsors: Indonesia, Kuwait, Peru, South Africa, United Kingdom Signatories: Belgium, The People’s Republic of China, Dominican Republic, France, The Federal Republic of Germany, The Russian Federation, The United States of America
The Security Council,
Emphasizing the need for the preparation of National Elections in response to the situation in Libya,
Observing the passing of previous Security Council Resolutions 2174 and 2259,
Convinced that a reformation effort for the Libyan judiciary system with reference to the Rule of Law and Justice is of utmost importance for future political stability,
Concerned about the humanitarian crisis prevalent in Libya,
Alarmed that the Libyan government’s National Identification Service issued about one million too many ideas, opening up the chance for voter fraud,
Confident that using economic incentive for Libya to hold national elections will improve the stability of the region,
Bearing in mind the need for Libyan voting resources to be more accessible to citizens,
1. Recognizes Libya’s sovereignty and emphasizes the importance of Libya’s efforts to develop stability in cooperation with the United Nations (UN);
2. Urges close cooperation between the Libyan Ministry of Justice/Judicial Police and The Human Rights/Transitional Justice/Rule of Law Division of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) to implement reformation of Libyan judiciary systems that support the Rule of Law and Justice, including developments in, a. The national-level judiciary, focusing on: i. Due process systems to end impunity, through: 1. The appropriate screening of and the informing of rights to all state detainees, 101
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2. Releasing illegally or arbitrarily detained peoples; ii. Assisting nationally-led investigations and prosecutions of crimes that fuel conflict; b. The local-level judiciary, focusing on collaboration between the UNSMIL and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) such as The International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) and Amnesty International to achieve initiatives for: i. Education for Libyan stakeholders and rurally located citizens to foster knowledge about citizen and refugee rights within the court system, ii. Capacity-building programs to promote civil society involvement in human rights organizations for long-term Libyan-led political development, and c. Implementation of policies that define appropriate and justified prosecution methods, such as outlined by the International Criminal Court in the Regulations of the Office of the Prosecutor;
3. Welcomes Libya to work alongside the UN and its Member States to establish a plan that ensures the voting rights of refugees and internally displaced persons are restored following an establishment of peace;
4. Calls Upon Libya to begin taking action to prepare for Libyan National Elections that should take place within eight months of the passing of this resolution and follow the guidelines of: a. Strictly being Libyan-sponsored elections, b. Follow a fair process of conducting elections as outlined in Operative Clause six, and c. Allowing for peaceful transitions of power where stability is kept regardless of the outcome of elections;
5. Recommends that Member States discuss and work to economically incentivize in the form of reduced sanctions on Libya for the successful completion of National elections so long as: a. At least 50% of the government is elected democratically by the people, and the following 50% may be appointed into official positions, and b. There is stability, according to the United Nations General Assembly definition, in the region for at least 3 months following the government transitional period;
6. Encourages collaboration between the Libyan High National Election Commission (HNEC) and the International Foundation for Electoral System (IFES) to develop a secure identification system to ensure the fairness of future elections by: 102
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a. Ensuring Libya is equipped to maintain current records through the Libyan Civil Registry Authority and National Identification Service (NID) which have already established identification for millions of citizens, to ensure each citizen receives one and only one identification card, and this system should be: i. Monitored by the African Union (AU), to ensure that IDs are impartially issued to all citizens and that all elections are free and fair, ii. Overseen by the Department of Political and Peacemaking Affairs (DPPA), in collaboration with the United Nations Election Support Team and the AU, b. Developing further measures at the discretion of the Libyan government to increase the security of elections, including but not limited to biometrics;
7. Suggests that the Government of Libya further expand its voting efficiency through: a. The increased use of public places for the use of polling stations, which include but are not limited to: i. Schools, ii. Government buildings, iii. Non-partisan organizations willing to use their facilities, b. The development of programs to train election employees about how they can ensure election security in their polling sites through organizations like: i. International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES), ii. United Nations Department of Political Affairs (UNDPA), c. Increasing its frequency of polling stations and resources in rural areas of Libya through the assistance of: i. The Promoting Elections for the People of Libya (PEPOL) fund, being led by the UNDP, ii. The African Union Election Observation Mission (AUEOM), and
8. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.
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Resolution 3.2 – The Situation in Libya
FHSMUN XLI United Nations Security Council Sponsors: Belgium, Dominican Republic, Russian Federation, South Africa, Russian Federation, United States, United Kingdom, Signatories: The People’s Republic of China, Cǒte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, France, Germany, Indonesia, Kuwait, Peru, Poland
The United Nations Security Council,
Aware of the copious amount of refugees in Italy and the Balkan regions,
Recognizing the dire state of Libyan refugee camps, in which hundreds of thousands of people have suffered human rights abuses, as reported by the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights (OHCHR),
Acknowledging the large amounts of refugees scattered throughout Europe especially those in Italy and the Balkan regions,
Cognizant of the 2020 Humanitarian Response Plan in Libya,
Alarmed by the lack of support by the countries within Europe in backing the refugees,
Fully bearing in mind the past Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights (OHCHR) reports regarding the humanitarian conditions in Libyan jails,
Noting that many children have been displaced and no longer have access to education,
1. Encourages specifically the countries of Spain, Italy, Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia, and Serbia to, along with the rest of the European Union (EU): a. Boost support for refugees by: i. Calling upon NGOs such as Doctors Without Borders to provide humanitarian aid and medical assistance to refugees, and; ii. Working with the Food Agriculture Organization (FAO) to distribute food and water to the refugees, b. Consider setting up temporary camps in their countries with the help of UNHCR;
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2. Supports the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) 2020 Humanitarian Response Plan in Libya as established in February 2020 and plans to both meet the goals of the program and expand the program by providing: a. Food, b. Water, c. Sanitary conditions, d. Resources and counseling: i. To protect women and girls from gender-based violence (GBV) in the refugee camps, ii. To provide support for those who have been traumatized by the humanitarian crisis, e. Resources to replenish infrastructure which has been damaged and destroyed, including but not limited to: i. Homes, ii. Schools, as further elaborated in clause 6, and iii. Hospitals, and iv. Airports, f. Protection against abuse, especially for those who are more susceptible such as children, the elderly, and women, g. Opportunities to collaborate with NGOs with the same or similar goal to increase the scope of the mission, such as: i. OHCHR, which has already been reporting on and involved in the matter, ii. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), as further described in clause 3, iii. Doctors Without Borders, which has already been active in the region providing necessary medical support to vulnerable populations, iv. Humanitarian InSight, an NGO which has been involved with past UNOCHA missions in the region, and v. Humanitarian Response, one of the multiple NGOs which has officially partnered with the UNOCHA mission;
3. Strongly Recommends the continuation of OCHA, especially running the 2020 Humanitarian Response Plan in Libya (HRPL), and recommends continued oversight and guidance by OCHA by: a. Utilizing the limited role of the UNHCR to be completely observant of the HRPL for a period of twenty-four months, which will be prolonged if deemed necessary by the Security Council by 01 March 2022, b. Recommending the focus of the HRPL to be setting up humanitarian safe zones within Libya for Internally Displaced Peoples (IDPs) in: 105
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i. Tripoli and its outer area, which has 79,000 IDPs, ii. Wadi, iii. Etba, iv. Sahba, v. Ubari, vi. Tragan, vii. Wadi Al Shatti, and viii. Al Gatroun;
4. Confirms refugees from Libya located in countries with high refugee populations: a. Are protected on their journey from Libya, through the Emergency Transit Mechanism (ETM) in which assistance with relocation for refugees will be provided, and b. Are equipped with the strategies needed to provide for the refugees as outlined by the UNHCR;
5. Ensures countries holding refugees that: a. The number of refugees that they take in is up to their country’s discretion, b. Affirms that a repatriation act will be in place soon with the success of peace talks,
6. Requests funds for children's schooling and resources in regards to education through: a. NGOs such as: i. Education Development Trust, ii. International Rescue Committee, iii. United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), b. Collaboration with the Libyan government and Ministry of Education to allocate state funding to such programs due to the emergent need for aid in this area, especially aid for: i. The development of educational infrastructure and schools, especially in regions where they have been partially or totally destroyed or used for non-academic purposes such as: 1. Benghazi, 2. Zlitan, 3. Ziwia, 4. Sirte, and ii. The reaffirmation of point 49 in S/2020/63;
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7. Endorses the mission of the OHCHR and UNSMIL to investigate human rights abuses in the prison system, including: a. Unlawful arrests, b. Torture, c. Rape, and d. Any further abuses;
