GreenerSites ENVIRONMENTAL REHABILITATION OF BROWNFIELD SITES IN CENTRAL EUROPE Final Report

www.interreg-central.eu/greenersites 1

GreenerSites ENVIRONMENTAL REHABILITATION OF BROWNFIELD SITES IN CENTRAL EUROPE Final Report

www.interreg-central.eu/greenersites 3

Index

Acknowledgments Introduction ...... 5 We would like to thank all of our GreenerSites partners for the good co- operation during this three-year project. We would like to give a special 1. The Programme and the Project ...... 6 thanks to Ms Sabine Rabl-Berger from the Environment Agency Austria, Mr 1.1. The GreenerSites Project ...... 7 Hans Slenders, from NICOLE – Network for Industrially Contaminated Land 1.2. The GreenerSites Partnership ...... 8 in Europe, Ms Lisa Pizzol from SuRF Italy, for their valid contribution to the 1.3. The Interreg CENTRAL EUROPE Programme ...... 9 project capacity building programme. 2. Preliminary brownfield analysis...... 10 Our gratitude also goes to the JS of the Interreg CENTRAL EUROPE Programme 2.1. Overview...... 11 for their invaluable support and technical and financial assistance throughout 2.2. Main features of the selected brownfields...... 15 the project. 3. Capacity building activities...... 22 3.1. Transnational trainings...... 24 Project management team 3.2. Local trainings...... 24 Paola Ravenna, City of Venice - Manager of European Policies Department 3.3. Pilot site visits...... 25 Silvia Comiati, City of Venice - Project Manager from June 2016 to March 2017 3.4. Study visits...... 25 Alessia Porcu, City of Venice - Project Manager Franca Pullia, City of Venice - Communication Manager 4. Pilot Actions...... 26 Chiara Tenderini, City of Venice - Financial Manager 4.1. The City of Venice Pilot Action...... 28 4.2. The Veneto Region Pilot Action...... 30 4.3. The North Adriatic Sea Port Authority - NASPA Pilot Action...... 32 Project Partners 4.4. The Institute for Structural Policy and Economic Development - isw Pilot Action...... 34 City of Venice – Lead Partner (Italy) 4.5. The Ministry of Regional Development and Transport of Saxony Anhalt Pilot Action...... 36 North Adriatic Sea Port Authority, Ports of Venice and Chioggia (Italy) 4.6. The Mazovia Development Agency plc – ARM SA Pilot Action...... 38 Veneto Region (Italy) 4.7. The Municipality of Solec Kujawski Pilot Action...... 40 isw – Institute for structural policy and economic development (Germany) 4.8. The City of Bydgoszcz Pilot Action...... 42 Ministry of Regional development and transport of Saxony Anhalt (Germany) 4.9. The Municipality of Celje Pilot Action...... 44 Rijeka Port Authority (Croatia) 4.10 The Port of Rijeka Authority and the City of Rijeka Pilot Actions...... 46 City of Rijeka (Croatia) ARM SA - Mazovia Development Agency (Poland) 5. Common Transferability Manual ...... 48 Municipality of Solec Kujawski (Poland) 5.1. Phase 1 Developing an Integrated Knowledge Framework...... 52 City of Bydgoszcz (Poland) 5.2. Phase 2 Developing Capacity Building programs...... 55 Municipality of Celje (Slovenia) 5.3. Phase 3 Testing solutions...... 58 5.4. Phase 4 Planning strategic actions...... 61 5.5. Phase 5 Promoting a shared governance...... 62 5.6. The process in a “snapshot”...... 63

6. Conclusions ...... 64

Introduction

This final report comes at the end of three years of intense work and fruitful collaboration among eleven partners from five central Europe countries, led by the City of Venice and strongly committed to address the common challenge of improving the management of brownfield sites in their respective Functional Urban Areas.

More than half of the European population lives in urban areas. The relative- ly recent trends, however, such as economic globalization, changes in political systems, new regulations, growing awareness about our impact on climate and environment have immensely changed the function and character of the Euro- pean cities. Those changes, though, have also created a legacy of abandoned, 5 frequently contaminated post-industrial areas in prime urban locations. Such ar- COUNTRIES eas create a considerable environmental and social issue but at the same time, 9 an opportunity for redevelopment. ACTION PLANS GreenerSites has meant to address these issues, working hand in hand with mu- nicipalities, helping them with sustainable redevelopment of the brownfield sites. 11 11 GreenerSites is a very strategic project for the City of Venice Economic Devel- PILOT PROJECT opment and Environment Departments: the industrial site of Porto Marghera ACTIONS PARTNERS selected as pilot area, is a key economic node for Venice and for the Veneto Region.

This report contains a summary of the main project achievements and products developed through the successful cooperation of all partners. In particular, the Common Transferability Manual and the Pilot Actions results are fundamental parts of the legacy of this project.

Our wish is that the lessons learnt and the results obtained will continue to pro- duce an added value which goes beyond both the duration of the project and its partnership.

We hope you will find the report interesting and inspiring!

Paola Ravenna Manager of European Policies Department – City of Venice 1. The programme and the project 7

1. The programme and the project

1.1 The GreenerSites Project in the implementation of 11 pilot actions meant to test more sustainable and novel technical solutions in their With an estimated three million sites affected by indus- brownfields. Each pilot action investigated a specific as- trial contamination, Europe faces real challenges in im- pect on brownfield management: proving brownfield areas. GreenerSites is a three-year European project funded by the Interreg CENTRAL EU- „„Elaboration of new strategies for the rehabilitation ROPE Programme which aimed to improve the environ- and regeneration of the contaminated sites. mental management of unused or underused industrial „„Setting up new systems for monitoring the contami- areas (brownfields) to make involved Functional Urban nation in the groundwater, soil and air. Areas (FUA) cleaner, healthier and more liveable places. „„Testing of some remediation methods. The project brought together, under the coordination of „„Implementation and testing of a geo-information tool the City of Venice, 11 partners from Germany, Poland, to collect and manage brownfield data. Italy, Croatia and Slovenia who jointly cooperated to im- plement and test actions based on a sustainable, inte- The solutions found assisted project partners and their grated approach to reach a higher environmental perfor- stakeholders in the elaboration and deployment of Stra- mance of brownfields located in their territories. tegic Action Plans supported by political commitment for the sustainable environmental management of brown- The project started its activities in June 2016 and devel- fields. The partners used the results to identify concrete oped its approach in 5 main steps: actions to be implemented after project completion to promote the environmental rehabilitation of brownfield „„Building a common knowledge framework on the sta- sites in their Functional Urban Areas. tus of their brownfields. „„Developing a Capacity Building program for public The project meant also to reinforce capacities of the employees and stakeholders. public sector to plan and carry out brownfield regener- „„Testing more sustainable and novel technical solu- ation in a sustainable way by providing public employ- tions in brownfields. ees with new skills and know-how on the environmental „„Planning strategic actions to ensure the sustainability management of unused industrial sites. Technicians from of the solutions tested. the partners’ institutions and their stakeholders benefit- „„Promoting a shared governance for a long term sus- ed from a full training package which included transna- tainable development. tional seminars, local training sessions and study visits to improve their skills and knowledge on environmental In the initial phase of the project, partners drew an anal- management. Project partners have also identified and ysis of the environmental and socio-economic status of visited some remediated sites in Vienna, Stuttgart and their brownfields. This preliminary assessment was nec- Lyon to reinforce their know-how by learning from oth- essary to identify the priorities for the rehabilitation of ers’ experiences. the involved sites and highlight synergies, common goals and challenges. Prominent European networks operating on brownfield management (NICOLE, SURF and COMMON FORUM) col- To improve the environmental performance of their laborated within the project providing important inputs brownfields, project partners involved their stakeholders to the partnership and their stakeholders.

Photo credits: Giorgio Bombieri, City of Venice 8 GreenerSites Final Publication 1. The programme and the project 9

1.2 The GreenerSites Partnership Associated Partners 1.3 The Interreg CENTRAL EUROPE Programme The GreenerSites partnership is made of 11 organisations „„Metropolitan City of Venice (Italy) from 5 central Europe countries (Italy, Germany, Poland, „„Association of the Industrial Zone of Porto Marghera The Interreg CENTRAL EUROPE is an EU programme that Croatia and Slovenia) constituting a well-balanced part- (Italy) encourages cooperation on shared challenges in central nership which focuses its actions at local or regional lev- „„Environment Agency Austria (Austria) Europe. With 246 million Euro of funding from the Europe- el: 2 regions, 4 cities, 2 port authorities, 1 development „„SuRF Italy (Italy) an Regional Development Fund, the programme supports agency, 1 private institution. All bear specific institu- „„Kujawsko-Pomorskie Region (Poland) institutions to work together beyond borders to improve tional competences on the management of the involved „„NICOLE – Network for industrially Contaminated Land cities and regions in Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, brownfield sites, share the same concern and need to Europe (Netherlands) Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. find appropriate solutions for the rehabilitation and the „„Municipality of Radom (Poland) future reuse of the sites. „„Brownfield Authority Saxony-Anhalt (Germany) The programme provided financial support to coopera- „„Bydgoszcz Regional Directorate of Environment tion projects that address shared regional challenges in 14 institutions are involved as Associated Partners in (Poland) four thematic fields: innovation, low-carbon economy, GreenerSites. They represent prominent networks oper- „„Bydgoszcz Regional Inspectorate of Environment environment, culture and transport. ating at EU level on brownfield management & organisa- (Poland) tions (private and public) which are competent for the „„Bydgoszcz Industrial Park (Poland) The Interreg CENTRAL EUROPE Programme is currently involved sites. Their cooperation provided different op- „„Slovene Ministry of Environment (Slovenia) funding 129 cooperation projects across central Europe. portunities to exchange and reinforce know-how, learn „„Energo Ltd (Croatia) from others’ experiences and disseminate project re- „„City of Halle (Germany) sults.

Partners

„„City of Venice – Lead Partner (Italy) „„North Adriatic Sea Port Authority, Ports of Venice and Chioggia (Italy) „„Veneto Region (Italy) „„isw – Institute for structural policy and economic development (Germany) „„Ministry of Regional development and transport of Saxony Anhalt (Germany) „„Rijeka Port Authority (Croatia) „„City of Rijeka (Croatia) „„ARM SA - Mazovia Development Agency (Poland) „„Municipality of Solec Kujawski (Poland) „„City of Bydgoszcz (Poland) „„Municipality of Celje (Slovenia) 2. Preliminary brownfield analysis 11

2. Preliminary brownfield analysis

2.1. Overview

The first phase of the project was aimed at drawing a „„1 in Italy: Porto Marghera in the Venice FUA; picture of the status of the urban/peri-urban brownfields „„2 in Germany: Ammendorf in the Halle FUA; involved in the project and help the project partners Magdeburg-Rothensee in the Magdeburg FUA; moving towards a more sustainable and integrated ap- „„ 6 in Poland: the former Power Plant industrial site in proach to environmental management of brownfields. In- Radom and Pionki FUA, the ZTS “Pronit” area of the itially, all project partners carried out specific research former sugar factory Borowiczki in the Plock FUA; the activities by collecting quantitative and qualitative data post-industrial zone Kamionek in Warsaw FUA; the on environmental and socio-economic status, infrastruc- Former factory of railway sleepers preservation in ture, legal framework, remediation measures as well as Solec Kuyawski and the old “Zachem” Chemical Plant monitoring systems already in place in their Functional in the Bydgoszcz-Toruń FUA. Urban Area. The result of the research was 9 detailed „„1 in Slovenia: the Old Cinkarna site in the Celje FUA; Brownfield Analyses (November 2016) which assessed the „„1 in Croatia: Mlaka area in the Rijeka FUA. environmental, economic, social and institutional status of the sites. The analyses produced interesting results and However, it must be said that the total number of brown- made it possible to highlight, synergies, common goals, fields in the partner regions is much higher than this similar problems and critical issues among the territories (4,920 brownfields are mentioned). The main environ- involved. The analyses were carried out at partner level mental concerns result from current or past industrial with the involvement of local stakeholders and provided activities undertaken in the sites. The most frequently relevant information with reference to the air, soil and mentioned industries causing pollution and environmen- groundwater contamination, the governance process, tal harm are (raw) chemical industry and refinery (men- the existing infrastructures land use restrictions, the tioned 6 times), lignite mining (1), military (1), potash planned and carried-out interventions. Overall, Greener- mining (1), metallurgy (2), machinery (1), food industry Sites project partners described 11 brownfields in 9 Func- (1), and tannery (1). Further environmental impact is tional Urban Areas, and in particular: caused by improper waste disposal, production-related transport as well as urban traffic. 12 GreenerSites Final Publication 2. Preliminary brownfield analysis 13

