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I 70-26 ,374 TWAROG, Katherine Foster Jorgensen, 1933- PRE-EXISTING KINSHIP TIES AND MIGRATION PATTERNS: A GENEALOGICAL APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF MIGRATION-SYSTEMS. The Ohio State University, Ph.D. , 1970 Anthropology University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan c) Katherine Foster Jorgensen Twarog 1971 ALL' RKSHTS RESERVED THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED PRE-EXISTING KINSHIP TIES AND MIGRATION PATTERNS: A GENEALOGICAL APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF MIGRATION-SYSTEMS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Katherine'Jorgensen Twarog, B.A., M .A. * * * * * * * The Ohio State University 1970 Approved by Adviser Department of Anthr ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank Dr. Erika Bourguignon, my adviser, for her invaluable and thoughtful criticisms and suggestions during the research and analysis of this material. Few students have had the opportunity to work as closely as I have worked with Dr. Bourguignon during both my undergraduate and graduate years at The Ohio State University. There is no way to fully acknowledge my appreciation for the friendship and encouragement of Dr. Bourguignon and her husband, Paul Bourguignon. I am very grateful to Dr. Leo Estel, Dr„ Francis Utley, and Dr. Robert Dentan for reading my thesis and for their very helpful criticisms and comments. I wish also to thank Dr. T. R. Williams for his assistance with the initial formulation of this problem and Dr. William Petersen for his suggestions and comments about relevant demographic material. My doctoral course work and the first portion of my field work was generously supported by a grant from the National Institute for Mental Health. I am also indebted to librarians at The Ohio State Univer sity Library, the Ohio Historical Society Library, The Ohio State Library, and the Pennsylvania State Library for their efforts on my b ehalf. I should also like to acknowledge the assistance of my major informants in the study, Mr. and Mrs. Charles Bentz, of Pataskala, Ohio, Miss Jennie Grable, of Pataskala, Ohio, Mr. H. Clinton Baird, of Springfield, Ohio, and Mrs. Russell Mauger of Baltimore, Ohio. During the years of this study, the Bentzes have become close friends who have helped with this research in innum erable ways. Certainly, no list of acknowledgments would be complete without the names of my friends, Mrs. Martha Kitts, Mrs. Anne Zimmer, and Mrs. Use Gould, who donated so many many hours of their limited time to help with the time-consuming work involved in the processing of the field data. I wish to particularly thank Mrs . Charles Ott for her care ful, meticulous1 preparation of the present manuscript. Finally, I wish to acknowledge my debt to those members of my own nuclear families of orientation and procreation who have been so involved in the completion of this project. My parents, Dr. and Mrs. H. H. Foster, have shown as always compassion and understanding. Certainly without my husband Leon's patience, wisdom, and good humor completion of the dissertation would have been impossible. Only my husband and our friends could ultimately understand why the Twarogs and the "Tworgs’' are frequently referred to not as accident-prone, but catastrophe-prone'. Ultimately, however, this dissertation must be dedicated to the six very lively, often impossible, "Tworgs": Stas, Becky, iii Jill, Wendy, Bill, and Sophie, who probably scarcely remember when Mother wasn't in school, or cross, or both. I can only hope that they pursue their professional or graduate studies before rather than after they have their own nuclear families of procreation „ iv VITA April 4, 1933 ........................... Born, Lodi, Wisconsin 1959-1960 .................................. Fellow, General Motors Scholar ship, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1960 .................... ........................... B.A. (cum laude), Anthropology, The Ohio State U n iversity, Colum bus, Ohio 1960 .................... ........................... Phi Beta Kappa, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1960-1961 .................................... Fellow, Woodrow Wilson Scholar ship, Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1962 ..... M .A., Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. The Structure and Function of the Kinship System of a Midwestern Community 1962 ........................... Teaching Assistant, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1962 ........................... Research Associate, Fels Memorial Institute, Yellow Springs, Ohio 1962-1967 .......................... Fellow, National Institute for Mental Health, Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1967 (Fall) ................................ Instructor, Anthropology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio v Publications Jorgensen, Katherine Foster (now Twarog): The Structure and Function of the Kinship System of A Midwestern Community, unpub. M.A., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio "Endogamous Mating and Kindred Migration in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries in the Midwest," Paper presented at American Anthropological Association M eetings, Nov ember 1962 "Notes on the Role of.Fictive:American Kinship," (With Millicent Ayoub) Central States Anthropological Society Meetings, St. Louis, Missouri, May 1963 "Midwestern Rural Kinship Patterns in the 19th and early 20th Centuries; A Preliminary Comparison," Paper presented at the Ohio Academy of Sciences, Columbus, Ohio, April 1966 Fields of Study Major Field: Cultural Anthropology Studies in Kinship and Social Organization. Professor Erika Bourguignon. Studies in Linguistics „ Professors Francis Utley, W-Y Wang, and Leonard Newmark Studies in Folklore. Professors Francis Utley and Archer Taylor Studies in Abnormal Psychology: Professors Alvin Scoedal and Sheppard Iiverant Studies in Historical Methodology. Professor John C. Rule vi CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.............................................................................. ii VITA................................................................. ............................................... iv TABLES ....................................................... x i Chapter I INTRODUCTION . .................................................... 1 1. The Problem ................................................. 2 2. The American Kinship System .................... 7 II STUDIES IN INTERNAL MIGRATION............................ 12 1. Recent Developments in Migration Theory . 14 a) Repeat Migration.............. 19 b) Kinship and Migration Studies ...................... 21 2. The Phenomena of Chain-Migration ................... 23 3. Discussion ............................................................ 31 III THE GENEALOGICAL M ETH O D...................... 34 1. The Use of the Genealogical Method .......... 35 2. Definitions and Attributes of Genealogies and Genealogical Knowledge ...................... 39 3. Genealogical Studies in Western Societies .... 41 a) The Small Community Study ............................. 43 b) The Problem-Oriented Territorially Demarcated Study ............. 44 c) The Problem-Oriented y Non-Territorially Demarcated Study............................. 49 v ii CONTENTS (Continued) Page 4. Historians' Use of Genealogical Material .. „ <,. 5 2 5 . Metge's Study of the Maori ... 0. ........................ 54 IV THE FIVE OHIO TOWNSHIPS................................................ 58 1. Classification of Migrational Events................... 60 2. Analytical Procedure.................. 68 3. The Locale of the Study....................... 70 a) The Selection of Townships................................ 70 b) Natural Environmental Conditions ... o o.... 72 c) Cultural Environmental Factors ....................... 72 d) Population Com position .................................. 75 4. Summary ................................. ..................... 82 V THE ELEVEN FAMILIES IN THE DEPTH - GENEALOGIES . ......................................................................... 84 1. The Presentation of the Genealogical Data 88 a) The Numbers and Percentages of Migrants and Migrational Events in Each of the Eleven Families ........................ ................... 88 b) The Areas of Destination for Out-Migra- tional Events from the Five Ohio Town ships ................... 92 c) The Numbers and Percentages of Kin-linked and Non Kin-Linked Migrational Events Found in Each of the Eleven Families .. ... 95 d) The Numbers and Percentages of S p ecific types of Kin-Linked Migration Events Occurring in Each of the Eleven Families .. 98 2. The Implications of the Genealogical Data 103 a) The Evidence of Chain-Migration in the Family Genealogies................ 108 v iii CONTENTS (Continued) Page 3. Summary .... o.. ............................................. Ill VI THE HISTORICAL PATTERNING OF MIGRATION EVENTS ......... 113 1. The Coding of the Genealogical Data 114 2 . The A nalysis of the G enealogical D a ta .................. 116 a) The Numbers and Percentages of Migrants Classified by the Date of Birth of the First-Born Members of the Genealogical Generation ........................... 116 b) Areas of Destination of Out-Migrational Events from the Five Ohio Townships 123 c) The Analysis of the Numbers and Percen tages of Kin-Linked and Non Kin-Linked Migrational Events in Each Historical Time Period .................................................................