8. Decides to remain actively seized in the matter.
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Resolution 3.3 – The Situation in Libya
FHSMUN XLI The Security Council Sponsors: Equatorial Guinea, France, Poland, Russian Federation, United Kingdom Signatories: The People’s Republic of China, Belgium, Germany, South Africa, Dominican Republic, The United States
The Security Council,
Recalling the commitments made in the Libya Political Agreement (2015),
Acting to expand the arms embargo and travel bans outlined in S/RES/2292,
Welcoming the recent reduction in violence between parties as well as the negotiations in Moscow,
Noting the fifty-five point plan, which was established at the Berlin Conference (2020),
Cognizant of the parameters for a ceasefire and an arms embargo as stated in S/RES/2510
1. Reaffirms the arms embargo as instituted by S/RES/2292 (2016) and subsequent documents through: a. Bolstered support for the Libya Sanctions Committee’s Panel of Experts and expansion to its mandate including: i. Investigating past allegations of violations of the arms embargo, ii. Monitoring Member States with a vested interest in Libya to ensure that all are in compliance with the arms embargo which: 1. If found that a Member State is in violation, there will be an emergency congregation of the Security Council, 2. Will attempt to ensure that foreign intervention is prevented, b. The creation of seaport checkpoints to prevent contraband from entering Libya, to be enforced by the European Maritime Safety Agency and the Maritime Strategic Task Force within each body’s respective jurisdiction, in the following locations: i. Balearic Islands, Spain, ii. Algiers, Algeria, iii. Tunis, Tunisia, iv. Valletta, Malta, 108
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v. Gibraltar, United Kingdom, vi. Tripoli, Libya, c. Expands the warrant for cargo inspections established by S/RES/2292 (2016) to include all vessels flagged by states under consideration by the Panel of Experts, with the addition of vessels known to be involved in the smuggling of refugees according to the Smuggling of Migrants Knowledge Portal database operated by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and with the exception of pre-approved humanitarian aid vessels, noting: i. This effort is to continue in conjunction with the arms embargo put in place by S/RES/2292 (2016), and once the mandate for said arms embargo expires, so too shall the provisions of this clause, ii. Cargo inspections will occur at the seaports designated in clause 1, subclause b, rather than on the high seas as was originally stipulated;
2. Decides to expand the United Nations Support Mission in Libya’s (UNSMIL) strategic objective to directly integrate district and municipal authorities, in conjunction with the Ministry of Local Government, into the development of lasting peace in the country via: a. Direct outreach to the administrations of the 22 shabiyah (districts) of Libya with regards to education, industry, and community development, with the assistance of: i. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization’s (UNESCO) Education Sector, ii. The United Nations Industry Development Organization (UNIDO), iii. The International Association for Community Development (IACD), b. Establishment of stable, secure municipal governments, with the intention of: i. Reducing the influence of armed non-state actors, namely militias or gangs, over local authorities, ii. Integrating tribal concerns within the framework of legitimate state- affiliated municipalities, iii. Allowing community-based organizations to contribute policy and structural proposals;
3. Refers to the General Assembly to launch an investigation to find the number and origin of foreign troops within Libya by establishing an investigation that: a. Emulates and operates in a similar matter as the Security Council Commission of Investigation established in pursuance of resolution 571 which: i. Evaluated damages caused by foreign invasion and the scale of the invasion,
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ii. Was paramount in setting precedent for the Security Council on the situation in Angola in 1985, and b. Will conclude with a congregation of the Security Council to determine further action regarding the removal of troops in the region;
4. Encourages the economic assistance of the pillars of the African Economic Community (AEC) to which Libya is party, including the Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN- SAD), the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU), for the purpose of: a. Facilitating free, open trade between Libya and states with common economic ties and interests, b. Diversifying Libyan production via expansion and integration of markets;
5. Notes with appreciation the recent strengthening of support for a ceasefire in Libya and plans to, with the support of the United Nations Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL): a. Monitor the status of the ceasefire: i. On a weekly basis for 12 weeks, ii. On a monthly basis for 6 months after the 12 week period, iii. In collaboration with the African Union (AU), b. Plans to negotiate peace talks between all stakeholders, as stated in Working Paper 3.4, during the ceasefire to be: i. Held at Berlin, or another location subject to the discretion of the parties involved, ii. Facilitated by the African Union (AU) through working paper 3.4;
6. Decides to remain actively seized in the matter.
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Resolution 3.4 – The Situation in Libya
FHSMUN XLI Situation in Libya Sponsors: Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, France, Germany, Russian Federation Signatories: The People’s Republic of China, Poland, Belgium, Côte d’Ivoire, South Africa, United Kingdom
The Security Council,
Conscious of the very real risk of escalation in the conflict in Libya,
Considering the efforts made by the United Nations (UN) to stabilize the Government of National Accord (GNA) and Libya as a whole,
Acknowledging the past endorsement of the conclusions drawn by the Berlin Conference on Libya adopted by Security Council resolution 2510,
Emphasizing the importance of the work already accomplished by the United Nations and the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue and the United Nations Support Mission In Libya,
1. Directs Member States to fulfill commitments made to the United Nations Support Mission in Libya and United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) in accordance with the 2020 Humanitarian Response Plan for Libya (HRP) deployed by Integrated response modalities, such as the Rapid Response Mechanism (RRM), including but not limited to: a. Financial obligations, b. food, c. shelter, d. health, e. livelihoods support, f. improved access to basic and essential services;
2. Encourages Ghassan Salamé and the United Nations Support Mission in Libya to articulate appropriate actions to be taken in Libya to gain support from a wide range of Libyans, to achieve the objectives of: a. Further involving the African Union and Arab League to achieve the goals of: i. Representing the interests of all strata of the Libyan nation in any further developments by the United Nations Support Mission in Libya, ii. Supporting the interests of Libyan people in the international community via the diplomatic and political influence the organizations wield, b. Encouraging the reemergence of the Libyan political process, and c. Encouraging the creations of sustainable development initiatives with the purpose of:
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i. Bringing about social and economic integration in Libya, ii. Reducing the likelihood of an intensification of conflict;
3. Calls upon the Government of National Accord and the Libyan National Army to enter good faith negotiations to achieve greater peace and stability, under the conditions that negotiations will be organized by the German Foreign Minister’s Office, by utilizing: i. Meetings held in Berlin capable of accommodating delegations of relevant parties, and ii. Flexible scheduling in the event of crises that demand sustained dialogue between relevant parties;
4. Emphasizes that all relevant internal stakeholders should be accommodated during the peace process at the discretion of the two aforementioned major negotiating parties, including but not limited to: a. Representatives for various ethnic groups such as: i. Tebou, ii. Berber, iii. Arab, iv. Touareg, b. Representatives for various religious groups such as: i. Sunniism, ii. Ibadism, iii. Other Abrahamic Faiths, c. Representatives for various domestic economic interests such as: i. National Oil Corporation, ii. Libyan Oil And Steel Corporation, iii. Libya Telecom and Technology Company, d. Representatives for various tribal organizations present in Libya, such as the 140 tribes and influential large families in Libya, e. Representatives from local governments, including, but not limited to: i. Libyan election officials, and ii. Male and female representatives of local municipalities;
5. Endorses the inclusion of all relevant external stakeholders (accommodated during the peace process at the discretion of the two aforementioned major negotiating parties), including but not limited to: a. Representatives from NGOs and external organizations operating within the borders of Libya or in the interests of Libya, such as: i. The International Energy Foundation, ii. Libyan Authority for Relief and Humanitarian Aid, iii. WAFA Relief and Development Libya, iv. The International Organization for Peace, Care, and Relief, v. The African Union, vi. The Arab League, vii. The European Union, 112
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b. Representatives from Foreign security forces operating within the borders of Libya such as: i. Delegations from the Republic of Turkey, ii. Delegations from the Russian Federations, iii. Delegations from the Syrian Arab Republic, iv. Delegations from the United Arab Emirates, and c. Representatives from Foreign bodies with economic interests present in Libya such as: i. China and Chinese firms operating under the Belt and Road initiative, ii. Royal Dutch Shell Company, iii. Eni Oil Company, iv. Total S.A. Oil Company;
6. Supports the position that all relevant experts should be accommodated during the peace process at the discretion of the two aforementioned major negotiating parties, including, but not limited to: a. Experts in the field of economics discussing the economic future of Libya such as: i. The role of external stakeholders, ii. The role of NGOs, and b. Experts in the field of social development in Libya such as: i. The impacts of enfranchisement of peoples present in Libya, ii. The role of education in the future of Libyan development, and,
7. Suggests the eventual goal of integration between the Government of National Accord (GNA) and the House of Representatives (HoR) into a unified Libyan government, as originally established by the 2015 Libyan Political Agreement with the support of the United Nations, in which: a. The HoR is provisioned to continue operations as the legislative branch, b. The GNA is provisioned to continue operations as the executive branch, and c. The Prime Minister of this independent government, responsible as the head of government, will be the current Prime Minister of the GNA, whom will operate as prime minister until the next election, which is: i. To be determined by the Libyan government, ii. Suggested to take place every five years, or at the discretion of the President, for election through the parliamentary legislature, iii. Subject to investigation from a UN investigation committee reporting to the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) to ensure a free and safe election;
8. Encourages external powers operating within Libya to be mindful of their conduct, and the impact actions taken have on the success of the Libyan Peace Process;
9. Requests assurances from the Libyan National Army and the Government of National Accord that civil rights transgressions do not occur during the Libyan Peace Process, especially those perpetrated against: 113
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a. Internally Displaced Peoples present in Libya, b. Ethnic, cultural, and religious minorities present in Libya, c. Women and Children, and