With regard to the FUA ownership, it can be noted that The analyses referred to economic, environmental and Sustainability Remediation approaches, FUA / country there is a mixed ownership structure in the partner re- social dimensions of sustainable development (as e.g. dimension measures, and techniques gions with both, publicly and privately owned areas. The defined in the CABERNET project1): area of pilot site of Bydgoszcz is mostly part of the for- mer “Zachem” chemical plant area in Bydgoszcz. It is „„Economic: Mobilising human resources, using existing Redevelopment of site into a Science and Technology Park, called Venice, Italy managed by a trustee in bankruptcy. Private companies sites and infrastructure to modernise and improve VEGA. won other parts, a minority is under city management. the urban fabric. Generate economic growth in urban Two different Agreements were signed by the MISE (Italian Ministry of quarters, increase public and private income; the Environment), the Veneto Region, the Venice Port Authority and the Municipality of Venice, which contained investments for industrial When it comes to air, soil and groundwater contami- „„Environmental: Cleaning up, restoring previously reconversion and requalification of Porto Marghera nation there is a heterogeneous situation in the partner used land. Placing brownfields regeneration at the Economic Identification of potential development areas have been carried out. Halle-Ammendorf, regions. Some FUAs suffer from severe contamination, forefront of regeneration strategies and using this Deeper contamination analysis is required for further settlements Germany mostly related to current or past industrial activities, programme as a driver for the clean-up of contam- (depends on the future use of the area / settlement - commercial, production-related transport and urban traffic. Some inated land. Reducing land consumption and urban production etc.) FUAs have good air, soil or/and groundwater conditions sprawl by encouraging sustainable brownfield regen- Identification of potential development areas have been carried out. Refinery Rijeka, and there are some FUAs lacking of information or fur- eration projects; Deeper contamination analysis is required for further settlements Croatia ther environmental data analyses. „„Social: Ensuring the long-term sustainability of (depends on the future use of the area / settlement - commercial, brownfields redevelopment by including socio-cul- production etc.) Partners provided specific information covering status of tural dimensions. Mobilising communities to ensure • Phytoremediation area of 150 ha has been developed to treat Venice, Porto remediation process and sustainable remediation tech- representative and equitable sustainable develop- civil wastewater in order to reuse it for industrial purposes. Marghera, Italy niques already experimented, as to have a clearer pic- ment, which may reduce the potential for subsequent • Groundwater related clean-up activities and embankments of port areas. ture of the sustainable environmental investigations per- decline and recreation of brownfields, improving the • Standardisation of characterisation protocols, and remediation formed in the FUAs. quality of life in city areas. selection protocols. • Reuse building rubbles and excavated soil for regeneration and Though not in every partner territory a clear sustaina- remediation sites. ble approach was experimented in the applied remedi- • “in-situ” system for cleaning-up polluted groundwater. ation techniques in most of the project territories this • -Science and Technology Park (VEGA) – bioremediation (biopile) process. approach was often adopted in the activities achieved so • ENA field-testing for in-situ biodegradation of contaminated Magdeburg- far. These findings are categorised as follows2: groundwater. Rothensee, • A ground water clean-up project based on air sparging Germany (Air sparging is an in-situ subsurface contaminant remediation Environmental technology that involves the injection of pressurised oxygen into contaminated ground water enabling the hydrocarbons to transform from a dissolved to a vaporous state.) A conceptual design of an “in situ” decontamination method was Bydgoszcz-Toruń, developed. In 2010 based on additional geochemical studies and Solec Kujawski, the first microbiological tests performed, an alternative concept Poland of land and groundwater bioremediation was proposed - using the indigenous (inoculated and multiplied) micro-organisms capable of decomposition and reduction in the concentrations of several 1 CABERNET - Concerted Action on Brownfield and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds. Economic Regeneration Network http://www.eugris. During construction of basic utility infrastructure in 2008, excavated Municipality info/displayproject.asp?Projectid=4415, project duration soil was classified as hazardous waste. of Celje, Stara Cinkarna (Old 2001-20004. For remediation of 15,327 m3 of material Stonetech 2 method was Cinkarna), chosen. Basis is immobilization of contaminants with cementation. Slovenia 2 Please consider that often a clear allocation to It uses excavated soil and industry ash from papermaking industry the three dimensions is not possible due to overlapping in ration 2.66:1. areas between economic, environmental, and social as- Since environmental and economic measures are necessary pects. Mostly, they even are conditional on each other. Social preconditions for socio-cultural development, all above-mentioned aspects do have a social dimension as well. 14 GreenerSites Final Publication 2. Preliminary brownfield analysis 15

2.2. Main features of the selected brownfields

Venice Porto Marghera (Italy)

Characteristics of the brownfield: Main issues/problems: „„Size: 1828 ha. „„Specific contamination of soil and groundwater deriv- „„Location: on the edge of the Venice lagoon. ing from the former petrochemical production. „„Ownership: 35% public, 65% private. „„Sanitary risk posed by contamination: in particular, „„Since 1998 (Law n. 426/1998) it is declared potential impacts on population due to the presence “Remediation Site of National Interest” because of 9 factories using dangerous substances. of its potential impact on the environment, due to „„Serious hazard for Venice lagoon due to pollution of its surface extension and risk posed by contami- groundwater of the site. nants. Despite its decline, the industrial site of Porto „„In 49% of the total area the remediation projects have Marghera is still active and remains an economic node been approved by the relevant authorities but not yet of the Venetian and Veneto Region area, with 841 started. economic activities and 10.480 employees. „„Remediation procedures have been completed only in 14% of the area (241 ha). „„Fragmentation of the governance process in different levels of competence – national, regional, local. „„Intrinsic complexity of the clean-up and administra- tive procedures. „„Progressive crisis of the industrial production in the site.

Partners have also identified some difficulties to have a For those reasons, brownfield remediation should con- detailed picture of all GreenerSites FUAs in relation to sistently be part of a coherent spatial and strategic land some aspects. The partners mentioned the following rea- management approach, particularly with respect to the sons: wider concept of economic, environmental and social di- mensions of sustainable development. It seems appropri- National regulations ate to further improve the brownfield remediation pro- Sometimes it is not clear whether there are clearly de- cess - particularly when it comes to data accessibility, fined obligations to perform environmental research and clearly assignable responsibilities, capacity building of to undertake remedial actions. public bodies and increased communication efforts to- wards stakeholders and citizens. Data acquisition Often there is only fragmentary inventory of contaminat- ed areas.

Data accessibility In some cases, it is not clear who collects and provides specific data (public bodies, private owners etc.).

Photo credits: Giorgio Bombieri, City of Venice 16 GreenerSites Final Publication 2. Preliminary brownfield analysis 17

FUA Halle FUA Magdeburg FUA City of Radom Halle Ammendorf (Germany) Magdeburg-Rothensee (Germany) and City of Pionki (Poland)

Characteristics of the area: Characteristics of the area: 1. ZTS “Pronit 2. Industrial area on the territory „„Halle-Ammendorf (407 ha) is a former industrial site: „„Size: 945 ha. of the former Power Plant in Radom lignite mining, chemical industry and mechanical „„Location: The Magdeburg-Rothensee port and indus- Characteristics of the area: engineering. trial complex is situated on the banks of the river „„Size: about 300 ha. Characteristics of the area: „„Brownfields are all in private ownership; Elbe to the north of Magdeburg. „„Location: ZTS “Pronit” is located in the south of the „„The area of the former Power Plant in Nowa Wola „„Ownership: 54 % privately owned; 27 % City of city of Pionki. Gołębiowska is incorporated to the Municipal Heating Main issues/problems: Magdeburg; 15 % Magdeburger Hafen GmbH; 4 % State „„Ownership: The owner of the site is the Municipality Company Radpec S.A., in the North of Radom. The „„Transition process after German unification: privati- of Saxony-Anhalt / Federal Republic of Germany; of Pionki. area is located in the Northern part of the city, where sation & closure of companies – many brownfields as local authorities are currently preparing a revitaliza- left over; Main issues/problems: Main issues/problems: tion micro-programme. „„For many brownfields a lot of information is missing. „„Ground Water contamination. „„Air contamination. „„Ownership: public and private. „„Contact and cooperation with owners is at low level. „„Soil contamination. „„PM10 exceeding the target level. „„There is little knowledge about the real barriers for „„High traffic volume (high number of trucks passing „„Soil contamination: the soil used for agriculture is Main issues/problems: development and what needs to be done for the through) - high degree of air and noise pollution. very poor. „„Air contamination; PM10 exceeding the target level. redevelopment. „„Public transport (bus, tram), bicycle and walkways „„Soil contamination: poor quality of the soil due to „„Very little development area in the city – increasing need to be improved. impurity. demand from investor. „„Public utility infrastructure requires modernisation. „„The revitalization programme is related to the solu- „„No holistic concept for the development of area „„Several sites are unused or underused or used for tion of social problems. There are 6 blocks of social (industry/housing). inferior, low value purposes. housing put into use in 2004 and 2010 for 370 fami- „„Many industrial buildings and granaries, some of lies. The buildings were largely devastated. The resi- which enjoy listed building status, are currently dents complain about the safety and the access prob- „„unoccupied or are not being adequately utilised. lems to the city centre. There is socio-therapeutic „„The remediation and redevelopment of brownfield sites centre but only for children. Young people and adults and the renovation and upgrading of existing building have no recreation places, so they are at risk of social stocks continue to be important objectives in terms of exclusion. environmental rehabilitation and urban development. 18 GreenerSites Final Publication 2. Preliminary brownfield analysis 19

FUA City of Plock FUA Bydgoszcz-Toruń 2. The old “Zachem” Chemical Plant in Bydgoszcz Main issues/problems: The former sugar factory Borowiczki (Poland) (Poland) „„Highly toxic substances get into the soil and ground- Characteristics of the area: water causing a strong contamination. Characteristics of the area: 1. The former factory of railway sleepers „„The Zachem factory, from the Sixties until 2013, was „„It is difficult to reliably determine the current state „„Size: 26,02 ha. preservation in Solec Kujawski (Poland) the largest producer of organic chemicals in Poland. of environmental pollution due to the defective exist- „„Location: on the river Słupianka. „„Size: approximately 2000 ha. ing monitoring system. „„Ownership: Public and private. Characteristics of the area: „„Location: It is located in the south-eastern part of „„The long-term emission of pollutants to the environ- „„Size: approximately 16,44 ha. the city, at a distance of approximately 7 km from ment, as well as the lack of actions preventing their Main issues/problems: „„Location: this area is close to the city centre and the centre. It is located in the Central European Plain migration, have caused that highly toxic, carcinogenic „„Air contamination: the concentration levels of PM10 near the largest housing estate and recreation and province. The area of Natura 2000, located the near- and mutagenic pollutants move outside the premises are very high. sports facilities. est to the former Chemical Plant, and being within of Zakłady Chemiczne “Zachem” to inhabited areas „„Superficial water contamination: food industry is „„Ownership: public. The land was purchased in 2008 by the reach of the potential impact of post-industrial (Łęgnowo and Plątnowo settlements), causing health characterized by a high degree of water consump- the Municipality of Solec Kujawski. areas is the “Valley of the Lower Vistula: there is a hazards to resident. tion, causing the production of large amounts of „„The Solec Kujawski brownfield is the site of the for- number of different forms of nature conservation waste water. mer wood preservation factory for which in years within this valley. „„It is not possible to assess the current quality of the 2013-2016 remediation was carried out using funds „„Ownership: Because the area of the former “Zachem” soil area of this brownfield site because of the lack of from the European Union Operational Programme Chemical Plant in Bydgoszcz is managed by a trustee available sources of information. ‘Infrastructure and Environment’ and for which pilot in bankruptcy, the main objective of the company in environmental monitoring tools are needed. liquidation is oversold assets, provision of services and the settlement of liabilities. FUA City of Warsaw – Kamionek Main issues/problems: post-industrial zone (Poland) „„Poor quality of groundwater: the presence of heavy non-aqueous liquid (DNAPL) was indicated after sev- Characteristics of the area: eral drillings carried out in 2013 and 2015. It was „„Location: the area is located on the right bank of detected that the DNAPL is very slowly migrating the Vistula River, in the north-western part of the from the area of former contamination sources. Praga South district, stretching north from the street „„On the south side of the area there is a flow of water Grochowska, belonging to the historical part of the similarly heavily contaminated with BTEX, PAHs and district. phenols from a different old post-industrial area. „„Ownership: The ownership structure of the area is diverse. The largest share is owned by the City of Warsaw.

