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Securing Livelihoods Through Yams Securing Livelihoods Through Yams Securing Livelihoods through Yams Securing Livelihoods through Yams Proceedings of a technical workshop on progress in yam research for development in West and Central Africa held in Accra, Ghana, 11–13 September 2007 B. Nkamleu, D. Annang, and N.M. Bacco, Editors B. Nkamleu, D. Annang, and N.M. Bacco, Editors Securing Livelihoods through Yams Proceedings of a technical workshop on progress in yam research for development in West and Central Africa held in Accra, Ghana, 11–13 September 2007 B. Nkamleu, D. Annang, and N.M. Bacco, Editors i © International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), 2009 Ibadan, Nigeria To Headquarters from outside Nigeria: IITA, Carolyn House 26 Dingwall Road, Croydon CR9 3EE, UK Within Nigeria: PMB 5320, Oyo Road Ibadan, Oyo State ISBN 978-131-345-5 Printed in Nigeria by IITA Correct citation: Securing livelihoods through yams. 2009. Proceedings of a technical workshop on progress in ram research for development in West and Central Africa held in Accra, Ghana, 11–13 September 2007, edited by B. Nkamleu, D. Annang, and N.M. Bacco. IFAD TAG 704, IITA, Nigeria. 329 pp. Cover photo: Photo by IITA. ii Contents Preface vi Opening address vii The West African Council for Agricultural Research and Development (CORAF/WECARD) Address Dr Ernest Asiedu x Nigeria: Root and Tuber Expansion Programme (RTEP), IFAD/WECARD/IITA Subregional Project on Yams (TAG 704) Nigerian Root and Tuber Expansion Program xi Yam Research and Development Efforts by PNDRT in Cameroon T. Ngue-Bissa and A. Mbairanodji xiv 1. Productivity Enhancement Evaluation of Legume Cover crops for Imperata Weed Suppression, Soil Fertility Improvement, and Yam Production in Southeastern Nigeria J.G. Ikeorgu, D.A. Okpara, and M.C. Ogbonna 3 Yam Production in Nigeria: A Policy Analysis Matrix S.O. Akande and O.O. Ogundele 10 Production Rapide de Semences Saines de Variétés Améliorées D’igname par la Technique des Mini-fragments dans Quatre Régions au Centre de la Côte D’Ivoire J-B Ettien, L. Diby et A. Tschannen 26 Facteurs Determinant L’adoption de Nouvelles Varietes D’ignames (Dioscorea Sp.) dans la Region Centre de la Côte D’ivoire A.M. Kouakou S. Doumbia, J.B. Ettien , G.P. Zohouri V. and Gnaoré –Yapi 33 GGE Biplot Analysis of Tuber Yield of Dioscorea Rotundata in Ghana Emmanuel Otoo 43 2. Yam Marketing An Analysis of the Demand and Supply of Seed Yams in Major Yam Producing Areas of Nigeria Asumugha, G.N. , M.E. Njoku, B.C. Okoye, O.C. Aniedu, O.A. Akinpelu, M.C. Ogbonna, H.N. Anyaegbunam, O. Ibeagi, A. Amaefula and K.I. Nwosu 55 An Analysis of The Marketing Channels and Efficiency of the Marketing System for Yams in Nigeria G.N. Asumugha, D. Lemka, M. Ogbonna, B.C. Okoye, E. Dung, M.E. Njoku, K.I. Nwosu 71 Analyse diagnostique des circuits de commercialisation de l’igname au cameroun : atouts et contraintes S.B. Ngassam, D.K. Malaa, T.P. Ngome, A.B. Aighewi 79 iii Effets de la Libéralisation sur les Incitations et la Compétitivité de la Filière Igname en Côte D’ivoire K. Sylla, S.D. Diallo, Y. Ouattara et C.M. Kablan 95 Analyses Économiques Comparées des Techniques de Stockages et Variabilité des Prix de L’Igname dans les Régions du Zanzan, des Lacs, et des Savanes de Côte D’Ivoire Kouadio Koffi Eric, Gbongue Mamadou, Comoe Daisy 111 3. Yam Consumption and Indigenous Knowledge Patterns and Determinants of Yam Consumption in a Ghanaian Urban Center: Household Demographics, Income and Gender Perspectives R. Aidoo, K. Ohene-Yankyera, K. Marfo, and N.G. Blaise 129 Perception of Food Quality in Yams Among Nigerian Farmers B.O. Otegbayo, A.L. Kehinde, T.E. Sangoyomi, F.O. Samuel, and C.C. Okonkwo 147 How to Validate and Promote the Use of D. Alata for Yam Chips and Derived Products (Amala and Wassa-wassa) A. Hounhouigan, N. Akissoe, and J. Hounhouigan 157 Production of Couscous and French Fries from Dioscorea Alata (Water Yam) D.D. Opata, J. Asiedu-Larbi, W.O. Ellis, and I. Oduro 165 Consumption Patterns for Yam Products Among Urban Households Nigeria G.N. Asumugha, M.E. Njoku, V.U. Asumugha, M. Tokula, I. Nwosu 179 Consommation et Préférence des Produits D’Igname par les Ménages Urbains de Cotonou et de Porto-Novo, au Bénin Epiphane Sodjinou, Charles Agli et Patrice Y. Adegbola 194 Déterminants de L’adoption des Technologies de Transformation de L’Igname: Cas de la Transformation en Cossettes et en Farine au Nord de la Cote D’ivoire R.F. Monney S. Coulibaly K. Sylla Souleymane S. Diallo B. N’Kamleu 208 4. Rapid Propagation Technologies Farmer Participatory Evaluation of Four Hybrid Water Yam Clones in the Yam Belt of Nigeria J.G. Ikeorgu, H. Oselebe, J. Oluwatayo, K. Ugwuoke, U. Ukpabi, and R. Asiedu 225 Adoption of Minisett Technology in the Agroecological Zones of High Guinea Savanna and Western Highlands of Cameroon V.P. Nchinda,. D.K. Njualem, S.B. Ngassam M.A. Che, and S.P. Nkwate 230 Promotion of the