The French Automotive Industry Analysis and Statistics

The French Automotive Industry 2009 edition Analysis andStatistics The French Automotive Industry CONTENTS europe - france

Editorial 01 Xavier Fels, Chairman of CCFA

A N A L Y S I S A N D H I G H L I G H T S WORLD 04 Production Markets Trade

EUROPE 12

Markets by vehicle type, country, manufacturer, etc. AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH BODIES et leur sécurité (Inrets) Passenger cars in use IN FRANCE Département économie et sociologie des transports (DEST) 2, rue de la Butte-Verte The automotive industry Groupe d’études et de recherches permanent sur l’industrie et les salariés de l’automobile (Gerpisa) 93166 Noisy-le-Grand Cedex Université d’Évry-Val d’Essonne – rue du Facteur-Cheval Tel.: +33 (0)1 45 92 55 00 – Fax: +33 (0)1 45 92 55 01 91025 Evry Cedex www.inrets.fr FRANCE 22 Tel.: +33 (0)1 69 47 78 95 – Fax: +33 (0)1 69 47 78 99 Siège de l’Inrets www.gerpisa.univ-evry.fr 25, avenue François-Mitterrand – Case 24 – 69675 Bron Cedex French manufacturers: facilities, production, markets, Tel.: +33 (0)4 72 14 23 00 – Fax: +33 (0)4 72 37 68 37 Institut français du pétrole (IFP) competitiveness factors of the French automotive industry, 1-4, avenue de Bois-Préau Programme national de recherche New the automotive industry and the financial crisis, etc. 92852 Rueil-Malmaison Cedex et d’innovation dans les transports terrestres (Predit) The industry in France: research and development, Tel.: +33 (0)1 47 52 60 00 – Fax: +33 (0)1 47 52 70 00 Tour Pascal B – 92055 La Défense Cedex www.ifp.fr Tel.: +33 (0)1 40 81 14 17 – Fax: +33 (0)1 40 81 15 22 competitiveness factors, foreign trade, etc. Institut national de recherche sur les transports www.predit.prd.fr New Markets: diesel, body, used cars, French Overseas Departments, etc.

Use: vehicle ownership, traffic and CO2 emissions, domestic transport of passengers and freight, cost of passenger and freight transport, etc. Spending: price indices per mode of transport: travellers and freight, consumption, financing, etc. New Economic impact and employment: distribution, suppliers, etc.

STATISTICS

WORLD 56 In the context of its communication actions, EUROPE 59 CCFA regularly publishes leaflets on various automobile- FRANCE 66 related subjects: press surveys, trend charts, etc.

All these publications can be consulted on our website www.ccfa.fr

This brochure is produced by CCFA, 2 rue de Presbourg, 75008 Paris Telephone: +33 (0)1 49 52 51 00 – Fax: +33 (0)1 47 23 74 73 – Website: www.ccfa.fr – E-mail: [email protected] Design and production: – Illustrations: Fabrice Mathé – Photo credits: Peugeot, Citroën, Renault, Renault Trucks This document is printed on Print Speed Laser paper, certified PEFC (Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification), guaranteeing sustainable management of forests. It was printed on an Imprim’vert printer, signalling a commitment to avoid using toxic products and to secure the collection, storage and

PEFC/10-3-1190 FCBA/08-00860 processing of hazardous products and waste. EDITORIAL “TO WEATHER THE STORM, FRENCH AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS ARE DEALING WITH THE CRISIS BY OFFERING PRODUCTS THAT MEET EXISTING DEMAND, WHICH ARE EFFICIENT IN TERMS OF FUEL CONSUMPTION AND THE FIGHT AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE. THEY ARE PREPARING FOR THE RECOVERY BY CONTINUING, WITHIN THE INDUSTRY, THEIR APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT AND INVESTMENT FOR THE FUTURE.”

Dear Reader,

2008 was marked by the crisis that suddenly and violently hit the world automotive industry. Following a long period of growth since 1998, with particularly strong growth rates between 2003 and 2007, world production of automobiles dropped by 4% in 2008, with a total output of 70 million vehicles. In fact, the size of this drop compared with the year 2007 is not a faithful reﬂection of the brutality of the downturn suffered by the automotive industry in 2008. This year started off quite well, but plummeted by more than 20% in the fourth quarter. All regions of the world were affected: in traditional automobile-manufacturing areas such as the European Union or North America, stability gave way to very considerable drops; in emerging regions, which had seen highly dynamic growth in their automobile production, the pace was considerably slowed, and growth was replaced with stability, or even notable falls in markets with uneven growth. In this context, French automobile manufacturers were quick to react and initially adjusted their output rates. Then, in view of the extent and duration of the complications, they set up more structured plans that aimed to adapt their offer, reduce their costs and optimise the use of their plants. Xavier Fels Chairman of CCFA In France, as in other major automobile-manufacturing countries, considering the importance of the sector both upstream (automobile equipment, as well as other goods and services) and downstream from the network, the State did not hesitate to support the efforts of the automotive industry through a wide-reaching range of support measures. The latter are part of the “automobile pact” which brings together the various players in the sector with the aim of improving their competitiveness in the face of increased international competition. Stress was mainly placed on urgently resolving the ﬁnancial problems generated by the crisis, on the distribution of methods for operational excellence (lean manufacturing) and on stimulating research, which shows a promising future. French automobile manufacturers, represented by CCFA, and their suppliers, brought together under CLIFA (Comité de liaison des fournisseurs de l’automobile - Automobile Supplier Linking Committee), signed a Code of Performance and Best Practices (CPBP) and set up a platform (PFA) that will enable them to increase their cooperation and guarantee the future growth of the industry.

Forecasts of growth for the French automotive industry depend on common factors for industry in general and on other more specific factors. Certain expenses, in particular tax and social security costs, are comparatively higher for companies in France, particularly for manufacturers, creating a handicap for the competitiveness of French production sites. CCFA, alongside the GFI (Groupement des fédérations industrielles – Group of Industrial Federations), expects much from the suppression of the investment-related part of the professional tax. As for the more specific factors for the automotive industry, efforts for expenditure in research and development, which are already considerable (the automotive industry is the leading sector in terms of research and development spending and patent filing in France), must be increased and supported by public program- mes for supporting innovation, such as the Crédit d’impôt Recherche (Research Tax Credit), and by the consolidation of automotive competitiveness clusters, which have already resulted in over a hundred projects.

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS _1

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_01_Edito.indd 1 30/09/09 15:34:53 EDITORIAL

As for the French automotive market, the year-on-year results for 2008 are almost stable compared with the 2007 results for light vehicles, and are slightly up for heavy trucks. In fact, they barely register the contrast between the start and the end of the year. Thus, in the ﬁrst semester, new vehicle registrations were up by 4.5%, and in the second semester they dropped by 6% compared with the same periods of 2007. The annual change of –0.7% can mainly be attributed to the “bonus/malus” system, which stimulated the market. For 2009, good sales performance in the ﬁrst semester owes much to the government scrap incentive, which increased to €1,000 in December 2008. For 2010, close attention must be paid to measures applied when reducing these incentives to prevent a repeat of the drop seen when the incentives were removed in 1997, during the last recession. It should be noted that in France in 2008-2009 demand turned overwhelmingly

to vehicles with low CO2 emissions, bringing about a reduction of 9 grams in the average CO2 emissions per

kilometre driven, against a reduction of only 1 gram in preceding years. The average CO2 emissions of cars sold in France is now 140 g/km meaning that the French market now has, since 2008, the best performance in Europe in this regard, second only to Portugal. Another consequence is that the market share of small vehicles increased and overall household spending on automobile purchases dropped. Commercial vehicles, whether light or heavy, have been greatly affected by the recession. While order books were still relatively full in mid-2008, they have gradually emptied since then, and the outlook for 2009 is dim. The European market, on the other hand, the main outlet for French automobile manufacturers, contracted by 8% in 2008 for passenger cars, with particularly marked drops in countries where French manufacturers are well consolidated (Spain, United Kingdom, Italy). These manufacturers have seen a considerable drop in their sales volumes, but more than one in ﬁve vehicles sold in Europe is still French. For light commercial vehicles, the European market fell by 11% and the market share of French manufacturers rose by one percentage point to 35%. The situation of heavy trucks took longer to deteriorate, and the market only contracted by 0.3% in 2008, although the outlook for 2009 is very gloomy. Outside Europe, the automotive markets, which are mainly original equipment markets, have held better, and the markets of French manufacturers have not been reduced. These regions, which have considerably lower vehicle ownership rates than developed countries, are important potential markets. Both growth and the consolidation of industrial plants are the main strategic goals here. 2008 was also marked by falling rates of car use in many OECD countries. In France, on the one hand, households facing high fuel prices reduced the number of trips they made and, on the other hand, companies hit by reduced business reduced their use of vehicles in the latter months of 2008. This reduction in trafﬁc does not

cast doubt on the current trend towards improving road transport efﬁciency, with lower overall CO2 emissions

each year, and in particular less CO2 per kilometre driven or by tonne transported, in the case of freight. CCFA and its members are making sure these discussions on environmental taxation (energy and climate change levy, sometimes called carbon tax) do not lead to excessive increases on existing fuel taxes, particularly on diesel – which are already higher in France than the European average –, which would thwart this virtuous

movement of energy savings and reductions of CO2 emissions. CCFA naturally works at the core of the automotive sector. At a national level, along with other professional associations (CNPA for distribution and repair, FIEV for equipment manufacturers and CSIAM for imported makes), it is constantly involved in collective discussions and major projects affecting the automotive industry as a whole. With the support of its members, it makes its voice heard in such large business organisations as MEDEF, UIMM and GFI, as well as in specialised organisations such as URF and GERPISA. Internationally, it defends French interests in ACEA and OICA, and contributes actively to the analytical capabilities and statistical data produced by these organisations. I hope that as you read this new edition of “Analysis and Statistics”, you will become aware of our desire to produce quality work, dedicated as it is to provide a better understanding of the automotive market in France and around the world. Please contact us and visit our website (www.ccfa.fr) for further information. We will be happy to help you.

Xavier Fels Chairman of CCFA

2_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_01_Edito.indd 2 30/09/09 15:34:55 THE FRENCH AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS’ ASSOCIATION Comité des Constructeurs Français d’Automobiles (CCFA) is the French automobile manufacturers’ trade association. It has 7 members (Alpine, Automobiles Citroën, Heuliez, Panhard, Automobiles Peugeot, Renault and Renault Trucks) and its mission is to study and defend the business and industrial interests – excluding labour issues – of all French automobile manufacturers at both the national and international levels. CCFA’s activities encompass information, analysis and communication for its members as well as for government agencies, public ofﬁcials, the automotive industry, the media and the general public. Other sectors of the automotive industry – parts and equipment manufacturers, dealers, body manufacturers, etc. – have their own trade associations (FIEV, CNPA, CARCOSERCO, Fédération des industries mécaniques – Mechanical Industry Federation –, Fédération de la plasturgie – Plastics Industry Federation –, etc.). Foreign manufacturers are represented by their own Association (CSIAM). CCFA is associated with Brussels-based ACEA, the European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association. It is also a member of OICA, the International Organisation of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers, which brings together national associations representing the industry from around the world.

Chairman XAVIER FELS Vice chairman LUC BASTARD

International Affairs Communication Economics, Statistics LAURENCE MASSENET FRANÇOIS ROUDIER and Transport PIERRE-LOUIS DEBAR

Taxation/Legal Affairs Road Safety Environmental STÉPHANIE and Technical Affairs HUBERT PERREAU DE SAINT-GERMAIN NICOLAS LE BIGOT

Human Resources Financial Management GUILLAUME JULIEN BILLON DE CUGNAC

1909 The year in which Telephone: 33 1 49 52 51 00 – Fax: 33 1 47 23 74 73 – Website: www.ccfa.fr – E-mail : [email protected] the Chambre syndicale des constructeurs d’automobiles was founded in France

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS _3

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_01_Edito.indd 3 30/09/09 15:34:58 WORLD 2008: THE ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CRISIS ENDED A LONG PERIOD OF GROWTH FOR FRENCH AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS The economic and financial crisis ended a long period of growth for French manufacturers, from 1997 to 2007, marked by a 53% increase in their worldwide production, which is an extra 2.1 million vehicles per year. In 2008, total output dropped 6% to 5.8 million units, a fall that was worsened by a strong desire not to allow stocks to build up at the end of the year, which is when the markets are at their weakest. Since 1997, but especially since 2002, the number of markets for French manufacturers has grown at a constant pace outside Western Europe, with sales rising by over 1.6 million vehicles, accounting for almost five sixths of the total increase in their sales. Areas in which vehicle ownership rates are noticeably lower than in Western Europe are important potential markets where it is essential to consolidate investment in this stormy financial period. Markets in Western Europe, a mature region as regards vehicle ownership, increased their sales by 260,000 units over this period, almost all of which came from the French market, due to increasing foreign competition and a selective sales strategy. French manufacturers have continued to invest in France, as a pledge to the future, for research and development as well as for their plants which, in 2009, in a very difficult context, will produce many renewed models (Peugeot 206+, 3008, 5008, Renault Scénic and, at the end of the year, Citroën C3).

KEY DATA In thousands 1997 2007 2008 Change 2008-2007 Change 2008-1997 World production of French manufacturers 4,046 6,188 5,808 -6.1% 43.6% Passenger cars 3,472 5,301 4,901 -7.5% 41.2% Light commercial vehicles 507 830 847 2.1% 67.0% Total light vehicles 3,979 6,131 5,748 -6.2% 44.4% Heavy trucks (at constant scope) 36 58 60 3.9% 68.4%

Production of French manufacturers in France 2,525 2,573 2,128 -17.3% -15.7% Passenger cars 2,235 2,165 1,758 -18.8% -21.3% Light commercial vehicles 258 352 313 -11.1% 21.6% Total light vehicles 2,493 2,518 2,071 -17.7% -16.9% Heavy trucks 30 55 57 3.1% 92.3%

Automotive exports outside France 2,822 4,697 4,322 -8.0% 53.2% Passenger cars 2,526 4,110 3,737 -9.1% 47.9% Light commercial vehicles 276 549 546 -0.6% 97.7% Total light vehicles 2,802 4,659 4,283 -8.1% 52.8% Heavy trucks 20 38 39 4.6% 100.8%

Automotive exports outside Europe (17 countries) 659 2,154 2,300 6.8% 249.1% Passenger cars 563 1,958 2,056 5.0% 265.4% Light commercial vehicles 88 178 222 24.8% 151.4% Total light vehicles 651 2,136 2,278 6.7% 250.0% Heavy trucks 8 18 22 19.0% 179.5%

Automotive registrations in France 2,068 2,584 2,574 -0.4% 24.4% Passenger cars 1,713 2,065 2,050 -0.7% 19.7% Light commercial vehicles 313 461 460 -0.3% 47.1% Total light vehicles 2,026 2,526 2,511 -0.6% 23.9% Heavy trucks 39,3 52,5 57,5 9.5% 46.4% Coaches and buses 3,1 5,5 5,7 3.0% 81.0%

French-make automotive registrations in Europe (17 countries) 3,300 3,862 3,560 -7.8% 7.9% Passenger cars 2,841 3,137 2,889 -7.9% 1.7% Light commercial vehicles 432 690 633 -8.3% 46.6% Total light vehicles 3,273 3,827 3,522 -8.0% 7.6% Heavy trucks 27 35 37 7.9% 37.0%

4_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_02_Monde.indd 4 30/09/09 15:26:16 WORLD

Units 2007 2008 Change 2008-2007 Market share of French groups (new light vehicles) In France (makes) (in %) 54.4% 55.3% +0.9 points In Europe outside France (in %) 16.9% 16.2% -0.7 points In Europe (in %) 22.7% 22.9% +0.2 points

Market share of French makes (new heavy trucks) In Europe (in %) 9.9% 10.7% +0.8 points

Weight of French manufacturers in world production (PSA Peugeot Citroën, Renault-Dacia-Samsung and Renault Trucks) Passenger cars (in %) 10.0% 9.2% -0.8 points Commercial vehicles (in %) 4.4% 5.1% +0.6 points Total (in %) 8.4% 8.2% -0.3 points

French automobile external trade Exports (in E billions) 51.9 46.6 -10.3% Imports (in E billions) 50.5 49.5 -1.8% Balance (in E billions) 1.4 -3.0 -4.4

Automotive industry contribution to foreign trade goods balance Exports ( in %) 13.1% 11.5% -1.6 points Imports ( in %) 11.1% 10.4% -0.8 points

World key figures for French manufacturers (PSA Peugeot Citroën + Renault) Sales (in E billions) 99.3 92.1 -7.2% Capital expenditure (in E billions) 5.2 5.3 + 1.0% No. of employees (in thousands of people) 338 331 -2.1%

Jobs related to the automotive industry in France Automotive industry (in thousands of people) 257 As a % of the manufacturing and energy industry (in %) 9.5% Total (directly and indirectly related) (in thousands of people) 2,468 As a % of the employed working population (in %) 10%

After several years of steady growth at near 5%, world GDP of French makes (United Kingdom, Italy and Spain). The latter continued to rise by 3% in 2008, thanks to gains in the first have succeeded in maintaining their market shares despite semester, affected by the economic and financial crisis. As increased competition and selective sales strategies. in previous years, growth was stronger in emerging coun- In Eastern Europe, car sales continued to rise thanks to gains tries (Latin America, Asia, Eastern Europe, etc.) than in OECD from growth in the first semester, meeting the demand for car + 44% countries, where it reached 1% in the United States and the ownership. French manufacturers continue to expand both 15 European Union countries, while an annual recession was commercially and industrially in this region and opportunities Increase in world observed in Japan (–1%). should eventually grow. PSA Peugeot Citroën and Mitsubishi production of On an annual average, the prices of raw materials continued to invested in a new plant in Russia, while Renault has develo- French automobile push upwards, notably leading in OECD countries to a reduction ped a strategic partnership with the Russian manufacturer manufacturers since 1997 in purchasing power among consumers, affected by the rising AvtoVAZ. price of fuel, food and housing. The acute upturn of unem- Asia, driven forward mainly by China and the Near & Middle- ployment starting in late 2008 will have had a considerable East countries, continued to enjoy automotive growth, and its impact on consumer confidence in the short term. markets have expanded, although at a slower pace than in In this context, due to worsening economic conditions in the previous years, due to the economic climate. French manu- base market of Western Europe, French automobile manufacturers managed to increase their sales in the region. facturers had to deal not only with consumer decisions about Moreover, the search for investment (PSA Peugeot Citroën what to buy, but also with the rising price of raw materials used for a second plant in China; also Renault in India) should sup- in the manufacturing process and dearer money aggravated port this growth. by the financial crisis and a strong euro, while continuing to Finally, in Latin America, automotive growth continued at a meet the changing requirements of society as a whole, which slower pace, and sales of French makes continued to rise, required considerable spending on research and development. particularly in Brazil. Moreover, this crisis has affected the entire automotive sector, both upstream, including suppliers, and downstream, including vehicle transport and sale/maintenance. In this economic climate, the global automotive market contracted by more than 4%, producing only 68 million vehicles. In Western Europe, automotive markets lost over 8%, with the greatest falls occurring in countries with a strong presence

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS _5

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_02_Monde.indd 5 30/09/09 15:26:17 WORLD WORLD MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION After many years of steady growth (+15 million vehicles between 2000 and 2007), world production of motor vehicles dropped by 4% in 2008, to 70.5 million vehicles. The economic and financial crisis is to blame for the sudden halt in growth. In developed regions, this has resulted in considerable drops in production rates, in NAFTA (–16%), Western Europe (–9%) and South Korea (–7%). Only Japan, thanks to the diversity of its external markets, kept up the pace in 2008 (–0.3%). In emerging countries or regions, currently the main areas for growth in the automotive industry, growth slowed considerably, from more than 20% in 2007 to less than 7% in 2008. Sub-annual data allow us to compare changes in world production, with the first half of the year on track (growth of almost 4% by the end of the first semester), followed by a fall of 2% in the third quarter and a drop of almost 20% in the fourth quarter. Even emergent regions or countries saw their production fall (–12%) in the last quarter.