Main issues/problems: „„Groundwater contamination: the main source of sur- face water pollution are urban and industrial efflu- ents, discharged from the area of the city of Warsaw primarily drainage system. „„Poor quality of the soil: debris, glass, municipal waste, concrete, wood, chemical substances from transport (including flue gas, fuel oil), heavy metals and other contaminants from industry, transport, services and chemicals used for road maintenance in winter. 20 GreenerSites Final Publication 2. Preliminary brownfield analysis 21

FUA Municipality of Celje FUA Rijeka, Mlaka area Old Cinkarna (Slovenia) The Refinery Rijeka „„ Characteristics of the area Characteristics of the area „„The pilot site was used by metallurgical-chemical com- „„Some part of the area is residential but most parts are pany Cinkarna Celje. In the late 1980‘s, it was left aban- industrial. It represents one of the biggest pollutants doned and in need of environmental rehabilitation in the area. „„Size: the Old Cinkarna brownfield site has a size of 17 „„Size: it is one of the main brownfields in the territo- ha reflecting different types of degradation. It consti- rial Functional Urban Area (200.000,00 m²). tutes around 1% of the city area and it is the biggest „„Location: INA Refinery is situated in the west cost of contaminated area in the city. the City of Rijeka (area Mlaka), very close to the city „„Ownership: public (100% of the City). centre. „„Ownership: The largest share of the area (approx 98%) Main issues/problems: belongs to a private owner. The traffic area surround- „„Contaminated soil with heavy metals and mineral ing the refinery are state roads and some small part oils. They can surface during construction and exca- of the area is state property. vation works as wastes, which may contain hazardous substances. Main issues/problems: „„Estimates of buried industrial waste and tar pits. „„Ecological status: chemical reactions of ozone pre- „„Estimates of buried reservoirs and underground drain- cursors, local sources, transport, inadequate waste age technology. disposal, contamination of soil in dismissed industrial „„Lack of information/research on soil contamination in areas. depth and groundwater in the area. „„Ownership relations and responsibilities for its reha- „„High costs for remediation. bilitation, future purpose. 3. Capacity building activities 23

3. Capacity building activities

One of the objectives of GreenerSites was to reinforce the capabilities of the public sector to plan and carry out brownfield regeneration in a sustainable way, by providing public employees with new skills and know-how on the en- vironmental management of unused industrial sites.

Technicians and officers from partner institutions and their stakeholders benefited from a full train- ing package which included cross-border seminars, local training initiatives, and site and study visits. Specifically, this approach was taken to facilitate the sus- tainability of GreenerSites’ activities even after the end of the project. In particular, GreenerSites partners have organised 2 transnational training sessions, 9 local training sessions and 8 site visits for public employees and stake- holders so as to increase their capacity to effectively man- age brownfield regeneration in a sustainable way.

Overall, a total number of 351 people were trained within the project.

22 24 GreenerSites Final Publication 3. Capacity building activities 25

3.1. Transnational trainings 3.2. Local trainings 3.3. Pilot site Visits

The first transnational training session was organized in Starting from May 2018, project partners organized spe- In occasion of each transnational project meeting, part- Bydgoszcz between 10th and 11th May 2017, and tackled cific training sessions at a local level, touching on top- ners visited the brownfield sites where the pilot actions the subjects of sustainability measures, and experienc- ics connected with their territorial stakeholders’ needs. were implemented to better understand the challenges es and practices in remediation. The knowledge gained To reach this goal, training materials were prepared and faced by partners in their respective sites. was aimed at supporting partners in the implementation adapted to the specific contexts. of their pilot actions and at favouring the exchange of Site visits took place in Venice(twice), Magdeburg, know-how among technicians who work daily in the field The training sessions, jointly organized by partners coop- Bydgoszcz, Solec Kujawski, Celje, Radom and Rijeka. of brownfield management and remediation. The main erating in the same pilot site, were addressed not only to topics were the economic and environmental aspects of the technicians from the involved partner institutions but sustainability. About 60 people attended the training ses- also to their relevant stakeholders. They were aimed at 3.4. Study Visits sion: ranging from project and associated partners and providing the necessary know-how to deal with the reha- local Polish stakeholders. The format of the training ses- bilitation of the pilot areas, with particular focus on the Study visits were meant to give the project partner the sion consisted in presentations from experts, site visits, GreenerSites web gis tool. opportunity to learn from other brownfield management a workshop on IT modelling, and small one-to-one talks experiences through a method of peer to peer learning. with the experts. These visits offer the visitors the opportunity to see first-hand the new solutions and initiatives developed The second transnational training session was held in by institutions working on the same issue. This method Venice on 9th of November 2017. It focused mainly on facilitates the exchange of experience and knowledge the presentation and use of the Web gis tool developed among participants in a dynamic interactive way. Project within the project for the collation and management partners, associated partners and project stakeholders of brownfield data. The format was structured into two identified and visited some remediated sites in Stuttgart, parts: the first consisted in presentations from experts, Lyon and Vienna. These sites were selected on the basis discussions and a practical testing of the tool, the second of the thematic focus of the pilot actions. was a more practical session, aimed at enabling partners to effectively learn to configure, adapt and use the tool The visit to Stuttgart was staged between 17th and 18th according to their needs. In addition, a short session was May 2018 and was hosted by the City of Stuttgart. The included which covered the theme of sustainability in the participants visited three different brownfield sites, with remediation and rehabilitation of brownfields from a so- various features and different challenges: the Schoch cial perspective. The total number of participants in the Site Feuerbach, the Bosch Site Block 1 Feuerbach, the training was 50. Neckarpark bad Cannstatt. For more details on the transnational study visits, and in particular on the The visit to Lyon was staged between 23rd and 24th May experience gained and lessons learnt 2018 and was hosted by the Metropolitan City of Lyon (Grand by GreenerSites partners, please Lyon). Participants were welcomed by a number of officials refer to the publication “Study from the Metropolitan City and visited the Chemical Valley Visits short stories”, available (La Vallée de la Chemie), a 373-hectare industrial area along in the GreenerSites website in the the Rhone river where, since 2014, the Metropolitan City of “Publications” section. Lyon has been carrying out a huge redevelopment process.

The visit to Vienna was staged between 7th and 8th June 2018 and was hosted by the GreenerSites Associated Par- tner EAA – Environment Agency Austria. The participan- ts visited two different brownfield sites: the Simmering Gasworks and the Northern Railway Station, each with varying features but similar environmental problems in groundwater and soil pollution. 4. Pilot Actions 27

4. Pilot Actions

All of the 11 GreenerSites partners have planned, im- Pilot solutions are designed to be replicable in other con- plemented and evaluated local Pilot Actions for a more taminated sites. Strategies and tools can be adapted to sustainable environmental regeneration & reactivation of different contexts: as described in the table below. They brownfields. consist in brownfield revitalisation strategies, novel sys- tems for monitoring the contamination in the groundwa- Each Pilot Action investigated a specific critical aspect ter soil and air, identification and testing of the most ef- of brownfield management, including: elaboration of fective sustainable remediation methods, and the testing brownfield revitalisation strategies and tools, novel mon- of new tools for brownfield management. itoring systems, effective remediation methods, as spec- ified below.

Type of Pilot action Project Partner Name of the Site

Elaboration of new City of Venice Porto Marghera Reviewing the remediation plans in light of the strategies for the industrial area envisaged re-use of the site and the changed rehabilitation and regulations; Defining specific measures and fiscal regeneration of the instruments to attract new investment in the area contaminated sites isw – Institute for Halle-Ammendorf in Promoting the revitalisation of the area by structural policy and Halle (Saale) improving the site’s marketability economic development Port of Rijeka Mlaka area in Rijeka Definition of a Strategy for the environmental and Harbour economic rehabilitation of a harbour brownfield City of Rijeka Mlaka area in Rijeka Assessment of the environmental impact in the Harbour inhabited area surrounding the brownfield in the harbour ARM SA Mazovia Former CH Plant in Definition of a strategy for the revitalisation of development agency Radom the brownfield area based on social sustainability and on public participation principles New systems for Veneto Region Porto Marghera Setting up of a system in the Porto Marghera area monitoring the industrial area for the monitoring of the soil/gas levels in the air contamination Municipality of Solec Former railway sleepers Setting up of a system for the diagnosis of the in the groundwater, Kujawsky preservation plant in type of water contamination, and the monitoring soil and air Solec Kujawsky of the changes in concentration, the direction of migration, and overall composition so as to prevent any threat to the population City of Bydgoszcz Former chemical plant Setting up of a system for the monitoring of “Zachem” in Bydgoszcz, ground and groundwater contamination in inhabited areas near the brownfield site Testing of some City of Celje Stara Cinkarna in Celje Testing and comparison of some remediation remediation methods in the brownfield site methods North Adriatic Sea Port Porto Marghera Testing of the capping method for cleaning up of a Authority industrial area polluted site in the so-called Montesyndial area Tools for the Ministry of Regional The Magdeburg- Implementation and testing of a geo-information management of the development and Rothensee port tool to collect and manage brownfield data brownfield sites transport of Saxony Anhalt 28 GreenerSites Final Publication 4. Pilot Actions 29

Photo credits: Giorgio Bombieri, City of Venice

Hence the need to review the remediation projects in the light of the new use requirements, whilst also taking into City of Venice Best practice consideration the new regulatory orientation which calls Identification of the most valuable, sustainable for greater attention to the environmental and economic and cost-effective remediation methods for a sustainability of the interventions to be performed. The specific area. Study on the most valuable, sustainable and cost-ef- fective remediation methods for pilot area identifies This best practice refers to the development of a ground-breaking, sustainable technical solutions for envi- methodology to compare different available reme- ronmental rehabilitation through a general review of the diation technologies and identify the most suitable already approved soil remediation projects. In particular, and sustainable ones for a specific contaminated the work consisted in the review of the sustainability as- area. This includes a list of sustainability indica- pects of two remediation projects, dating back to 2005 tors and the method of assessing them. The work (therefore pursuant to Ministerial Decree 471/99) and up carried out by the City of Venice consisted in the until now (2019) not yet implemented, which relate to definition of a new method to select the most ap- the treatment of contaminated soils. The objectives of propriate available technologies in order to clean the revision were to define certain sustainability indica- up contaminated sites. This method is based on tors and the method of assessing them, making use of the three fundamental aspects: the best remediation technical simplifications introduced by the Programme technologies with respect to the contaminants, the Agreement dated 16/04/2012 and the related implemen- current regulation framework and the degree of tation protocols. The study also identified possible tech- sustainability of the remediation. The sustainabil- nological alternatives which enable the same results to ity evaluation of the intervention was developed be achieved, whilst reducing their impacts. However, the and based both on the methods proposed by Surf basic choice of opting for in situ technologies (i.e. tech- UK (United Kingdom’s Sustainable Remediation Fo- 4.1. Activities undertaken consisted in the elaboration of nologies that can be implemented within the site area) rum) and ISPRA (Italian Institute for Environmental The City of Venice Pilot Action studies and research to identify innovative and sustaina- was maintained, limiting top-soil removal jobs and ex- protection). Four studies to support the ble solutions for the remediation of a specific brownfield cavation and earth moving activities. The strategy of the rehabilitation of Porto Marghera within Porto Marghera and to find relevant financial and City of Venice for the site also envisages its economic The final outcome gives some technical guidelines fiscal measures to be applied to the area to facilitate the development. The Study on the potential use of the pi- for the planning of new remediation interventions reconversion of the dismissed industrial areas, so as to lot area for new productive activities investigated the in contaminated sites or in the revising of existing The City of Venice elaborated some research stud- attract investment and aid development of Porto Margh- potential use of the pilot area of ​​Porto Marghera for such ones. This method can be applied to any site in any ies aimed at linking remediation strategies with era. In particular, four different studies were elaborated. activities as well as looking into which fiscal, legislative territory. the need for future productive settlements in the The first two sought to provide on the state of the art and financial instruments can favour its establishment. area of Porto Marghera, taking into consideration environmental management and the status of the eco- both the deeply interlinked environmental and nomic activities currently undertaken Porto Marghera; The study is articulated into two sections: the economic aspects. while the remaining two propose new solutions both for „„the definition of Guidelines for the drafting of con- the environmental rehabilitation and the economic rede- tracts for the purchase and sale of industrial areas velopment of Porto Marghera. included in the Venice - Porto Marghera site; The necessary action and the goals achieved by the City „„the preparation of a study of the regulatory and fiscal of Venice Pilot Action were the following: The Report on the state of art of environmental man- instruments that can enable the attraction of invest- „„Reviewing the remediation plans in the light of the agement and particularly remediation in pilot areas ment and the development of the Porto Marghera envisaged re-use of the site and the changed regu- provides the state of remediation procedures carried out area. lations so far in the area identifying the critical issues that in- „„Speeding up the procedures taking into account the fluence and create obstacles for the implementation of The Guidelines represent a strategic tool capable of guid- new regulations and the sustainability of the inter- the remediation process. Within the vast area of Porto ing potential investors with respect to complex legal, fis- ventions Marghera, a Site of National Interest, some sections of cal and legislative issues which inevitably interfere with „„Defining specific measures and fiscal instruments to the site have been identified whose total area is equiva- the activities of buying and selling areas in industrial con- attract new investments in the area. lent to 108 hectares, for which the Municipal Administra- texts. Additionally, a promotional booklet was produced tion has recognized excellent redevelopment potential. to enhance the marketability of the Porto Marghera area. 30 GreenerSites Final Publication 4. Pilot Actions 31

