Sound – Letter Maps
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Alphabetic Principle, Word Study, and Spelling Definitions Match the Key Concept to Its Definition by Writing the Letter in the Correct Blank
AP HANDOUT 2A Alphabetic Principle, Word Study, and Spelling Definitions Match the key concept to its definition by writing the letter in the correct blank. Set A 1. ______ decoding A. Understanding that the sequence of letters in written words represents the sequence of sounds (or phonemes) in spoken words 2. ______common sound B. Sound that a letter most frequently makes in a word 3. ______decodable texts C. Vowels and certain consonant sounds that can be prolonged during pronunciation and are easier to say without being distorted 4. ______ encoding D. Engaging and coherent texts in which most of the words are comprised of an accumulating sequence of letter-sound correspondences being taught 5. ______ alphabetic E. Process of converting printed words into their spoken principle forms by using knowledge of letter-sound relationships and word structure 6. ______ continuous F. Process of converting spoken words into their written sounds forms (spelling) SET B 7. ______ sounding out G. Words in which some or all of the letters do not represent their most common sounds 8. ______ letter H. Groups of consecutive letters that represent a particular recognition sound(s) in words 9. ______ irregular words I. Ability to distinguish and name each letter of the alphabet, sequence the letters, and distinguish and produce both upper and lowercase letters 10. ______ regular words J. Relationships between common sounds of letters or letter combinations in written words 11. ______ stop sounds K. Words in which the letters make their most common sound 12. ______ letter-sound L. Process of saying each sound that represents a letter(s) in correspondences a word and blending them together to read it 13. -
The English Language
The English Language Version 5.0 Eala ðu lareow, tæce me sum ðing. [Aelfric, Grammar] Prof. Dr. Russell Block University of Applied Sciences - München Department 13 – General Studies Winter Semester 2008 © 2008 by Russell Block Um eine gute Note in der Klausur zu erzielen genügt es nicht, dieses Skript zu lesen. Sie müssen auch die “Show” sehen! Dieses Skript ist der Entwurf eines Buches: The English Language – A Guide for Inquisitive Students. Nur der Stoff, der in der Vorlesung behandelt wird, ist prüfungsrelevant. Unit 1: Language as a system ................................................8 1 Introduction ...................................... ...................8 2 A simple example of structure ..................... ......................8 Unit 2: The English sound system ...........................................10 3 Introduction..................................... ...................10 4 Standard dialects ................................ ....................10 5 The major differences between German and English . ......................10 5.1 The consonants ................................. ..............10 5.2 Overview of the English consonants . ..................10 5.3 Tense vs. lax .................................. ...............11 5.4 The final devoicing rule ....................... .................12 5.5 The “th”-sounds ................................ ..............12 5.6 The “sh”-sound .................................. ............. 12 5.7 The voiced sounds / Z/ and / dZ / ...................................12 5.8 The -
Fry 1000 Instant Words: Free Flash Cards and Word Lists for Teachers
Fry 1000 Instant Words: Free Flash Cards and Word Lists For Teachers Fry 1000 Instant Words Bulletin Board Display Banner and 26 Letter Cards The Fry 1000 Instant Words are a list of the most common words used for teaching reading, writing, and spelling. These high frequency words should be recognized instantly by readers. Dr. Edward B. Fry's Instant Words (which are often referred to as the "Fry Words") are the most common words used in English ranked in order of frequency. In 1996, Dr. Fry expanded on Dolch's sight word lists and research and published a book titled "Fry 1000 Instant Words." In his research, Dr. Fry found the following results: 25 words make up approximately 1/3 of all items published. 100 words comprise approximately 1/2 of all of the words found in publications. 300 words make up approximately 65% of all written material. Over half of every newspaper article, textbook, children's story, and novel is composed of these 300 words. It is difficult to write a sentence without using several of the first 300 words in the Fry 1000 Instant Words List. Consequently, students need to be able to read the first 300 Instant Words without a moment's hesitation. Do not bother copying these 3 lists. You will be able to download free copies of these lists, plus 7 additional lists that are not shown (words 301 - 1000), using the free download links that are found later on this page. In addition to these 10 free lists of Fry's sight words, I have created 1000 color coded flashcards for all of the Fry 1000 Instant Words. -
The End of Illiteracy?