WORLD MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION

Passenger cars Commercial vehicles Total Change

2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2008-2007 thousands % thousands % thousands % thousands % thousands thousands % Europe 19,331 36.3 18,374 34.9 3,522 17.6 3,397 19.0 22,853 21,771 -4.7 of which: Western Europe 14,216 26.7 12,844 24.4 2,475 12.3 2,326 13.0 16,691 15,170 -9.1 Germany 5,709 10.7 5,527 10.5 504 2.5 514 2.9 6,213 6,041 -2.8 Belgium 790 1.5 680 1.3 45 0.2 44 0.2 834 724 -13.2 Spain 2,196 4.1 1,943 3.7 694 3.5 599 3.3 2,890 2,542 -12.0 France 2,551 4.8 2,146 4.1 465 2.3 423 2.4 3,016 2,569 -14.8 Italy 911 1.7 659 1.3 373 1.9 365 2.0 1,284 1,024 -20.3 United Kingdom 1,535 2.9 1,447 2.7 216 1.1 203 1.1 1,750 1,650 -5.8 Sweden 317 0.6 252 0.5 49 0.2 57 0.3 366 309 -15.6 Central and Eastern 4,479 8.4 4,908 9.3 583 2.9 545 3.0 5,062 5,453 7.7 Europe Turkey 635 1.2 622 1.2 465 2.3 526 2.9 1,099 1,147 4.3

North and South America 9,326 17.5 9,238 17.6 9,828 49.0 7,679 42.9 19,154 16,917 -11.7 of which: NAFTA (1) 6,475 12.2 6,213 11.8 8,979 44.8 6,761 37.8 15,455 12,974 -16.1 South America 2,850 5.4 3,025 5.7 849 4.2 918 5.1 3,699 3,942 6.6

Asia-Pacific 24,213 45.5 24,647 46.8 6,502 32.4 6,610 36.9 30,715 31,256 1.8 of which: Japan 9,945 18.7 9,916 18.8 1,652 8.2 1,647 9.2 11,596 11,564 -0.3 China 6,381 12.0 6,738 12.8 2,501 12.5 2,607 14.6 8,882 9,345 5.2 South Korea 3,723 7.0 3,450 6.6 363 1.8 356 2.0 4,086 3,807 -6.8

Africa 333 0.6 379 0.7 212 1.1 204 1.1 545 583 7.0

TOTAL 53,201 100.0 52,637 100.0 20,065 100.0 17,889 100.0 73,266 70,527 -3.7 Change 2008-2007 -1.1% -10.8% -3.7%

Double counting is eliminated in regional totals. (1) NAFTA: Canada, the United States and Mexico. Sources: CCFA, OICA

In Western Europe, production dropped in 2008 in every In the Americas, while production in the United States and country, from –1% in Portugal to –34% in Austria. In Germany, Canada fell by 19%, it increased in Mexico (+5%), Brazil (+8%) as in Japan, the drop was only –3%, benefiting from gains and Argentina (+10%). As for Asia, the growth of Chinese (+5%), 26% made in the first half of the year. In Belgium, Spain and France, Indian (+3%) and Iranian (+5%) production continued. The Market share of the drop was between –12 and –15%, while it reached –20% largest increases were seen in Malaysia (+20%) and Indonesia the European Union in Italy. On the contrary, production increased in Central (+46%). (27 countries) in and Eastern Europe, in particular in Poland (+20%), Hungary world motor vehicle (+19%) and Russia (+8%). production in 2008

6_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_02_Monde.indd 6 30/09/09 15:26:21 WORLD WORLD MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION Between 2000 and 2008, the global production of motor vehicles (70.5 million) increased by 12 million units, which represents a growth rate of over 20%. In developed countries or regions, production decreased by 4.5 million vehicles to 43.5 million vehicles (–9%), nearly all of this reduction being recorded in 2008. They only account for 62% of global output, 20% less than in 2000. Among these regions, production in North America declined by 4.7 million vehicles and in Western Europe by almost 2 million, while increasing in Japan (+1.4 million vehicles, or +14%) and South Korea (+700,000 vehicles, or +22%), these two countries beneﬁtting from highly favourable exchange rates. In emerging countries or regions, production increased by 15 million vehicles, on the force of the following ﬁve areas: China (+7.3 million), which represented 13% of world production in 2008, against less than 4% in 2000; Turkey and Central and Eastern Europe (+3.5 million and a market share of 9%, against 5%), Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia and Thailand (+2.3 million and a market share of 5% against 2%), South America (+1.9 million and a market share of 6% against 4%) and India (+1.5 million and a market share of 3% against 1%). Overall, the market share of these emerging countries or regions rose from 16% to 37% in this period.

GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF ALL VEHICLES

Developed regions and countries Emerging regions and countries

In thousands In thousands 20,000 20,000

16,000 16,000

12,000 12,000

8,000 8,000

4,000 4,000

0 0 Western Europe NAFTA Japan South Korea China Turkey and South Indonesia, India Central and America Iran, Malaysia 2000 2007 2008 Eastern Europe and Thailand

Sources : CCFA, OICA 2000 2007 2008

EVOLUTION OF MARKETS FOR FRENCH MANUFACTURERS OUTSIDE OF EU-17: ALL VEHICLES

In thousands 1,000 800 37% 600 Market share of emerging regions 400 and countries in world motor vehicle 200 production in 2008 0 Africa Latin America Asia CEEC/CIS, Turkey (incl. Mexico) 2000 2007 2008

Source: CCFA

In this context of changing global production, French manufacturers substantially increased deliveries to these regions. Their deliveries outside EU-17 grew by more than 1.3 million between 2000 and 2008, totalling more than 2.3 million vehicles. Their deliveries increased by nearly 100,000 vehicles in Africa, nearly 300,000 in Latin America including Mexico, 340,000 in Turkey and Central and Eastern European countries and nearly 600,000 in Asia.

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS _7

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_02_Monde.indd 7 30/09/09 15:26:30 WORLD WORLD RANKINGS OF AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS In 2008, the strong drive to reduce stocks among French manufacturers implemented in the fourth quarter (see graphic on page 28) explains their decline in world production. In the ﬁrst three quarters, it had originally increased (3.7% against 1.8% for the world). The production of French manufacturers accounted for 8.2% of world production (9.8% in 2001; 7.3% in 1997). PSA Peugeot Citroën, which continued its globalisation strategy, produced more than 3.3 million vehicles.

GLOBAL PRODUCTION IN THOUSANDS All vehicles (1) Passenger cars Light commercial Heavy trucks (2) Coaches and OF VEHICLES, IN 2008 vehicles (2) buses (2) Toyota-Daihatsu-Hino (3) 1 9,238 7,76 9 1,103 252 115 General Motors (Opel-Vauxhall-GM Daewoo) 2 8,283 6,015 2,230 25 13 Volkswagen Group 3 6,437 6,110 271 46 10 Ford (Volvo cars) 4 5,407 3,347 1,992 69 - Hyundai-Kia 5 4,172 3,746 168 152 106 Honda 6 3,913 3,879 34 - - Nissan 7 3,395 2,789 464 134 8 PSA Peugeot Citroën 8 3,325 2,841 485 - - Suzuki-Maruti 9 2,624 2,306 317 - - Fiat-Iveco-Irisbus 10 2,524 1,849 516 136 23 Renault-Dacia-Samsung 11 2,417 2,048 369 - - Daimler (including Evobus and Fuso) 12 2,174 1,380 331 395 69 Chrysler 13 1,893 529 1,357 7 - BMW (including Mini) 14 1,440 1,440 - - - Mazda 15 1,349 1,241 106 2 - Mitsubishi 16 1,321 1,187 128 6 - AvtoVAZ 17 802 802 - - - Tata (Telco, Jaguar, Land Rover) 18 798 490 161 128 19 FAW Group (excluding VW, Toyota) 19 638 638 - - - Fuji (Subaru) 20 616 552 64 - - Isuzu 21 539 - 47 488 3 Chana Automobile Liability (excluding Ford) 22 531 531 - - - Dongfeng (excluding PSA, Honda, Kia) 23 489 489 - - - Beijing AIG (excluding Hyundai, Daimler) 24 447 447 - - - Chery Auto 25 351 351 - - - SAIC-Ssangyong-Nanjing (excluding GM, VW) 26 282 282 - - - Volvo-Renault Trucks-Mack-Nissan Diesel 27 249 - 18 219 12 Brilliance (excluding BMW) 28 242 242 - - - Harbin Hafei Automotive 29 227 227 - - - Zhejiang Geely 30 221 221 - - - Anhui Jianghuai Auto 31 208 208 - - - BYD 32 193 193 - - - GAZ 33 187 22 141 24 - Mahindra & Mahindra 34 163 101 62 - - Proton 35 157 157 0 - - Great Wall Motor 36 130 130 - - - Paccar-DAF 37 125 - - 125 - Chongqing Lifan 38 123 123 - - - MAN-ERF-NEOMAN Bus 39 108 - - 101 7 Changhe Aircraft Industrie 40 107 107 - - - China National 41 106 - 106 - - Porsche 42 97 97 - - - LUAZ 43 91 88 2 - - Navistar 44 90 - - 76 14 Scania 45 80 - - 72 8 Shannxi Auto 46 75 75 - - - UAZ 47 72 31 41 - - Total for manufacturers listed 68,456 55,079 10,513 2,456 408 Other manufacturers (China, India, Russia, 2,070 Poland, Turkey, etc.) TOTAL PRODUCTION 70,527 (1) There may be double accounts between manufacturers. (2) Non-standard weight limits. (3) Of which Daihatsu had 921,000 and Hino 106,000. Sources: OICA, CCFA

In the context of a sudden downturn in business during the third Among the Asian manufacturers, Hyundai-Kia (+5%) remains quarter of the year and contrasting evolution between developed in 5th place ahead of Honda, whose production remained sta- regions (–9%) and developing regions (+7%), the variations in ble. While Nissan’s production dropped by 1%, Suzuki-Maruti production per manufacturer were varied. continued to grow (+1%). 8.2% The Toyota Group (–3%), as since 2006, took first place ahead of Most European manufacturers experienced negative growth: General Motors (–11%). Renault (–9% after +7%), BMW (–7%), Fiat (–6%) and PSA Peugeot Market share of The Volkswagen Group (+3%) consolidated its third place in 2007 Citroën (–4%). Daimler’s production, on the other hand, continued French manufacturers ahead of Ford (–9%), whose production no longer includes Jaguar to rise (+4%). in world automobile and Land Rover. production in 2008

8_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_02_Monde.indd 8 30/09/09 15:26:32 WORLD GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE MARKETS The economic and financial crisis in 2008 put an end to a very long succession of years of growth in new vehicle registrations. The latter fell back by 4% to 68 million units, which is only 8 million units more than in 2003 and 10 million more than in 2000. The vigorous growth previously recorded in emerging regions gave way to considerably slower growth rates, or even to stability. The annual results are still positive, thanks to the gains in growth observed at the end of the ﬁrst semester: Central and Eastern Europe (+6%), Asia excluding Japan and South Korea (+7%), South America (+6%) and Africa (=). In major industrialised countries where demand for cars is now mature, the markets plummeted at impressive rates, in particular during the fourth quarter. In NAFTA (USA, Canada and Mexico), sales fell by 16%. In Western Europe, registrations fell by more than 8%. Finally, the Japanese market continued its falling trend (5%) returning to levels it had not seen since the early 1980s.

GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE MARKETS

Passenger cars Commercial vehicles Total Change 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2008-2007 thousands % thousands % thousands % thousands % thousands thousands % EUROPE 19,561 39.5 18,724 38.7 3,466 16.1 3,207 16.4 23,027 21,931 -4.8 of which: Western Europe 14,775 29.8 13,552 28.0 2,451 11.4 2,215 11.3 17,226 15,767 -8.5 Central and Eastern Europe 4,786 9.7 5,171 10.7 1,015 4.7 992 5.1 5,801 6,164 +6.3

AMERICA 12,751 25.8 12,059 24.9 11,071 51.3 8,960 45.9 23,822 21,019 -11.8 of which: NAFTA (1) 9,101 18.4 8,275 17.1 10,201 47.3 7,966 40.8 19,302 16,242 -15.9 USA 7,618 15.4 6,814 14.1 8,842 41.0 6,680 34.2 16,460 13,493 -18.0 South America 3,650 7.4 3,784 7.8 870 4.0 993 5.1 4,520 4,777 +5.7

ASIA-PACIFIC 16,255 32.8 16,678 34.5 6,589 30.5 6,930 35.5 22,844 23,608 +3.3 of which: South Korea 1,040 2.1 1,020 2.1 249 1.2 211 1.1 1,289 1,231 -4.5 Japan 4,326 8.7 4,184 8.6 1,028 4.8 898 4.6 5,354 5,082 -5.1 Other Asia-Pacific 10,890 22.0 11,474 23.7 5,312 24.6 5,821 29.8 16,201 17,295 +6.7

AFRICA 948 1.9 950 2.0 447 2.1 439 2.2 1,395 1,389 -0.4

TOTAL 49,515 100.0 48,411 100.0 21,573 100.0 19,536 100.0 71,089 67,947 -4.4 Change 2008-2007 -2.2% -9.4% -4.4% (1) NAFTA: Canada, the United States and Mexico. Source: CCFA

In the USA, the financial crisis was caused by the high propensity Sales in South Korea dropped by more than 4%, after three of households to consume and, after two years of falling by 3%, consecutive years of growth. the market plummeted by 18%. Growth in the Asia-Pacific region was also boosted by other In Western Europe, the market only grew in five countries: countries (+7%), including Iran and China, as well as Near & Finland (+12% after –14%), Luxembourg (+3%), Belgium and Middle-East Countries. In China, the market exceeded the Switzerland (+2%) and the Netherlands (+0%). Every other 9-million-unit mark for the first time. Following the considera- 25% country recorded reductions, ranging from –0.4% in France, ble contraction observed in 2006, sales continued to recover in where the results were propped up by the “bonus/malus” Indonesia, exceeding their 2005 levels. Although the Taiwanese Share of 2008 world system, to –30% in Spain. While falls were observed in Austria market continued to drop, the markets in Malaysia and Vietnam sales for Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan and and Germany, the automotive markets collapsed, in addition to experienced growth in excess of 10%. South Korea) in Spain, in the United Kingdom (–11%), Italy (–13%), Denmark, In South America, car ownership is continuing to expand and Norway, Sweden (–15% and –16%) and Ireland (–21%). the market rose by 6% due to substantial increases in Argentina In countries where the economy was mainly credit-based, (8%) and Brazil (15%). In Africa, where volumes are lower, the the reductions were more marked and there is a risk of them markets remained stable: the continuing decline observed in lasting longer. South Africa, the continent’s largest market, was offset by In Japan, sales returned to similar levels as in the early 1980s, growing sales in North African countries and Egypt. with 5.1 million vehicles sold (–5%).

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS _9

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_02_Monde.indd 9 30/09/09 15:26:35 WORLD TRENDS IN PRODUCTION AND TRADE AMONG THE THREE LEADING GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE REGIONS In 2008, the European Union (27 countries) remained an open market with continuing growth in exports, especially to Asian countries. Japan is now the second producer. As in previous years, exports increased (except NAFTA and EU -27 in 2008), offsetting the ongoing downward trend of the domestic market. The share of exports in production thus rose from 44 % to 58% between 2000 and 2008. Imports still only account for fewer than 5% of total car registrations. In the USA and Canada, production, which is mainly aimed at the local market, suffered the consequences of the drop in the market associated with the ﬁnancial and economic crisis. Imports, which have been growing for a long time to meet the demand of the largest market in the world, were less affected than local production in 2008.

TRENDS IN PRODUCTION AND TRADE AMONG THE THREE LEADING GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE REGIONS

European Union (1) USA and Canada (3) Japan PASSENGER CARS PRODUCTION in thousands index (100=1990) in thousands index (100=1990) in thousands indice (100=1990) 1970 9,876 78 7,474 105 3,179 33 1980 10,166 80 7,196 101 7,038 72 1990 12,726 100 7,150 100 9,753 100 2000 14,779 116 7,092 99 8,359 86 2008 15,947 125 4,972 70 9,916 102 IMPORTS (2) in thousands % of total in thousands % of total in thousands % of total 1970 1481%1,46420%191% 1980 800 8% 2,713 38% 46 1% 1990 1,495 12% 3,029 42% 186 2% 2000 2,629 18% 2,225 31% 268 3% 2008 2,250 14% 2,578 52% 201 2% EXPORTS (2) in thousands % of total in thousands % of total in thousands % of total 1970 2,397 24% 49 1% 726 23% 1980 1,973 19% 107 1% 3,947 56% 1990 1,732 14% 288 4% 4,482 46% 2000 2,715 18% 1,130 16% 3,796 45% 2008 3,750 24% 1,000 20% 5,915 60%

COMMERCIAL VEHICLES PRODUCTION in thousands index in thousands index in thousands indice 1970 1,180 74 1,734 38 2,110 60 1980 1,600 100 2,138 47 4,005 113 1990 1,598 100 4,553 100 3,539 100 2000 2,327 146 8,669 190 1,782 50 2008 2,485 156 5,811 128 1,647 47 IMPORTS (2) in thousands % of total in thousands % of total in thousands % of total 1970 47 3% 0 0% 1980 101 6% 125 6% 1 0% 1990 258 16% 399 9% 1 0% 2000 242 10% 915 11% 8 0% 2008 430 17% 1,249 21% 2 0% EXPORTS (2) in thousands % of total in thousands % of total in thousands % of total 1970 64 4% 361 17% 1980 362 23% 114 5% 2,020 50% 1990 179 11% 32 1% 1,349 38% 2000 248 11% 339 4% 659 37% 2008 360 14% 210 4% 812 49%

(1) The number of countries included in the “European Union” corresponds to the number of member countries in the year in question. (2) Trade within the EU not included. (3) Source: Ward’s Automotive Reports as of 1999. – Sources: Eurostat, CCFA since 1991.

Trends in the three leading global automotive markets have continued to rise, were better able to resist than local production contrasted sharply since 1990. in 2008. As for exports, they have quadrupled since 1990, but still account for just 11% of production compared with 22% for the 58% In the European Union (currently 27 countries), vehicle production European Union and 58% for Japan. has grown by 29% (despite the 7% drop in 2008) while an already Percentage of vehicles high trade performance has continued to expand and is now posting Finally, in Japan, vehicle production fell by 13% due to the shrin- manufactured for export a surplus of well over one million vehicles. king domestic market. After declining over the decade up to 2001, in Japan in 2008 which was 29% lower than the 1990 level, exports have increased Output in the United States and Canada appears to have dropped by substantially as the yen has weakened, and are now more than 8% over the same period, following the 19% fall recorded in 2008. 15% higher than in 1990. Japanese manufacturers have also opened Imports, which were already substantial in 1990 and subsequently a number of production plants overseas.

10_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_02_Monde.indd 10 30/09/09 15:26:37 WORLD GLOBAL TRADE IN AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS According to the World Trade Organisation, worldwide trade in automotive products grew sharply in 2007: +16% to 1,183 billion dollars. This trade accounted for 9% of global goods exports and 12% of global manufactured product exports. Trade in automotive products within regions rose 15% to more than 760 billion dollars or 64% of global trade in these products. There are, however, strong disparities between different regions. In North America (including Mexico) and Europe (excluding the Community of Independent States) the share is 80%, while in South America it is 64% (8 points up from 2006) and in Asia-Paciﬁc just over 20%. Trade between regions rose 18% to just under 430 billion dollars: new markets have opened up, including the CIS, South America, the Middle East and Africa. Asia-Paciﬁc remains the major global contributor to increasing trade between regions; this increase accounted for three quarters of the overall increase in Asian exports in 2007.