Three measurement periods totalling six days were car- Region of Veneto Best practice ried out in the course of 2018. The MLE approach for a more realistic and less conservative risk assessment 4.2. Activities carried out were implemented to achieve the ARPAV undertook field tests based on a multiple line of The Veneto Region Pilot Action following goals: evidence (MLE) approach to obtain a direct characteriza- This best practice is based on the MLE (multiple A system to monitor the air quality „„developing monitoring procedures for gaseous matri- tion of the VOCs migration process. In the MLE approach, line of evidence) approach to monitor the air qual- in Porto Marghera ces that are in line with risk assessment requirements; the decision-making process is based on the investigation ity in contaminated sites. The MLE approach has „„studying the temporal variability of VOCs concentra- of different environmental media and all available results been applied at the Marghera Pilot Site to analyse tions and their link to soil-atmosphere dynamics; are evaluated to assess risks related to the vapour migra- the subsoil contamination and its contribution to The Veneto Region, supported by ARPAV - Regional „„selecting best sampling techniques for Venice – Porto tion pathway, if complete. The selected approach helped air pollution with respect to other contributions Environmental Agency, implemented a system to Marghera Mega site i.e. for contaminated sites char- to distinguish the contribution of subsurface sources to from widespread sources and production activities. monitor the air quality in order to define the spe- acterized by superficial water bearing unit and medi- air pollution from those contributions related to other The MLE approach was more precise than normal cific soil-gas reference level. To do so, the inno- um-fine soil texture. sources, like anthropogenic background levels or pro- transport models and widely applicable in contam- vative MLE - Multiple line of evidence” approach ductive cycles. This method has several advantages in inated areas. Therefore, it can be used to better was adopted. 5 areas were selected for the field tests after a prelimi- comparison with a more traditional approach, because it calibrate the remediation interventions that are nary evaluation of the air quality by means of a systema- enabled a better calibration of subsequent remediation needed in any given site. tization of existing data: interventions. The Pilot action demonstrated that transport mod- The Veneto Region Pilot Action carried out in collabora- „„1 site located on a “Refineries and Tanks” Macro- els normally overestimate the contamination lev- tion with ARPAV (Veneto Region Environmental Agency) island whose soil and groundwater are contaminated A surveillance committee was also established for the el and risks. This over-estimation regards the first aimed to put in place a system to monitor the air quality mainly by petroleum hydrocarbons; evaluation and control of the monitoring system with the phase of the volatilization process (from liquid to in Porto Marghera in order to define the specific soil-gas „„2 sites located on a “New Petrochemical Plant” Macro- task of producing annual report on the data elaborated. soil-gas): for the majority of soil-gas analysed the reference levels in sites subject to remediation. island, whose soil and groundwater are contaminated concentration measured through the model is high- mainly by organochlorides; er than that measured in the field. This means that The implemented activities allowed for a system to be „„1 site located on a “Old Petrochemical Plant” Macro- a remediation intervention designed on the ba- put into practice to identify the different sources of island, whose soil and groundwater are contaminated sis of transport models results would probably be chemicals in indoor air and to distinguish their contribu- mainly by organochlorides; more complex and more expensive than that which tion to air pollution in relation to VOCs (volatile organic would be necessary in that specific site. compounds) migration from the subsurface. 32 GreenerSites Final Publication 4. Pilot Actions 33

4.3. A preparatory study was developed in 2017 which con- The North Adriatic Sea Port Authority sisted in geognostic/geotechnical and environmental North Adriatic Sea Port Authority Best practice - NASPA - Pilot Action analyses the results of which were necessary to plan, de- Environmental capping Test of a more environmental friendly and velop and test the capping. cost effective way to provide the capping This best practice consists in the realisation and To consolidate the soil over which the capping was to be testing of a more environmentally friendly and placed, NASPA placed a layer made of not-polluted soil, in cost-effective way of providing capping and of in- The Pilot Action implemented by the North Adri- two selected areas, one with and one without a drainage terrupting the pathways of contaminants in under- atic Sea Port Authority had the objective to check system. Such layers were made re-using non-polluted soil ground water sources. The realization and testing the stability of the soil over which the environ- from nearby sites so as to reduce the costs of its trans- of a “layer made of non-polluted soil” was a pre- mental capping will be realized where NASPA fore- portation and CO2 emissions. Following the realisation of liminary step before the realization of the capping. sees to build a container terminal. the two layers of not polluted soil, monitoring devices The capping method represents a sustainable solu- (e.g. settlement gauges in steel) were installed as well as tion according to the following considerations: a drainage system on one of the two areas. „„it is considered to be one of the available The Pilot action of the North Adriatic Sea Port Authori- remediation technologies by ISPRA - Italian ty aimed to test a more environmentally friendly and The outcomes of NASPA Pilot Action tests will support the Environmental Protection Agency - (adapted cost-effective way to provide capping in the so-called detailed design of the container terminal. The tested and based on Matrix, developed by the Federal Montesyndial area, which NASPA plans to redevelop into a technology will be adopted in combination with other in Remediation Technologies Roundtable); container terminal. situ remediation technologies for the entire Ex-Monte- „„In this specific case, the technology is meant Syndial site (90 hectares), with the aim of interrupting to be adopted in combination with other in situ The final goal of the action was to check the stability the pathways of contaminants. remediation technologies. of the soil over which the environmental capping will be „„Reusing in-situ non-polluted soil made the realized. The main scope of the capping is to interrupt approach environmentally friendly (less trans- the pathways of contaminants and also to provide statics portation required, and so less CO2 production) quality to the container terminal surface pavement. and cost effective. 34 GreenerSites Final Publication 4. Pilot Actions 35

Isw Best practice A holistic approach to analysing, assessing and re-thinking brownfields

This best practice refers to the development of an integrated and transferable methodology devel- oped in Halle for the co-planning and co-design of remediation strategies for local brownfields. The implemented methodology is composed of a series of steps that can be transferred and replicat- ed in similar contexts. The proposed methodology is composed by the following steps: „„Joint selection of relevant brownfield sites for potential development on the basis of the site information system; „„Drawing up of a questionnaire to involve owners The Institute for Structural Policy and Economic Devel- and to increase knowledge about the brown- opment developed a brownfield revitalisation strategy field sites; for the urban sites located in Halle-Ammendorf improv- „„Surveys/interviews with brownfield site owners ing both the environmental management process and the and analysis of the replies to the questionnaire; marketability of the sites, with the key of it all being „„Desktop research and data collection to com- strongly linked to environmental aspects (e.g. reduction plete missing data in the site information sys- 4.4. To achieve this, isw and City of Halle defined several spe- of space utilisation, unsealing). Moreover, a methodology tem; The Institute for Structural Policy and cific sub-objectives: was developed to categorize brownfields sites according „„Analysis of brownfield features (e.g. owner sit- Economic Development - isw Pilot Action „„Increasing the amount of relevant data available to to specific criteria and identify positive and adverse de- uation, construction and planning law regula- Revitalization and improvement of site improve marketability, including: regular updates terminants for site marketability. tions, infrastructure, geology, hydrology, and marketability in Halle-Ammendorf of existing data and the addition of missing data to settlement structure); the site information system via research (e.g. envi- The analysis was applied to 11 of the 37 sites in Halle-Am- „„Prioritisation of brownfield sites according to ronmental data, owner structure, current activities mendorf, but the result was a common and transferable their positive and adverse determinants; Isw developed a brownfield revitalisation strate- on-site); methodology for strategic area management in the City „„Use of a common and transferable methodol- gy for the urban sites located in Halle- Ammen- „„Elaborating a common and transferable methodol- of Halle: this methodology will increase the capacity of ogy for brownfield analysis and assessment; dorf, aimed at improving both the environmen- ogy for analysing and assessing brownfields in Halle public stakeholders to plan and implement activities for „„Individual assessment of each selected brown- tal management process and, consequently, the (Saale) FUA; brownfield regeneration in Halle. field site; marketability of the area. „„Compiling recommendations on how to improve the „„Presenting possible solutions to face adverse administrative processes in the field of brownfield As a final step, the Final Report on the revitalisation of determinants (e.g., removal of vegetation, management; brownfield areas in Halle provided recommendations for remediation of contaminated sites, clearing The Institute for Structural Policy and Economic Develop- „„Stakeholder involvement to increase knowledge of the City of Halle regarding actions to be carried out in or- of sites suspected to contain unexploded ord- ment, active on the Halle FUA, focused its Pilot Action on brownfield management (including interdepartmental der to improve the administrative processes in brownfield nance, risk assessment from the former mining the area of Halle-Ammendorf. exchange in the city administration, communication management. operations); with private owners and relevant local and regional „„Elaboration of final recommendations of action This Pilot Action had the objective as expressed by the authorities); Several stakeholders were involved during the imple- for the area. City administration of promoting revitalisation and im- „„Paving the way for a holistic concept in the redevel- mentation of the activities; an intensive cooperation was proving the site’s marketability, as well as considering opment of the Halle-Ammendorf area. established between the city administration (Economic the environmental aspects (e.g. reduction of space uti- Promotion, Urban Planning, Environment), Regional Agen- lisation, unsealing), categorisation of sites according to cy for Brownfield Remediation, Regional Administration specific criteria, and identification of positive and ad- Agency (Responsible Environmental Authority), owners of verse determinants for site marketability. the brownfields, and civil society . 36 GreenerSites Final Publication 4. Pilot Actions 37

Ministry of Regional Development and Transport Saxony Anhalt Best practice Designing a collaborative GIS Tool