The End of Illiteracy? The Holy Grail of Clackmannanshire TOM BURKARD CENTRE FOR POLICY STUDIES 57 Tufton Street London SW1P 3QL 1999 THE AUTHOR Tom Burkard is the Secretary of the Promethean Trust and has published several articles on how children learn to read. He contributed to the 1997 Daily Telegraph Schools Guide, and is a member of the NASUWT. His main academic interest is the interface between reading theory and classroom practice. His own remedial programme, recently featured in the Dyslexia Review, achieved outstanding results at Costessey High School in Norwich. His last Centre for Policy Study pamphlet, Reading Fever: Why phonics must come first (written with Martin Turner in 1996) proved instrumental in determining important issues in the National Curriculum for teacher training colleges. Acknowledgements Support towards research for this Study was given by the Institute for Policy Research. The Centre for Policy Studies never expresses a corporate view in any of its publications. Contributions are chosen for their independence of thought and cogency of argument. ISBN No. 1 897969 87 2 Centre for Policy Studies, March 1999 Printed by The Chameleon Press, 5 - 25 Burr Road, London SW18 CONTENTS Summary 1. Introduction 1 2. A brief history of the ‘reading wars’ 4 3. A comparison of analytic and synthetic phonics 9 4. Problems with the National Literacy Strategy 12 5. The success of synthetic phonics 17 6. Introducing synthetic phonics into the classroom 20 7. Recommendations 22 Appendix A: Problems with SATs 25 Appendix B: A summary of recent research on analytic phonics 27 Appendix C: Research on the effectiveness of synthetic phonics 32 SUMMARY The Government’s recognition of the gravity of the problem of illiteracy in Britain is welcome. -
Spelling Instruction for Students with Learning Disabilities
Rowan University Rowan Digital Works Theses and Dissertations 10-24-2017 Spelling instruction for students with learning disabilities Rebecca Grochowicz Rowan University Follow this and additional works at: https://rdw.rowan.edu/etd Part of the Language and Literacy Education Commons, and the Special Education and Teaching Commons Recommended Citation Grochowicz, Rebecca, "Spelling instruction for students with learning disabilities" (2017). Theses and Dissertations. 2476. https://rdw.rowan.edu/etd/2476 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Rowan Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Rowan Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SPELLING INSTRUCTION FOR STUDENTS WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES by Rebecca Grochowicz A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Interdisciplinary and Inclusive Education College of Education In partial fulfillment of the requirement For the degree of Master of Arts in Special Education at Rowan University September 5, 2017 Thesis Chair: S. Jay Kuder, Ed. D. © 2017 Rebecca Grochowicz Dedication I would like to dedicate this thesis to my husband Jon for helping me through these long few months and lending his expertise in Excel. Without his help and encouragement, this thesis would not have been possible. iv Acknowledgments I would like to express my deepest appreciation and gratitude to my Professor, S. Jay Kuder for his guidance and support in completing this thesis. I would also like to thank my school district for allowing me to conduct my research in the classroom. iv Abstract Rebecca Grochowicz SPELLING INSTRUCTION FOR STUDENTS WITH LEARNING DISABILITIES 2016-2017 S. -
Sounds to Graphemes Guide
David Newman – Speech-Language Pathologist Sounds to Graphemes Guide David Newman S p e e c h - Language Pathologist David Newman – Speech-Language Pathologist A Friendly Reminder © David Newmonic Language Resources 2015 - 2018 This program and all its contents are intellectual property. No part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted or reproduced in any way, including but not limited to digital copying and printing without the prior agreement and written permission of the author. However, I do give permission for class teachers or speech-language pathologists to print and copy individual worksheets for student use. Table of Contents Sounds to Graphemes Guide - Introduction ............................................................... 1 Sounds to Grapheme Guide - Meanings ..................................................................... 2 Pre-Test Assessment .................................................................................................. 6 Reading Miscue Analysis Symbols .............................................................................. 8 Intervention Ideas ................................................................................................... 10 Reading Intervention Example ................................................................................. 12 44 Phonemes Charts ................................................................................................ 18 Consonant Sound Charts and Sound Stimulation .................................................... -
Parietal Dysgraphia: Characterization of Abnormal Writing Stroke Sequences, Character Formation and Character Recall