GLOBAL TRADE IN AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS Exports (FOB) / Imports (CIF) to/from leading global automotive markets In US$ billions ZONES World USA and Canada, later European Union (2) Japan Other countries North America (1 COUNTRY EXP. IMP. Balance E X P. IM P. Balance E X P. IM P. Balance E X P. IM P. Balance E X P. IM P. Balance USA 1990 32.6 78.5 -46.0 19.5 27.7 -8.2 2.9 11.5 -8.6 1.5 30.1 -28.6 8.6 9.2 -0.5 2000 67.2 170.2 -103.0 38.2 58.8 -20.5 6.3 28.9 -22.6 2.7 44.5 -41.8 19.9 38.0 -18.1 2007 108.8 220.8 -112.0 68.6 99.8 -31.2 16.8 43.5 -26.7 1.7 56.5 -54.9 21.7 20.9 0.8 CANADA 1990 28.4 24.6 3.8 27.8 18.9 8.9 0.1 1.0 -0.9 0.1 3.5 -3.4 0.5 1.3 -0.8 2000 60.7 46.3 14.4 59.2 37.6 21.6 0.3 1.7 -1.4 0.1 3.5 -3.4 1.1 3.6 -2.4 2007 65.8 66.8 -0.9 63.9 53.8 10.1 0.5 4.0 -3.4 0.0 6.1 -6.0 1.4 3.0 -1.6 EUROPEAN UNION (2) 1990 159.5 138.1 21.4 12.4 2.3 10.1 109.4 103.7 5.7 5.2 12.6 -7.4 32.5 19.5 13.0 2000 270.1 231.4 38.7 27.4 5.6 21.9 186.7 186.7 0.0 5.9 14.8 -8.9 50.1 24.3 25.8 2007 635.5 543.1 92.4 53.6 15.9 37.7 466.3 466.3 0.0 8.5 26.3 -17.8 107.2 34.6 72.6 GERMANY (3) 1990 68.8 30.3 38.6 8.9 0.9 8.0 39.6 20.2 19.4 4.2 5.2 -1.0 16.1 4.0 12.1 2000 92.2 42.2 49.9 16.6 1.8 14.8 51.0 26.3 24.7 3.9 3.4 0.5 20.6 10.8 9.8 2007 216.3 91.7 124.6 FRANCE (3) 1990 26.2 21.6 4.6 1.1 0.4 0.7 19.3 18.5 0.8 0.2 0.9 -0.7 5.6 1.8 3.7 2000 39.9 30.5 9.4 0.9 0.4 0.5 31.7 26.3 5.5 0.2 1.2 -1.0 7.0 2.6 4.4 2007 71.1 69.1 2.0 ITALY(3) 1990 13.0 18.1 -5.1 0.9 0.1 0.8 9.4 16.8 -7.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 2.6 1.1 1.5 2000 18.4 25.3 -7.0 0.9 0.2 0.7 13.3 20.3 -7.1 0.3 1.5 -1.3 4.0 3.3 0.7 2007 37.3 53.7 -16.4 JAPAN 1990 66.2 7.3 58.9 34.0 0.9 33.1 11.0 5.8 5.2 21.2 0.6 20.7 2000 88.1 10.0 78.1 47.2 2.3 44.9 13.2 6.0 7.2 27.7 1.6 26.1 2007 158.8 15.4 143.4 65.6 1.7 63.9 25.3 8.9 16.4 68.0 4.8 63.1 SOUTH KOREA 1990 2.3 0.9 1.4 1.6 0.2 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.5 -0.4 0.5 0.1 0.4 2000 15.2 1.8 13.4 6.2 0.3 5.9 3.0 0.4 2.7 0.2 0.7 -0.5 5.8 0.4 5.4 2007 49.5 6.7 42.8 13.2 0.8 12.4 11.0 3.0 8.0 0.5 1.8 -1.3 24.8 1.1 23.7 CHINA (excl. Hong Kong) 2000 1.6 3.8 -2.2 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.2 1.3 -1.1 0.3 1.5 -1.2 0.5 0.4 0.1 2007 23.0 24.0 -1.0 5.9 2.6 3.2 3.4 10.3 -6.9 1.9 8.0 -6.1 11.9 3.1 8.8 BRAZIL 2000 4.7 4.3 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.7 1.4 -0.7 0.0 0.4 -0.4 3.2 2.1 1.1 2007 13.5 8.6 4.9 2.7 1.1 1.7 1.6 2.7 -1.1 0.0 0.8 -0.8 9.2 4.0 5.2 (1) Since 2005, exports to North America mainly target the USA, Canada and Mexico. (2) For comparison, 15 EU countries have been included since 1993, 25 since 2004 and 27 since 2006. (3) Since 2001, CCFA has based its estimates of imports and exports for European Union countries on local customs statistics. The “other countries” total includes countries not included in the three leading markets. Source: GATT/WTO

Between 2006 and 2007, the dollar lost 8% of its value against the The USA remained the world’s largest importer of automotive 64% euro and nearly 3% against the Korean won, while it continued to products, worth 221 billion dollars, with a deficit in automotive gain value (+1%) against the yen. products dropping slightly to 112 billion dollars, or almost 10 billion Share of intraregional trade in global In 2007, Germany was still the largest exporter of automotive pro- dollars a month. automotive industry ducts with an 18% share worth 216 billion dollars. EU-27 automotive exports amounted to 636 billion dollars. Trade products In the world’s second largest market, Japan exported 159 billion within the EU accounted for over 70% of this total. dollars worth of vehicles, 41% of this to North America (47% in France accounted for more than 6% of world exports, worth 2006), creating a trade surplus of 143 billion dollars. 71 billion dollars.

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS _11

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_02_Monde.indd 11 30/09/09 15:26:38 EUROPE NEW PASSENGER CAR REGISTRATIONS BY COUNTRY With 13.6 million new cars registered in Western Europe, the market has contracted sharply compared with 2007 (8.3% or 1.2 million cars). This is the first time since 1997 it has been under 14 million units, equivalent to nearly one fifteenth of the European car fleet. While the market held its own in the first half of 2008 (–3%), it plummeted in the second semester (–15%). The Spanish market fell by 28%, equal to a reduction of more than 450,000 units. In Italy (–13%), the reduction in volume amounted to 330,000 units, and in the United Kingdom (–11%), it was 270,000 units. As for the German market (–2%), it reached its lowest levels since the reunification. Finally, the “bonus/malus” system helped the French market to weather the storm (–1%).

NEW PASSENGER CAR REGISTRATIONS IN EUROPE

In millions of units In thousands of units 15 400 350 14 300 250 254 13 13.6 200 12 150 150 100 140 11 50 111 10 0 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 08 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 08

Sweden Denmark Norway Finland

In millions of units In thousands of units 5 350 300 4 267 250 3.1 213 3 200

2 2.2 150 2.1 152 100 1 1.2 50 0 0 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 08 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 08

Germany France Italy Portugal Greece Ireland United Kingdom Spain

In thousands of units 650 600 588 550 500 500 450 400 350 300 294 250 289 200 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 08

Netherlands Belgium - Luxembourg Switzerland Austria

The European market covers 17 countries (the 15 European Lower oil prices and the expansion of the European Union drove Union countries plus Switzerland and Norway). These coun- strong growth in the automotive market between 1986 and 1989. tries have similar environments and comparable economic This was followed by a period of stability at a high level. Demand conditions. plummeted in 1993, leading to a 16% drop in registrations. It Since 1990, this market has included the former East Germany. subsequently picked up to a steady pace, with registrations -8% In 2006, light commercial vehicles were reclassified as passen- regularly exceeding 14 million units between 1998 and 2007, in ger cars in Spain: on a like-for-like basis, compared with 2005, a more or less favourable economic environment. In 2008, the Drop in new passenger change showed a decline of 1.9% in Spain and an increase of market contracted by 8% due to the international crisis. car registrations in Western Europe in 2008 0.9% in Western Europe.

12_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_03_Europe.indd 12 30/09/09 15:24:16 EUROPE NEW PASSENGER CAR REGISTRATIONS BY GROUP 2008 was marked by a stabilisation in the market share of French groups in the European market, at 21%, after falling for four consecutive years, following a high plateau of 25% between 2001 and 2003. This downward trend, explained by stiff competition, a selective sales strategy and the weakness of the yen, was kept in check by French manufacturers in 2008 with the launch of new vehicles. Six major “generalist” European automakers manufacturing a full line of vehicles each held more than 8% of the market.

MARKET SHARES OF GROUPS (1) IN EUROPE

As a % of the total market As a % of the total market 21% 7% 20.4% 19% 6% 17% 5% 5.6% 15% 4% 13% 13.0% 3% 3.1% 11% 2% 2.3% 9% 7% 8.3% 1% 5% 0% 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 08 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 08

VW Fiat PSA Peugeot Citroën Renault Toyota Group Nissan Hyundai-Kia

As a % of the total market 15%

12% 10.0% 9% 9.5%

6% 5.9% 5.7% 1 in 5 3%

0% new passenger cars sold in Western Europe 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 08 is manufactured by a French group Ford GM Daimler BMW Group

(1) Based on the 2008 scope of consolidation. See page 61 for group definitions.

The Volkswagen Group, with its four main makes, has main- Fiat regained some market share for the third year in a row, tained its position since 1999, and now accounts for more than exceeding its 2002 level with 8.3% (compared with nearly 20% of the market. 12% in 1997 and 15% in 1989). The market share of French automobile manufacturers stopped The Daimler Group consolidated its growth momentum, initiated falling in 2008 to an aggregate 21.3%, similar to their 1997 level, in 1997 by diversifying its range of models; it currently has a after rising above 25% between 2001 and 2003. 5.7% market share. Since 2000, the market share of the Ford group, now without The BMW Group, including the Mini make, continued to expand, Jaguar and Land Rover, is near 10%. It has overtaken General with its market share reaching 5.9%. It surpasses Toyota (now Motors for the first time since 1997 (falling by 0.7 points to including Daihatsu), whose market share, after increasing stea- 9.5 % in 2008). In the mid-1990s, they both had a market share dily from 1995 to 2007, fell by 0.6 points to 5.6%. of over 13% each. Hyundai-Kia saw its market share dip for the third consecutive year, and its market share was 3.1% in 2008, down 0.2 point from 2007.

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS _13

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_03_Europe.indd 13 30/09/09 15:24:20 EUROPE RANGE ANALYSIS IN 2008 In 2007, a new range-based segmentation of the market was introduced, with the aim of eliminating the previous “others” range. “Light vans” such as the Citroën Berlingo have been reclassified in the low range, while other vehicles based on commercial vehicles such as the Renault Trafic have been reallocated. Four-wheel drive vehicles are now classified inside all ranges, from low to mid to high (Peugeot 4007).

Groups Makes Economy Low-mid range High-mid range Premium range and low range C1, C2, C3, Nemo, Xsara, C4, CITROËN C5, C-Crosser C8, C6 Berlingo Jumpy, Jumper PSA PEUGEOT CITROËN 107, 1007, 206, 207, 307, 308, 3008, PEUGEOT 407, 4007 807, 607 Bipper, Partner Expert, Boxer RENAULT Twingo, Clio, Modus, Kangoo Mégane, Master Laguna, Trafic, Koleos Espace, Vel Satis RENAULT GROUP DACIA Logan, Sandero 3, 5, 6, 7 Series BMW 1-Series BMW X3, X5, X6, Z4 MINI Mini (Grand) Voyager, Crossfire, Wrangler, Compass, CHRYSLER-JEEP PT Cruiser 300C, Sebring, Grand Cherokee CHRYSLER Cherokee, Commander DODGE Caliber, Journey, Nitro C, E, S, CL, MERCEDES A, B, Class Vito Viano SL, CLS, SLR, CLK, SLK, DAIMLER R, G, GL, GLK, ML Class SMART Fortwo ALFA ROMEO Mito 147 159, Brera, GT 166, Spider Seicento, Panda, 500, Stilo, Bravo, Multipla, FIAT FIAT Punto, Idea, Sedici, Croma Ulysse Scudo, Ducato Fiorino, Doblo, LANCIA Ypsilon, Musa Phedra, Thesis Ka, Fiesta, Fusion, FORD Focus, Kuga, Transit Mondeo Galaxy, S-Max T. Connect FORD EUROPE S60, S80, V70, C70, VOLVO C30 S40, V50 XC60, XC70, XC90 Lacetti, Nubira, CHEVROLET Aveo, Matiz, Kalos Tacuma Corvette Epica, Captiva Agila, Corsa, Vectra, Insignia, GM EUROPE OPEL Astra, Zafira, Movano Meriva, Tigra, Combo Signum, Antara, Vivaro SAAB 9-3, 9-5 HONDA HONDA Jazz Civic, FR-V Accord, CR-V HYUNDAI Atos, I10, Getz Accent, I30, Coupe, Matrix Sonata, Santa Fe, Tucson Trajet HYUNDAI Rio, Cerato, Magentis, Carnival, KIA Picanto, Soul Sportage Cee’d, Carens Sorento MAZDA MAZDA 2 3, 5, MX5 6 RX8 MITSUBISHI MITSUBISHI Colt Lancer Outlander Grandis, Pajero 350Z, Murano, NISSAN NISSAN Micra, Note Qashqai, X-Trail Pathfinder, Patrol 911, Boxster, Cayman, PORSCHE PORSCHE Cayenne SAIC SSANGYONG Actyon, Kyron Rexton, Stavic SUBARU SUBARU Justy Impreza, Legacy, Forester Alto, Splash, Swift, SUZUKI SUZUKI Grand Vitara SX4, Jimny, Ignis JAGUAR X-Type, S-Type, XJ, XK TATA GROUP LAND ROVER Freelander, Defender Discovery, Range Rover DAIHATSU Cuore, Sirion, Terios TOYOTA LEXUS GS, IS, LS, RX TOYOTA IQ, Aygo, Yaris Corolla, Auris Avensis, Prius, RAV4 Land Cruiser A6, A8, R8, AUDI A3 A4, A5, TT Allroad, Q5, Q7 SEAT Ibiza Cordoba, Leon, Altea Toledo Alhambra VOLKSWAGEN GROUP SKODA Roomster Fabia Octavia Superb Golf, Jetta, Passat, Scirocco, Sharan, Phaeton, VOLKSWAGEN Fox, Polo, Caddy New Beetle, Touran, Eos Tiguan, Transporter Touareg Source: CCFA 41 & 77 Respective numbers of models and body styles offered by French manufacturers

14_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_03_Europe.indd 14 30/09/09 15:24:26 EUROPE BREAKDOWN AND RANKING BY MODEL Five of Europe’s ten top-selling models are Renault, Peugeot or Citroën makes, compared with just two models in the top ten in 1997. In a European market heavily affected by the crisis at the end of 2008, the appeal of the offer of French manufacturers in low-range cars have allowed them to retain their market shares.

RANGES AND BODY STYLES IN 2008 BREAKDOWN OF NEW PASSENGER CAR REGISTRATIONS BY RANGE IN THE 17 COUNTRIES OF WESTERN EUROPE As a % of new registrations Low Low-mid High-mid Premium Others by country range range range range 38.8 40% Germany 28 34 19 18 1 35% 31.6 Austria 32 34 20 14 0 30% Belgium 36 32 17 15 0 25% Denmark 44 29 20 6 0 20% 17 Spain 30 42 18 10 0 15% 12.3 Finland 16 36 33 14 2 10% France 50 32 12 6 0 5% 0.3 Greece 43 30 19 7 0 0% Low Low-mid High-mid Premium Others Ireland 20 38 29 12 1 Italy 59 21 12 8 0 1990 2000 2006 previous scope 2008 Luxembourg 29 32 19 20 0 2006 new scope Netherlands 42 29 19 9 1 Portugal 41 38 13 9 0 United Kingdom 36 33 17 14 0 Sweden 15 29 26 30 0 European Union 15 countries 39 32 17 12 0 Norway 14 30 42 14 0 RANKING OF THE FIFTEEN LEADING MODELS IN 2008 Switzerland 32 27 24 16 0 Models Rank Market share All 17 countries 39 32 17 12 0 Volkswagen Golf 1 3.9% Peugeot 206-207 2 3.3% Ford Focus 3 3.3% Citroën C4-Xsara 4 2.6% Sedans Estates Coupés Cabriolets MPVs Others Opel Corsa 5 2.5% Germany 44 21 2 4 17 12 Renault Clio 6 2.3% Austria 44 17 1 2 22 13 Ford Fiesta 7 2.3% Belgium 48 17 1 3 22 9 Renault Mégane 8 2.3% Denmark 56 23 0 1 15 5 Opel Astra 9 2.2% Spain 67 6 1 1 15 10 Peugeot 307-308 10 2.0% Volkswagen Polo 11 1.9% Finland 48 29 1 0 10 12 Audi A4 12 1.8% France 61 9 1 2 22 6 BMW 3-series 13 1.8% Greece 73 0 1 2 7 16 Volkswagen Passat 14 1.8% Ireland 74 3 1 1 9 12 Fiat Punto 15 1.6% Italy 63 10 1 1 15 10 Citroën C3 1.2% Luxembourg 52 13 4 2 16 14 Renault Twingo 0.9% Netherlands 55 18 1 1 15 10 Citroën C1 0.8% Portugal 61 21 1 2 11 4 Peugeot 107 0.7% United Kingdom 63 8 2 4 15 8 Renault Laguna 0.6% Sweden 38 43 1 1 7 10 Dacia Logan 0.5% European Union 15 countries 57 13 1 3 16 9 Citroën C5 0.5% Norway 36 32 1 1 9 21 Peugeot 407 0.5% Switzerland 41 20 2 4 17 16 Renault Modus 0.5% All 17 countries 56 14 2 3 16 10 Citroën C2 0.4% Source: CCFA Renault Kangoo 0.4% Source: CCFA

In Europe, 71% of new passenger cars are in the low and low- The market share of sedans, although still dominant, has declined mid range. The context of high fuel prices, the application of tax in recent years in favour of estates, MPVs, convertibles, light breaks to more environmentally friendly purchases, as well as a vans and four-wheel drives. Market share has been stable since 39% greater variety of the offer have driven the market towards the 2006, due to the increased share of low-range vehicles, which low range, whose market share rose by two points in 2008. offers more sedans. Market share In the ten years from 1990 to the start of the 2000s, buyers tended However, each European country retains its own features. of the low range to trade down from the high-mid range to the low-mid range Southern Europe continues to prefer low and low-mid range in the European which offers more MPVs. The recent growth in four-wheel drives vehicles, while premium cars and station wagons remain the market in 2008 has slowed this trend down, although its market share dropped most popular choice in Northern Europe. for the first time in 2008.

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS _15

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_03_Europe.indd 15 30/09/09 15:24:27 EUROPE TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEW PASSENGER CARS The proportion of new diesel-powered cars in Europe as a percentage of total registrations grew significantly between 1997 and 2007. The percentage of cars with diesel engines was only 22% in 1997, and reached 53% ten years later. In 2008, it is practically stable compared with the level recorded in 2007. In this market of 7.1 million units, the market share of French manufacturers was 25% in 2008 (23% in 2007, 27% in 2005 and 29% in 2000), or almost 1.8 million new diesel cars. Diesel passenger cars continue to expand in numbers and reached 32% of the ﬂeet in 2008, up 2 points for the sixth year in a row.