10. Decides to remain actively seized in the matter.
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Resolution 3.5 – The Situation in Libya
FHSMUN XLI United Nations Security Council Sponsors: China, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Kuwait, United Kingdom, United States Signatories: Belgium, Poland, Russian Federation, South Africa
The United Nations Security Council,
Recalling previous UN statements on not allowing captive oil reserves to be utilized as bargaining chips for actors in the Libyan Civil War,
Alarmed by the lack of economic development in the area of Libyan oil reserves,
Noting with deep concern the state of Libyan oil production and exports,
Notes with zest the need for Libya to own and lease its own oil reserves,
Concerned with the lack of sustainable innovation in Libya,
1. Urges Libya to implement strategies, similar to those of the State of Kuwait, that work to maximize the economic opportunities of oil reserves such as, but not limited to the approach provided under the guidance of the Kuwait Oil Company;
2. Encourages investment, at the discretion of the Libyan government, by various countries and companies into Libya’s oil infrastructure in the event of a peace agreement and/or successful arms embargo in order to: a. Improve Libyan oil production gradually to pre- January 2011 levels by March 1st, 2023, b. Increase the role of Libya in the global oil economy, c. Enhance the economy of Libya as a whole for the purpose of: i. Increasing state stability, ii. Improving the quality of life for citizens, and d. Create new jobs;
3. Recognizes the legitimate authority of the national government over the National Oil Corporation and the control of oil reserves following the success of peace talks with all parties to: a. Regain control of Libya’s oil ports, and b. Restart the exportation of Libyan oil, that is currently halted, in efforts to prevent the crashing of the Libyan economy with regards to: i. The International Economy, and ii. The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries;
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4. Supports the regulation of all Libyan oil reserves owned by the national government’s National Oil Corporation, with: a. Leases for oil reserves being given out by the national government, and these leases being used for funding state programs at the discretion of the Libyan government such as: i. Education for young children, as elaborated in draft resolution 3.2, and ii. Any other programs that the Libyan government deems in need of funding, and b. The aim of maintaining national control of the country's oil resources;
5. Encourages the eventual shift away from oil production to more sust\ainable technology such as solar power, wind power, sustainable industry, and sustainable infrastructure, at the discretion of the government of Libya, supplemented by the continued use of oil to supplement the economy, and funded through leases on oil reserves mentioned above;
6. Invites the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) to reconvene for the purpose of discussing Libya’s role in oil production by March of 2021 and 2023;
7. Decides to remain actively seized in the matter.
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United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) FHSMUN’s UNODC committee is appropriate for all delegates. The committee looks at topics concerning illicit drugs, transnational crime, and terrorism.
Topics:
• Digital Privacy and Combating Cybercrimes • Alternative Development
Country Delegate Australia Matthew Shen Austria Jin Rain Chung Bulgaria Luciano Siracusa Canada Patrick Gawienczk Colombia Karissa Pudder Croatia Ian Delrosario Cypus Ricky Reyes-Fournier Denmark Eric Florea DPRK Fenelson Elan Egypt Joslyn Eliga Finland Lejla Najarro France Dawson Murray Germany Jake Arango Guatemala Johnny Park India Eshan Ramesh Indonesia Greydon Edwards Israel Jae Phil Shin Mexico Justice Montoya Morocco Julia High Netherlands Simone Endress Nicaragua Aleyna Buyukaksakal Nigeria Esther Olatunji
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Peru Michael Milligan Portugal Jared Ramirez Republic of Ireland Abir Khan Slovenia Santiago Perez Sweden Rex Maltby Syria Emma Davey Turkey Logan Whitaker Ukraine Rom Peles United Kingdom Paloma Lopez United States Calvin Marenco Vietnam Anthony Fox
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Resolution 1.1 – Digital Privacy and Combating Cybercrime
FHSMUN 41 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Sponsors: Australia, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, India, Sweden, Ukraine Signatories: Austria, Cyprus, France, Guatemala, Ireland, Nicaragua, Peru, Portugal
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,
Recalling General Assembly Resolution 22/8, which recommends that the UNODC should, upon request, provide, in cooperation with Member States, relevant international organizations and the private sector, technical assistance and training to States to improve national legislation and build the capacity of national authorities in addressing cybercrime,
Reaffirming the Economic and Social Council Resolution 2012/19, which stresses the importance of international cooperation in combating all forms and manifestations of organized transnational crime,
Expressing appreciation in the work of the intergovernmental expert group on cybercrime established by the UN General Assembly, noting its progress in examining modes of cybercrime and its effects,
Acknowledging the disproportionate concentration of computer-related talent in very few countries,
Noting with grave concern the disproportionate growth of cybercrime-related incidents in less developed countries, especially as those countries do not have the appropriate legal systems and defense measures to deal with cybercrime,
Declaring that global cooperation is imperative to fighting these threats and that education on cyber safety can promote this agenda,
1. Affirms the need for a centralized database of applicable and easily interpretable information pertaining to individual precautions that are easily accessible through the United Nations website, compiled from recommendations made by member states;
2. Recommends that all Member States implement educational classes in primary schools to build collective knowledge among new internet users on cyber safety with the aforementioned resources, specifics of which will be up to the discretion of individual member states;
3. Further recommends that all Member States implement an effective criminal justice framework along with legislation that clearly defines all forms of cybercrime, to include but not be limited to:
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a. The creation and distribution of malicious software, b. The unauthorized interception of data, c. Phishing-related attacks, d. The disruption of communication networks, e. utilization of information obtained from these aforementioned methods;
4. Further recommends that all Member States give importance to enforcing cybersecurity laws, especially those that are compatible with UNODC’s recommended guidelines;
5. Urges Member States known to have sufficient technical ability to collaborate on transnational cybercrime incidents involving least developed countries in accordance with resolution 2012/19 through the export of resources such as: a. Human resources in the form of IT specialists, cybersecurity experts, and forensic computer analysts, b. Physical capital in the form of IT infrastructure such as communication equipment, c. Digital tools and software designed to prevent and combat cybercrime;
6. Invites Member States to cooperate with the Global Forum on Cyber Expertise to form an intergovernmental expert group composed of cybersecurity experts from developed nations funded by their respective nations focused on developing specific technical solutions to individual incidents of cybercrime.