Yam Minisett Technique in the Yam Belt of Nigeria Ikeorgu, J.G., Ekwe, K.C. and M.H. Tokula 241 iv Farmer Participatory Evaluation of Local Landraces of Yams (Dioscorea spp.) in Cameroon: A Year’s Experience D.K. Njualem, F. Ntam, A. Mbairanodji, W.N. Leke, V. Nchinda, and D.L. Mapiemfu 244 Sélection Variétale Participative de Clones D’Igname (Dioscorea Rotundata) pour leur Performances Agronomiques et Organoleptiques N’Kpenu K.E., N. Gnofam, S. Dodzi, D.A. Amouzou 250 Collecte et Documentation des Informations sur la Distribution Géographique des Différents Cultivars D’Igname et Leur Utilisation dans les Régions Maritime, des Plateaux et Centrale au Togo Z. Kokou, A. Koumah, S. Koffi 259 5. Technology for Storage and Seed Sector Variation in Pasting and Functional Properties of Flours and Starches from Water Yam (Dioscorea Alata) M.O. Oke, S.O. Awonorin, R. Asiedu, B. Maziya-Dixon, L.O. Sanni, and B.A. Akinwande 269 Efficacite du Vin De Palme sur les Champignons Responsables de Pourritures D’Igname (Dioscorea Spp.) en Côte D’Ivoire K. Assiri, A. H. Diallo, A. Tschannen, S. Ake 279 Utilisation D’extraits de Plantes à Effet Pesticide Pour Améliorer la Qualité des Tubercules D’Igname en Stockage K.E. Kpemoua 293 Analyse de L’adoption des Nouvelles Technologies de Production de Cossettes et Farine D’Igname Preconisees par le Projet K.A. Djake, K. Zoukpoya, K. Koudjega 301 Participants 309 v Preface Yam is a major staple and a primary source of income in West and Central Africa. Most of the world’s production comes from West Africa, representing 94%, with Nigeria alone producing 71%, equaling more than 37 million tons. The rate of increase in yam production is declining in most producing areas in the sub-region due to high labor and material requirements as well as deterioration in soil structure and fertility. Smallholder farmers therefore need access to innovations to reduce labor, improve productivity and expand options for marketing and utilization. Researchers have been working on yam improvement and seeking ways of addressing these challenges. This book summarizes some of the progress made in research as reported during the IFAD/IITA yam technical workshop held from 11 to 13 September 2007 in Accra, Ghana. It is divided into the following sections: Productivity enhancement, Yam marketing, Yam conservation and indigenous knowledge, and Rapid propagation technologies. vi Opening Address Honorable Deputy Minister (Crops) Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA), Ghana The production of yams has been very important to the welfare of many generations of people in Ghana and other countries of West and Central Africa. Yams certainly continue to be very important for food security, income generation, and several socio- cultural events. In order to further enhance their contribution to the economic and social development of the subregion we need to address the constraints to productivity and marketing, and to develop more effective postharvest technologies. In Ghana, the Root and Tuber Improvement and Marketing Programme (RTIMP) is an excellent example of our serious commitment to the root and tuber crop sector. Through this program, staff of my ministry work together with colleagues in our universities and research institutes to address the challenges and opportunities of that sector. I am glad to note that there are similar programs in Benin, Cameroon, and Nigeria and that there is interchange of experiences among them. I am informed that during this technical meeting, several experts will review ongoing research and development activities on yams in our subregion to assess achievements and highlight the challenges and opportunities still ahead. This regional collaboration in research to ensure efficiency of resource use is commendable. It also makes a lot of sense considering the similarities in agroecologies in our subregion and the limited resources available for research. Please remember during your deliberations that, as a major crop in the subregion, the yam sector has to contribute to achieving the 6% annual growth in agricultural productivity by 2015, in line with the objective of the Comprehensive Africa Agricultural Development Program (CAADP). It is also important to remember that the timely delivery of accurate and convincing technical information to policy makers is essential to the development of sound and supportive science-based policies that could in turn facilitate your research. I hope that as you generate new technologies you remain mindful of the capacities and circumstances of the target users and beneficiaries who adopt them. The farmers also have a wealth of indigenous knowledge that could help you a lot in your research. In developing new, high yielding, and pest-resistant varieties, do not forget to retain or incorporate the distinct flavors that have made traditional varieties like puna and labreko highly preferred for several years.
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