Implementing a collaborative GIS Tool meant pro- viding partners institutions and their stakeholders involved in the brownfield rehabilitation process with a collaborative platform to share DATA. 4.5. it was the area of Magdeburg-Rothensee to be used as a Three pilot training seminars with representatives from The Ministry of Regional Development reference site for data testing of the web-gis tool. several municipal districts were also organized to build The GreenerSites Web GIS tool is a spatial infor- and Transport of Saxony Anhalt up expertise and transfer knowledge for the future use of mation system that enables on-line cooperation Pilot Action The web gis tool, developed in practice by the company the tool by local administrations. between public administration authorities and Implementation and testing MENA GmbH, is an easy-to-use web tool planned to facil- other entities involved in and related to the re- of a web-gis tool for brownfield itate the on-line cooperation between public authorities Several key players were involved in the Pilot Action: habilitation and management of brownfields. The management in Magdeburg and other stakeholders concerned with brownfield reha- In the tool testing phase, the following stakeholders tool is a ready-to-use application that allows data bilitation. were involved: City of Magdeburg Planning Department, storing and sharing and can be used for supporting Brownfield Authority (LAF), City of Magdeburg IT-Services analysis, the implementing of interventions, deci- The Ministry of Regional Development and Trans- After the delivery and presentation of the web-gis tool (KID Magdeburg). sion-making and marketing purposes. It is based port of Saxony Anhalt implemented and tested a to project partners at the end of 2017, a test phase took on open source technologies and meets the OCG web-gis tool with relevant data and maps on the place involving local stakeholders with the purpose of During the pilot seminar phase, the following local stake- (Open Geospatial Consortium) standards and is brownfields, and then provided the installation explaining its components, the operational concept and holders were addressed: City of Magdeburg, including: thereby fully interoperable with the common in- package to other partners, enabling its implemen- all the steps related to its implementation and testing. The Departments of environment, business development terfaces for web services based on the INSPIRE di- tation in all the project territories. This step was necessary to carry out the fine-tuning of and land register; Regional Planning Association Magde- rective. the tool, on the basis of the feedback received from the burg, Port of Magdeburg GmbH, Land development Agen- technical meeting and other requirements. cy Saxony-Anhalt (Landgesellschaft mbH), Administra- The GreenerSites Web GIS tool is not a centrally The Ministry of Regional Development and Transport of tions of the counties of the FUA Magdeburg (Börd district, operated application and database. It is designed Saxony Anhalt, active on the Magdeburg FUA, focused its The Web GIS application is based on open source tech- Salzland district, Jerichower Land district) and other re- to be used locally and temporarily to support a Pilot Action on the area of Magdeburg-Rothensee. nologies. The system includes basic maps and orthopho- gions of Saxony-Anhalt. certain project. Thus specific local versions of the tos, as well as selected thematic maps and other geoda- tool can exist. The tool can be operated openly, In particular, the Pilot Action consisted in the implemen- ta as required for each specific project. The tool meets or through internet password protection, or again tation and testing of the GreenerSites web-gis tool, a the OCG (Open Geospatial Consortium) standards and is internally via the intranet of a specific institution. site information system with map viewer containing rel- thereby fully interoperable with the common interfaces evant data and maps on the brownfields; furthermore, for web services based on the INSPIRE directive. 38 GreenerSites Final Publication 4. Pilot Actions 39

ARM SA Best practice Local communities’ involvement and participa- tion in the planning and implementation phase of a brownfield redevelopment project.

In dealing with the deep social exclusion of the area’s inhabitants and their supposed negative at- titude, ARM SA had to pay particular attention to the dialogue with the local community for the im- plementation of its Pilot Action.

The adopted solution included a combination of different methods and an innovative, yet demand- ing Planning for Real method (PFR). This approach gave great results and the inhabitants of the so- cial buildings neighbouring the brownfield willingly 4.6. The Mazovia Development Agency The main goal of the Pilot Action was to develop a The Public Participation Guide and best practices cooperated and showed great commitment to the - ARM SA - Pilot Action brownfield regeneration strategy based on specific elaborated by ARM SA provides information on how to planned changes. Public consultations were con- Remediation strategy to restore environmental analyses and research with a clear focus establish a strategic and comprehensive dialogue with ducted with the residents of three housing estates the socio-economic functions on consultations with stakeholders for the full revital- stakeholders. Based on the results of analyses and con- located near the degraded area. The “Planning of a brownfield area in Radom ization of the area and restoration of its social and sultation with stakeholders, ARM SA was able to elab- for Real” approach was also used, and consisted economic functions. To achieve this goal, a collection orate the Report on economic potential and invest- of a method that helped support the communities of documentation, an analysis of existing data, as well ment possibilities. This report includes an assessment to identify issues in their neighbourhoods whilst ARM SA developed a brownfield regeneration as the development of a land regeneration plan were of the true value of the area after its revitalization working together in partnership with decision strategy based on environmental analyses and re- necessary. process. makers to think about ways to change or improve search and focused on consultations with stake- their neighbourhood. holders and local groups in order to achieve full The development of the strategy was preceded by a de- Key territorial stakeholders were involved in the delivery rehabilitation of the area and the restoration of tailed investigation into the soil contamination and a de- of the Pilot Action. This included landowners (Municipality The consultation process was summarized in the its social and economic functions. scription of the technical conditions of the buildings in of Radom and municipal heating company Radpec S.A.), document called “Report on the process of social this area, followed by the preparation of a methodolo- and residents of housing estates which also consisted of participation regarding the post-industrial area at gy for brownfield remediation including a report on the residents of social housing: entrepreneurs/employers, in- Energetyków Street in Radom”, which has become The Mazovia Development Agency plc, active in the City analysis of the quality of the soil environment in the pilot stitutions and NGOs which help residents (social welfare an excellent public participation guide and a set of Radom and City of Pionki FUA, focused its Pilot Ac- area, a concept of neutralization of the possible contam- centres, labour offices, local schools, church parishes, of best practices in community involvement pro- tion on the area of the former Power Plant in Radom. ination and some ground remediation methods. local charities). cesses. 40 GreenerSites Final Publication 4. Pilot Actions 41

4.7. The Pilot Action was aimed at facing the following needs identify and plan the most suitable, sustainable method The Municipality of Solec Kujawski and goals: diagnosis of type of contamination in waters, to carry out further remediation of the brownfield - the Municipality of Solec Kujawski Best practice Pilot Action monitoring of changes in concentration, directions of mi- passive nano-carbon barrier. A soil and water monitoring system Identification of a method gration, and composition. All were necessary in the de- of neutralising pollutants below velopment of a project to stop and eliminate the threat. Based on the monitoring results, the Municipality of Solec The best practice consists in establishing a soil groundwater level in Solec Kujawski The activities carried out within the Pilot Action con- elaborated a Land management concept of the site. and water monitoring system for long-term main- sisted in establishing an environmental monitoring sys- This study proposes three different investment variants tenance control of the remediation techniques tem of soil and water at the former wood preservation which could be developed in the area with economic and undertaken. The Municipality of Solec Kujawski The Municipality of Solec Kujawski established an plant brownfield in order to monitor the effectiveness technical specifications. All data related to the brown- carried out an extensive monitoring campaign environmental monitoring system of soil and wa- of the remediation techniques already undertaken and field are collected on a Brownfield Database. This tool combined with data obtained from additional drill- ter at the former wood preservation plant brown- to elaborate documents focusing on data obtained from will support the Municipality of Solec with the manage- ing, results of geophysical analysis and tests with field. Information obtained from laboratory analy- the performed monitoring: six measurement campaigns ment of the brownfield. carbon nano-particles. The analyses, carried out in ses contributed to identify an innovative and sus- for groundwater and two campaigns for soil, aimed at a specialised laboratory, provided valuable infor- tainable solution in neutralising pollutants below determining the concentrations of PAH and BTEX, were Local meetings were organized with inhabitants and mation for the target area and also allowed for the the groundwater level. carried out by drilling wells and piezometers to calculate stakeholders to involve them in the delivery of the Pilot determining of the location, span and thickness of the inflow and outflow of groundwater. Action. a passive nano-carbon barrier for improving reme- diation interventions. The Municipality of Solec Kujawski, active on the Bydgo- The results received from the samples uptake allowed szcz-Toruń FUA, focused its Pilot Action on the area formerly for the preparation of a report on possible remediation used as a wood preservation plant close to the city centre. improvement. The analysis will directly contribute to 42 GreenerSites Final Publication 4. Pilot Actions 43

monitoring operations. The Guidelines include recom- mendations and concrete proposals for the designation City of Bydgoszcz Best practice of areas subject to groundwater monitoring, including: Testing specific contaminants in order to assess the type and quantity of samples, methodology, scope of health risks for inhabitants analytical tests, frequency of sampling, presentation of monitoring results, estimation of costs and time plan. The The best practice consists in assessing the impact purpose of the planned monitoring will be the ongoing ob- of the former chemical plant on a nearby residen- servation of the inflow of groundwater pollution migrat- tial area. ing from former “Zachem” towards the Łęgnowo - Wieś estate, as demonstrated by impact assessments on the The City of Bydgoszcz developed a soil sampling residents and the deterioration of the quality of soil and plan of the residential area in order to assess the water environments. health risk for local inhabitants. The sampling plan was developed in compliance with national regu- At the same time, circa 500 ground samples were collect- lations, taking into account cartographic data and ed from inhabited areas in order to complement the data the findings of previous investigations. The res- for risk analysis. Health risk analysis was implemented idential area (31.1 ha) was divided into 20 sam- with the aim of analysing the potential negative health pling sections taking into account the location of effects that may occur as a result of exposure to harmful groundwater pollution clouds and a topographic re- substances present in the environmental media of soil in lief. The location of 9 bore-holes were determined residential areas. with the coordinates representing the central points of the selected plots. Substances for health All pilot activities were carried out with the involvement risk analysis were selected by assigning appropriate of the most important local stakeholders: RDOŚ Regional sources and types of pollution to each cloud. There 4.8. The City of Bydgoszcz completed its investigation on the Directorate of Environmental Protection, WIOŚ Regional are only a few laboratories that test site specific The City of Bydgoszcz Pilot Action status of the ground and groundwater contamination Inspectorate for Environmental Protection, SANEPID Dis- contaminants in ground and groundwater. There Investigation on groundwater on the site of the former chemical factory and on the trict Sanitary and Epidemiological Station, MWIK Munici- are also no defined levels in most of the European contamination in Bydgoszcz neighbouring area of Legnowo. A report assessing the en- pal Waterworks, AGH University, Inhabitants of Łęgnowo. countries. In Bydgoszcz, a pilot site with organic in- vironmental conditions is now available. gredients were tested: Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Phenol, Aniline, components BTEX (Benzene, Tol- The City of Bydgoszcz investigated the environ- Initially, the City of Bydogoszcz made an inventory of the uene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene), Diphenyl sulfone, mental risks associated with the contamination existing piezometers (observation holes). Following this, Chloroaniline, Epichlorohydrin, Hydroxybiphenyl, brought on by the Zachem former chemical fac- 15 piezometers were drilled and soil and water samples Nitrobenzene or total of nitro compounds, Octyl- tory as well as its impact on inhabited areas with were chemically tested. Analyses results showed that in phenol, Toluenediamine, Toluidine, total PAH, total the aim of assessing the risk to human health and each of the piezometers the first aquifer was contaminat- AOX and PCE and TCE. the drafting of guidelines for future monitoring ed by toxic organic and inorganic compounds. operations. The city prepared a Conceptual site model to define the groundwater flow and migration of contaminants to the The City of Bydgoszcz, active on the Bydgoszcz-Toruń inhabited area. As a result of the simulation, the time of FUA, focused its Pilot Action on the area of the “Zachem” groundwater flow was calculated from 19 pollution out- Chemical Plant, located in the South-Eastern part of the breaks to an inhabited area. Numerical studies on pollut- city. ants were documented on 60 graphical annexes in time steps ranging from +25 years for sulphates and chlorides, The Pilot Action was aimed at assessing the environmen- to +50 years for organic compounds. The analyses show tal risk associated with the contamination brought on by that the area of contamination will gradually expand to- the former chemical factory as well as its impact on the wards the inhabited area of Łęgnowo. Based on previous neighbouring area. studies, it was possible to draft the Guidelines for future 44 GreenerSites Final Publication 4. Pilot Actions 45

Municipality of Celje Best practice 4.9. Three different methods for the remediation of Testing alternative solutions through site re- The Municipality of Celje Pilot Action contaminated soil were successfully tested in the mediation Three different remediation Old Cinkarna site next to the Municipality of Celje, methods tested in Celje with the purpose of establishing the most effective The following key local stakeholders were involved in the There are cases, such as the Stara Cinkarna brown- one in terms of costs and environmental impact. This implementation of the Pilot Action: Ministry of the Envi- field in Celje, in which trying to ensure a complete included: ronment and Spatial Planning, national and local non-gov- cleaning of the site is practically impossible, espe- The Municipality of Celje successfully tested three „„remediation through immobilization ernmental institutions, local public service providers. cially when considering the necessary amount of different methods for the remediation of con- „„remediation with cold recycling time, money, and the technical difficulties. In such taminated soil in sites in Old Cinkarna, with the „„preparation of a suitable mixture of organic-mineral cases, the risk is that, due to the complexity of the purpose of establishing the most effective one in substrate required procedures, nothing is finalised and the terms of costs and environmental impact. site remains as it is. The tested methods proved to be effective and useful in the pilot area, to the extent that the local community On the contrary, the Celje Pilot Action demonstrat- The Municipality of Celje, active on the Municipality of intends to develop and urbanise in the future. ed that there are environmentally friendly and Celje FUA, focused its Pilot Action on the area of the Old cost-effective methods that can be used to de- Cinkarna brownfield site, located in the city. The results from the tests were collected in a Tech- crease the impact of brownfields on the environ- nical publication which is a sort of guide for public ment and ensure future use of the location. Three The Pilot Action aimed at addressing the following employees and other professionals on how to manage different cost and environmentally effective reme- needs and goals: a specific soil contamination problem. In addition, the diation methods have been tested and validated in „„To gain substantial information about soil and ground- Municipality elaborated the Protocol for the dispos- the Stara Cinkarna brownfield: water contamination al of non-hazardous waste, focusing on excavations 1. Remediation with calcareous paper ash „„To test the effectiveness and cost of selected decon- in the FUA area and in the area of Stara Cinkarna. It 2. Remediation with cold recycling tamination methods is such a Protocol that establishes organizational and 3. Preparation of a suitable mixture of orga- „„To provide a protocol procedure for dealing with technical measures for the proper handling of these no-mineral substrate non-hazardous brownfield waste types of waste. 46 GreenerSites Final Publication 4. Pilot Actions 47