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEW PASSENGER CARS DIESEL MARKET SHARE BY COUNTRY IN EUROPE FOR 2008 78.9 Average cylinder Average 4WD Diesel 80% 77.3 69.3 capacity horsepower % % 70% Germany 1,832 96 10.8 44.1 60% 50.7 Austria 1,730 84 14.2 54.6 50% 44.1 43.6 Belgium 1,710 81 6.0 78.9 40% Denmark 1,587 79 2.0 46.2 30% Spain 1,746 86 8.5 69.3 20% Finland 1,815 93 9.4 49.6 10% France 1,611 76 4.6 77.3 0% Germany Belgium Spain France Italy United Kingdom Greece 1,536 11.3 3.6 Ireland 1,623 82 6.6 33.5 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008 Italy 1,547 75 10.1 50.7 Luxembourg 1,938 102 12.0 77.0 Netherlands 1,640 83 5.3 25.1 EUROPEAN DIESEL PASSENGER CAR MARKET Portugal 1,550 76 2.3 69.3 As a % of total registrations United Kingdom 1,743 90 7.9 43.6 52.7% Sweden 1,904 102 13.4 36.2 60%

European Union 15 countries 1,700 85 8.5 52.9 50%

Norway 1,820 91 24.2 72.4 40% Switzerland 1,924 107 24.7 32.3 30% All 17 countries 1,706 86 9.0 52.7 20% Source: CCFA 10% 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

In Europe, the average cylinder capacity and horsepower of The market share of four-wheel drive vehicles dropped to 9% throu- cars vary greatly between countries. They depend mostly on ghout the European market, or 1.2 million units. The per capita rate the economic, tax and geographical conditions of each domestic of ownership varies widely from one country to the next depending market. In 2008, the slow and regular upward trend in power came on national market characteristics. This market share is very high to a halt (increased market share for low-range cars and reduced in Switzerland, Norway and Austria, where mountainous terrain market share for premium ranges). The upward trend in cylinder has fuelled sales of these vehicles. capacity stopped in 2006, due to engine downsizing (identical engine The market share of diesel vehicles in Europe is largely dependent power with less cylinder capacity). on local regulations and tax rules. In a bearish European market in 2008, diesel sales remained stable 1 out of 2 at around 53%. In Belgium, Spain, Luxembourg, Portugal, France new cars registered in and Norway, more than two out of three new cars registered are 2008 in the European diesel. In Germany and Italy, diesel market shares have fallen to market is diesel 44% and 51% respectively. Traditionally unfavourable to diesel, Scandinavian countries have sharply increased their purchase of diesel vehicles, a development mainly attributable to changes in tax regulations. Between 2004 and 2008, sales of diesel cars rose 22 points to 46% in Denmark (+7 points in 2008), 34 points to 50% in Finland (+21 points in 2008), and 28 points to 36% in Sweden (+1 point in 2008). Norway seems to have reached a stable level, after increasing by 46 points from 2004 to 2007; it lost 2 points in 2008.

16_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_03_Europe.indd 16 30/09/09 15:24:37 EUROPE PASSENGER CAR FLEET IN EUROPE In Western Europe as in France, growth in the number of passenger cars in use has been slowing since the end of the 1990s and now stands between 1 and 2% a year. In new EU countries and Turkey, where car ownership is lower, the need for transport is driving a more sustained overall growth in car ownership (5–6%); the demand for lower cost vehicles is met among other solutions by imports of used vehicles. Sales of diesel cars in Western Europe have increased substantially in recent years and diesel cars exceeded 32% of all cars in 2008. Since 2000, the percentage of cars more than ten years old has remained stable in Western Europe at between 32 and 34%; the new car market in Western Europe has turned into a replacement market.

EUROPEAN PASSENGER CAR FLEET DIESEL-POWERED PASSENGER CARS IN WESTERN (EU-15, SWITZERLAND AND NORWAY) EUROPE 17 COUNTRIES

% of total fleet In millions of units 204 32.4% 210 6% 35% 200 5% 30%

190 4% 25% 180 3% 1.7% 20% 170 2% 15% 160 1% 10% 150 0% 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 (1) Growth rate: right-hand scale Fleet

(1) : The change for 2008 was calculated on a like-for-like basis.

PASSENGER CAR FLEET OF THE 12 NEW PASSENGER CARS MORE THAN 10 YEARS OLD EU COUNTRIES AND TURKEY IN WESTERN EUROPE 17 COUNTRIES

In millions of units % of total fleet 45 40.7 7% 40%

38 6% 38%

31 5% 36% 5.3% 32.5% 24 4% 34%

17 3% 32%

10 2% 30% 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Growth rate: right-hand scale Fleet

National sources: statistics organisations, Transport and Interior Ministries, professional sources.

On 1 January 2008, there were 204 million passenger cars in use in Western Europe (15 European Union countries, Switzerland and Norway). The fall since 1 January 2007 can be explained by new accounting rules for cars in Germany; comparing like-for-like, 32% the growth of the fleet can be estimated at 1.7%. Almost 80% of these cars are in the 5 main countries: Germany, Spain, France, Share of diesel in the Italy and the United Kingdom. Although this fleet is growing at Western European close to 1%, the figure is much higher in certain countries, such passenger car fleet in 2008 as Ireland and Greece (5%). The share of diesel cars in this population has been growing by 2 points a year since 2002 and reached 32% in 2008. In four countries, this type of engine is the majority: Austria, Belgium, France and Luxembourg. On the other hand, it is slightly under 25% in Germany and the United Kingdom. In the new EU countries and Turkey, the fleet is now growing by nearer to 5–6%. Growth was 9% in Poland, which accounts for more than a third of this population. On the other hand, growth was lower in the Czech Republic (3–4%) and Slovenia (2–3%), both of which are countries with a higher car density, a higher standard of living and a local automotive industry.

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS _17

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_03_Europe.indd 17 30/09/09 15:24:55 EUROPE NEW LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLES IN EUROPE The European new light commercial vehicle market dropped by 11.4% to 1.8 million new vehicles, after reaching record levels in 2007. French manufacturers saw their sales fall by 8% to 633,000 units, giving them 35% of the market (up 1.2 point). Renovation and the extension of their offer to the small van sector (Citroën Berlingo and Nemo, Peugeot Partner and Bipper and Renault Kangoo) have enabled French manufacturers to gain signiﬁcant market shares, particularly in Belgium (+1.7 point), Spain (+1.8 point), the Netherlands (+2.2 points) and Germany (+1.2 point). In 2009, the international crisis is expected to continue affecting demand for light commercial vehicles.

LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS MARKET SHARE OF LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLES IN EUROPE (17 COUNTRIES) IN REGISTRATIONS OF LIGHT VEHICLES (PASSENGER CARS In millions of units AND LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLES) IN 2008 2.2 2.0 30% 1.8 1.8 1.6 25% 1.4 20% 1.2 1.0 15% 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 (1) 07 08 10%

5% FRENCH MARKET SHARE 0% As a % of the total market 36% Italy 35% Spain 35% Greece Austria Finland Ireland France Norway Germany Belgium Sweden Denmark Portugal 34% Luxembourg Switzerland Netherlands 33% United Kingdom 32% Europe (17 countries) 31% 30% 29% MARKET SHARE OF FRENCH MANUFACTURERS 28% IN MAJOR EUROPEAN COUNTRIES 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 (1) 07 08

50% 46 (1) There was a change of scope in Spain in 2006: 45% see notes on page 61. 42 40% 35% 30% 25% 23 20% 17 19 18 15% 10% 5% 0% Belgium Netherlands Germany Spain (1) Italy United Kingdom

2000 2005 2008

Light commercial vehicles are defined as vehicles with a transport and mobility needs. In 2008, the crisis had a severe gross weight rating of less than five tonnes and which are effect on this market, which returned to similar levels to those designed to carry goods. They are offered in various cate- recorded between 2001 and 2003. 35% gories: commercial vehicles derived from passenger cars, In Spain and Belgium, the market share of French manufactu- light vans, light trucks, large vans, pickups and four-wheel rers exceeded 40% in 2008. Their share was also up on 2000 Share of French drive vehicles. to over 17% and 19% respectively in Germany and Italy, which manufacturers in sales Since tax conditions are not the same in all European coun- have their own light commercial vehicle manufacturers. of light commercial vehicles in Western tries, the share of light commercial vehicles in total light Europe in 2008 vehicles ranged from 7% in Luxembourg and Germany to 21% in Portugal and almost 25% in Norway. For many years, sales of these vehicles have been stimulated by model renewals and the fact that they offer an appropriate response to business

18_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_03_Europe.indd 18 30/09/09 15:25:03 EUROPE THE EUROPEAN HEAVY TRUCK MARKET AND PRODUCTION After four years of growth, the European market for heavy trucks weighing more than 5 tonnes shrunk slightly in 2008 (–0.3%). It rose to 352,000 units (up 18% over 2003), equalling its 2000 level. The market is up around 75% compared with 1993, a bad year for the heavy truck market. 2008 was contrasting, with record levels in the first half (8% up on the previous year) and poorer performance in the second semester, heralding a difficult year for 2009. European heavy truck production rose by 1.9% to nearly 560,000 units, reflecting the high-level stability of the domestic market and the ongoing rise in exports of heavy trucks outside the European Union (15 countries), especially to Eastern Europe and Asia. It was up 46% on 2003.

NEW HEAVY TRUCK REGISTRATIONS THE WESTERN EUROPEAN HEAVY TRUCK MARKET IN EUROPE AND PRODUCTION In thousands of units In thousands of units 2003 2007 2008 Change 380 360 352 2008-2007 340 320 New heavy truck registrations 300 280 5.1t to 15.9t 83 83 80 -2.8% 260 240 16 t and over 214 270 271 0.5% 220 200 TOTAL 298 353 352 -0.3% 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 Heavy truck production 5.1t to 15.9t 102 125 117 -6.5% RENAULT TRUCKS’ MARKET SHARE IN EUROPE 16t and over 279 422 440 4.4%

As a % of the total market TOTAL 381 547 557 1.9% 13% Source: CCFA 12% 11% 11% MARKET SHARE OF RENAULT TRUCKS 10% IN MAJOR EUROPEAN COUNTRIES 9% 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 20% 17 16%

12% 10

8% 7 5 557,000 4 4% 3 New heavy truck 0% production Belgium Netherlands Germany Spain Italy United Kingdom in Western Europe in 2008 (new record) 2000 2005 2008

In Europe, after feeling the effects of the recession between 2001 and 2003, the heavy truck market remained at record levels for the third year in a row, up 18% from its 2003 levels, thanks in part to the upturn in spending and world trade that began in the second half of 2003. Heavy truck investment cycles are relatively long: the peaks in 2000 and 2006 to 2008 were 75% higher than the low point in 1993, representing 150,000 more vehicles.

Demand continued to focus on the 16t-and-over segment, which accounted for 77% of total registrations, including both trucks and road tractors. In this context, Renault Trucks saw registrations rise by 8% in 2008 and its market share consolidated at 11%, above its 1990 level. Renault Trucks’ international expansion continued and its market share in Europe outside France reached 6.2% in 2008, compared with just 5% in 1996.

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS _19

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_03_Europe.indd 19 30/09/09 15:25:15 EUROPE FRENCH AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS IN THE NEW EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES Between 1 May 2004 and 1 January 2007, 12 new countries joined the European Union, shifting its centre of gravity to the East. New markets, such as those of the Community of Independent States and the Balkans now seem closer. French manufacturers have had a commercial presence in this region for a number of years, developing local production plants: PSA Peugeot Citroën in Slovakia, Russia and, in partnership with Toyota, the Czech Republic; Renault in Slovenia, Romania, through the acquisition of Dacia, and Russia (plant and partnership with AvtoVAZ). These industrial plants will enable the two manufacturers to meet demand in these countries, which is set to grow given the low vehicle densities (number of vehicles per 1000 inhabitants) compared with France or Germany. In 2008, the pace of growth in vehicle production slowed considerably (+8% with 3.25 million vehicles). Compared with 2003, the increase in production was almost 2 million vehicles.

MARKET AND VEHICLE PRODUCTION MARKET SHARES OF FRENCH MANUFACTURERS: IN THE MAIN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN NEW LIGHT VEHICLES COUNTRIES

New European Union member countries (1) and Croatia In thousands of units As a % of the total market 60% 2007 2008 Change Vehicle production 50% Passenger cars 2,887 3,103 7.5% 40% Light commercial vehicles 130 131 0.9% 30% Heav y trucks 9.2 19.5 111.1% 20%

New vehicle registrations 10% Passenger cars 1, 292 1,267 -2.0% 0% Light commercial vehicles 198 208 5.0%

Latvia Croatia Hungary Lithuania Estonia Poland Bulgaria H e av y tr u c ks 7.0 67.7 -13.2% Slovakia Slovenia Romania

Czech Republic (1) Excluding Malta and Cyprus. Sources: CCFA, OICA 2003 2007 2008

REGISTRATIONS OF NEW LIGHT VEHICLES MARKET SHARES OF FRENCH MANUFACTURERS: (UP TO 5 T GVWR) NEW HEAVY TRUCKS

In thousands of units As a % of the total market 450,000 15% 400,000 350,000 300,000 10% 250,000 200,000 150,000 5% 100,000 50,000 0 0%

Latvia Latvia Croatia Croatia Estonia Poland Lithuania Estonia Hungary Poland Slovakia Slovenia Hungary Slovenia Slovakia Romania Lithuania Romania

Czech Republic Czech Republic 2003 2007 2008 2003 2007 2008

Although the EU-15 is dominated by replacement demand, locally and, on the other hand, investment flows, including from this is not the case in new and future member states and non-European manufacturers, have materialised. In 2008, as neighbouring countries, where the potential for first-time in previous years, this production was generally in line with car ownership is significantly higher. In 2008, Central and domestic demand in the region, calculated by adding total 1 out Eastern European countries (CEEC) produced close to new vehicle registrations and used vehicle imports. In 2008, 3.2 million vehicles. Unlike Western Europe, their activity has new vehicle sales fell by 1.6%. The results are different for of 4 continued to grow. On the one hand, small cars, in line with each country. Hungary, Romania and the Baltic States have new light vehicles current market trends in Western Europe, are manufactured been affected by the crisis. sold in the major new EU countries is manufactured by a French group

20_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_03_Europe.indd 20 30/09/09 15:25:16 EUROPE THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION In 2006, 2.2 million people worked in the automotive industry industry in the EU-27 in companies with more than 20 employees. Value added per employee ranged from €29,000 a year in the six main new member States (up 9% over 2005) to more than €80,000 in Germany, and nearly the same value in Belgium. In France, this ﬁgure was €61,000, below the European average of €64,000. Per capita personnel costs ranged from less than €11,000 in the six main new member States to €66,000 in Germany; in France they are €50,000, above the European average of €47,000.

THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY IN THE EU-27 IN 2006

Companies with more than 20 employees Units European Germany France 6 main new United Spain Italy Sweden Belgium Union 27 member Kingdom countries States(1) People employed thousands 2,235 840 268 384 178 158 166 86 47 Automotive manufacturing thousands 1,102 497 164 134 79 73 68 48 29 Body and trailer manufacturers thousands 187 40 28 - 23 16 17 9 7 Automotive equipment manufacturing thousands 945 304 76 179 76 69 81 28 11 Sales `millions 780,001 338,016 110,838 62,971 67,599 58,754 58,311 31,028 19,323 Production `millions 689,554 281,629 105,324 62,131 58,091 52,645 50,496 29,029 18,038 Production/Sales % 88.4 83.3 95.0 98.7 85.9 89.6 86.6 93.6 93.4 Value added (to factor costs) `millions 143,992 68,225 16,271 11,188 12,766 9,284 9,264 5,668 3,672 VA/Production % 20.9 24.2 15.4 18.0 22.0 17.6 18.3 19.5 20.4 VA per employee `thousands 64.4 81.2 60.8 29.1 71.5 58.7 55.8 66.0 78.1 Base 100: 6 main new member States 221 279 209 100 246 202 192 227 268 Goods and services purchased `millions 638,400 269,533 93,815 53,102 54,554 50,511 49,561 25,831 15,760 Purchases as a % of output % 92.6 95.7 89.1 85.5 93.9 95.9 98.1 89.0 87.4 Personnel costs `millions 105,316 55,626 13,271 4,231 9,121 5,954 6,478 4,125 2,376 Personnel costs per employee thousands 47.1 66.2 49.6 11.0 51.1 37.6 39.0 48.1 50.5 Base 100: 6 main new member States 428 601 451 100 464 342 354 437 459 Operating cash flow (OCF) `millions 38,675 12,599 3,000 6,958 3,644 3,329 2,786 1,401 1,297 OCF/VA % 26.9 18.5 18.4 62.2 28.5 35.9 30.1 24.7 35.3

(1) Six main new member States: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia. Body and trailer manufacturing employees are included in the figures for vehicle manufacturers. Sources: Eurostat and CCFA estimates.

VALUE ADDED PER EMPLOYEE PERSONNEL COSTS PER EMPLOYEE

In E thousands In E thousands 80 70 EU-27 70 60 60 50 50 EU-27 40 40 30 30 20 20 10 10 0 0 Six main Italy Spain France Sweden United Belgium Germany Six main Italy Spain France Sweden United Belgium Germany new member Kingdom new member Kingdom States (1) States (1)

The automotive industry is a key sector of the European economy, 6 main new member countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, encompassing: Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) grew by 2 points. – automotive manufacturing; The automotive industry differed significantly from country to – body and trailer manufacturing; country in terms of structure and wages. – automotive equipment manufacturing. In Germany, Belgium, France and Sweden, the percentage of 2.2 million The data in the above table come from surveys of national com- employees in the industry involved in automotive manufactu- panies and have been adjusted for consistency by Eurostat. ring was around 60%, compared with 35% in the six main new people were employed Due to difficulties in collecting and standardising statistics at member countries. It was between 41% and 47% in Italy, Spain in the automotive industry both the national and European level, only data up to 2006 were and the United Kingdom. in the EU-27 in 2006 available. Personnel costs per employee ranged from €11,000 in the six In 2006, the European automotive industry employed 2.2 million main new member States to €66,000 in Germany, i.e. six times people, half of them in vehicle manufacturing. Together, Germany higher. and France accounted for more than half of the employees in the industry, with 38% and 12% respectively. With 17% compared with 15% in the two previous years, the share of employees in the

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS _21

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_03_Europe.indd 21 30/09/09 15:25:20 EUROPE - FRANCE FRENCH AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS IN 2008

FRENCH MANUFACTURERS IN 2008

Units PSA Peugeot Renault Citroën Sales ` millions 54,356 37,791 Capital expenditure ` millions 2,094 3,191 Net income ` millions -500 599 Employees No. of people 201,700 129,068 worldwide (1)

Units PSA Peugeot Citroën Renault Automotive activity: Automotive Transport: Financing: Other Eliminations Automotive Financial Eliminations Peugeot and Citroën equipment: Gefco PSA Finance sector sector Faurecia Sales ` millions 41,643 12,011 3,536 2,088 276 -5,198 35,757 2,034 Operating income ` millions -685 -353 127 556 -9 -3 -275 487 Capital ` millions 2,080 14 3,043 152 -4 expenditure (2) Employees No. of people 129,890 58,140 10,060 2,390 1,220 125,992 3,076 worldwide (1)

(1) On 31 December. (2) The capital expenditure given for automotive activities are those for all industrial and commercial activities, excluding financing. Sources: PSA Peugeot Citroën and Renault annual reports.