Behavioural Neurology 18 (2007) 99–114 99 IOS Press Parietal dysgraphia: Characterization of abnormal writing stroke sequences, character formation and character recall Yasuhisa Sakuraia,b,∗, Yoshinobu Onumaa, Gaku Nakazawaa, Yoshikazu Ugawab, Toshimitsu Momosec, Shoji Tsujib and Toru Mannena aDepartment of Neurology, Mitsui Memorial Hospital, Tokyo, Japan bDepartment of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan cDepartment of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Abstract. Objective: To characterize various dysgraphic symptoms in parietal agraphia. Method: We examined the writing impairments of four dysgraphia patients from parietal lobe lesions using a special writing test with 100 character kanji (Japanese morphograms) and their kana (Japanese phonetic writing) transcriptions, and related the test performance to a lesion site. Results: Patients 1 and 2 had postcentral gyrus lesions and showed character distortion and tactile agnosia, with patient 1 also having limb apraxia. Patients 3 and 4 had superior parietal lobule lesions and features characteristic of apraxic agraphia (grapheme deformity and a writing stroke sequence disorder) and character imagery deficits (impaired character recall). Agraphia with impaired character recall and abnormal grapheme formation were more pronounced in patient 4, in whom the lesion extended to the inferior parietal, superior occipital and precuneus gyri. Conclusion: The present findings and a review of the literature suggest that: (i) a postcentral gyrus lesion can yield graphemic distortion (somesthetic dysgraphia), (ii) abnormal grapheme formation and impaired character recall are associated with lesions surrounding the intraparietal sulcus, the symptom being more severe with the involvement of the inferior parietal, superior occipital and precuneus gyri, (iii) disordered writing stroke sequences are caused by a damaged anterior intraparietal area. -
Second Grade Teacher Reading Academy
Phonics and Spelling Second Grade Teacher Reading Academy These materials are copyrighted © by and are the property of the University of Texas System and the Texas Education Agency. ©2009 2TRA: Phonics and Spelling Handout 1 (1 of 1) Learning to Read and Spell Alphabet Pattern Meaning The alphabetic principl e Knowledge of spelling or Structural units or groups matches letters, singly or syllable patterns and their of letters, such as prefixes, in combinations, to common pronunciations suffixes, and Greek or sounds in a left-to-right can help students read Latin roots or base words sequence to read and spell and spell words. focus on meaning and the words. morphological characteristics that represent consistent spellings and/or pronunciations (words with similar meanings are often spelled the same and/or pronounced the same). Examples: Examples: Examples: blending together the /ade/ in made, fade, define and definition sounds /s/ /a/ /t/ to read shade, trade or write the word, sat Adapted from Bear, D. R., Invernizzi, M., Templeton, S., & Johnston, F. (2000). Words their way: Word study for phonics, vocabulary and spelling instruction. (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill. ©2009 University of Texas/Texas Education Agency 2TRA: Phonics and Spelling Handout 2 (1 of 1) Reading Processes in Spanish Los Procesos de Lectura en Español The four reading processes can be applied to both English and Spanish. Decoding - Decodificación In Spanish, it is essential for students to be able to segment, delete, and manipulate individual phonemes. Students learn to blend sounds at the phoneme level to read syllables and words. Example: /s/ /o/ /l/ = sol Sight - Reconocimiento automático de palabras Although the Spanish language has a regular phonetic system, there are certain syllables or spelling patterns that have to be learned so they can be recognized and read automatically. -
Reading Foundational Skills
Common Core State StandardS for engliSh language artS & literaCy in hiStory/SoCial StudieS, SCienCe, and teChniCal SubjeCtS reading Foundational skills The following supplements the Reading Standards: Foundational Skills (K–5) in the main document (pp. 14–16). See page 40 in the bibliography of this appendix for sources used in helping construct the foundational skills and the material below. Phoneme-Grapheme correspondences Consonants Common graphemes (spellings) are listed in the following table for each of the consonant sounds. Note that the term grapheme refers to a letter or letter combination that corresponds to one speech sound. Figure 8: Consonant Phoneme-Grapheme Correspondences in English Common Graphemes (Spellings) Phoneme Word Examples for the Phoneme* /p/ pit, spider, stop p /b/ bit, brat, bubble b /m/ mitt, comb, hymn m, mb, mn /t/ tickle, mitt, sipped t, tt, ed /d/ die, loved d, ed /n/ nice, knight, gnat n, kn, gn /k/ cup, kite, duck, chorus, folk, quiet k, c, ck, ch, lk, q /g/ girl, Pittsburgh g, gh /ng/ sing, bank ng, n /f/ fluff, sphere, tough, calf f, ff, gh, ph, lf /v/ van, dove v, ve /s/ sit, pass, science, psychic s, ss, sc, ps /z/ zoo, jazz, nose, as, xylophone z, zz, se, s, x /th/ thin, breath, ether th /th/ this, breathe, either th /sh/ shoe, mission, sure, charade, precious, notion, mission, sh, ss, s, ch, sc, ti, si, ci special /zh/ measure, azure s, z /ch/ cheap, future, etch ch, tch /j/ judge, wage j, dge, ge /l/ lamb, call, single l, ll, le /r/ reach, wrap, her, fur, stir r, wr, er/ur/ir /y/ you, use, feud, onion y, (u, eu), i /w/ witch, queen w, (q)u /wh/ where wh /h/ house, whole h, wh *Graphemes in the word list are among the most common spellings, but the list does not include all possible graph- emes for a given consonant. -