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Resolution 1.2 – Digital Privacy and Combating Cybercrime
FHSMUN 41 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Sponsors: Canada, Croatia, Denmark, Germany, Israel, Mexico, Slovenia, United States Signatories: Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Colombia, Cyprus, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Finland, Guatemala, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Morocco, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Peru, Portugal, Sweden, Syria, Turkey, United Kingdom, Ukraine
Affirming that all individuals have the inherent right to privacy,
Alarmed by the global rise of digital authoritarianism,
Having considered that there is no international consensus on the definition of privacy, cybercrime, or personal information,
Aware that there must be a balance between privacy and government intervention,
Desiring increased international cooperation to combat cybercrime,
1. Supports the definition of “cybercrimes” to include, but not be limited to: a. The unauthorized access of any aspect of an internet system, b. The unauthorized access of an individual’s private information, as defined in Clause 2 c. The unauthorized interception of information transmitted between computer systems, d. The unauthorized interference of electronic data through deletion, deterioration, or modification, e. The acquisition, possession, or distribution of electronic programs which would primarily aid in the enactment of actions deemed criminal by the previous subclauses, f. The creation and distribution with malintent of intentionally manipulative electronic programs and viruses which aid in: i. The loss of property, ii. Unauthorized distribution of confidential/private information, g. Distributing, procuring, possession, or creation of child pornography through the use of computer systems, h. The infringement of existing copyright, trademarks, or intellectual property on a commercial scale through the use of internet systems,
2. Encourages global comprehension and agreement upon the definition of “Personal Information” which would include, but not be limited to: a. Information linked to an individual which could be used to locate or specifically identify an individual,
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b. Personal Medical Information, including but not restricted to: i. Blood type, ii. Fingerprints, iii. Past surgeries, c. Information which could reasonably reveal an individual's specific location of residence such as an address, d. The educational, criminal, or employment history of an individual, e. Information that reveals an individual's religious or political beliefs,
3. Accepts the definition of “Digital Privacy” to consist of limitations on the acquiring of data from lawful citizens, including, but not be limited to: a. The right for a lawful individual’s information not to be collected without the explicit consent of the individual who is cognizant of what data they would be releasing and its purpose for collection, b. The restriction of governments regarding unwarranted surveillance of lawful individuals
4. Affirms the definitions listed in this resolution serve as a basis for UN Member States, and clarifies that Member States may add additional provisions to their national definitions of cybercrime as further developments occur, so long as the universally recognized baseline definitions are upheld
5. Declares that increasing the transparency of governmental cyber-laws entails: a. Allowing citizens the ability to access recordings of the debates surrounding the voting procedures of proposed/passed cyber-laws, b. Requiring that all cyber-laws must be clearly defined in their intent to monitor cybercrimes and cyber-enabled criminal activities, and the extent of such surveillance, c. Requiring all cybersecurity laws to be easily accessible to any individual to allow for public scrutiny,
6. Approves of an independent UNODC Sub-Committee on Cyber-Policy Transparency (UNODC SCCT) which would: 7. Consist of 15 internationally-recognized experts on cybersecurity and global affairs, nominated by the UNODC executive director yearly and approved via a supermajority vote of all UN member states, 8. Be funded through contributions from organizations such as the Transparency and Accountability Initiative and a donation feature implemented on the SCCT website which would allow private individuals interested in the SCCT’s mission to donate, 9. Investigate the policies and terminology imposed by a cybersecurity act upon a petition from citizens of the nation if 50,000 people, or 5% of the nation’s population, are signatories, whichever being smaller, 10. Advise the UN Member State how to amend the petitioned act to agree with the proposals established in Clauses 4 and 5, if a supermajority of the subcommittee found the act to be in violation of said clauses. 122
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Resolution 1.3 – Digital Privacy and Combating Cybercrimes
FHSMUN 41 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Sponsors: Austria, Cyprus, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, France, Indonesia, Ireland, Turkey, Vietnam Signatories: Canada, Egypt, Finland, Germany, India, Mexico, Morocco, Nicaragua, Slovenia, Sweden, Syria, United States
Affirming the need for international cooperation in the investigation and prosecution of cybercriminals involved in illegal markets for human trafficking, weapons, drugs, and other illicit paraphernalia,
Concerned by a variety of cryptocurrencies' roles in the facilitation and proliferation of cybercrimes,
Deeply disturbed by certain online institutions that take insufficient action to prevent criminals from using their websites to host illegal content, and content that either is backed by or supports illegal activities including the sale of illegal drugs, the sale of weaponry, promotion of terrorism, human trafficking, and pornography deemed illicit in certain states,
1. Recommends that member states create legislation to require cryptocurrency programs that store their respective cryptocurrency and facilitate transactions of cryptocurrencies, otherwise known as cryptocurrency wallets, in order to: a. Require the identity of owner of the wallet to be present within the data of said wallet, b. Record all transactions made by the user of the wallet, and, c. Have the wallet program organization register with the government of the Member State said wallet operates within;
2. Supports state efforts to investigate and identify organizations or groups that primarily use the internet to fund or harbor criminal trades and activities, such as, but not limited to: a. Human trafficking that may be promoted or harbored online by: i. Pornographic content that uses the suffering of victims of human trafficking as content, ii. The actual sale of humans online, adult or child; b. Drug sales that are encouraged or facilitated online by: i. Advertisements for illegal drugs both implicit or explicit ii. Direct or indirect distribution of illicit drugs, c. The sale and proliferation of dangerous and illegal weaponry that could lead to serious harm to the civilian population by means of: i. Online advertisements of illicit weapon sales that sell weapons that violate regulations a state may have on civilian-owned weaponry,
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ii. Distributing illegal arms through anonymous online retailers that allow for weaponry to be purchased on their platform; d. UN recognized terrorist operations and activities within a country such as, but not limited to: i. Organizing future terror attacks on said countries, ii. The spread of radicalization and recruitment of new members of the terrorist organization by means of propaganda;
3. Recommends that after states make the choice to block an illicit website within their own state, said state should cooperate in efforts to combat cybercrimes in situations where it is found appropriate to involve other states, with efforts such as: a. Investigating potentially suspicious website activity and content for national and international security threats such as, i. Content or visiting websites sourced in other countries that support or condone illegal activity within the concerned state, ii. Inciting violence, civil unrest, and terrorism within the populous of the concerned state; b. Preventing hazardous websites and material that could pose a threat to the public from being accessible to state citizens and for the state of origin of the website or material to prevent it from reaching the state in which it is deemed hazardous; c. Requesting data from individual websites or international corporations based on internet business to aid in the investigation and prosecution of criminal activity; d. Notifying the home country of the illicit website of said website’s existence and operation;
4. Recommends that Member States cooperate in combating cybercrimes that could pose a threat to both national and international cybersecurity by: a. Updating existing extradition treaties to include cybercrimes, b. Sharing information on threats to national and international cyber security.
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Resolution 1.4 – Digital Privacy and Combating Cybercrimes
FHSMUN 41 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Sponsors: Colombia, Morocco, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Peru, Portugal, United Kingdom, United States Signatories: Austria, Croatia, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, Guatemala, India, Indonesia, Japan, Nigeria, Slovenia, Sweden, Syria, US, Vietnam
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,
Concerned by the rise in international and domestic cybercrime and the threats they pose to their victims,
Emphasizing the importance of education in the long term reduction of cybercrime,
Recognizing the benefits that the reform and reeducation of cybercriminals could offer,
Desiring to ensure adequate levels of protection for nations with vulnerable cyberinfrastructure,
Endorsing the usage of formal education and training as a means to promote economic prosperity,
Stressing the need for multilateral economic involvement in combating cybercrime and its side effects,
1. Encourages the implementation of support mechanisms within Member States to support victims of cybercrimes through methods including but not limited to: a. The creation of support centers in areas in which they are deemed necessary to offer the following services: i. Educational opportunities offered by trained media experts, ii. Assistance in relation to information technology, iii. Assistance in reporting incidents of cybercrime to law enforcement, b. The establishment of a phone line that can be called to report and learn about cybercrimes,
2. Emphasizes education efforts that provide long term solutions to cybercrime for both More Developed Countries (MDCs) and Least Developed Countries (LDCs) at their discretion through: a. Campaigns on the dangers of technology through media literacy programs that target citizens through radio, social media, and billboards, b. Initiatives that include women and minorities in the future of technology,
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c. The creation of state-sponsored technological trade schools and support through scholarships granted to those students dedicated to furthering their IT knowledge in pursuit of post-secondary qualification in that field, d. MDCs can send educated professionals into the LDCs for the purpose of providing their professors with the information needed for them to inform the public on IT;
3. Suggests that Member States strengthen their cyber-defense capabilities of the private sector through means such as, but not limited to: a. Promoting the hiring of ethical hackers to strengthen companies’ systems, b. Considering creating a path for first-offense cybercriminals with demonstrated ability after extensive screening as ethical hackers at private corporations within that nation through means such as, but not limited to: i. The offering of lowered repercussions or sentences in return for their cooperation, ii. Monetary incentives for their expertise, iii. The opportunity to have a stable job instead of subscribing to a life of crime, c. The development of a monitoring system of re-educated criminals’ activity in the institution in which they are employed;
4. Urges Member States to bolster cyber defense capabilities of countries with vulnerable cybersecurity infrastructure at their discretion by: a. Expanding existing international organizations that focus on cyber defense training between governments such as the Multinational Cyber Defence Education and Training project b. Hosting a Forum on Cyber Infrastructure Development to be held annually in rotating host countries for the following purposes: i. Training on cyberinfrastructure development, ii. Promoting international cooperation and commitment, c. Promoting the creation of IT academies for the education of citizens;
5. Recommends that organizations, such as those listed below, contribute funds to achieve the goals outlined in this resolution to be used under the discretion of the country: a. United Nations Children’s Fund, b. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, c. UN General 5th Assembly, d. Global Infrastructure Forum, e. World Bank, f. International Telecommunication Union, g. Nongovernmental organizations such as, but not limited to: i. High-Level Experts Group on Cyber Security, ii. Global CyberSecurity Agenda.
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Resolution 1.5 – Digital Privacy and Combating Cybercrime
FHSMUN 41 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Sponsors: Australia, India, Ireland, Sweden, Ukraine, France Signatories: Austria, Turkey, United States
The United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime,
Recognizing the growing sophistication of cyber-related threats and thus the resulting inability of even cybersecurity leaders to properly identify such threats and distinguish them as such,
Acknowledging the growing risks that come with technological paradigm shifts and that adaptability has become key to addressing such risks on a global level,
Recalling United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime Resolution 20/7 in its recommendation to address organized crime-syndicates as potential cybercrime-sponsors,
1. Suggests that member states consider utilizing open-source e-governance technology when providing services to citizens; a. Members should take notice of the possibility of partnering with corporations to develop this technology; b. Members should add security-focused modifications to this software, as suggested by internal and/or international security experts; c. To establish a research front with IT experts and Diplomatic Experts from each participating state to partake in research, policy analysis, and engagement within transnational cyberspace;
2. Encourages the establishment and organization of a system and department to engage in cyber-related diplomacy in order to regulate tensions between states; a. To facilitate and incentivize dialogue exchange from key players on the Cyberfront, be it a nation-state or other threat to negotiate and mediate, b. Execute necessary measures in outreach to entities such as NGOs to sovereign states that are relevant to maintaining cooperation and stability in specific issues in cyberspace;
3. Implores members of the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime to set self-imposed goals to assess and control organized cyberthreats consisting of metrics such as, but not limited to: a. The number of private organizations responsible for sensitive personal information and how many of these mentioned organizations are deemed secure by that respective nation’s cybersecurity expertise, b. The frequency of evaluations by white hat hackers penetration testing government systems.