PSA PEUGEOT CITROËN: www.psa.fr Sandero at a Nissan plant in South Africa, two additional Nissan In 2008, in the context of the crisis from the second semester, the models at the Renault plant in Brazil and a shared platform for PSA Peugeot Citroën Group’s sales fell by 4.9%, which was still the production of two commercial vehicles in Europe), as well slower than the world market, which dropped by 5.4%. Although the as in purchases, logistics, engineering, advanced research and Group maintained its market share in Western Europe in a bearish studies, etc. Moreover, Renault and Nissan electric vehicles will market, opportunities outside this region continued to grow, thanks be equipped with jointly developed batteries. Many projects are to shipments of spare parts. These market opportunities outside under way to develop zero-emission vehicles for the general public: Europe accounted for 36.2% of total sales over 24.9% in 2003. the first agreement protocol was signed in Israel, and others have PSA Peugeot Citroën has become the second largest group (pas- followed around the world: in the USA (Tennessee) and Japan, senger cars & light commercial vehicles) in Europe. It is the world’s including Portugal and Denmark. largest manufacturer of diesel engines. Highly complementary The continuation of the Logan programme and the end of the reno- Peugeot and Citroën products, models in line with demand, a policy vation of the Mégane family (Scénic produced in France) ensure of building cost-reducing platforms and an industrial productiv- Renault has one of the youngest ranges in Europe, which should ity improvement program have helped the Group weather the allow it to overcome the crisis. storm against a background of stiff competition in the European market, rising raw material prices and negative exchange rates RENAULT TRUCKS: www.renault-trucks.com (sterling). Renault Trucks has more than 14,000 employees, including more The international growth strategy was pursued, essentially based than 1,000 in research and development. In addition to industrial on lasting, targeted cooperation with other manufacturers, such as cooperation, synergies within the AB Volvo Group among the four those signed in 2006 with Dongfeng Motor (second largest assembly makes (Renault, Volvo, Mack and Nissan Diesel) have generated plant in China) and, more recently, thanks to increased cooperation significant savings, in particular in the area of purchasing. with Mitsubishi, particularly on electric vehicles. Furthermore, 2008 was contrasting, with record levels in the first half and a the Group has continued to conduct research aimed at reducing second half heralding difficult times for the near future, as for fuel consumption in vehicles. Thus, a new family of small gasoline the entire heavy truck sector. In this context, Renault Trucks has engines will be developed and manufactured by 2011 in France, with consolidated its market share in Europe outside France, increas-

the goal of vehicles emitting under 100 grams of CO2 per kilometre. ing its sales on the international scale, mainly thanks to three Also, the first “pilot” stages in the production of HYbrid4 hybrid regions: the Middle East, Algeria and Tunisia, the Community of technology have been undertaken. 2009 will also be noted for the Independent States and Russia. production launch of many models assembled in France. Starting in 2009, Renault Trucks will be able to use two new sites The continuation of the CAP 2010 plan, defined around four main outside Western Europe: the first following an agreement signed areas (quality, products, competitiveness and international devel- in 2007 with Karsan to assemble several thousand vehicles a year opment), additional measures (CASH 2009) based on stock reduc- in Turkey, and the second resulting from a new Volvo plant open- tion and preservation of funds, as well as sustained commercial ing in Russia. dynamism should allow the Group to hold up in a very difficult Renault Trucks has continued with its capital expenditure: following situation. the successful launch of the Magnum, demand was fuelled by the upcoming implementation of Euro V regulations in October 2009 RENAULT: www.renault.com and Euro VI at the end of 2012, as well as by the implementation of The impact of the crisis has affected Renault sales in the second solutions to reduce fuel consumption in heavy trucks. semester of 2008. While sales declined in Western Europe by 7.2% (less than the market) due to intense competition and a selective HEULIEZ: www.heuliez.com 346,000 sales strategy, they rose by 1.7% elsewhere, accounting for 37% Heuliez expanded its partnership operations with other manufac- of total sales. In addition, counting the sales of Lada, linked to its turers during the year. Body-in-white process and stamped part Worldwide employees 25% interest in the capital of manufacturer AvtoVAZ, will further production capabilities were extended and production of body mod- of French manufacturers increase the internationalisation of the Group. ules was successfully initiated. The business is currently focused In 2006, the “Renault Contrat 2009” plan was implemented, based on two aspects: the assembly of a coupé-convertible for Opel and on three main areas: quality (offer of products and services), profit- the development of electric vehicles. ability (cost management) and growth. In summer 2008, this plan was completed to adapt to the new economic situation, improving stock control and reducing costs. Renault still managed in 2008 to invest 11% of its total sales in spending aimed at preparing for the future. Cooperation with Nissan was strengthened as part of the Alliance. Although Renault delayed its projects to set up plants in Tangiers (Morocco) or froze them in Chennai (India), it also sought new synergies. These can be found on the industrial level (production of the

22_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-22-39.indd 22 30/09/09 15:31:07 EUROPE - FRANCE GLOBAL PRODUCTION SITES OF FRENCH AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS 57 EUROPE French manufacturers’ France Italy production and (1) Aulnay (22) Val di Sangro assembly plants (2) Batilly Portugal worldwide, including (3) Blainville (23) Mangualde 4 under construction (4) Bourg-en-Bresse Czech Republic (5) Cerizay (24) Kolín 7 (6) Dieppe Romania 6 9 (7) Douai (25) Pitesti (Dacia) 11 15 (8) Flins United Kingdom 2 (9) Hordain (26) Luton (General Motors) 3 8 1 (10) Limoges Russia 14 13 16 12 (11) Maubeuge (27) Kalouga (12) Mulhouse (PSA-Mitsubishi) (under construction) 5 (13) Poissy (Volvo Trucks) (14) Rennes (28) Moscow 4 (15) Sandouville Slovakia 10 (16) Sochaux (29) Trnava Spain Slovenia (17) Barcelona (Nissan) (30) Novo Mesto (18) Palencia Turkey (19) Valladolid (31) Bursa (20) Vigo (Tofas) (21) Villaverde (Karsan)

27 27 28 26 24 29 30 25 18 22 20 19 17 31 31 23 21 31 47 43 40 47 47 39 39 42

37 44 46 45

41 48 36 North and South Africa Asia America 35 South Africa China Argentina 34 (38) Rosslyn (Nissan) (42) Wuhan (32) Buenos Aires Morocco South Korea (33) Santa Isabel (39) Casablanca (43) Busan (Renault Brazil (40) Tangiers Samsung Motors) (34) Curitiba (Renault-Nissan) India (35) Porto Real (under construction) 38 (44) Chakan Colombia Nigeria (Renault-Nissan-Bajaj Auto) (under (36) Medellin 32 (41) Kaduna construction) Mexico 33 (45) Chennai (37) Aguascalientes (Renault-Nissan) (under construction) (Nissan) (46) Nahsik Iran (47) Tehran Malaysia (48) Gurun

PSA Peugeot Citroën Renault Sevel Henri Heuliez Group Renault Trucks

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS_23

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-22-39.indd 23 30/09/09 15:31:10 EUROPE - FRANCE WORLD PRODUCTION OF FRENCH AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS Since 2004, annual world production of French automobile manufacturers has been around 6 million; in 2008, it dropped by 6.1% due to the worldwide crisis. However, since 1996, production has increased by 54%, with an annual average of nearly 4% primarily due to expanding markets in Europe outside France but also to new non-European markets. While passenger car production dropped by 7.5% to 4.9 million units, production of light commercial vehicles (+2.1% to 847,000 units) and that of heavy trucks (+3.9% to more than 60,000 units) continued to rise considerably.

PRODUCTION AND ASSEMBLY SITES IN 2008

Group / Make Model Launch Production or assembly sites in 2008 PSA PEUGEOT CITROËN Peugeot 107 2005 Kolín (Czech Rep.) Peugeot 1007 2005 Poissy Peugeot 206 1998 Mulhouse, Argentina, Porto Real (Br), China, Iran Peugeot 207 2006 Poissy, Villaverde (Sp), Trnava (Slovakia) Peugeot 307 2001 Sochaux, Argentina, China Peugeot 308 2007 Mulhouse, Sochaux Peugeot 3008 2009 Sochaux Peugeot 405 1987 Iran Peugeot 406 1995 Nigeria Peugeot 407 2004 Rennes-la-Janais Peugeot 4007 2007 Japan (Mitsubishi) Peugeot 607 2000 Sochaux Peugeot 807 2002 Hordain Peugeot Bipper 2008 Turkey (Tofas) Peugeot Partner 1996 Vigo (Sp), Mangualde (P), Turkey, Argentina, Morocco Peugeot Expert 2007 Hordain Peugeot Boxer 1994-2006 Val di Sangro (I), Porto Real (Br) Citroën C1 2005 Kolín (Czech Rep.) Citroën C2 2003 Aulnay, China Citroën C3 2002 Aulnay, Villaverde (Sp), Porto Real (Br) Citroën Xsara 1997 Rennes-la-Janais, Vigo (Sp), Porto Real (Br), China Citroën ZX 1991 China Citroën C4 2004 Mulhouse, Vigo (Sp), Argentina, China Citroën Xantia 1993 Iran Citroën C5 2001 Rennes-la-Janais Citroën C-Crosser 2007 Japan (Mitsubishi) Citroën C6 2006 Rennes-la-Janais Citroën C8 2002 Hordain Citroën Nemo 2008 Turkey (Tofas) Citroën Berlingo 1996 Vigo (Sp), Mangualde (P), Argentina, Morocco Citroën Jumpy 2007 Hordain Citroën Jumper 1994-2006 Val di Sangro (I), Porto Real (Br)

RENAULT GROUP Renault Twingo 1993-2007 Novo Mesto (Sl), Colombia Renault Clio 1998-2005 Flins, Turkey, Novo Mesto (Sl), Valladolid (Sp), Dieppe, Argentina, Colombia, Mexico Renault Modus 2004 Valladolid (Sp) Renault Logan 2004 Russia, Brazil, Colombia, Iran, India Renault Sandero 2008 Brazil, Colombia Renault Mégane 1995-2002-2008 Douai, Palencia (Sp), Turkey, Brazil, Dieppe, Argentina, Colombia Renault Laguna 2007 Sandouville Renault Vel Satis 2002 Sandouville Renault Espace 2002 Sandouville Renault Kangoo 1997-2007 Maubeuge, Morocco, Argentina, Malaysia Renault Master/Mascott 1997-1999 Batilly, Brazil Renault Trafic II 2001 Luton (UK, GM), Barcelona (Sp, Nissan) Dacia Logan 2004 Pitesti (Romania), Morocco Dacia Sandero 2008 Pitesti (Romania) RSM SM3 2002 Busan (South Korea) RSM SM5 2000 Busan (") RSM QM5 (Koleos) 2007 Busan (") RSM SM7 2004 Busan (")

In 1996, French automobile manufacturers changed the way they This production takes into account the Renault Trafic II, assembled reported output. They began reporting the number of vehicles by GM Europe in the United Kingdom and by Nissan in Spain. In assembled at the rollout location. The concept of KD and CKD addition, the scopes of consolidation have changed (see notes on page 66) units has been abandoned. . 5.8 million vehicles produced by French 24_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES automobile manufacturers worldwide in 2008

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-22-39.indd 24 30/09/09 15:31:10 EUROPE - FRANCE MARKETS FOR NEW FRENCH VEHICLES In 2008, unlike in previous years, domestic markets for French manufacturers grew at a faster rate (+1%) than sales outside France, which have been more heavily affected by the international crisis (–8%). Export markets once again represented three-quarters of the French automobile manufacturers’ sales, compared with two-thirds between 1999 and 2001 and less than 60% in 1990.

WORLD PRODUCTION OF FRENCH VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS EXPORTS OUTSIDE AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS IN FRANCE FRANCE New passenger cars New passenger cars New passenger cars In millions of units In millions of units In millions of units 6 4 5

5 4.9 3 4 4 2.1 3.7 3 2 3

2 1.1 1 2 1

0 0 1 1980 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 2000 02 04 06 08 1980 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 2000 02 04 06 08 1980 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 2000 02 04 06 08 Total registrations French make registrations New light commercial vehicles (up to 5 tons) New light commercial vehicles (up to 5 tons) New light commercial vehicles (up to 5 tons)

In thousands of units In thousands of units In thousands of units 850 500 600 460 750 847 450 546 500 650 400 350 400 550 306 300 300 450 250 350 200 200

250 150 100 1980 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 2000 02 04 06 08 1980 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 2000 02 04 06 08 1980 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 2000 02 04 06 08 Total registrations French make registrations New heavy trucks over 5 tons New heavy trucks over 5 tons New heavy trucks over 5 tons

In thousands of units In thousands of units In thousands of units 90 60 40 58 35 39 76 50

30 62 60 40 25 48 30 20

34 20 19 15

20 10 10 1980 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 2000 02 04 06 08 1980 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 2000 02 04 06 08 1980 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 2000 02 04 06 08 Total registrations French make registrations

From 1997 to 2001, registrations of French vehicles in France From 2006, exports include figures for the Renault Trafic II, and followed a rising trend. An offer that was rich in new models, effi- from 2007, for Renault Samsung Motors. cient and financially advantageous allowed them to gain market share over 1997 figures. The cycle reversed in the period 2002-2007. Exports of passenger cars totalled 3.7 million units, down 9%. 3 out Increased competition and, subsequently, a selective sales strategy While light commercial vehicle exports dropped by 0.6% to nearly implemented by French manufacturers had not allowed them to 550,000 units, heavy truck exports continued to rise at a consider- of 4 consolidate these gains. In 2008, the dynamism of the commercial able rate of 4.6% to 39,400 units. vehicles produced vehicle market and the rich offer of vehicles with low CO2 emissions by French manufacturers, combined with the “bonus/malus” by French manufacturers system, resulted in an increase in sale volumes. are sold abroad

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS_25

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-22-39.indd 25 30/09/09 15:31:12 EUROPE - FRANCE COMPETITIVE FACTORS IN THE FRENCH AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY In an aggressively competitive global market, French automobile manufacturers must be competitive, able to handle factors such as the strong euro, which has hampered French exporters since 2002, and the comparatively larger opening of the base market, which can further hinder international expansion.

EURO EXCHANGE RATE WORLD PRODUCTION OF FRENCH MANUFACTURERS: EVOLUTION COMPARED WITH 1997 1.7 1.5 In thousands of vehicles 1.3 2500 1.1 2000 0.9 1500 0.7 0.5 1000 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 500 In dollars In thousands of won 0 In hundreds of yen In pounds sterling -500 Source: IMF 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 France Outside France Source: CCFA

SHARE OF NON-EUROZONE IN EXTERNAL WORLD MARKETS FOR FRENCH MANUFACTURERS: MARKETS FOR FRENCH MANUFACTURERS EVOLUTION COMPARED WITH 1997

In thousands of vehicles 65% 2000 60% 1750 55% 50% 1500 45% 1250 40% 1000 35% 750 30% 500 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 250 Passenger cars Light commercial vehicles 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Heavy trucks France EU-17 (excluding France) Source: CCFA Outside EU-17 Source: CCFA

58% Non-Eurozone share in external markets of French automobile manufacturers in 2008, up 24 percentage points over 2000 Competitiveness is defined as an industry’s ability to withstand competition and expand in markets. It is relative, in that it is determined in comparison with the other market operators. The French automotive industry must therefore be able to perform on a par with its European, American, Japanese, South Korean and in future Chinese and Indian competitors if it is to continue growing. In addition to problems related to the competitiveness of the economy or industry as a whole (wage, corporate and tax costs), there are competitive factors specific to the French automotive industry, resulting from the properties of the automotive and of the global automotive industry.

One competitive factor that significantly affects the French automotive industry, which sells a large, increasing proportion of its production outside the Eurozone, is exchange rates, which can substantially impact trade.

26_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-22-39.indd 26 30/09/09 15:31:17 EUROPE - FRANCE

Besides, the prices of raw materials denominated in euros have risen substantially since 2001. Passing these price hikes on to consumers is extremely difﬁcult in an environment of aggressive competition and declining purchasing power of households affected by signiﬁcant price increases in a range of areas: food, energy, housing, etc.

SHARE OF FOREIGN MAKES IN PASSENGER CAR PASSENGER CAR PRODUCTION MARKETS

In millions of vehicles 10 60 %

8 50 %

6 40 %

4 30 %

2 20 %

0 10 % 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Japan Germany France South Korea 0 % France EU-15: USA (1) : Japan South Korea (1) USA: market share based on light Sources: OICA, CCFA Japanese and not including vehicles. The Big Three are General Motors, South Korean the Big Three Ford and Chrysler (excluding European makes makes). 2004 2008 Source: CCFA

NEW CAR REGISTRATIONS RAW MATERIAL PRICES IN EUROS

In millions of vehicles Base 100 in 2001 10 350

8 300

6 250 4 200 2 179

150 153 0 140 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 134 Japan Germany France South Korea 100

Source: CCFA 50

Janu. 01 J02 J03 J04 J05 J06 J07 J08 J09

Steel (world price, cold rolled coil) Platinum (USA price) Oil (Rotterdam price) Rubber (Malaysia price)

Since early 2002, the euro’s rise has adversely affected French recorded in the second half of 2008, followed by a slight recovery. exports, forcing automobile manufacturers to bolster their mar- At the start of 2009, rubber was up 79%, oil 53% and steel 34%. keting and production initiatives in order to continue to expand It is difficult to pass price hikes on to consumers in the current their markets outside the Eurozone. climate of stiff competition. This is particularly the case in so- called developed countries in light of the multiple choices made On the other hand, there are factors associated with opening up by households in terms of consumption, which have only been the market, whether internal or external. In general, the internal aggravated by the economic and financial crisis. “base market” acts as a strong foundation for using international development and innovation to drive growth in foreign markets. The French automotive industry’s base market is its domestic and especially European market where there is open competition and where non-European manufacturers have a significant and steadily growing share. In other auto-making countries, market access is more difficult and local manufacturers therefore have a broader base market from which to develop internationally. Finally, raw material prices denominated in euros have contin- +53% ued to increase clearly since the start of 2001, despite the dip Increase since 2001 in the Rotterdam price of a barrel of oil in euros

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS_27

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-22-39.indd 27 30/09/09 15:31:21 EUROPE - FRANCE THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY AND THE CRISIS Automobiles have certain long- and short-term liquidity needs relating to the various stages in their lives: from their design to their sale, passing through the various stages of their production. As a durable good, world sales of automobiles, particularly in OECD countries, have been harshly hit by the ﬁnancial crisis that began in 2007, which was closely followed by an economic crisis. These considerable drops in sales have similar effects on the entire automotive sector in the broad sense. The operating margin of the automotive sector, measured by the INSEE (the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies), should continue to deteriorate in this context, making it more difﬁcult to attract capital investment and conduct research. Government measures (scrap incentives, etc.) support this sector with its particular needs.

OPERATING MARGIN OF THE AUTOMOTIVE SECTOR: NEW HEAVY TRUCK REGISTRATIONS RATIO OF OPERATING CASH FLOW TO VALUE ADDED IN FRANCE (AVERAGE FOR THE LAST SIX MONTHS, (OCF / VA) RAW DATA)

In units 45% 5,500 40% 5,000 35% 30% 4,500 25% 4,000 20% 15% 3,500 10% 3,000 5% 2,500 0% -5% 2,000 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 January 91 J93 J95 J97 J99 J01 J03 J05 J07 J09 Source: INSEE Source: CCFA

YEAR-ON-YEAR CHANGE IN THE PRODUCTION NEW PASSENGER CAR REGISTRATIONS IN FRANCE OF ALL VEHICLES (FOR EACH MONTH, DIFFERENCE WITH THE SAME MONTH IN 1991 TO 1999)

30% 70,000 In units 20% 60,000 10% 50,000 40,000 0% 30,000 Feb. 94 to June 95: Oct. 95 to Sept. 96: government scrap incentive government 20,000 -10% quality incentive 10,000 -20% 0 -30% -10,000 -20,000 -40% -30,000 -50% -40,000 06T1 07T1 08T1 09T1 Jan. 93 Jul. J94 Jul. J95 Jul. J96 Jul. J97 Jul.