Port of Rijeka Authority and City of Rijeka Best practice Constitution of the Local Action Group

The City of Rijeka and the Port of Rijeka Authority established a Local Action Group in Rijeka togeth- er with local stakeholders with the aim of finding a means of cooperation in the redevelopment of 4.10. These Pilot Actions were aimed at addressing the need The first phase of the pilot action consisted in a study the area of the ex-industrial zone Mlaka. The Lo- The Port of Rijeka Authority and to rehabilitate this brownfield, in order to offer the of the environmental conditions of the area. The result cal Action Group was formally established in 2017 the City of Rijeka Pilot Actions chance of creating access to the sea for the population was a detailed Report on the environmental status of in Rijeka. 9 different organizations, both private Development measures for the harbour of Rijeka, and so significantly improving the coastal as- the harbour area, with a focus on air quality. Based on and public, have been involved in the LAG by sign- brownfield in Rijeka pect of the city. this report it was possible to elaborate the Study on the ing a Cooperation Agreement. The Petroleum Port possible future uses of the area. area has long been economically abandoned. Local Pilot activities were aimed at monitoring the environ- and national authorities have recognized the im- In close synergy and through the constitution of mental performance of the refinery and its possible im- The study is in full accordance with the port’s Develop- portance of recovering this area. The port and the a Local Action Group, the Port of Rjieka Authority provements to safeguard the security of the Functional ment Plan and in respect of its transport and technolog- surrounding land are spatially and well positioned and the City of Rijeka monitored the environmen- Urban Area inhabitants. ical properties, limitations and market circumstances. for sea and land traffic and offer great potential tal status of the area and analysed its possible fu- In addition, the Study proposes measures for the envi- for economic progress in the city of Rijeka and Cro- ture use focusing on spatial planning, urban devel- To carry out the related activities, it was necessary to ronmental rehabilitation of the area, stemming from the atia. The GreenerSites project has contributed by opment, social features, in order to safeguard the strongly engage the key territorial stakeholders and to analyses of sea water, marine sediment, animal commu- providing information and making the stakeholders security and the quality of life of its inhabitants. cooperate with the City of Rijeka from the beginning, nities, soil and air. aware of the importance and possibilities of revi- something achieved with the constitution of a Local ac- talizing this valuable area. For the first time all tion group. The local action group was composed of rep- The main findings from the research activities were col- stakeholders at local and national level are organ- The Port of Rijeka Authority and the City of Rijeka, joint- resentatives of utility societies, companies who deal with lected in a report with proposed measures for rehabilita- ized into a local group and therefore show motiva- ly developed their Pilot Actions in the area of the Old INA the prevention and sanitation of pollution, as well as en- tion that was presented at a national conference in order tion in taking the necessary steps for the rehabili- Refinery inside the harbour area. ergy agencies and institutions responsible for controlling to gain further input and follow up from stakeholders. tation of the area even after the formal conclusion the health conditions in the country. of the GreenerSites project. 5. Common transferability Manual 49

5. Common transferability Manual The Roadmap from Brownfields to GreenerSites In the perspective of achieving a better environmental The challenging GreenerSites experience can be sum- management of brownfields, the partners jointly imple- marised in the following PHASES: mented an experimental process to define strategies “Be inspired by our experience” and actions based on a sustainable integrated approach. 1. Developing an Integrated Knowledge Framework The collaboration in advancing the environmental per- 2. Developing Capacity Building programs formance of brownfields had the ultimate goal of also 3. Testing, evaluating and scaling up solutions enhancing the living conditions of the citizens. 4. Planning strategic actions 5. Promoting a shared governance for a long-term sus- Adopting a step by step approach towards a sustainable re- tainable development generation of brownfield sites started with the involvement of stakeholders and a state-of-the-art assessment to evolve Furthermore, the project defined also a scale-up strategy the Knowledge framework. Following this, and having un- in order to ensure that the consequent phase of Realiza- derstood the gaps to be overcome, a capacity building pro- tion (n. 6 in the figure enclosed) could be implemented cess took place to expand the skills of interested parties and that the brownfields would become and would actu- that have been up to that point involved in a co-planning ally be managed as “GreenerSites”. process. Finally, strategic action plans have been arranged and stakeholders invited to sign a Memorandum of Under- standing towards a long-term regeneration goal.

The GreenerSites project developed a PROCESS to pro- vide the stakeholders, the experts and the decision mak- ers involved in the rehabilitation of brownfields with tools and the potential to better manage the regeneration, tackle environmental issues and confront socio-econom- ic concerns affecting the Functional Urban Areas (FUA). The Process tested in the pilot areas demonstrated the importance of the involvement of all interested parties in building both an Integrated Knowledge System and a Shared Governance, as well as the project strived for in increasing collaboration, innovation and smart solutions.

List of abbreviations AF Application Form DSS Decision Support System FUA Functional Urban Areas GIS Geographic Information System LWT Local Working Table MoU Memorandum of Understanding PAs Pilot Actions SAP Strategic Action Plans IKF Integrated Knowledge Framework TM Training Materials 50 GreenerSites Final Publication 5. Common transferability Manual 51

the roadmap

stakeholders

Consultation Learning Participation

Phase 2 knowledge f r a o d capacity building m u e t t ew o a c Phase 6

sharing information r o g m e rk lu a tin g

t Realizing and managing e a n s i v e G r e e n e r s i t e s p l a nnin g s g n Greenfield a

Brownfield o s Analysis p i ti s

s testing solutions Reports c

y a a l n a d Improving knowledge n strategic a Phase 3 Phase 4

Phase 1 needs

Investigation Learning Co-Planning Shared Governance

experts Phase 5 52 GreenerSites Final Publication 5. Common transferability Manual 53

5.1. Phase 1 Developing an Integrated a. involving relevant stakeholders for the sharing Knowledge Framework of knowledge the integrated knowledge framework b. integrating studies and analysis A comprehensive and Integrated Knowledge Framework c. creating a collaborative GIS Tool is a precondition to ensure the awareness of any decision- d. promoting IKS as a Decision Support System al process and the effectiveness of subsequent planning activities. It means that choices must be based on stud- ies and research, on in-depth investigations, on a broad A. Involving the relevant stakeholders implied de- frame of data and on a set of valid indicators capable of veloping some tasks before, during and after the meet- Stakeholders table integrated Panel of Experts representing the complex situation of both the FUA and ings with the interested parties. First it was important to Build a GIS tool for Data sharing Share data knowledge the brownfields. map stakeholders on the basis of their capacity to influ- arrange literature review Provide information ence the process of remediation and regeneration, taking framework Develop analysis and studies Combining diverse sources of data with different know- into account decisional power, knowledge and interest. Collect practices how detected by a wide group of stakeholders ranging Once the most relevant actors were identified, they were from owners, public authorities, environmental agencies, encouraged to take part in the local working TABLEs, es- research institutes, business support organizations and tablished with the purpose of exchanging knowledge and private companies is not an easy task; still it is recom- sharing strategies for long term sustainable development Decisional support system for a mended in order to take advantage of ITC Tools to create of sites. SHARED GOVERNANCE an Integrated Knowledge Framework, while ensuring the awareness contribution of all interested parties. Meetings, workshops and site visits were organized to help maintain the stakeholders’ participation: they rep- The engagement of stakeholders and experts in Greener- resented crucial and vital interaction tools. Sites was essential to building the Integrated Knowledge In the GreenerSites project we experienced the impor- Framework (IKF) and to achieving long-term sustainability. tance of planning participation, tracking and sharing the B. Integrating studies and analysis required the In order to evaluate knowledge gaps, experts proceeded by: next steps of cooperation, but most of all, we under- contribution of a PANEL of EXPERTs. ††collecting quantitative and qualitative data from The stakeholders collaborated and took part in about 60 stood the relevance of giving value to all contributions existing instruments (such as remediation & master meetings throughout the project duration. Participation received. With the purpose of improving the scientific and techni- plans, sustainability & green strategies, monitoring represented an effective means of increasing awareness cal knowledge, experts were invited to help in: systems already in place) regarding environmen- about the importance of exchanging data and informa- After the meeting we encouraged the stakeholders’ col- „„investigating existing studies and research tal and socio-economic status, infrastructure, legal tion among involved institutions. laboration and contribution by sharing working table re- „„evaluating knowledge gaps framework, remediation measures; Experts were engaged in order to elaborate both an in- sults, including minutes, pictures, slides, position papers, „„developing a comprehensive analysis of the state of ††monitoring and understanding of the systems already depth analysis and a literature review; they have also reports, and useful materials to follow up on. play in place, being aware that it is difficult to have a co-operated to create a GIS tool. detailed picture of the sites due to National regu- Both stakeholders and experts contributed to building an We invited relevant stakeholders depending on the focus More details: lations, the fragmentary inventory of contaminated Integrated Knowledge Framework (IKF), essential for the point of each meeting, as planning the participation for In order to investigate existing studies and research, ex- areas, data collection and accessibility: it was not optimisation of the decisional procedures and the plan- each one was strategic for its effectiveness. Thematic perts proceeded by: clear who collects and provides specific data (public ning activities. workshops involving only interested stakeholders were ††analysing sustainable approaches and tools in brown- bodies, private owners etc.). integral to the achievement of both objectives: field regeneration and reactivation in order to draw a The process developed to build the IKF comprised the fol- ††building a common integrated framework picture of the status of urban/peri-urban brownfield In order to develop a comprehensive analysis, experts lowing STEPS: ††strategically co-planning the actions for regeneration moving towards a more sustainable and integrated proceeded by: and remediation. approach to environmental management of brown- ††elaborating an in-depth and comprehensive analysis fields; trying to get an accurate picture of the contaminated ††develop a literature review and collecting good areas in the region and /or FUA, focusing on the main practices. environmental concerns resulting from current or past industrial activities, as well as on the status of remediation processes and the sustainable remedia- tion techniques already experimented; 54 GreenerSites Final Publication 5. Common transferability Manual 55

D. Promoting Integrated Knowledge System IKS Managing the process of brownfield rehabilitation, with The structure for analysis as a Decision Support System represented an important the wider goal of regenerating the FUA still in mind, step of the GreenerSites process. It implied one side fos- requires the capacity to deal with a large sphere of in- tering the long-term updating process and the other side terventions which range from the very technological as- Localization and description of the FUA • Air quality environmental concerns raising awareness of the importance of taking decisions pects, to environmental, social and economic concerns. the territorial context • Superficial water and groundwater quality • Soil quality based on knowledge. Public employees involved in brownfield management do Mapping Brownfields • Natural heritage (potential impact on) not need to be specialists on all of these topics, but need • Land consumption in urban areas Ensuring a long-term updating of the Integrated Knowl- to acquire the capacity to interact with all professionals Historical background edge System implied: and the understanding of their different technical lan- • Population (potential impact on) †† Environmental status & critical aspects • Employment situation Increasing the awareness of the importance of build- guages. the assessment • Economic development ing a shared integrated knowledge system among Socio-economic status • Production activities stakeholders and decision makers; The training modules defined and issued in the Green- Infrastructure, logistics, legal constraints • Waste water treatment plants ††Stimulating the continuous exchange of knowledge by erSites project also addressed other targets involved in • Waste treatment plants • Power plants involving relevant stakeholders in a shared manage- the overall strategic plan. By means of tailored training Main challenges identified • Transport connections (roads, railway, ment process; courses, officers of the public territorial authorities, the airports, ports and harbours) the conclusion First indications to brownfield • Legislation (environmental, urban, public ††Preparing and disseminating a tutorial explaining how FUA stakeholders and the brownfield interested parties environmental management works, etc.) and planning instruments the IKS and related GIS can be updated; had the chance to improve their expertise in planning and • Ownership ††Ensuring training on web GIS development. managing brownfield regeneration in a sustainable way.