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Resolution 2.1 – Alternative Development
FHSMUN 41 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Sponsors: Australia, Cyprus, France, India, Ireland, Vietnam Signatories: DPRK, Guatemala, Morocco, Nicaragua, Nigeria
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime,
Convinced that crop substitution is necessary to halt the increased global cultivation of narcotic plants,
Recognizing that organized crime and financial damage plays a significant role in the cultivation of illicit drugs,
1. Recommends that Member States consider allocating funds to projects that would promote alternative development such as: a. The construction of infrastructure that facilitates market access for licit crops in drug-exporting states, such as, but not limited to: i. Railroads, ii. Truck paths, iii. Bridges, b. Infrastructure that increases the value of licit crops through processing, such as, but not limited to: i. Coffee roasting equipment, ii. Rice steaming, drying, and milling machines, iii. Cocoa treatment and crushing machines;
2. Suggests that Member States adopt a three-step plan consisting of the following development goals, including: a. Construction of infrastructure as detailed in the previous clause b. Subsidization of complementary output to illicit cultivation i. Protect farmers from organized crime that would dissuade farmers from growing alternative crops, c. Encouragement of farmers to increase vertical integration in order to increase profits per hectare of land by way of processing infrastructure as detailed in the previous clause;
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3. Reiterates the importance of the need for surveillance and regulation of licit drug farming to prevent resurgence of illicit drug growth through such means as: a. Establishing strict quotas of drug production b. Establishing a national internal agency capable of monitoring these quotas and farm production.
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Resolution 2.2 – Alternative Development
FHSMUN 41 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Sponsors: Canada, Colombia, Morocco, Netherlands, Nigeria, United Kingdom Signatories: Austria, Croatia, Cyprus, Finland, France, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Mexico, Peru, Portugal, Slovenia, United States
Acknowledging that the mission toward gender equality is intrinsically connected to the mission toward alternative development solutions,
Fully aware of the multiple solutions to the rising issues of illicit drug growth,
Confident that the involvement of women in alternative development solutions will bolster the international economy,
1. Encourages Member States to promote gender equality initiatives in states affected by illicit drug production in order to: a. Support the UN guaranteed rights of women in all nations, improving the quality of life for said women, increasing their productivity in the workforce, b. Increase the household income of farmers through measures which would increase female participation in the workforce such as: i. Increased education of females as outlined in Clause 2 ii. Equal pay to women as men for equal work iii. Encourage corporations to hire women on the same basis as men through economic policies and tax incentives:
2. Calls upon UN Member States to implement and adapt the development of education in the ways including but not limited to: a. Programs to include and promote gender equality in all forms through: i. Gender equality campaigns through social media, radio, and billboards, ii. Creation and development of programs specifically reaching to women to join fields such as but not limited to agricultural chemistry, IT, government work, engineering, b. Programs implemented in primary schools to support all types of job while providing information to all children, c. Education on licit alternative crops and the negative effects of the growth of illicit crops suitable for each respective Member State in education systems for rural families; 132
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3. Suggests the establishment of an annual UNODC-hosted conference of female agricultural chemists to promote female-led research in the field, a. Which would allow for these individuals to return to their countries with alternative development solutions that may not have been previously considered, b. Which would also promote international cooperation in terms of battling the drug trade,
4. Recommends that organizations, such as those listed below, contribute funds to achieve the goals outlined in this resolution to be used under the discretion of the Member State: a. United Nations Children’s Fund, b. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, c. UN General 5th Assembly, d. Global Infrastructure Forum, e. World Bank, f. Women’s Voice and Leadership Project
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United Nations Women (UN Women) FHSMUN’s UN Women committee is appropriate for all delegates. The committee looks at topics impacting women worldwide.
Topics:
• State of the World’s Women 2020
Country Delegate Australia Trevor Beudik Belgium Sophia Schiereck Bulgaria Isabella Ramaciere Croatia Gavin Andrews Czech Republic Lily Slavinski Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Ludovic Francois Democratic Republic of Congo Lindley Minton Egypt Abby Hill Equatorial Guinea Catalina Banciella Estonia Travis Lowthen Germany Taylor Galloway Guatemala David Byeor Indonesia Ian Moore Iran Adriana Chavez Iraq Tyler Raysor Ireland Ashlyn Clemens Israel Robert Loveall Jordan Maya Lis Luxembourg Montserrat Vasquez Mexico Michaela Galligan Netherlands Isabella Molloy Nigeria Riley Auman
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Russia Jah’Nah’Bartie Slovenia Joseph Park South Africa Jarret LaCazo Spain Haileigh Haymans Turkey Ilise Hyams United Kingdom Lennon Jarvis United States Alexa Nunez Vietnam Samantha Minton
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Resolution 1.1 – State of the World’s Women 2020
FHSMUN 41 United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women Sponsors: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Jordan Signatories: Australia, Equatorial Guinea, Israel, Mexico, Netherlands, Russian Federation, Slovenia, United States of America
The United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women,
Alarmed by the continuing violence against women worldwide,
Noting with satisfaction Article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, providing the right to security of the person,
Reaffirming the maintained stance of the United Nations that all people are created equally regardless of gender,
Deeply disturbed by the continual view that domestic violence is a social norm and the damaging idea that violence is acceptable conduct for men toward women,
Recognizing the need for children to be able to recognize a violent, abusive, or unhealthy relationship within their family,
Stressing that women must be educated and knowledgeable on their rights;
1. Calls upon the establishment of safe houses: a. To provide women and their children escaping abusive relationships a safe place to stay, b. To implement support services, including emotional support and provision of basic resources and a safe place, for women and their children moving out of an abusive or violent relationship, c. To establish programs to re-educate gender-based violence or sexual offenders on proper conduct, d. To employ social workers to advocate and inform female victims of their rights and local justice procedures, to provide emotional support, e. By private non-governmental organizations such as or similar to Casa Marioarei, a shelter for survivors of domestic violence in Moldova, in nations worldwide;
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2. Encourages UNDP and UNICEF to establish educational programs for women including: a. Their right to live without violence, recognizing violence, and the necessity to report violence, b. Basic defensive techniques, including through providing self-defense classes to young girls, c. Informational sessions about fundamental rights to school-age children held by non-profit, non-governmental, or supranational actors in schools, community centers, and child care centers, d. Consent in partnerships, marriage, and sexual conduct to facilitate healthier relationships;
3. Welcomes the inclusion of international advocates and educators globally to inform women of their rights and women’s empowerment by: a. Participating in community-based outreach or travel village-to-village in rural areas, b. Appearing in public schools, marketplaces, and other areas accessible to women.