World production of French manufacturers Source: CCFA World production Production in emerging regions or countries Production in developed regions or countries

Sources: OICA, CCFA -36% Year-on-year drop in world production The economic and financial crisis has important effects on considerable increase observed between 1997 and 2003, as of vehicles in the first the automotive sector, upstream starting with the suppliers well as the difficulties in passing on rising raw material prices quarter of 2009 and downstream as far as vehicle sales/maintenance, including to consumers can explain the falling operating margins of the freight transport, manufacturers of equipment or services for automotive industry measured by the INSEE. It is important to companies, including research and development. remember that operating cash flow (OCF) and financing are the Liquidity needs can be found at the various stages mentioned. main sources of liquidity for future capital expenditure. From the physical process of manufacturing the vehicle until The consolidation of the market share of French groups in the point of sale, many financing instruments, including loans 2008, in the context of a bearish European market, falling world between companies, are already used. During the sale, house- production of vehicles observed since the last quarter of 2008 holds and companies often use loans to finance this durable and dropping registrations of new heavy trucks in France and good. in Europe signal considerable future drops in sales and most Capital-intensive by nature, the automotive industry requires probably an ongoing contraction of operating margins. considerable physical investments (production sites, etc.), The support measures implemented in many European coun- which are paid off over long periods. Vehicles, during their tries (France, Germany, etc.) can cushion the fall of the market. design and before they are sold, pass through research phases However, as shown by French precedents from the mid-1990s, lasting several years, in a process of permanent progress, in a gradual end to these systems could be designed to try and order mainly to be able to meet the needs of society in terms of avoid a repeat of 1997. safety as well as the environment, such as reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. Research is currently being conducted for applications in the longer term. The falling market share of French manufacturers in the European base market starting in 2004, following the

28_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-22-39.indd 28 30/09/09 15:31:23 EUROPE - FRANCE ECONOMIC RATIOS OF THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY IN FRANCE The automotive industry uses a wide variety of technologies, requiring signiﬁcant investment that accounted for over 16% of all industrial capital expenditure since the beginning of the 2000s. However, this share fell to 10% in 2007, as the Western world’s market for new vehicles stagnated and subsequently plummeted. To address new social and environmental demands, the automotive industry is investing more in intangible assets and R&D (see the following two pages) for which “automotive” competitiveness clusters (Lyon Urban Truck & Bus, Mov’eo, Véhicule du Futur, iDforCAR and Mobilité et Transports Avancés) provide appropriate solutions.

CONTRIBUTION OF THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY TO THE INVESTMENTS OF AUTOMOTIVE MANUFACTURING AND ENERGY SECTOR MANUFACTURING (1)

As a % of sales 18% 8%

16% 6.3 6% 14% 5.3 5.2 5.2

12% 4% 3.8 3.5 3.0 10% 9.9% 2.8 9.5% 2% 8% 8.5%

6% 0% 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08

Value added No. of employees Investments in fixed capital

EMPLOYEES IN AUTOMOTIVE MANUFACTURING (1) DOMESTIC AND EXPORT SALES BY THE AUTOMOTIVE MANUFACTURING In thousands of jobs 350 INDUSTRY (1)

In billions of 1990 euros 300 90 80 250 70 60 200 50 163 40 150 30 20 100 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 0 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

VALUE ADDED OF AUTOMOTIVE (1) CCFA estimates for 2008: see also pages 72 and 73. MANUFACTURING (1) In thousands of 1990 euros per employee 80

70 63 60 60 58 56 53 9.5% 50 49 49 49 Contribution of the

40 40 automotive industry to the number of employees in the

30 manufacturing and energy 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 02 04 03 06 07 08 industry in 2007 in France according to the SESSI

Every year, the statistics office of the French State Secretariat for Industry (SESSI) conducts surveys of French companies, providing a primary source of information about French industry. The automotive industry covers motor vehicle manufacturing; motor vehicle, caravan and recreational vehicle body manufacturing; and the upstream manufacturing of automotive equipment. However, the statistics do not encompass environmental standards, a stagnating and then contracting all automotive industry suppliers. Products such as seats, market for new cars in Western Europe and the rising cost of tyres and glass are classified under other categories (see raw materials. It has returned to its level of the early 1990s, also page 53). which is notably higher than its low point of 1993. The automotive manufacturing industry dedicated 3% of sales to capital Automotive manufacturing expenditure (€2.5 billion) to develop new models and optimise After rising strongly between 1996 and 2004 (30%), in line its production capacity. These figures do not include research with growth in vehicle production, the value added of automo- and development costs (see the next page). Export sales have tive manufacturing (excluding VAT) per employee in constant increased constantly since 1990, when they reached 38%, now euros declined for several reasons: costs associated with new oscillating around 60%.

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS_29

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-22-39.indd 29 30/09/09 15:31:27 EUROPE - FRANCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SPENDING IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY In 2006, the French automotive industry led all other industries in France in terms of corporate spending on research and development (R&D), as it has since 1999. Its expenditure was €5.1 billion, accounting for 17% of total corporate spending on research and development. Between 1998 and 2006, gross domestic expenditure on research and development by the automotive industry doubled. In 2006, it represented 32% of the industry’s gross value added. The automobile leverages a wide variety of technologies and therefore requires signiﬁcant research initiatives to ensure its reliability throughout its lifetime, guarantee user safety and protect the environment. The automotive industry’s R&D budgets exceeded those of the pharmaceutical industry and the aviation and space industry.

GROSS DOMESTIC EXPENDITURE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE MAIN CORPORATE RESEARCH SEGMENTS IN FRANCE IN 2006

DRDS (1) ERDS (2) Budget Of which public funding (3) in` in` in` % in` % millions millions millions of total millions of total Automotive industry 4,207 940 5,147 17.2% 15 0.6% Pharmaceutical industry 3,311 1,246 4,558 15.3% 37 1.4% Aviation and space 2,425 1,261 3,685 12.3% 1,134 44.2% Radio, television and communication equipment and components 2,608 536 3,145 10.5% 343 13.3% Medical, precision and optical instruments 1,506 340 1,846 6.2% 366 14.2% Chemical industry 1,291 145 1,436 4.8% 60 2.3% Machinery and equipment manufacturing 1,180 235 1,415 4.7% 377 14.7% IT services 1,091 79 1,170 3.9% 56 2.2% Transport and communication services 804 s 804 2.7% 6 0.2% Machinery and electrical equipment manufacturing 974 133 1,107 3.7% 6 0.2% Energy and energy extraction products 758 240 998 3.3% 9 0.4% Rubber and plastics 779 r 779 2.6% 2 0.1% Other research segments 2,982 786 3,768 12.6% 158 6.1% TOTAL 23,915 5,943 29,858 100.0% 2,567 100.0% (1) DRDS: Domestic Research and Development Spending. (2) ERDS: External Research and Development Spending. (3) Excluding research tax credit. s: statistical secrecy. r: reserve. Source: French Education and Research Ministry (MEN-MESR-DEPP C2).

TOTAL CORPORATE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY SPENDING IN FRANCE IN 2006 IN THE MAIN RESEARCH SEGMENTS ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

In ` millions In ` millions 5,250 5,147 5,500 4,375 4,700 3,900

3,500 3,100 4,207

2,300 2,625 1,500 1992 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 1,750 DRDS Budget 875 The Office for research-related statistics of the French Ministry of 0 Automotive Pharmaceutical Aviation Radio, Medical, Chemical Machinery IT services Education carries out surveys on research and development (R&D) industry industry and space television and precision and industry and equipment spending by companies and in the wider public sphere. The total communication optical manufacturing equipment instruments R&D budget is broken down into domestic spending, which covers and components work performed in France, regardless of the origin of funding, and external spending, corresponding to work performed by other companies or public research organisations. A portion of the latter work may be performed outside of France. Since 1999, the leading R&D segment in France has been the automotive industry. This has also stimulated suppliers such as plastics and electronics companies. In 2006, 15% of domestic R&D spending €5.1 billion in the automotive industry was performed by subsidiaries in which foreign companies had a controlling interest of 50% or more. French automotive industry In 2006, the automotive industry comprised 32,000 full-time equiva- research and development lent research positions, including 14,500 researchers, up 45% from budget in 2006 1998 (125% for researchers). According to the French National Industrial Property Institute (INPI), Renault and PSA Peugeot Citroën Automobiles (including Faurecia) respectively filed the first and second largest number of patents with INPI in 2008. France has three major equipment manufacturers in the top twenty.

30_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-22-39.indd 30 30/09/09 15:31:32 EUROPE - FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE COMPETITIVENESS CLUSTERS IN FRANCE Set up by the State and local authorities in 2005, these competitiveness clusters bring together companies, research units and training centres, allowing them to work on collaborative projects. They also provide many services: business intelligence, assistance for ﬁling patents, networking, etc. In 2008, the automotive industry continued to conduct its research and development efforts through ﬁve clusters, where it works to meet the challenges of industrial excellence and durable mobility.

AUTOMOTIVE COMPETITIVENESS CLUSTERS IN FRANCE IN 2007

Véhicule Mov’eo LUTB 2015 iDforCAR MTA du Futur Number of companies involved 229 75 59 58 46 Of which SMEs (under 250 employees) 154 51 43 42 24 Employees of the companies involved in the cluster (no. of employees) 187,751 168,057 161,212 60,852 351,797 Spending by public bodies on cluster projects (in E thousands) 9,971 - 19,797 1,927 14,670 Spending by companies on cluster projects (in E thousands) 2,250 - 38,279 7,863 22,121 Number of labelled projects 22 47 20 8 17

Sources: DGCIS survey, INSEE, DIACT

114 Number of projects labelled by the automotive clusters in 2007

The internationally oriented Mov’eo cluster (www.pole-moveo. The Mobilité et Transports Avancés cluster (www.pole-mta. org) covers the Ile-de-France, Basse-Normandie and Haute- com), based in Poitou-Charentes, benefits from considerable Normandie regions. Mov’eo has the main aim of federating experience with alternative propulsion modes: hybrid and elec- projects dealing with the optimisation of mobility, the development tric vehicles, biofuels, on-board electronics. Experimentation, of synergy between individual and collective modes and perform- development, production and use of electric vehicles are its flag- ance improvement: consumption, the environment, road safety, ship activity. Since 1 February 2009, the MTA and Mov’eo clusters mobility and services, mechatronics. The extent of its geographi- have united their research and development efforts in view of the cal scope offers this cluster a broad range of opportunities for complementary nature of their respective businesses. increasing catchment areas and creating new business. Set up in western France (Brittany, Pays de La Loire, Poitou- Also internationally oriented, the Véhicule du Futur cluster Charentes), the iDforCAR cluster (www.id4car.org) aims to (www.vehiculedufutur.com) draws on the traditional catch- achieve excellence in the automotive industry by developing ment areas of the automotive industry –Alsace and Franche- know-how in premium range, small series and specific vehicles, a Comté– with growing interaction with Germany and Switzerland. field with stiff competition on the international stage. The cluster The cluster aims to anticipate industrial activity, technological is also involved with processes and products: on-board systems orientation and customer expectations for coming years around (assisted driving, communication interfaces, reliability), research several focal points: reducing engine consumption and emissions, into materials used and architecture (weight, solidity, recyclabil- fuel cells, improving passenger compartments, developing new ity), control of engineering and industrial processes for small vehicle types, traffic management tools, design and production series, perceived quality, in particular sensorial, of the finished systems, material and process research, industrial excellence vehicle, environmentally friendly vehicle design. in the service of companies.

The goal of the Lyon Urban Truck & Bus 2015 cluster (www. Lutb.fr) is to meet the challenges offered by the growing need for mobility of persons and goods within towns. It coordinates structuring activities for the region: manufacturers, transport operators, research centres. The business of the LUTB 2015 cluster focuses on optimising the energetic sector (diesel engine, hybridisation, gas, biofuels, etc.) for heavy trucks (trucks and buses), security, safety (users of public transport, truck drivers, freight, hazardous materials, etc.), architecture and comfort, telematic systems (ITS) and modelling of movement.

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS_31

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-22-39.indd 31 30/09/09 15:31:41 EUROPE - FRANCE FRENCH AUTOMOTIVE FOREIGN TRADE Raw material prices rose until the summer of 2008 and the euro was strong. Then, during the last quarter of the year, the world suffered a harsh economic crisis which considerably affected the automotive sector. In this context, exports of automotive products from France fell by 10%, to €47 billion, in 2008. Imports also dropped by 1.8%. The automotive industry had a trade deﬁcit of €3 billion. The deterioration was mainly due to the trade balance for new passenger cars, which shrank from –2.7 to –6 billion euros, greatly affected by the dynamics of demand in the French market for small cars produced in countries with lower cost structures, by the major contraction of premium ranges in Europe, reducing the markets for domestic plants of French manufacturers, and by plant product cycles with fewer novelties. The positive balance for “parts and engines” dropped by 12% to €4 billion, but beneﬁted in part from the increased production in French manufacturers’ production sites outside France.

FRENCH AUTOMOTIVE FOREIGN TRADE In ` billions New cars New light New heavy Parts and Automotive Used Automotive % share of % share of commercial trucks engines industry vehicles sector automotive automobiles vehicles sector products (1) EXPORTS (FOB) 2007 21.7 2.8 3.5 22.5 50.5 1.4 51.9 396.3 13.1% 2008 18.1 2.4 3.7 21.2 45.4 1.2 46.6 405.0 11.5% % change 2008-2007 -16.8 -14.0 +6.3 -5.8 -10.2 -13.5 -10.3 +2.2 IMPORTS (CIF) 2007 24.4 3.4 3.7 18.0 49.5 1.0 50.5 452.9 11.1% 2008 24.1 3.4 3.8 17.2 48.5 1.0 49.5 476.9 10.4% % change 2008-2007 -1.3 -0.3 +4.6 -4.3 -1.9 -0.4 -1.8 +5.3 BALANCES 2007 -2.7 -0.6 -0.2 +4.5 +1.0 +0.4 +1.4 -56.7 2008 -6.0 -1.0 -0.1 +4.0 -3.2 +0.2 -3.0 -71.9 COVERAGE RATE (2) 2007 89 83 95 125 102 141 103 87 2008 75 72 97 123 93 123 94 85

(1) Not including military equipment. (2) Exports / imports x 100. FOB: Free-on-board: transaction value including freight and insurance up to the border of the exporting country. CIF: Cost, insurance, freight: transaction value including freight and insurance up to the border of the importing country. Sources: customs data processed by CCFA, national accounts, base 2000.

In 2008, the automotive sector’s share in overall exports of goods fell back to its 1997 level (12%). As for imports in the automotive sector, they accounted for 10% of the total, up from 9% in 1997, the last time there was a crisis in the French new vehicle market. The trade balance for passenger cars improved significantly between 1996 and 2004, from a deficit of €350 million in 1996 to healthy surpluses of more than €7 billion. Since 2005, however, a decrease in production in France and rising imports following 12% the large-scale opening of the French markets to foreign manufacturers were reflected in a sharp decline in the surplus, which Share of automotive became a deficit in 2007. The international crisis worsened this products in French deficit in 2008. goods exports in 2008 The trade balance deficit for commercial vehicles continued to drop –to €1 billion– in this crisis context. Exports of light commercial vehicles dropped considerably by 14% to €2.4 billion. On the other hand, exports of heavy trucks rose by 6.3%, to €3.7 billion, after two years of double-digit growth. Flows of parts and engines also slowed: –4.3% for imports and –5.8% for exports. The balance dropped to €4 billion.

32_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-22-39.indd 32 30/09/09 15:31:43 EUROPE - FRANCE FRENCH AUTOMOTIVE FOREIGN TRADE The trade balance in heavy trucks (excluding used vehicles) turned negative in 2008, at €3.2 billion, and is the first deficit in more than 30 years. It is broken down into a deficit of €6.1 billion with the EU-27 and a surplus of €2.9 billion with the rest of the world. The drop in this balance is mainly due to the result posted with the EU-27, which can be attributed to the crisis in the automotive markets and stiff competition. The positive balance with the rest of the world is almost stable at €2.9 billion. The deficit with Turkey continued to rise by €200 million. However, it was compensated by the surplus posted with Iran (€270 million), Algeria (€160 million) and Brazil (€40 million).

INDUSTRIAL AUTOMOBILE TRADE BALANCE In ` billions 1985 1990 2000 (1) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Combined 4.57 4.13 9.84 11.80 8.21 5.28 1.02 -3.19 INTRA EC (12 countries) 0.29 0.45 INTRA EU (15 countries) 5.80 6.68 4.11 1.80 - 1.18 - 5.04 INTRA EU (25 countries) 7.67 4.42 1.38 - 2.10 - 6.24 INTRA EU (27 countries) 1.79 - 1.83 - 6.06 of which: Germany -1.62 -2.20 -3.75 -5.06 -5.54 -5.94 -7.46 -8.07 Austria 0.33 0.60 0.43 0.39 0.38 0.37 Belgium-Luxembourg 0.26 0.68 0.35 2.37 2.23 2.49 2.47 2.42 Denmark 0.12 0.23 0.34 0.34 0.32 0.31 0.29 Spain -0.55 -0.14 1.55 0.55 0.46 -0.15 -1.44 -2.92 Finland 0.17 0.24 0.23 0.18 0.15 0.13 Italy 0.59 0.13 0.58 2.11 1.56 0.49 0.70 0.21 Netherlands 0.34 0.57 1.54 0.54 0.37 0.22 0.17 0.27 Poland 0.34 0.15 -0.20 0.13 0.01 Portugal 0.12 -0.12 0.50 0.34 0.51 0.28 0.35 0.26 Czech Republic -0.03 -0.21 -0.43 -0.65 -0.69 United Kingdom 0.98 1.21 3.56 3.70 2.81 3.10 2.94 2.04 Slovenia 0.20 0.05 0.11 -0.16 -0.27 Sweden 0.14 0.25 0.07 -0.09 -0.24 -0.43 OUTSIDE EC (12 countries) 4.27 3.69 OUTSIDE EU (15 countries) 4.04 5.13 4.10 3.48 2.20 1.85 OUTSIDE EU (25 countries) 4.13 3.79 3.90 3.12 3.05 OUTSIDE EU (27 countries) 3.49 2.85 2.87 of which: Austria 0.15 0.22 Finland 0.10 Norway 0.06 0.13 0.21 0.20 0.18 0.20 0.12 Poland 0.25 Czech Republic -0.01 Slovenia 0.15 Sweden 0.05 Switzerland 0.27 0.50 0.59 0.60 0.57 0.47 0.47 0.45 Turkey 0.17 0.55 0.36 0.13 -0.26 -0.66 -0.86 Yugoslavia 0.03 0.07 Canada 0.12 0.15 -0.02 -0.02 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.02 USA 0.81 0.41 0.46 0.35 0.41 0.35 0.15 0.07 Mexico 0.00 -0.01 0.03 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.10 0.05 Argentina 0.06 0.38 0.16 0.17 0.28 0.33 0.27 Brazil 0.07 0.25 0.18 0.19 0.27 0.32 0.36 Algeria 0.56 0.47 0.29 0.55 0.52 0.67 0.65 0.81 Morocco 0.18 0.12 0.12 0.17 0.17 0.21 0.27 Nigeria 0.14 0.15 0.07 0.08 0.16 0.12 0.06 Tunisia 0.11 0.17 0.11 0.08 0.09 0.07 0.08 Saudi Arabia 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.08 China 0.05 0.09 0.24 0.26 0.51 0.30 0.16 South Korea 0.02 -0.22 -0.44 -0.47 -0.50 -0.48 -0.40 Iran 0.10 0.15 1.30 0.92 0.66 0.53 0.80 Japan -0.43 -0.63 -1.04 -1.71 -1.67 -1.78 -1.63 -1.42 Taiwan 0.03 0.14 0.02 0.00 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.04 (1) French overseas departments are included in the scope of French Customs as of 1996. Sources: customs data processed by CCFA.