Raising awareness and promoting the IKS as a DSS, im- The process developed in the GreenerSites project to plied at least: develop capacity building programs comprised the fol- ††including the GIS tool in the agenda of the local work- lowing STEPS: ††describing the FUA territorial context, by map- for web services based on the INSPIRE directive. It has ing table with stakeholders, and showing interested ping related brownfield, indicating their geographic been designed as a ready-to-use application, even if it parties how to manage information; a. Analysing gaps and training needs boundaries, specifying proximity to inhabited areas may require some technical operation preconditions as ††explaining the data and contents that can be obtained b. Developing a tailored training program includ- and detecting the main environmental concerns; well as specific administration competencies; the Green- by using the IKS to decision makers and planners; ing site visits ††assessing the socio-economic and environmental erSites GIS tool allows data storing and sharing and it ††preparing and disseminating a tutorial to explain how c. Evaluating effectiveness and impact of training frameworks; could be used up to this point for supporting analysis, to benefit from the IKS. ††identifying the main challenges and detecting the implementing interventions, decision-making and mar- first indications of a more sustainable approach to keting purposes. A. Analysing gaps and learning needs of employ- brownfield environmental management; ees of local institutions and their stakeholders meant ††arranging a summary overview of key findings to share The Web GIS tool is not conceived as a centrally operat- 5.2. Phase 2 Developing Capacity identifying the competences to be reinforced in order to with interested parties. ed application and database. It is developed to be used Building programs better manage a brownfield rehabilitation process and to locally and it can be operated openly or solely internally improve the effectiveness of environmental measures to with the intranet of a specific institution. Brownfield management is a complex process that re- be undertaken in the FUAs. C. Creating a collaborative GIS Tool meant provid- quires different skills and expertise and is most of all a ing partners’ institutions and their stakeholders involved The GIS tool ensures that data concerning the pilot areas continuous update of competences. In the GreenerSites In the GreenerSites project, we arranged a questionnaire in the brownfield rehabilitation process with a collabora- can be integrated both from public institutions manag- project, a training program for public employees was de- to detect participants needs and to understand the inter- tive platform to share DATA. ing the tool (top down) and from interested economic veloped, taking into account the gaps observed during ests of the targets in the local context. The figure here- and social parties (bottom up). Developing and keeping it phase 1 and considering stakeholders’ needs. after provides a synthetic view of the questionnaire used. The Web GIS developed by the GreenerSites project up to date could help planners, institutions and decision partners is an application based on open source technol- makers to better use available data, tackle environmen- The training programme was tailored to both target ogies. The system included basic maps and orthophotos, tal problems and manage the site in a more effective and groups and the features of the sites, thus having to be ca- as well as selected thematic maps and other geodata as sustainable way. Conceiving the web GIS as a smart open pable of providing participants with tools to better tackle required by each specific project. The tool met with OCG system should facilitate the sharing of datasets detected brownfield management issues. (Open Geospatial Consortium) standards and has been by different organizations and should ease its ability to thereby fully interoperable with the common interfaces constantly update. 56 GreenerSites Final Publication 5. Common transferability Manual 57

Questionnaire to analyse gaps and needs Questionnaire to evaluate the satisfaction of participants

Evaluation of results of training on sustainable remediation What kind of remediation technologies would be What institution do you represent? Would you like to know more about General satisfaction the most interesting to you (if any)? availability of brownfield data? • the training on sustainable remediation met my expectations/needs ANSWER • I gained useful knowledge and information • Strongly agree • I will be able to apply such knowledge and information to my work • options appraisal • somewhat agree What information would be the most helpful Yes / No/ I don’t know • The presentation on. “topic” by Mr/Mrs ……. was useful and interesting • undecided/neutral • monitored natural attenuation regarding sustainable brownfield renewal? • somewhat disagree • permeable reactive barriers • I gained lots of information from the site visit, it was very interesting to see the site “…..” • Time allocated was adequate to the contents • strongly disagree • air sparging / soil vapour extraction • No Answer What kind of remediation phase interests you • The training materials were useful and well prepared • legal responsibilities associated with brownfields • ex situ and in situ bioremediation the most? • permits associated with brownfield renewal • stabilisation / solidification • assessment of ground and ground water contamination • chemical oxidation • methods of probing • soil washing Evaluation of results of training on Greenersites GIS TOOL • thermal desorption • planning: evaluation concept, sustainable remediation • planning the remediation General satisfaction • all remediation technologies concept, stakeholder • most efficient remediation methods • the training on the GreenerSites web gis tool met my expectations/needs? • Please list any other remediation methods you might • involvement, ANSWER • economics, calculation of remediation costs • I gained useful knowledge and information? be interested in: • investigation • Strongly agree • risk assessment • remedy options, selection of remedy methods, • I will be able to apply such knowledge and information to my work • somewhat agree • waste management in brownfield remediation remedy construction, • The presentation on. “topic” by Mr/Mrs ……. was useful and interesting • undecided/neutral • monitoring of ground and ground water • somewhat disagree What aspects of historical contamination would • operation and maintenance • I gain lots of information from site visit, it was very interesting to see the site “…..” • funding sources for brownfield renewal be interesting to you? • Time allocated was adequate to contents • strongly disagree • monitoring, optimisation and closeup • No Answer • social aspects of brownfield remediation • The training materials were useful and well prepared • financial and fiscal measures for brownfield redevelopment • how to identify historical contamination • institutional governance of the rehabilitation process • the legal aspects of historical contamination Evaluation of general organization issues • environmental rehabilitation measures • the obligation of the owners of the land with historical • Please list any other topic you deem to be important contamination How do you reckon the training organisation? ANSWER • none How do you reckon the technical appliances used during the training? • Very good • Good How do you reckon the site visit to the site “….”? • Satisfactory How do you reckon the meeting organisation in …. ? • Poor Please add any comments regarding the expectation from local training here • No Answer

B. Developing a tailored training program implied: The training program developed in the GreenerSites For a successful outcome to the visits, it was important C. Evaluating the impact of training measures ††identifying topics for training on the basis of: the project included formal classroom activities, workshops to plan the details with hosts and participants, as well implied: outcomes of the questionnaire, the comprehensive and non-formal training initiatives, such as study visits to as to prepare questions for hosts, stakeholders, peers or ††measuring the knowledge acquired after the training, analysis and the IKS updating requirements, as well as selected remediated sites in Europe. experts in advance, thus enabling the discussion and the ††assessing the satisfaction of participants; taking into account the FUA regeneration objectives; peer learning process during the site visit. ††evaluating the impact of the training in terms of ††selecting and inviting target participants among public The study visits were a very effective training approach expertise acquired and changes of attitude or way of environment bodies, environment units in companies, as it engaged participants and allowed them to learn from Furthermore, a dynamic and interactive event where vis- working. owners of brownfields, NGOs in areas of environmen- peers. A sound organization of the study visit required the itors learned from the hosts by means of short presenta- tal protection, individuals dealing with brownfields; selection of the appropriate sites to be visited: the sites tions and peer-to-peer discussions proved to be an effec- To measure the knowledge acquired varied on the basis of ††identifying professional trainers, and sharing with had to have similar characteristics and environmental tive way of facilitating the exchange of experience and training that was issued, while both the evaluation of sat- them the scope of the capacity building process and concerns, as well as having to pose comparable socie- knowledge. After the study visits, all participants were isfaction and the assessment of impact have been jointly asking them for advice regarding training materials; tal challenges. Additionally, the sites to be visited could invited to fill in a reporting form and to provide their undertaken. ††organizing training sessions at local level (adopting be chosen as best case examples, notably a place where feedback on lessons learnt, and so contributing to the formal and non-formal approaches to courses; solutions were successfully carried out. elaboration of a comprehensive joint training report with Participants’ satisfaction has been analysed by means ††sharing the training materials within the community the purpose of it all being shared with other colleagues of a questionnaire launched the day after the training of relevant stakeholders, addressing in particular and relevant stakeholders that didn’t have the chance to event (summarized in the figure above). The impact of those not in attendance to the training courses to take part. the training measures was verified at a later stage by help disseminate the tools. checking participants’ capacities to integrate the IKS and to strategically plan actions. 58 GreenerSites Final Publication 5. Common transferability Manual 59

5.3. Phase 3 Testing solutions B. Developing and Monitoring the PAs required ††Impact/ results/ experience (how many target The evaluation of different Pilot Actions, shared by the the adoption of a Quality Management Scheme based on groups/ stakeholders were reached, pilot events) GreenerSites project has been carried out in order to In the GreenerSites project, the Pilot Actions (PAs) rep- a PDCA cycle (Plan, Do, Check, Act), where the phase ††Contribution to project objectives homogenize the data and the information collected in resented a milestone of the developed process, allowing of Planning is followed by the phase of Doing, which is ††Transnational added value as to how PA contributed to different pilot areas. We adopted the following tools: specific challenges to be tackled, as well as the investiga- then accompanied by a continuous monitoring known as other activities implemented by the project & added ††A Results-Oriented-Monitoring (ROM) review; tion of certain critical aspects on brownfield management Checking, enabling the detection of problems in due time value for partners ††A final evaluation questionnaire; and the testing of solutions on the basis of recognized to finally Act with the necessary corrections and the vital ††Compliance with the sustainability principles ††A dialogic session with Pilot Action stakeholders. best practices in the concerned sectors and disciplines. corrective actions to obtain the right improvement to an ††Media coverage undergoing ACTION. In particular, the Results-Oriented-Monitoring (ROM) has The Pilot Actions developed offered the chance for part- been developed on the basis of a structured methodology ners and stakeholders to test the integration of tech- Monitoring Pilot Actions is something to be done during C. Evaluating results, is a more important task in of co-funded project review. In monitoring context, it pro- nological solutions focusing on different aspects of the each phase’s implementation and it is important to de- comparison to monitoring due to a long-term perspective vides a brief snapshot of the implementation of an inter- brownfield rehabilitation process. sign a monitoring system in advance to reduce the risk of in ensuring the scale up of the pilot action. Evaluation vention at a given moment, considering five dimensions: gathering data in a non-effective manner. should engage the local players actually involved in the ††The relevance and quality of project design: the The process developed in the GreenerSites project to Pilot Actions. It is important to encourage the Stakehold- appropriateness of a project’s objectives to the real test solutions entailed the following STEPS: The Monitoring & Evaluation Plan developed in the ers to critically assess the effectiveness of the pilot ac- problems, needs and priorities of its target groups/ GreenerSites project was arranged with the following tion by judging its relevance, impacts and effects. beneficiaries and the quality of the design through a) Comparing best practices against challenges purposes: which these objectives are to be reached; and select PA „„A documentary to describe what happens during the The evaluation is executed with a participatory dialogic ††The efficiency of implementation: how well means/ b) Developing and Monitoring the PAs PA implementation; and reflective approach in order to better analyse lessons inputs and activities were converted into results; c) Evaluating results for scaling up „„For assessment purposes, to verify strengths and learned by all the interested parties, improve the process ††The effectiveness of the actions carried out: the weaknesses of the Pilot Actions and whether their in the long term, and transfer know-how and practices, contribution made by the project’s results to the objectives and expected results have been achieved while steering towards both a more effective strategic achievement of its overall purpose; A. Comparing best practices against any foreseen in terms of fulfilment, effectiveness, sustainability planning process and a more sustainable management of ††Project impact: the project’s contribution to the challenges implied: and impact; brownfield. Overall Objective; ††detecting, in collaboration with stakeholders, the „„As a formative means to provide recommendations ††Project sustainability: the likelihood of a continua- main challenge and summarizing it in a very short but and appropriate adjustments in order to improve the The evaluation activities aim at: tion in the stream of benefits produced by the project comprehensive text to be shared and approved by the quality of the following strategic action plan. ††establishing recommendations and lessons learned in after the period of external support has ended. interested parties; order to improve the quality of further Actions and ††inviting a panel of experts to identify the best prac- At the end of the pilot actions, the partners elaborated plans; The ROM is synthetically showed in the following figures: tices existing in the sector and in the disciplines a report sharing the outcome of the pilot action. For this ††suggesting, wherever necessary and within an effec- capable of facing the challenge detected; purpose, they adopted the following common structure: tive timeframe, appropriate adjustments to the ††providing stakeholders, managers and planners with ††Pilot Action Title Actions and the integration of solutions; a selection of the most innovative solutions that can ††Place/area of PA implementation ††verifying the strengths and weaknesses of local pro- be tested at the site, taking into account socio-en- ††Duration of PA implementation jects and whether their objectives and expected vironmental and economic features. In this way, by ††Costs related to PA results have been achieved in terms of fulfilment, comparing challenges and Good Practices the deci- ††Background and challenges faced effectiveness, sustainability and impact; sion makers can define the PA to be implemented at ††PA objectives ††providing an argumentative assessment at the end of the site, as well as how they can adopt related mon- ††Activities carried out the Pilot Actions regarding the achievement of results itoring schemes to take control in both advancement ††Technical specifications and solutions tested and objectives. and potential impacts. 60 GreenerSites Final Publication 5. Common transferability Manual 61