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Resolution 1.2 – State of the World’s Women 2020
FHSMUN 41 United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women Sponsors: Australia, Belgium, , Czech Republic, DPRK, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Germany, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Jordan, Luxembourg, Mexico, Nigeria, Spain, United Kingdom, United States Signatories: Bulgaria, Colombia, Congo, Egypt, Guatemala, Israel, Netherlands, Russia, Indonesia, Slovenia, Turkey, Vietnam
United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women,
Believing all people have inherent rights, especially in the workplace,
To be mindful of women’s representation in politics, including those from less developed areas, with the usage of non-governmental organizations,
Acknowledging the need for improvement of infrastructure in rural areas to increase women’s role in society,
Emphasizing the requirement for services ensuring the protection of victims of sexual harassment,
Recalling the Sustainable Development Goals, Goal 5 of gender equality, entailing the elimination of discrimination and violence to women and the promotion of equal women’s rights and participation in leadership;
1. Supporting the rights of women by implementing equality within the workplace through the implementation of safe working hours, implementing paid maternity leave for women in the workforce, protection for women who report misconduct as well as establishing equal pay amongst men and women, by: a. Utilizing the United Nation’s Maternity leave rule 106.3 in which women can provide their workplace with an estimated date of birth, so leave can begin about 6 weeks before the estimated date of birth, and to make certain that women have a “leave” no less than ten weeks, b. The UN resolution C001 states that all people should not exceed an eight hour work day or a 48 hour week,
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c. Striving for safety of women in the workplace that report misconduct, through the UN established “whistleblower protection policy” and access to Ombudsman through Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) we can achieve this, d. Encourage governments to provide equal wages for the same quality of work between men and women, with respect to the efficiency, and the duration of the work being done;
2. Encourage equal opportunities for men and women in workplaces in order to then subclauses should be how you will do that...such as in government and politics a. By teaching women of their opportunities by utilizing programs, such as “Pathways to Politics,” which is designed to support professional and accomplished women from diverse backgrounds who are interested in exploring careers in public policy and politics, b. Urge qualified women to participate in governmental activities with the use of Non-Government Organizations such as the Political Institute for Women and the International Women's Democracy Center (IWDC), both of which work to further women’s involvement in politics, c. Advocate for the improvement of infrastructure in rural areas through the use of: d. More developed countries provide funding to improve roads in rural areas, which will promote the connectedness of the country, improve the participation of women in education and the workforce, and subsequently lessen the gender pay gap, e. In reference to UN Sustainability Goal 9, the benchmarks for UN funds distributed to countries in need of improving infrastructure should be raised, and in turn aid in the protection of women as there will be safe, public pathways to connect rural areas;
3. Urge to provide services for victims of abuse within the workplace by uplifting women, and providing economic assistance to women through NGOs: a. School Girls Unite to provide opportunities through education and leadership, b. Uplift women who have fallen victim to abuse by teaching them their rights and educating men on the consequences of abuse, c. Have National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs (NCAVP) and National Organization for Victim Assistance (NOVA) to aid underdeveloped countries affected by these issues;
4. Considers efforts to provide adequate business resources in ways that contribute to women that need it including:
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5. Going into areas in which historical marginalization has contributed to the stunted development of the female demographic such as but not limited to: i. The indigenous populations of the Americas, ii. Indigenous communities of Australia and other pacific states, b. Utilizing investment implemented in the forms of mentorship via NGOs such as but not limited to: i. Mentor international ii. The mentoring initiative iii. One Acre International c. Philanthropic support in order to promote female entrepreneurship via volunteer sponsors seen to have pure intentions concerning the preservation of culture as opposed to those wishing to exploit indigenous people for financial gain; i. Philanthropists needing to contribute their assets with the primary intention of improving the socio economic environments of at risk communities and not those functioning soley for selfish gain (Monetarily and or Politically);
6. Stresses to represent and to help women in heavily rural areas in lesser developed countries to start with, and eventually, help those who are in lesser risk: 7. Starting with the much higher risk areas will rid them of the more serious crimes, then we can work on the more specific issues in the more developed countries, 8. More developed countries will provide support financially i. Affirming countries have benefitted from the support of more developed countries, and if we extend this support to other lesser developed countries also dealing with corruption, equal punishment under the law would be extended to all, regardless of sex, ii. Noting further money stipends would be given by the participating will be a more developed country, as long as countries are monitored by a Quasi- autonomous Non-governmental Organization (QUANGO), ensuring corruption is decreasing, and the stipends go to the proper places; 9. More developed countries will advise/assign services such as representation programs, including but not limited to the help of QUANGOs i. Stressing the implementation of investigative organizations such as the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala (CICIG), and other organizations that investigate and prosecute serious crimes in the lesser developed countries along with corruption within the government, in order to eliminate the corruption aspects of lesser developed countries, and ensure the money is flowing well, ii. After being monitored by such organizations, money would be dispensed at the discretion of the more developed country; 10. 6. Promotes the gradual development of cultural and religious world views that encourage female autonomy through:
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11. The creation of timelines of their efforts at the pace which they feel does not violate their social, political, and religious views and will not stimulate ramifications that endanger the wellbeing of their people, 12. Providing the necessary legal work to achieve each individual country’s efforts by utilizing the U.N. charter and the Declaration of Human Rights while carefully observing the political climate in each country, as well as providing each individual country the time needed for them to move forward, 13. The funding and oversight of these goals through NGOs such as but not limited to: i. The World Bank, ii. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and iii. The International Development Association (IDA).
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World Health Organization – (WHO) FHSMUN’s World Health Organization (WHO) is appropriate for all delegates. The committee looks at global health and medicine issues.
Topics:
• Disease Control in Humanitarian Emergencies • Health Laws and Universal Health Coverage
Country Delegate Argentina Krysta Escobar Brazil Nate Darch Bulgaria Riley Deputy Colombia Chloe Brown Congo Emma Sharpes Croatia Jayden Dingmon Denmark Eduardo Caro Rivera DPRK Thomas Cook Estonia Mark Biondolino Finland Atishay Narayanan Germany Mary Reimann India Joseph Cannaday Indonesia Ethan Myrick Iraq Jason Jiang Ireland Sreenidhi Nidamanur Israel Ri Kim Italy Grace Tabor Japan Amy Enberg Jordan Larson Nordmann Kenya Skyler Carlson Malta Bryan Feliz Morocco Luisa Luo
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Nigeria Neha Kosaraju New Zealand Yara Zeidan Peru Questt Taylor Poland Jonathan Zellekraut Portugal Justin Stewart Russia Shemmy Kwak Spain Alica Longo Turkey Max Whitaker United Kingdom Sarannah Brown
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Resolution 1.1 – Disease Control and Humanitarian Emergencies
FHSMUN 41 World Health Organization Sponsors: Argentina, Brazil, Indonesia, India, Israel, Italian Republic, Jordan, Malta, Poland, and DRC Signatories: Russian Federation, Estonia, Spain, DPRK, Japan, Germany, UK, Bulgaria, Croatia, New Zealand, Morocco, and Portugal
The World Health Organization,
Acknowledging the importance of distributing information to better educate the public,
Emphasizing the importance of technology and other resources at borders and ports of entry,
Fully aware of the value of utilizing quarantine procedures,
Keeping in mind that panic can lead to a greater spread of disease,
Stressing the significance of international cooperation,
Recognizing the efforts of Resolution 1.4 in the expansion of data structures in lesser developed areas, 1. Emphasizes the importance of encouraging institutional transparency within the public and global communities to: a) Provide the populace with better education on communicable diseases and precautions to avoid infections through mediums such as radio communication b) Inform the population of a member state at the disclosure of its government on any ongoing outbreaks or emergencies and what they can do to prepare, c) Encourage member states to practice emergency simulations as a means to prepare in advance for disease outbreaks;
2. Calls upon more developed countries and private investors to provide aid to lesser developed countries (LDCs) to prevent international transmission of communicable diseases through preparation such as stockpiling medical equipment;
3. Urges increased screening of civilians and exports when crossing borders to avoid further disease spread, in turn, preventing a possible epidemic in the nation whilst respecting the rights and liberties of individuals;
4. Supports research of medical innovations to better prepare for modern epidemics in at-risk countries.
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Resolution 1.2 – Disease Control and Humanitarian Emergencies
FHSMUN 41 World Health Organization Sponsors: Croatia, Estonia, Ireland, Kenya, Morocco, New Zealand, Nigeria, Russia, Signatories: Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Denmark, Germany, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Turkey, United Kingdom
The World Health Organization,
Recalling the deficiency of the international community during the 2014 Ebola outbreak,
Noting with satisfaction the effort of certain member states to provide humanitarian aid during times of crisis,
Stressing the need to prioritize conflict and disaster-affected countries as they represent one of the weakest links in global health security,
Alarmed by the fact that humanitarian aid is struggling to meet the needs of global emergencies,
Determined to formulate a sustainable system to prevent further outbreaks,
Calls upon member states to actively take measures in preventing outbreaks during humanitarian emergencies,
1. Encourages Member States to implement various detections and testing machinery within major borders in locations including but not limited to Airports, train stations, and seaports,
2. Calls upon nations to both establish and strengthen health campaigns nationally and internationally, in order to educate and raise awareness of the citizens through: a) Sending Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO’s) to developing countries to assist with the educational campaigns through: i. Distributing global statistics to the local community including which groups are most at risk, ii. Educating parents to practice childhood health-care approaches during an outbreak; b) Inviting medical professionals from nearby hospitals, primary schools, and secondary schools to deliver lectures relating to public health, c) Deploying medical professionals to instruct citizens on how to use medical supplies properly and safely;
3. Emphasizes the cooperation between the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nation High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) by strengthening the already existing data collection policies, such as nutritional status and food basket monitoring along with history 145
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of diagnosed diseases and major injuries, previous use of medicines, and coverage by public health programs (e.g. vaccination coverage rates);
4. Considers the psychological state of the citizens who had or are currently experiencing an outbreak, and reduces the level of fear and panic among the local community by: a) Providing specific counseling and other psychosocial support to victims who experienced the loss of family members or closed friends from the life-threatening disease with the: i. Prevention of mental-illnesses such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety, ii. Collaborates with the NGO World Federation for Mental Health (WFMH) to operate hotlines with the patients; b) Preparing government-funded, long-term therapies for patients with severe mental disorders after the outbreak of the disease;
5. Recognizes the large population of people who need a great amount of medical attention and special care during the outbreak of diseases which: a) Prioritizes citizens with special needs when they are suspected of having diseases and are in need of treatments: i. Complete the registration system in the hospital by putting a special note on the high-risk patient’s profile, ii. Ensures the extra supplies such as wheelchairs and sterilized syringes in the hospital;
6. Recommends the utilization of clinical programs to aid nations during the post-crisis time period, by carrying out actions that: a) Serve as a mode of surveillance and collect data to prevent outbreaks of existing diseases, b) Welcome the aid of NGOs such as Doctors Without Borders due to their independence and non-governmental ties;
7. Reiterates previous efforts made by WHO by adding a specific protocol that is recommended to be followed in times of disease outbreaks during the humanitarian crisis, which: a) Conducts rapid risk assessment tests to identify hazards and set policies in place to lessen the consequences of said outbreaks, in addition to the current containment strategy executed by WHO, b) Works with the UNHCR and the wider humanitarian community in order to ensure shelters are available for all displaced individuals: i. Ensuring that the emergency shelters meet the United Nations set standards found in the 4th edition of the UNHCR Emergency Handbook, ii. Includes checking the new arrival’s vaccination and health background during the registration process; c) Utilizes different United Nations entities (such as the World Food Programme) to ensure constant delivery of non-contaminated food products and safe drinking water, 146
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d) Provides access to primary care services and mass immunization as soon as they become available;
8. Suggests the incorporation of a new sector in the General Data Dissemination System (GDDS) that contains reports and statistics specifically focusing on the trends of diseases and outbreaks in the humanitarian crisis and post-humanitarian crisis time periods;
9. Invites Member States to implement the UNHCR’s 4R plan which focuses on Repatriation, Reintegration, Rehabilitation, and Reconstruction, if necessary.