After exceeding €4 billion between 1997 and 2005, the trade in 2008, versus €650 million in 2007 (and near equilibrium surplus with the EU-15 gave way to a deficit of €1.2 billion in in 2006), due mainly to the ramp up of local plants and stiff 2007. This was further increased in 2008 to €5 billion. Between competition. €2.9 bn 2007 and 2008, the reason for the fall in the balance was Outside the EU-27, the automotive manufacturing trade sur- essentially lower trade with Spain (from –€1.4 billion to –€2.9 plus stood at €2.9 billion. Good business performance in Latin Surplus of industrial billion) and a worsening deficit with Germany (from –€7.5 bil- America and Northern Africa was favourable to the industrial automobile trade lion to –€8.1 billion). With the 12 new EU member countries, automobile trade balance. The joint balance with Japan and between France and automotive manufacturing trade posted a deficit of €1 billion South Korea dropped to –€1.8 billion. the EU-27 for 2008

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS_33

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-22-39.indd 33 30/09/09 15:31:46 EUROPE - FRANCE DIESEL PASSENGER CARS Since 2002, there have been more diesel passenger car registrations than registrations of vehicles running on other fuels, accounting for 77% of the total in 2008. Fifty-four percent of passenger cars on the road as of 1 January 2009 were diesel-powered. French production of diesel vehicles stood at more than 2 million units in 2008, representing 41% of total production.

DIESEL PASSENGER CARS

1990 1995 2000 2007 2008 % change 2008-2007 Production In units 804,007 1,036,796 1,648,448 2,312,801 2,018,059 -12.7 As a % of total production 24.4% 34.0% 35.8% 43.6% 41.2% Exports In units 292,061 472,087 975,038 1,527,972 1,400,805 -8.3 As a % of total exports 15.5% 25.5% 33.7% 37.2% 34.7% Registrations In units 762,054 897,698 1,046,485 1,525,439 1,584,438 +3.9 As a % of total registrations 33.0% 46.5% 49.0% 73.9% 77.3% Fleet In units 3,775,000 6,938,000 9,980,000 15,922,000 16,753,000 +5.2 As a % of all cars in use 16.0% 27.6% 35.6% 51.9% 54.3% Source,: CCFA

RANKING OF THE MAIN NEW DIESEL PASSENGER CARS IN 2008

Rank Make Model Volume % market 1 Citroën C4-Xsara 131,464 8.3 2 Peugeot 206-207 123,280 7.8 3 Renault Clio 118,174 7.5 4 Renault Mégane 115,809 7.3 5 Peugeot 307-308 80,928 5.1 6 Citroën C3 43,840 2.8 7 Ford Focus 40,256 2.5 8 Volkswagen Golf 38,914 2.5 9 Volkswagen Polo 33,612 2.1 10 Renault Laguna 31,321 2.0 Source : CCFA

In 2008, France was still the leader in the global market for diesel engines with 1,584,000 new passenger car registrations, just 3 out ahead of Germany with 1.4 million units. The new, quieter, more efficient diesel engines are winning popular acclaim at a time of of 4 high fuel prices. new passenger cars The market share of diesel vehicles in Europe stagnated at 53%, registered in France or 7.1 million units. Due to the crisis, the production of diesel cars are diesel-powered dropped by 13%, and exports fell by 8% to 1.4 million units.

34_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-22-39.indd 34 30/09/09 15:31:49 EUROPE - FRANCE NEW PASSENGER CAR REGISTRATIONS BY MODEL, RANGE AND BODY STYLE In a competitive market, French manufacturers regularly refresh and enlarge their offer with new models and restylings, while keeping old models and offering new versions (short and long MPVs, estates, convertibles, coupés, crossovers), focusing on multi-purpose applications. This allows them to meet increasingly diversiﬁed demand. Environmental performance and enhanced active and passive safety are features on the increase in this massive production of new models. For 2009, the strong presence of French groups in a lower range fuelled by the “bonus/malus” system and the government scrap incentive, the active renovation of existing models and the launch of new models (Citroën C3 Picasso, Peugeot 3008, Renault Laguna Coupé) should allow them to face their stiff competition.

RANKING OF THE MAIN NEW PASSENGER CAR MODELS IN 2008

Rank Make Model Volume % market Rank Make Model Volume % market 1 Peugeot 206-207 167,931 8.2 16 Toyota Yaris 30,430 1.5 2 Renault Clio 152,578 7.4 17 Peugeot 107 26,758 1.3 3 Citroën C4-Xsara 137,026 6.7 18 Peugeot 407 25,789 1.3 4 Renault Mégane 121,062 5.9 19 Citroën C5 25,697 1.3 5 Peugeot 307-308 92,266 4.5 20 Citroën C1 25,009 1.2 6 Renault Twingo 65,333 3.2 21 Fiat Punto 22,759 1.1 7 Citroën C3 60,136 2.9 22 Renault Kangoo 21,501 1.0 8 Ford Focus 42,106 2.1 23 Fiat 500 21,451 1.0 9 Volkswagen Polo 41,491 2.0 24 Volkswagen Passat 19,730 1.0 10 Volkswagen Golf 41,228 2.0 25 Citroën C2 19,233 0.9 11 Ford Fiesta 38,070 1.9 26 Volkswagen Touran 19,193 0.9 12 Opel Corsa 35,373 1.7 27 Mini Mini 18,999 0.9 13 Renault Modus 35,034 1.7 28 Seat Ibiza 18,385 0.9 14 Dacia Logan 34,095 1.7 29 Nissan Qashqai 17,861 0.9 15 Renault Laguna 33,011 1.6 30 BMW 3-Series 17,830 0.9

Source : CCFA NEW PASSENGER CAR REGISTRATIONS BY RANGE

Ranges 1990 2000 2006 PS (1) 2006 NS (1) 2007 2008 units % units % units % units % units % units % Low 986,532 42.7 855,161 40.1 854,963 42.7 919,665 46.0 923,559 44.7 1,034,708 50.5 Low-mid 477,631 20.7 695,146 32.6 644,929 32.2 650,047 32.5 694,326 33.6 646,380 31.5 High-mid 555,053 24.0 303,028 14.2 199,009 9.9 260,728 13.0 269,711 13.1 249,287 12.2 Premium 256,381 11.1 163,293 7.7 122,794 6.1 170,013 8.5 176,882 8.6 119,868 5.8 Others 33,533 1.5 117,256 5.5 178,854 8.9 96 0.0 65 0.0 40 0.0 TOTAL 2,309,130 100.0 2,133,884 100.0 2,000,549 100.0 2,000,549 100.0 2,064,543 100.0 2,050,283 100.0

(1) In 2007, a new range-based segmentation was introduced. See page 14 (PS: previous scope, NS: new scope). Source: CCFA

MARKET SHARE BY RANGE MARKET SHARE BY BODY STYLE

50% 50 100% 90% 40% 80% 70% 32 61 50% 30% 60% 50% of new cars registered 20% 40% in France in 2008 30% 12 22 belong to the low range 10% 20% 6 10% 9 3 5 0% 0 0% Low Low-mid High-mid Premium Others Sedan Estate Coupé-convertible All MPVs 4WD

1990 1995 2000 2006 AP 2006 NP 2008 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008

NEW PASSENGER CAR REGISTRATIONS BY BODY STYLE Body 1990 1995 2000 2005 2007 2008 units % units % units % units % units % units % Sedan 2,155,724 93.4 1,731,191 89.7 1,527,676 71.6 1,209,830 58.5 1,202,498 58.2 1,247,155 60.8 Estate 61,418 2.7 78,278 4.1 119,739 5.6 144,485 7.0 138,207 6.7 184,808 9.0 Coupé-convertible 36,269 1.6 30,067 1.6 50,527 2.4 59,382 2.9 68,093 3.3 53,290 2.6 All MPVs 28,682 1.2 58,376 3.0 369,434 17.3 525,487 25.4 498,939 24.2 448,372 21.9 including compact MPVs -- --241,190 11.3 284,310 13.7 325,458 15.8 273,084 13.3 4WD 17,129 0.7 25,684 1.3 57,116 2.7 113,406 5.5 138,266 6.7 101,508 5.0 Others 9,9080.46,9080.49,3920.415,1990.718,5400.915,1500.7 TOTAL 2,309,130 100.0 1,930,504 100.0 2,133,884 100.0 2,067,789 100.0 2,064,543 100.0 2,050,283 100.0

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS_35

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-22-39.indd 35 30/09/09 15:31:51 EUROPE - FRANCE USED PASSENGER CARS Once again, used car registrations exceeded 5 million units, reaching 5,393,000 units in 2008, which is slightly less than 2007, when a new record was set. Every year, two or three used cars are purchased for every new car. 18% of cars in the total population change hands every year. 62% of cars owned or used by households were bought used, versus 51% in 1991.

USED PASSENGER CARS

Units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 REGISTRATIONS New cars thousands 1,873 2,309 2,134 2,014 2,068 2,001 2,065 2,050 Used cars thousands 4,441 4,759 5,082 5,444 5,383 5,466 5,571 5,393 Used/new ratio 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6 Cars less than 5 years old % used 52 40 41 40 40 38 37 of which: Cars less than 1 year old % used 12 12 10 10 9 9 8 Cars less than 1 year old % new 25 29 28 25 25 23 22 Cars more than 5 years old % used 48 60 59 60 60 62 63 Total (at 31/12) thousands 19,130 23,550 28,060 29,900 30,100 30,400 30,700 30,850 Used/total ratio % 23.2% 20.2% 18.1% 18.2% 17.9% 18.0% 18.1% 17.5% Source: CCFA

USED/NEW CAR RATIO USED/TOTAL CAR RATIO

3.0 25% 2.6 2.7 23%

2.5 21%

2.2 19%

2.0 17% 17.5 1.7 15% 1980 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 2000 02 04 06 08 1980 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 2000 02 04 06 08

Passenger cars are durable goods that consumers purchase, use, 2.6 percent. The demand for used vehicles is generally similar to maintain and eventually sell on the second-hand market. the growth rate of the entire population, and is less sensitive to Used cars are purchased and sold through dealers or directly economic factors than demand for new cars. It is still affected by between consumers. Cars less than five years old are usually measures to stimulate the new car market (“bonus/malus” system, sold through dealers, who represent approximately half of the government scrap incentive, etc.). total market. Transactions involving vehicles more than five years old rose due Somewhere between 4 and 6 million used cars are exchanged to the aging of the passenger car fleet and to increasing multi- every year. This market is subject to less fluctuation than the new car ownership in France. This share rose from 48% in 1990 to car market. In 2008, demand for new passenger cars fell 0.7% to 63% in 2008. 2.05 million units, while demand for used cars fell 3.2% to Used cars that are less than one year old can be considered new. 5.4 million units. The used/new car ratio remained stable at In fact, they are often registered by automotive dealers as dem- onstration or leased vehicles and then sold on the retail market. They accounted for 441,000 registrations, or 22% of the new car market. Since 2001, registrations of used cars less than one year old have declined steadily as a percentage of total registrations, only account- 5 years ing for 8% in 2008, versus 12% in 2001. Average amount of time a French household keeps a vehicle

36_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-22-39.indd 36 30/09/09 15:31:56 EUROPE - FRANCE NEW VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS IN FRENCH OVERSEAS DEPARTMENTS The annual markets for new vehicles are a more recent phenomenon in France’s overseas departments and have accounted for 60,000 to 75,000 vehicle registrations since 1998. The four French overseas departments are Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Martinique and Reunion Island. Given the geographic environment, commercial vehicles over 5 tonnes account for a smaller proportion of registrations in overseas departments (1.9% in 2008) than in mainland France (2.5%); however, the share of light commercial vehicles is higher (19.2% compared with 17.9% in mainland France). In 2008, the number of registrations of new light vehicles dropped by 7% compared with the previous year. The deterioration of the Overseas Department market is considerable, while the drop is less sharp in mainland France (less than 1%). French manufacturers are facing stiff competition on the passenger vehicle market. Their market share has dipped under 50% since 2006. However, as in the Mainland, they perform better on the light commercial vehicle market.

NEW VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS IN FRENCH OVERSEAS DEPARTMENTS

New passenger cars 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 Change 2008-2000 Change 2008-2007 Guadeloupe 13,691 14,359 13,562 15,539 14,295 4.4% -8.0% French Guiana 4,031 4,085 4,071 4,437 4,357 8.1% -1.8% Martinique 14,424 14,749 14,132 14,666 13,679 -5.2% -6.7% Reunion Island 21,463 25,142 22,437 24,819 23,267 8.4% -6.3% TOTAL FRENCH OVERSEAS DEPARTMENTS 53,609 58,335 54,202 59,461 55,598 3.7% -6.5%

Light commercial vehicles (up to 5t) 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 Change 2008-2000 Change 2008-2007 Guadeloupe 2,685 2,772 2,834 3,192 3,120 16.2% -2.3% French Guiana 1,143 1,169 1,452 1,645 1,509 32.0% -8.3% Martinique 2,368 2,732 2,724 2,841 2,793 17.9% -1.7% Reunion Island 5,200 6,021 6,827 6,749 6,060 16.5% -10.2% TOTAL FRENCH OVERSEAS DEPARTMENTS 11,396 12,694 13,837 14,427 13,482 18.3% -6.6%

Commercial vehicles including coaches and buses (over 5t) 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 Change 2008-2000 Change 2008-2007 Guadeloupe 146 196 148 157 232 58.9% 47.8% French Guiana 66 99 81 100 128 93.9% 28.0% Martinique 187 183 295 333 296 58.3% -11.1% Reunion Island 362 464 518 581 652 80.1% 12.2% TOTAL FRENCH OVERSEAS DEPARTMENTS 761 942 1,042 1,171 1,308 71.9% 11.7% Source : CCFA

FRENCH MANUFACTURER MARKET SHARE IN FRENCH OVERSEAS DEPARTMENTS

NEW PASSENGER CARS NEW HEAVY TRUCKS 70% 50%

60% 40% 50%

40% 30%

30% 20% 20% 10% 10%

0% 0% 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

NEW PASSENGER CAR REGISTRATIONS IN FRENCH OVERSEAS DEPARTMENTS NEW LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLES In no. of vehicles 70% 60,000

60% 55,000 50% 70,000 40% New vehicle registrations 50,000 30% in French overseas departments in 2008 20% 45,000 10%

0% 40,000 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS_37

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-22-39.indd 37 30/09/09 15:31:58 EUROPE - FRANCE CAR OWNERSHIP In 2008, multi-car households accounted for 36% of the total compared with 26% in 1990 and 16% in 1980. Car ownership is very high among households in rural and semi-rural areas, i.e. rural areas located close to towns (nearly 92%). Sixty four percent of households in the Paris region own at least one vehicle, compared with 60% in 2000.

CAR OWNERSHIP (PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS OWNING AT LEAST ONE CAR)

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2008 BY SOCIO-PROFESSIONAL CATEGORY Farmers 87.3% 92.4% 95.9% 98.9% 91.1% 95.8% Farm workers 72.6% 72.4% 74.7% - - - Tradesmen, craftsmen, business owners 91.1% 94.3% 95.2% 89.4% 90.6% 94.6% Self-employed professionals, executives 93.6% 95.0% 94.4% 85.5% 84.6% 83.8% Middle management 90.2% 92.4% 93.3% 88.7% 90.8% 90.7% White collar workers 75.4% 75.7% 78.3% 75.9% 77.5% 80.3% Blue collar workers 80.4% 85.1% 87.2% 89.7% 88.7% 91.3% Service employees 57.9% 51.5% 59.3% - - - Other working population 91.2% 84.8% 90.2% - - - Non-working population 39.6% 48.9% 54.6% 65.8% 70.9% 75.0% of which retired persons - - 59.4% 70.9% 76.0% 78.1%

BY AREA OF RESIDENCE Rural areas 71.7% 77.8% 82.1% 88.6% 91.1% 92.7% Towns with fewer than 20,000 inhabitants 69.6% 75.0% 76.6% 84.7% 86.1% 89.0% Towns with 20,000 to 100,000 inhabitants 72.3% 73.9% 77.3% 80.0% 84.2% 86.5% Towns with over 100,000 inhabitants 69.5% 73.5% 74.2% 75.1% 76.6% 80.2% Greater Paris 69.3% 71.7% 77.0% 60.8% 60.4% 64.0% Paris 48.8% 48.5% 47.3% }

BY LOCATION OF RESIDENCE Town centres - - - 67.6% 69.4% 72.9% Suburbs - - - 79.3% 80.5% 81.4% Semi-rural areas - - - 88.5% 89.8% 91.8% Rural areas - - - 85.3% 90.4% 92.6%

BY AGE OF HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD Under 25 - - - 51.2% 49.3% 61.1% 25 to 34 - - - 85.1% 82.4% 84.4% 35 to 44 - - - 86.7% 86.3% 87.5% 45 to 54 - - - 87.5% 87.4% 88.9% 55 to 64 - - - 84.9% 87.0% 87.4% Over 65 - - - 61.9% 69.0% 73.2%

ALL 69.3% 73.4% 76.5% 78.4% 80.3% 82.7% Vehicles for which women are the main drivers - - - - 40.4% 41.7%

Sources: INSEE up to 1993, SOFRES as of 1994.

CAR OWNERSHIP BASED ON AREA The car ownership rate is the proportion of households that OF RESIDENCE own at least one vehicle, expressed as a percentage. It is largely dependent on the household’s income, the age of the 92.7 head of the household, in 2008 the socio-professional category, 90% 89.0 86.5 the location and the number of people in the household. 80% 80.2 >cidlchlî]dkZg&%%!%%%^c]VWîVcih!i]ZXVgdlcZgh]ê rate has not declined; 80% of households owned vehicles in 83% 70% 2008, compared with 75% in 1995. 64.0 DaYZg]djhZ]daYhi]ViigVYî^dcVaanY^YcdidlcVXVgVgZ of households own 60% increasingly changing that trend: in 2008, their rate of car at least one car ownership reached 73%, compared with 62% in 1995. 50% GjgVa]djhZ]daYh!aVg\Z]djhZ]daYhVcYldg`Zghine^XVaan own two or more vehicles. I]Zcdc"ldg`^c\VcYZbeadnZZXViZ\dg^Zh]VkZgZaVi^kZan Rural areas Greater Paris Towns with over lower rates, although their car ownership rates have increased Towns with fewer region Towns with 20,000 100,000 inhabitants considerably since 2000 (+4.1 and +2.8 points respectively). than 20,000 inhabitants to 100,000 inhabitants

1995 2000 2008

38_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-22-39.indd 38 30/09/09 15:31:59 EUROPE - FRANCE PERSONAL VEHICLES IN USE Daily car use has dropped in recent years: the share of vehicles used daily or near-daily was 73% in 2008, compared with 79% in 2000. Since 2006, there are more diesel-powered (over 56%) than gasoline-powered cars. The average number of kilometres on the odometer continued to rise and now totals 107,000 kilometres, i.e. 37,000 kilometres more than in 1990. Seventy-seven percent of all cars in use belong to the low and mid-low ranges, compared with 60% in 1990.

VEHICLE FLEET (OWNED, LEASED OR LOANED) BY HOUSEHOLDS

units 1980 1990 1995 2000 2008 Total fleet millions 16.7 23.0 25.1 27.4 33.0 Average age of the fleet years 5.8 5.8 6.6 7.3 8.1

BREAKDOWN BY MAKE Renault % 36.2 33.3 33.3 33.3 30.3 PSA Peugeot Citroën (including Talbot) % 47.1 38.3 36.2 35.2 36.5 Foreign makes % 16.7 28.4 30.5 31.4 33.2

BREAKDOWN BY TAXABLE HORSE POWER 2 and 3 hp % 12.3 3.4 1.6 0.7 42.8 4 and 5 hp % 23.2 38.4 38.9 40.5 } 6 and 7 hp % 47.0 47.1 48.6 50.0 44.7 8 hp and above 17.5 12.8 10.9 8.8 12.5

BREAKDOWN BY VEHICLE RANGE Low range % 39.4 43.4 45.1 45.3 Low-mid % 20.8 24.3 27.3 31.6 High-mid % 26.0 22.2 19.9 13.2 Premium range % 8.7 7.0 7.0 4.5 Others % 5.1 3.2 0.8 5.4 Percentage of vehicles purchased new % 55.7 50.4 45.2 43.9 38.1

BREAKDOWN BY FUEL TYPE Premium unleaded % 15.5 38.4 49.1 Premium leaded - AVSR % 62.9 28.8 11.9 44.0 Regular gasoline % 4.1 1.3 - } LPG-CNG % 0.1 0.0 0.7 Diesel % 17.4 30.9 38.1 56.0 Average kilometres on odometer km 69,500 84,080 93,140 106,930 Percentage of vehicles used on a daily or near-daily basis % 75.1 77.4 78.7 72.6 Percentage of vehicles used for travel to and from work % 55.4 54.3 55.1 53.7 Years after 2007 cannot be compared directly with previous years; the scope of light commercial vehicles has been enlarged. Source: SOFRES survey data processed by CCFA and INRETS.