5.4. Phase 4 A. Selecting Actions to be included in the SAP first Evaluating Effectiveness of pilot actions Planning strategic actions required the selection of the decisional method. As- suming that it must be based on knowledge, the meth- RELEVANCE: ACHIEVENESS OF OBJECTIVES Strategic Action Plans (SAPs) in the GreenerSites project od adopted to indicate and decide which actions should Explain your represented concrete tools to tackling complex issues in be included in the strategic plan with a certain priority Level of pilot action contribution to >>> GENERAL OBJECTIVE 1 2 3 4 5 answer giving Describe actions reasons for the and provide both FUA and related brownfields. may vary. assigned score evidence to it Stakeholders were continually involved and requested to In the GreenerSites project, we experimented with the collaborate to find and adopt common solutions to envi- following: ronmental, economic and social concerns in brownfields. ††Pragmatic approach: an approach based on the out- The challenge was to identify, plan and schedule the most come of the pilot actions and adopted with the spe- Explain your Describe actions answer giving suitable actions that, according to each stakeholders’ cific purpose of ensuring follow up and improvement; Level of pilot action contribution to >>> SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES 1 2 3 4 5 and provide reasons for the evidence to it experience, could increase the effectiveness of environ- ††Capacity building approach: ensuring a continuous assigned score mental management and economic development of the improvement of expertise necessary for the manage- brownfield sites in the overall Functional Urban Area. ment of the sites and their remediation, the approach is based on human and knowledge capitals more than The strategic action planning process started by answer- on structural assets; IMPACT: MOST SIGNIFICANT CHANGES ing the following questions ††Operational approach: ensuring the unbiased selec- „„What is the current situation? tion of actions on the basis of a prioritization pro- If you consider the effects produced by the Pilot Action, which are the most significant changes observed in the „„What are our goals? cess. Among the operational methods available in local context of intervention? „„How will we achieve our goals? literature, the AHP originally developed by Thomas Please specify the changes in three periods: at the end of the project; after short time (expectation) and long „„How can we measure progress? L. Saaty (1977), can be applied to ranking actions time (possible permanent changes). within GreenerSites SAP. Actually AHP is a participa- It was necessary to take into account tory decisional support system capable of comparing „„the analysis of the state of the art; alternatives and prioritizing actions against criteria Relevant changes Relevant expected changes Possible permanent changes „„the outcomes of the pilot actions; and sub-criteria with different weights in the deci- (at the end of the project) (short term) (long term) „„the results of the consultation of stakeholders sional process, as described in the figure. „„the contribution of the participatory processes „„and, in case of scarce resources, the impacts/effects of Strategic Action Plan Approaches IMPACT: STRENGHTS, WEAKNESSES AND LESSIONS LEARNED alternative actions a)…. 1. STRENGTHS If you think about activities developed in these months, could you help us to identify b)…. In such a complex context, the main STRENGTHS of the Pilot Action? the perspective of driving Pilot Pilot Pilot SAP c)…. Action Action Action Pragmatic approach . the overall regeneration a)…. of brownfields meant that 2. WEAKNESSES b)…. If you think about activities developed in these months, could you help us to identify it was crucial to engage the main WEAKNESSES of the Pilot Action? c)…. the relevant stakeholders Capacity building approach SAP to develop the following 3. LESSIONS LEARNED a)…. STEPS: What are the lessons learned that your organization brings home from the project? b)…. What did your organization learn from the participation to the project that will be useful for future applications? c)…. a) Selecting actions AHP a)…. to be included Operational approach SAP 4. SUGGESTIONS b)…. in the SAP Do you have any proposals or suggestions regarding the prosecution of the project as b) Elaborating the SAP a whole? c)….

62 GreenerSites Final Publication 5. Common transferability Manual 63

A. Promoting a Memorandum of Understanding B. Defining procedures for governance development Strategic Action Plan Structure represented a way of ensuring continuity to PA results, was a pre-condition to supporting the long-term regener- scaling up related outputs and developing the SAP. ation process. A joint arrangement of specific procedures Introduction PART B (for each Action) Strategic Action n ….. and measures was recommended in order to reinforce the Scope Context of the Action It is important to engage stakeholders in sharing fol- institutional, economic, social and environmental overall The context: FUA and Brownfields Problem addressed low-up measures before arranging the MoU. sustainability. The participatory Process Objectives The methodological approach to select actions Participatory and Management Model (who does what) The stakeholders’ tables, activated during the prelimi- Procedures have been shared and agreed with different nary stages of the project, were kept active and effec- governance levels, committed to the drawing up of spe- PART A Executive summary Planning of activities (timeline) tively engaged both in the implementation and evalua- cific financial strategies to ensure necessary resources to Brief description of Strategic Action 1 Financing tion phases in order to strengthen the stakeholders’ com- brownfield redevelopment and to test innovative techni- Brief description of Strategic Action 2 Progress of Implementation and Monitoring mitment. cal solutions to environmental problems.

Brief description of Strategic Action 3 References A common understanding of the environmental concerns, Brief description of Strategic Action n Bibliography, Good Practices, PAs, Web Links, Annexes a mutual acknowledgement of socio-economic issues and a joint recognition of gaps allowed interested partners 5.6. The process in a “snapshot” to sign the Memorandum of Understanding and agree for a long-term cooperation in the brownfield regeneration The following figure provides a snapshot of the approach B. Elaborating the SAP meant organizing the con- 5.5. Phase 5 process also at FUA level followed at each stage of the GreenerSites process. tents using a structure capable of providing targets with Promoting a shared governance overall scope and relevance, a description of resource schedules and finance and references. In the GreenerSi- Establishing and developing a shared governance is a tes project, we adopted the following scheme organized huge challenge that must be taken into account to ensure into four main chapters. the scaling up of pilot actions, the long-term impact of phases and main steps ††Introduction: including a general presentation of the the action plan and the effect of the regeneration strate- C considered area, the outcomes of pilot actions and gy. Without the collaboration and the commitment of the Developing an Integrated Knowledge Framework (IKF) GIS o Involving stakeholders for the sharing of knowledge; improving knowledge through literature review, experimental solutions tested; specifying the process interested parties, the risk of failure increases. A partic- r

studies and analysis; developing a GIS tool; promoting the IKF as a DSS; ensuring long-term updating e

of key stakeholders involvement and the outcomes of ipatory process or a stakeholder table are not enough to Developing Capacity Building programs TM p

consultation of local players; describing the method- establish an effective shared governance, but they are a r

Identifying gaps in managers, practitioners, and interested parties; designing and issuing capacity building o ological approach adopted for selecting the relevant very good starting point. programs tailored to their needs; providing training materials j action(s) included in the Strategic Action Plan; e Testing, evaluating and scaling up solutions PA c ††Executive summary of the action(s) strategically The open governance model simultaneously represents a Developing Pilot Actions to test remediation solutions before their inclusion in strategic plans; evaluating t the outcomes to improve the overall strategy of remediation and regeneration identified and planned for an effective management pre-condition and an opportunity that must be undertak- o of brownfield sites; en in order to confront the uncertainty and complexity Planning strategic actions SAP u t ††Detailed description of the action(s), providing details Sharing green vision and elaborating Strategic Actions Plans for a long-term regeneration and a pu t of brownfield rehabilitation. It is for this reason that the sustainable development of the entire FUA about the area of intervention, the analysis of the GreenerSites project has reinforced the need for it and specific problem(s) addressed, describing the spe- enabled the process, aware that it does not simply refer Promoting a shared governance for a long-term sustainable development MOU s Signing a Memorandum of Understanding promoting the collaboration among stakeholders and cific objectives of intervention, the players, roles and to institutional sustainability, but to the overall manage- promoting a shared governance to improve effectiveness, efficiency and quality of management actions timing of activities; identifying the financing sources ment process. Implementing, managing and improving the rehabilitation process and detailing the implementation steps and related Implementing strategic actions and monitoring the progress towards sustainable goals; Ensuring a schedule. The process developed in the GreenerSites project to continuous improvement through a circle process of check, review and upgrading ††References: including external relevant documents build an effective shared governance included the fol- that may be useful for a deeper understanding of the lowing STEPS: topics dealt with in the SAP. a) Promoting a Memorandum of Understanding to strengthen stakeholders’ commitment b) Defining procedures for governance development 6. Conclusions 65

6. Conclusions

Over the last decade the issue of brownfield redevelop- and environmental goals. Such approach relies heavily on ment has more and more evolved towards a question of national and regional governance approach: appropriate strategic land management. legislation, management, financial incentives, etc. This approach directly relates to a real change and com- mitment in ensuring an increase in the quality of life of GreenerSites has delivered tangible and intangible sus- the inhabitants of the involved areas and requires land tainable values to the analysed FUAs creating short and use planning methodologies and tools. long term benefits. The importance of those benefits cannot be assessed over a short term period. The effects However, the need of a more strategic and complex vi- of generating strategies and tools, training sessions and sion still encounters a number of obstacles: regenera- know-how transfer during the course of the project, can tion and reuse of brownfield sites represent crucial is- only be determined over a longer period. The analysis of sues among the environmental challenges addressed by sustainable measures delivered by the project has con- European countries, facing financial, and legal barriers centrated on evaluation of the short-term measures that but also the lack of data and the long-standing need for have been applied and are the results of the pilot actions. stakeholders’ awareness and involvement1. Each of the Pilot Actions had different goals and objec- tives, concentrating on different aspects of sustainability Prevalence of brownfield sites across Europe has directly yet – through knowledge sharing and exchange of know- shown the necessity of strategic actions with the ulti- how – collectively they obtained a much wider perspec- mate goal of sustainable urban development of cities and tive of brownfield management. municipalities. The GreenerSites project has comprehen- sively addressed this challenge by delivering valuable in- Specific aspects of sustainability that were tackled and formation and concrete sets of measures to the institu- applied through the project include: social (improvement tions responsible for the rehabilitation of the brownfield of the quality of life of the local communities, stake- sites. holders’ engagement), economic (activities to trigger investments and grants), environmental (mitigation of The GreenerSites partners believe that a change is need- environmental impact), institutional (sustainable tools ed in the way public authorities deal with the regenera- for brownfield redevelopment). tion of contaminated sites and this change passes through a strategic planning of the actions. We strongly believe that project’s achievements repre- sent an important starting point to find more effective The project has strongly sustained this approach with its ways to meet the complex challenges of brownfield activities and results achieved based on the belief that management to make functional urban areas cleaner, brownfield redevelopment should not concentrate on healthier and more liveable places and pave the way for mere land reuse and its reintegration into an economic a sustainable redevelopment of the sites in the involved cycle but rather should consider more complex aspects territories. that would deliver a combination of social, economic

1 Proceedings from the European Conference “Brownfield development in the EU”, held in Brussels on 5 April 2019 and organized by the European Commission – DG Environment 67

Notes GreenerSites Project www.interreg-central.eu/greenersites www.facebook.com/GreenerSites www.twitter.com/GreenerSites www.linkedin.com/in/GreenerSites

Project duration: June 2016 – July 2019

Contacts City of Venice greenersites@comune.venezia.it [email protected]

Edited By City of Venice EPC srl

Graphics and layout Focus Grafica Servizi di Pietrobon Emanuele

Published in Venice June 2019 TOGETHER WE MAKE BROWNFIELDS GREENER www.interreg-central.eu/greenersites

Institut für Strukturpolitik und Wirtschaftsförderung gemeinnützige Gesellschaft mbH Solec Kujawski City of Rijeka