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Resolution 1.3 - Disease Control and Humanitarian Emergencies
FHSMUN 41 World Health Organization Sponsors: Bulgaria, Denmark, Germany, India, Iraq, Japan, Portugal, United Kingdom Signatories: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Congo, Croatia, DPRK, Finland, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Kenya, Nigeria, Peru, Poland, Spain, Turkey
The World Health Organization,
Stressing the need for every country to implement preventative actions to protect the civilian population,
Noting with great concern the lack of communication between rural areas and their governments,
Expressing the importance of a proper response and surveillance network,
Keeping in mind the Ottowa Charter’s previous identification that peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable ecosystem, and equity are necessary for public health,
Knowing that issues brought on by climate change have the potential to reduce the harvest of food, lessening access to nutrition and clean water and therefore damaging public health,
Mindful that clinics can potentially help provide vaccines to the world population,
Noting the United Nations foreign aid target of 0.7% of GDP,
Emphasizing the importance of government-run clinics able to administer vaccines and care in high-risk areas,
Fully believing in the efficacy of quarantines,
Acknowledging the necessity of the utilization of quarantine during disease outbreaks,
Having thoroughly examined the financial standing of More-Developed Countries (MDCs) in regards to their ability to provide additional assistance to Less-Developed Countries (LDCs) in Global Health emergencies,
Reaffirming the need for enhanced and frequent communication between the healthcare systems in all nations, and their World Health Organization representatives, especially in at-risk areas, in order to expedite access to the WHOs financial and educational resources,
1. Strongly recommends the administration of vaccines, following World Health Organization immunization recommendations by utilizing: 148
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a) The WHO Humanitarian Mechanism to provide low-cost vaccines, b) Organizations to distribute vaccines to nations with a low supply, including but not limited to NGOs such as Gavi and World Medical Relief;
2. Urges nations to preemptively establish a plan to provide food and clean water to citizens during humanitarian emergency, including: a) Creating a non-perishable food and water supply, b) Working with NGOs to provide food and clean water, including Care Water + Project, Blood: Water, and World Food program;
3. Encourages donor states to: a) Send specialized medical professionals with the assistance of NGOs, such as Doctors Without Borders, to affected areas during disease outbreak, b) Provide health care necessities such as contraceptives in the midst of humanitarian emergencies such as HIV and AIDS;
4. Calls upon MDCs to: a) Support the development of sanitation systems in LDCs and highly urbanized areas by allocating funds and providing experienced laborers in order to provide a consistent supply of clean water, b) Send peace-keeping bodies to defend LDCs when infrastructure is being developed if requested by the sovereign nation;
5. Advocates for the use of quarantines when cases of infectious diseases are identified as long as individuals in quarantine are adequately supplied with necessities for the preservation of both their physical and mental well-being, including: a) Basic living essentials, b) Tools such as mobile devices and stationery for communication with the outside world;
6. Strongly recommends that nations considering quarantine discuss proper methods with WHO, other member states, and the international medical community;
7. Encourages the utilization of surveillance systems in facilities such as but not limited to: a) EWARNS which send emergency signals to all citizens, b) Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN), c) GDD (Global Disease Detection) that: i. Investigates rumors, stories, and reports, ii. Receives reports from health care providers to public health official;
8. Supports the funding of NGOs and private donors, as specified in Clause 8, to: a) Build public access clinics in order to promote independence in less-developed countries and sustainable access to healthcare; b) Provide access to vaccines,
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c) Train professionals to be able to provide care and administer vaccines in areas of high risk through organizations such as: i. Association for Prevention Teaching and Research (APTR), which works to prevent the spread of disease through the education of physicians and other trained medical professionals, ii. The Association of Immunization Managers (AIM), which is dedicated prevent iii. and control diseases preventable through vaccines;
9. Endorses the institution of clinics around the world modeling Portugal’s existing travel clinics with the intention of: a) Holding existing vaccines for common infectious diseases such as but not limited to: i. Influenza, Hepatitis A; b) Providing free and universal health check-ups that can be easily accessible, c) Updating its stock with relevant disease vaccines that pose a global threat.
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Resolution 1.4 - Disease Control and Humanitarian Emergencies
FHSMUN 41 World Health Organization Sponsors: The Kingdom of Denmark, Columbia, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Finland, India, Iraq, Peru, Spain Signatories: Bulgaria, Brazil, DRC, Germany, Japan, Jordan, Malta, Portuguese Republic, United Kingdom
The World Health Organization,
Concerned by an inherent lack of organization and sanitation within refugee camps,
Deeply disturbed on the lack of action done for displaced peoples,
Alarmed by the inefficiency of supply transfer refugee camps,
Desiring the financial cooperation between NGOs, governments, and WHO,
Fully believing in the effectiveness of the EWARS system,
Acknowledging the effort of Resolution 1.3 to spread awareness of geographical nuances of disease outbreaks to assist in preventing future epidemics,
1. Supports the collection of infectious disease related data in refugee camps and member states; a) Collecting a infectious disease census of an area while including an expected exponential rate of growth to account for necessary needs, b) To create a swifter and more concise approach to quarantining affected areas during outbreaks, c) To execute a quick approach for all health and humanitarian emergencies with said data;
2. Requesting countries contribute to and cooperate with already existing programs to assist refugees such as the International Refugee Assistance project and requesting that the United Nations Refugee Agency provide: a) Basic needs such as tents, mattresses, and adequate shelter, b) The direct divergence of resources such as: nutritional supplements, blankets, filtering products to produce clean water, and materials for medical procedures, c) Funding for UNHCR and the WHO Contingency Fund for emergency for the reconstruction of infrastructure for countries affected by global or manmade disasters including water systems, electricity, and evaluating structural integrity, as well as the supplying or refugee resettlement centers and the support of NGOs working toward the education of afflicted populations;
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3. Welcomes NGOs to educate citizens on health, the importance of vaccines, contraceptives, the destimitizing of quarantine, general sanitation, and other preventative measures; a) Utilizing the NGO Pencils of Promise to educate citizens in humanitarian emergencies and, i. Recognizing Pencils of Promise sends their own worker but chooses a local leader, and builds schools in areas that need it the most, ii. Referring to the countries receiving aid too consider allocating internal forces to protect the schools and education aid workers; b) Utilizing the NGO Physicians for Social Responsibility Finland to provide international medical aid, c) Utilizing the NGO Global Handwashing Partnership to educate citizens in humanitarian emergencies on the importance of handwashing and other hygiene to prevent the spread of disease, d) Utilizing the NGO Health Action International to provide safe, affordable, and quality medications for people in areas undergoing crisis, e) Encouraging collaboration between the NGOs Pencils of Promise and the Global Handwashing, f) Welcomes all other international NGOs with a focus on healthcare to allocate their resource towards areas undergoing humanitarian crisis;
4. Suggests the building of WHO sanctioned hospitals in areas undergoing crises: a) Follow the example of The People’s Republic of China in the speed and efficiency of building such infrastructure, b) Ensures that the Surveillance System for Attacks on Health Care (SSA) is used to monitor attacks on these hospitals in tandem with internal forces, referring to the countries receiving aid to consider allocating internal forces to protect hospitals as they are often subject of terrorist attacks.