Vocabulary Key Learning(S): Topic: Fluency Unit Essential Question(S
Topic: Fluency Grade: K Optional Key Learning(s): Unit Essential Question(s): Instructional Tools: Odyssey Fluency is essential for How does fluency impact Reading PALS automaticity of a skill. learning to read? FCRR Internet Resources Concept: Concept: Concept: Concept: Awareness Phonics Vocabulary Comprehension Phonemic I Lesson Essential Questions: Lesson Essential Questions: Lesson Essential Question Lesson Essential Questions: 1. How do you differentiate 1. How do you map letters 1. How does activating prior 1. How do we incorporate story a sound as the same or to sounds fluently? knowledge to make elements to gain a deeper level different fluently? 2. How does analyzing the connections to text affect of understanding text and 2. How do you identify structure of words affect fluency? fluency of reading? beginning, middle and fluency? ending sounds in words fluently? Vocabulary: Vocabulary: Vocabulary: Vocabulary: Segmentation Onset/Rime Closed Syllables Blends Text to Self Synonyms Fiction Main Idea Blending Rhyming Capital Letters Diagraphs Text to World Antonyms Non-Fiction Compare/Contrast Phoneme Identification Lowercase Letters Vowels Text to Text Sequence Categorize Phoneme Isolation Consonants Shared Reading Character Retell Shared Reading Phoneme Deletion Syllables Fry Sight Words Setting Read Aloud Substitution Addition Other Information: Concert: Concept: Concept: Concept: I Writing L Lesson Essential Questions Lesson Essential Questions Lesson Essential Questions Lesson Essential Questions 1. How do you transfer sounds to symbols, words, and express meaning in writing fluently? Vocabulary Vocabulary Vocabulary Vocabulary Fry Sight Words Capital Letters Lowercase Letters Topic: Introduction to Reading Fluency Grade: K Optional Key Learning(s): Unit Essential Question(s): Instructional Tools -Sound Wall Developing fluent skills leads to How do I become a fluent reader? -Alphabet Cards -Sight Words comprehension. -
Alphabetic Principle
Alphabetic Principle What is it? The alphabetic principle refers to the understanding that there are predictable and consistent relations between written letters and spoken sounds – the combination of letter knowledge and awareness. The 26 letters are the “key” to the English language. They have names, shapes, sounds, and go together to make words. Why is it important? Children's knowledge of letter names, shapes and sounds is a strong predictor of their success in learning to read. Knowing letter names is strongly related to children's ability to remember the forms of written words and their ability to treat words as sequences of letters. As this becomes internalized we will see writing and reading skills grow. Considerations: (what to think about?) • Be intentional with the purpose and clear with the expectations. “We are going to be learning about the letters of the alphabet. There are 26 letters (use the abc line to count together slowly while you touch them). You all have some of them in your names (check that out with their name cards). Letters have sounds and go together to make words. Your name is a word….” How cool is that!!” Make it interesting and meaningful. Revisit the learning often … “What letters do you know really well? Which ones are still tricky?” Kids can answer this! • Have 2 alphabet strips - one high to teach from and one low for students to access (have a special abc pointer to reach the high one when you teach from it). Have them run in one long line. • Be very explicit when talking about the alphabet and clear when enunciating. -
LL P Silent E Recognition.Pdf
® LEVEL 7 | Phonics Lexia Lessons Silent E Recognition Description This lesson is designed to teach students the phonics rule that when a Silent e occurs after a single consonant at the end of a syllable, it usually makes the first vowel “say its name” (long sound), as in the word time. These kinds of syllables are called Silent e syllables. Knowledge of the Silent e syllable type helps students apply word-attack strategies for reading and spelling. TEACHER TIPS This lesson contrasts the Silent e syllable type (long vowel sound) with the closed syllable type (short vowel sound). When you pronounce the words, stretch out the medial vowel sound, whether it is short or long, so that students have more time to hear it. Sounds to stretch out will be shown in the lesson as repeated letters—such as maaad for mad and maaade for made. For the letters a, e, i, and o, the long sound of the letter is also its name. Because long u can be pronounced /yoo/ or /oo/, it is presented later in this lesson. PREPARATION/MATERIALS • Copies of the word cards from the end of the lesson • Keyword Image Cards (provided in the Core5 Resources Hub on the Support for Primary Standard: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RF.1.3c - Know final -e and common vowel - Know Standard: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RF.1.3c Primary team conventions for representing long vowel sounds. RF.1.3b Supporting Standards: RF.1.2a, Instruction page.) Warm-up Use a phonemic awareness activity to review short and long vowel sounds.