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Resolution 1.5 – Disease Control and Humanitarian Emergencies
FHSMUN 41 World Health Organization Sponsors: Bulgaria, Denmark, Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom Signatories: Argentina, Croatia, DPRK, Finland, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Malta, New Zealand, Portugal, Russian Federation, Spain, and Turkey
The World Health Organization,
Fully Believing non earmarked funding to be most effective for handling the unpredictability of human crisis,
Keeping in mind current programs in place for handling disease control and prevention and humanitarian crisis,
Mindful of protecting countries investment by evaluating risk and preventing misuse and programmatic error,
Realizing the importance of communication between afflicted countries and the World Health Organization for their funding needs,
Noting with regret the lack of transparency of a countries direness and the resulting ineffectiveness of resources,
1. Commends the donation of fully flexible, non earmarked funding for its: a. Versatile and rapid deployment after a disaster, pivotal in the immediate response time needed for disease control, b. Assurance that multiple sectors of humanitarian disease control and prevention are funded, noting the tendency that various sectors are severely underfunded at the expense of other, c. Ability to improve and develop programmes that are equipped for crisis management;
2. Promotes transparency and communication between local and national governments and the World Health Organization to ensure effective funding, taking into account special cultural and practical needs of the emergency;
3. Encourages collaboration with pre-existing funds and agencies to meet the monetary funds necessary during humanitarian crisis or widespread outbreaks, these include, but are not limited to: a. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), b. WHO Contingency Fund for Emergencies, c. Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF);
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4. Endorses the prioritized allocation of public funds for projects that seek to take lasting action in order to reduce the need for continued intervention, discouraging repeated short-term investments, including: a. Investment in what will eventually become financially self-sustainable infrastructure, such as: i. Water and Sanitation, ii. Hospitals and Clinics; b. Education of: i. Citizens in regards to self-preservation against diseases, ii. Healthcare administration professionals.
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Resolution 2.1 – Health Laws and Universal Health Coverage
FHSMUN 41 World Health Organization Sponsors: Peru, Spain, Iraq, Finland, Morocco, Malta, Italy, India, Germany, Croatia, New Zealand, Jordan, Japan, United Kingdom, Colombia, DPRK, Estonia, Kenya, Nigeria, Portugal, Russian Federation, Brazil, Bulgaria Signatories: Poland, Turkey, Bulgaria, Ireland, Israel, Estonia, Brazil, DRC, Russian Federation
The World Health Organization,
Expressing its appreciation of all international efforts which have contributed to the advancement of Universal Health Coverage,
Recognizing Paragraph 3 of the World Health Organization (WHO) constitution which asserts the right of the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health as one of the fundamental human rights,
Deeply concerned that this fundamental human right of the highest attainable standard of health remains a long-term and sustainable goal,
Guided by the unified agreement between all Member States to achieve the Sustainable DevelopmentGoals by 2030,
Having considered distributing health care facilities and hospitals at different levels: local, provincial, regional and national,
Acknowledging the large division between the wealthy and the poor,
Endorsing modifications and the advancement of pre-existing healthcare systems to modernize and digitalize healthcare,
Acknowledging the basic need for secondary education to keep medical students in the country,
Emphasizing the necessity for greater accessibility in rural areas due to the great discrepancy between urban and rural areas,
Concerned with the unreasonably high cost of drugs in numerous member states due to pharmaceutical monopolies,
Stressing the rights of refugees and migrants to receive healthcare,
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1. Implores More-Developed Countries (MDCs) to improve current universal healthcare provision through modernization and digitalization to: a. Compile medical records, b. Update consistent data reports and collections, c. Provide online access to services including, i. E-prescriptions, ii. Online video consultations with physicians;
2. Urges the construction of more post-secondary educational institutions and establish training programs in hospitals for the purpose of training medical professionals in low income nations, with the support of NGOs and IGOs such as: a. Global Viral, b. International Medical Corps, c. UN Population Fund, d. UN Development Assistance Framework;
3. Recommends member nations provide educational incentives to reduce the rural disparity, including: a. Scholarships to individuals living in underserviced areas in order to obtain medical training on the condition that: i. The individual works in public-sector health care, ii. The individual serves in a government-designated area for a period of at least ten years; b. Quotas that designate the number of students that must come from rural or disadvantaged areas;
4. Strongly suggests the adoption of the Community Healthcare Initiative (CHI), which will decrease the geographical medical disparity by: a. Supporting the education of citizens in geographically disperse and rural areas, b. Encouraging the creation of Community Healthcare Centers (CHCs), which will: i. Be funded through organizations including, but not limited to, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, WYG, and the World Bank, ii. Provide basic medical training to volunteers, retired workers, and community leaders through WHO training programs, especially in areas with a lack of medical professionals;
5. Advocates nations with pre-existing universal health care systems to consider an individual's socioeconomic status when collecting extraneous funds for health-related status by: a. Exempting citizens under the poverty level, b. Establishing fees for prescription copays and non-covered doctor visits directly proportional to income, c. The use of a National Health Insurance by member states to implement this funding;
6. Encourages nations to address health inequities and inequalities by: a. Placing an emphasis on subnational health systems to better focus on the delivery of services to the poorest communities within each nation, 156
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b. Promoting more debate on the type and scope of research needed to advance in the achievement of UHC with equity;
7. Supports the use of healthcare services through the continental connection to migrant populations before they obtain formal citizenship by: a. Providing refugees with a standardized path to citizenship, b. Incorporating refugees into member states’ healthcare programs and registries with the intent of adding them to their workforces, c. Granting short-term healthcare through the distribution of: i. Basic health kits, ii. Government distributed medical care vouchers, iii. Support from NGOs such as the International Refugee Assistance Project and from the United Nations Refugee Agency, iv. Medical education and counseling services;
8. Encourages member states to alter pharmaceutical drug regulations by: a. Loosening patent/copyright laws by: i. Changing requirements for the granting of patents or copyrights, ii. Restricting patents and copyrights for life-saving drugs and medical equipment, iii. Abandoning patients on health care products altogether; b. Propagating the production of generic pharmaceutical drugs thus reducing the cost of health care;
9. Strongly suggests increasing the number of hospitals’ infrastructures in order to provide employment and institutions for training programs to teach doctors to: a. Ensure the rising numbers of doctors, attempting to reach the goal of at least one doctor per every 1000 people, b. Provide greater accessibility to less developed areas such as the Middle East and Africa, c. Employ the unemployed in order to increase the Gross-Domestic Product (GDP);
10. Invites the World Bank to subsidize doctors in developing countries with the purpose of: a. Encouraging doctors to stay in their countries, b. Allowing them to provide better quality care to their patients;
11. Considers the need for accessibility of medical institutions from rural areas with no medical infrastructure within a five kilometer radius: a. Providing incentives to keep medical staff in countries that need it most, b. Enabling citizens with lower incomes to receive treatment without having to travel long distances, therefore decreasing the chances of patients needing extensive medical care;
12. Encourages the spread of basic medical practice; a. Looks forward to incorporate peoples from different areas of work to have basic knowledge of medical practices, 157
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b. Through the use of educational campaigns, school systems could provide basic healthknowledge.
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Resolution 2.2 – Health Laws and Universal Health Coverage
FHSMUN 41 World Health Organization Sponsors: Denmark, Japan, Brazil, Bulgaria, Germany Signatories: Israel, Iraq, Italy, Poland, Malta, Estonia,, Spain, Finland
The World Health Organization,
Reaffirming the World Health Organization’s mission of health care for all,
Realizing each countries individual plans and visions for universal healthcare,
Noting with grave concern the over 1 billion people that could be saved with accessibility of quality health care but are not,
Fully believing that receiving professional medical treatment is a fundamental human right, regardless of race, age, gender or social status,
Determined to collaborate with less developed nations in the planning and development of their own healthcare systems,
1. Supports the planning and organization of a nation's healthcare system to consider; a. Operating in am accountable and transparent manner and has well functioning risk- management and evaluation frameworks, that could include: i. the World Health Organization’s (WHO) office of Compliance and Risk Management and Ethics,
2. Or a WHO reviewed office for risk-management in healthcare systems has a framework that takes into account the possible external and internal problems that could affect a nation's healthcare, and a contingency plan to ensure maximum efficiency and care in them; a. A comprehensive national health sector strategy with goals and and targets updated within the last 5 years by 2025, b. Reporting cause of death information using the International Classification of Disease by 2025;
3. Recommends a health care budget to consider income from either monopolized or state taxed revenue and expenditure in construction and supplying of health care facilities before approving a programme budget;
4. Urges health laws that would be deemed very effective in countries such as; a. Patient privacy protection, b. Required Immunizations.
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