An annual SOFRES survey gives a clear picture of the cars VEHICLE USE owned or available to households in France. Most of these vehicles are passenger cars, but light 90% commercial vehicles account for about 5% of the total fleet. Their share continues to grow. 80% After rising throughout the 1990s, the average age of a 72.6 73% and 54% 70% vehicle tended to stabilise between 2000 and 2002 as the Respective shares of vehicles economic environment improved. After 2003, it started to used on a daily (or near-daily) rise again, reaching 8.2 years in 2007. In 2008 it remained 60% 53.7 basis and for travel to and almost stable. 50% from work The most common taxable horse powers were in the 4 to 7 hp categories. Cars in the low and mid-low ranges have 40% gained value after a couple of years and their share of the Percentage of vehicles used Percentage of vehicles used total population has once again increased to the detriment on a daily or near-daily basis for travel to and from work of the premium ranges: in 2008 they respectively accounted for 45% and 32% of the total, compared with 13% for cars in 1990 1995 2000 2008 the high-mid range.

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS_39

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-22-39.indd 39 30/09/09 15:32:02 EUROPE - FRANCE DOMESTIC PASSENGER TRANSPORT Personal transport drives the economy, shaping economic and social exchanges, creating wealth, and underpinning whole sectors such as health and tourism. When expressed as passenger-kilometres, which under-represents urban transport and focuses on domestic transport to the exclusion of long-distance international transport, roads emerge as the dominant mode: 82% for passenger cars and 6% for coaches and buses in 2008. Cars and light commercial vehicles allow people to carry their belongings, offering an appropriate solution to transport in sparsely-populated residential areas or regions where there is insufﬁcient demand to make public transport networks economically and socially relevant solutions.

DOMESTIC PASSENGER TRANSPORT EVOLUTION OF DOMESTIC PASSENGER TRANSPORT

In billions of passenger-kilometres Base 100 in 1990 1000 130 900 125 800

700 120 600

500 115 400

300 110

200 105 100

0 100 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Passenger cars Buses, coaches Total Domestic transport per inhabitant Rail transport Air transport Population in mainland France

Sources: MEEDDAT/SOeS, INSEE Sources: MEEDDAT/SOeS, INSEE

Personal transport is obviously linked to the economy, as When measuring transport in terms of passenger-kilome- is the transport of freight, but it also includes the vital social tres, light vehicles tend to dominate in domestic passenger aspect of meeting people. transport. This can be expressed as the number of daily trips, Whereas freight is more closely associated with industrial, particularly in dense urban areas where transport facilities and agricultural and craft production, personal transport covers other methods (bicycles, motorcycles, etc.) play an important a much broader economic sphere. While commuting between role, or as passenger-kilometres when dealing with long-dis- home and work is predominant, the developing service eco- tance international travel, showing the relevance of each mode nomy also depends on the mobility of people, which is of transport. The French National Travel & Transport Survey particularly important in such personal services (ENTD 2007) makes it possible to update national sta- as health and tourism. tistics that date back to 1994. People select their mode of transport on the Domestic passenger transport per person basis of their starting point / destination, expressed in passenger-kilometres rose conti- distance and time, as in the transport of nuously until 2002 (a rise of 16% compared to freight. Transporting people requires -3% 1990). Since then, it appears to have tailed significant capital expenditure in each Decrease from 2002 off due to rising fuel prices, and dropped 3% mode and is generally paid off over a to 2008 in domestic between 2002 and 2008. long period during which the infrastruc- passenger transport for all ture is built and maintained. modes per inhabitant in passenger-kilometres

40_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-40-55.indd 40 30/09/09 15:37:37 EUROPE - FRANCE DOMESTIC FREIGHT TRANSPORT Transporting freight drives the economy, enabling production sites to connect with each other and with consumer sites, which in turn link to reprocessing-recycling plants. The time dimension must be added to this spatial model, often associated with town and country planning. Each mode of transport -road, rail, inland waterways, pipeline, etc. – depends on infrastructure that requires the kind of large-scale capital expenditure that is generally paid off over a long period. Road haulage meets many of the criteria involved in selecting a transport hub. According to the Road Freight Haulage Survey by the French Ministry of Transport, 58% of French freight is delivered within a radius of 50 kilometres, and 48% of the tonne-kilometres generated by these deliveries involve distances of under 300 kilometres.

DOMESTIC FREIGHT TRANSPORT BREAKDOWN OF ROAD FREIGHT TRANSPORT IN FRANCE USING FRENCH CARRIERS ACCORDING TO THE LOAD DISTANCE IN 2007 In billions of tonne-kilometres 450 In tonnes In tonne-kilometres 400 100%

350 90% 80% 300 70% 250 60% 200 50% 40% 150 30% 100 20% 10% 50 0% 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Up to 50 km 50 to under 150 km Rail transport Road transport 150 to under 300 km 500 km and over Fluvial transport Oil pipelines 300 to under 500 km 78% Goods transported by Source: MEEDDM/SOeS Source: Road Freight Haulage survey by MEEDDM/SOeS French road carriers that travel less than 150 kilometres measured as freight tonnes

The demand for freight transport is closely linked to the eco- YZa^kZgni^bZ/eZg^h]VWaZhhjX]Vh[gZh]egdYjXihbjhiWZ nomy of the country and its interactions with other countries; transported quickly – usually by road; it corresponds, on the one hand, with the domestic demand of YZeVgijgZVcYVgg^kVahîZh!Wdi]^cegdYjXi^dca^c`ZYlî] various economic players and, on the other hand, with exports town and country planning) and in consumption which mostly of producing companies in the country. Some countries, such as means households living in built-up areas. Germany and France, act as key freight transit countries due to their geographical locations. In the case of road haulage, this Different modes of transport also depend on a specific infrastruc- also leads to the phenomenon of cabotage. ture. This entails large-scale capital expenditure, usually paid off over a long period, and careful deployment. Intensive usage, The physical transfer of goods exported by a country is a major due to massive traffic flows, makes the infrastructure issue all focus of economic competitiveness. The destination (the source the more relevant, as does the use of several different modes of for imports) and the type of freight or good traded are often transport in a single logistics chain, where there will be interrup- critical when choosing the appropriate mode of transport. Some tions when loads are shifted from one mode to another. liquids can be transported via pipelines, thereby avoiding any disruptions in supply; ports are used as part of trading with Due to its flexibility, ability to pervade the entire road network, distant countries. adaptability and quality of service, road haulage addresses many of these factors, demonstrating that rather than being a Domestic demand from economic players such as households, single homogenous market, transport consists of a multitude of businesses and administrations in the broadest sense covers sub-markets, which often cannot replace each other. No choice a very varied range of goods and properties, and is met either of mode is available for most goods transported, particularly by domestic production or by imports, and transport provides a in the last few kilometres. physical connection among production sites and with consumer outlets, and finally between the latter and reprocessing-recy- Ignoring the geographical location of the departure and arrival cling plants. In France, this has a major impact on town and sites, there are two basic units for measuring the transport of country planning. goods: tonnes (measured during loading) and tonne-kilometres. The French Ministry of Transport’s Road Freight Haulage There is a great variety of transported goods. Many factors can Survey shows that nearly 60% of French freight tonnes move influence the choice of a mode of transport. Among them: less than 50 kilometres from their source, and that nearly i]ZlZ^\]id[i]Z\ddYh^cfjZhi^dc/VjidbdWâZbVcj[VXijgZgh 48% of French tonne-kilometres are generated less than mainly transport coils of steel by rail or waterways; 300 kilometres from the source.

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS_41

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-40-55.indd 41 30/09/09 15:37:38 EUROPE - FRANCE AUTOMOBILE TRAFFIC Traffic increased on annual average by 2.6% between 1980 and 2001 and then evened out after 2001, rising by only 0.2% per year. In 2008, marked by the most severe economic and financial crisis since World War II and a very high year-on-year increase in fuel prices, traffic figures dropped by 1.4% compared with 2007. After a slight recovery in 2007, the downward trend in passenger car traffic continued, dropping by 1.1%. While the total number of cars in use rose by 0.7%, average kilometres driven per year continued to fall by 1.8%, 0.6 point more than the average recorded between 2001 and 2007. A sign of the economic crisis, traffic of French heavy trucks dropped by 5.5% in 2008. Moreover, the reduction in business was especially noticeable during the fourth quarter (–13% against –3% overall for the first nine months), according to the results of the Road Freight Haulage Survey, given in tonne-kilometres.

TRAFFIC STATISTICS

Units 1990 2000 2007 2008 Percentage Average annual change in % 2008-1990 change 2008-1990 2008-2007 FLEETS (annual averages) thousands of vehicles 28,109 33,452 36,847 37,123 +32 +1.6 +0.7 Passenger cars 23,280 27,770 30,550 30,775 +32 +1.6 +0.7 of which: gasoline 19,760 18,150 15,018 14,438 -27 -1.7 -3.9 diesel 3,520 9,620 15,533 16,338 +364 +8.9 +5.2 Light commercial vehicles (LCV) 4,223 5,055 5,655 5,711 +35 +1.7 +1.0 of which: gasoline 2,279 1,299 873 790 -65 -5.7 -9.5 diesel 1,944 3,756 4,783 4,921 +153 +5.3 +2.9 Heavy trucks (> 5t) 538 547 559 554 +3 +0.2 -0.9 Coaches and buses 69 80 83 84 +21 +1.1 +0.6 KILOMETRES (ANNUAL AVERAGES) thousands of km Passenger cars 13.6 13.8 13.0 12.8 -6 -0.4 -1.8 of which: gasoline 12.1 11.1 9.5 9.4 -23 -1.4 -1.9 diesel 22.2 18.9 16.4 15.8 -29 -1.9 -3.4 Light commercial vehicles (LCV) 15.9 15.9 16.4 16.1 +1 +0.1 -1.8 of which: gasoline 11.6 8.5 8.1 7.9 -32 -2.1 -2.7 diesel 20.6 18.4 17.9 17.4 -16 -0.9 -2.7 Heavy trucks (> 5t) 36.2 48.4 50.1 47.8 +32 +1.6 -4.6 Coaches and buses 31.0 29.7 32.0 32.8 +6 +0.3 +2.4 CONSUMPTION PER VEHICLE litres/100 km Passenger cars: gasoline 8.70 8.07 7.58 7.61 -13 -0.7 +0.4 Passenger cars: diesel 6.90 6.67 6.39 6.41 -7 -0.4 +0.3 LCV: gasoline 9.20 9.51 8.87 8.91 -3 -0.2 +0.4 LCV: diesel 10.50 9.72 9.39 9.42 -10 -0.6 +0.3 Heavy trucks: diesel 34.40 37.69 35.87 35.14 +2 +0.1 -2.0 Buses and coaches: diesel 42.70 32.60 31.20 31.11 -27 -1.7 -0.3 FUEL CONSUMPTION millions of litres (all road transport) Gasoline 25,292 18,954 13,154 12,409 -51 -3.9 -5.7 Diesel 19,438 32,355 38,609 38,101 +96 +3.8 -1.3 billions TOTAL TRAFFIC 432 526 560 553 +28 +1.4 -1.4 of vehicle-km of which: French passenger cars 403 463 491 486 +21 +1.0 -1.0 and light commercial vehicles ROAD TRAFFIC billions of Passengers in private cars 585.6 699.6 727.8 720.2 +23 +1.2 -1.1 passenger-km billions of Passengers in coaches and buses 41.3 43.0 47.1 49.4 +20 +1.0 +4.8 passenger-km billions Freight (1) 193.9 282.5 352.5 335.3 +73 +3.1 -4.9 of tonnes-km

(1) New work has led to an increase in the amount of road haulage (international and in transit) provided by foreign operators. Source: Transport Accounts, INSEE, DAEI/SOeS.

Automobile traffic is estimated by comparing vehicle counts engines, which now power 58% of this segment. As regards on national, regional, local and urban roads with the average traffic, diesel accounts for 70% of the traffic of light vehicles number of kilometres covered per year by the vehicles in use registered in France, against 54% in 2000 and 30% in 1990. and fuel consumption data. It also includes data on vehicles The consumption per vehicle given in the table above includes registered abroad. over-consumption associated with biofuels, which have a lower Road accounts for 87% of all domestic transport for passen- energy quotient than conventional fuels. Judging by the first -1,000 km gers and 83% for freight. estimates from the French Energy Observatory, deliveries of Drop in the average In 2008, the number of French-registered vehicles on the gasoline in joules fell by 9.1% compared with a drop of 4.5% annual kilometres driven road rose by 0.7%, comparable to previous years, but far in litres, while deliveries of diesel rose 1.2% compared with by a car in France between lower than in the 1990s. More light vehicles are using diesel a 0.9% rise in litres. 2000 and 2008

42_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-40-55.indd 42 30/09/09 15:37:39 EUROPE - FRANCE

ROAD TRAFFIC AND CO2 EMISSIONS The number of French and foreign vehicles on French roads has increased by 28% since 1990, while the

corresponding CO2 emissions have risen by only 8%. The credit for enhanced energy efﬁciency stems from a variety of factors. The average consumption per registered vehicle on the road in France decreased by nearly 17% between 1990 and 2008, as a result of the increased percentage of diesel-powered vehicles, auto improvements and changes in driving behaviour.

On the other hand, not considering the impact of biofuels, the CO2 emissions of an heavy truck transporting one tonne of freight one kilometre across France have dropped by more than a quarter between 1990 and 2008. In 2008, even more than in 2007, the increasing share of biofuels in fuel deliveries – close to annual French targets –

also helps lower CO2 emissions net of renewable energy sources.

TRAFFIC IN FRANCE AND CORRESPONDING CO2 AVERAGE CONSUMPTION EMISSIONS NET OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES OF A PASSENGER CAR ON THE ROAD

Base 100 in 1990 Litres/100 km 135 10

130

125 9

120 8 115

110 7 105

100 6 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Total traffic CO2 emissions All Diesel Gasoline Sources: CITEPA and Traffic Statistics Source: Traffic Statistics

(1) ANNUAL GROWTH RATE OF THE NUMBER CHANGE IN THE AMOUNT OF CO2 EMITTED OF PASSENGER CARS ON THE ROAD IN FRANCE BY A HEAVY TRUCK TRANSPORTING ONE TONNE OF FREIGHT ONE KILOMETRE ACROSS FRANCE 14%

12% Base 100 in 1990 105 10% 100 8% 95 6% 90 4% -5% 85 2% Reduction of CO2 80 0% emissions from road 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2009 75 transport in 2008 compared with 2007, Source: CCFA 70 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 according to CITEPA

1) The reduction of CO2 emissions due to the use AVERAGE KILOMETRES COVERED IN A YEAR of biofuels is not considered. BY A PASSENGER CAR Sources: MEEDDM/SOeS, CCFA calculations

14,500

14,000

13,500

13,000

12,500 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Source: Traffic Statistics

Passenger car traffic involves the number of vehicles on the (5% less than 2007 and 2000) due, among other factors, to the road and the average number of kilometres they cover per year. effects of the economic crisis and the increased share of biofuels

Over the long term, the increase of the fleet has slowed down and in fuel deliveries. For 2007, CO 2 emissions net of renewable energy now shadows the growth of the population as a whole. The growth sources for road transport divide (according to CITEPA) into 54% in multiple car ownership and the sharp rise in fuel prices are for cars, 17% for light commercial vehicles and slightly over 27% behind the drop in the average number of kilometres driven per for heavy trucks including coaches and buses. year by passenger cars. In 2008, the first estimates from CITEPA

for road transport CO2 emissions net of renewable energy sources stand at 118 million tonnes. When comparing this with the levels observed since the start of the 2000s, a clear drop can be seen

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS_43

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-40-55.indd 43 30/09/09 15:37:41 EUROPE - FRANCE PASSENGER TRANSPORT PRICE INDICES In 2008, mainly due to the impact of rising fuel prices, the price index for passenger cars (purchases and use) rose by more than 6%, the same as that for air transport of passengers. The increase was considerably lower for rail transport of passengers (+2%), with a similar pace to preceding years, and the price index for road transport of passengers (not including taxis) continued to fall by almost 2%. The trends recorded in preceding years continued overall in 2008, and since 2003 the real price indices for the various passenger transport modes have changed in very different directions: from a fall of 10% for road transport of passengers (not including taxis) to a 12% increase for personal vehicles, a fall of 1% for air transport and a 3% rise for rail transport.

PRICE INDICES FOR DIFFERENT PASSENGER ANNUAL VARIATION IN PRICE INDICES FOR DIFFERENT TRANSPORT MODES, ADJUSTED FOR INFLATION PASSENGER TRANSPORT MODES, ADJUSTED FOR INFLATION

Base 100 in 2003 115 Passenger cars Road passenger Rail passenger Air passenger 112 transport, transport transport 110 not including taxis

105 1991 3.1% 4.9% 3.6% - 1992 2.1% 4.6% 3.4% - 100 103 1993 3.0% 3.6% 2.9% 1.6% 95 99 1994 2.4% 3.6% 0.7% -1.2% 90 1995 2.5% 2.6% 1.9% 0.8% 90 1996 3.6% 2.4% 1.6% -3.9% 85 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 1997 0.9% 2.4% 0.5% 2.9% 1998 -0.5% 2.0% -0.1% 3.0% Passenger cars 1999 1.2% 0.9% 0.9% -0.8% Rail transport of passengers 2000 5.1% 0.6% 1.4% -0.5% Air transport of passengers 2001 -0.2% 1.4% 2.5% 5.2% Road transport of passengers, not including taxis 2002 0.8% 1.2% 2.6% 3.9% 2003 2.2% 1.5% 3.6% 5.6% Source: INSEE 2004 3.9% 1.7% 2.7% -2.0% 2005 5.1% 0.4% 2.8% -0.4% 2006 3.5% -1.2% 2.4% 2.8% 2007 2.5% -0.4% 2.4% 2.0% 2008 6.2% -1.6% 2.1% 6.6%

Source: INSEE

The price indices of the various passenger transport modes show After remaining near their 1995 level, the real price indices evolutions in prices inclusive of tax. Thus, for air transport, this of the various modes of passenger transport fluctuated in includes airport tax; in other modes, infrastructure-related different directions after 2003: between 2003 and 2008, the costs are only shown insofar as they can be included in the real index associated with passenger cars (purchase and use +12% retail price. Furthermore, only the part paid directly by the of passenger cars) increased by 12%, greatly exceeding its household is considered. For example, if a region or a local 2000 levels. Despite rising for three years in a context of rising and -10% authority decides, in the context of a town or country planning oil prices, the index for air transport of passengers fell by 1%. Respective change strategy or social measures, to subsidise a part of transport- The index for rail transport increased by 3%, continuing the between 2003 and 2008 related expenses, this will appear as a reduction in household increase started in 2000, while the index for road transport in the real price indices expenses. Fuel surcharges have evidently been included in of passengers fell by 10%; it is important to remember that associated with passenger the index for air transport of passengers. only the part paid directly by the households is taken into cars and road transport The indexes for rail and road transport of passengers only consideration. of passengers not relate to intercity links. The index for passenger cars was including taxis defined including purchasing as well as running expenses. To calculate the actual change in the real prices of these main modes of transport, these indices have been adjusted by the consumer price index.

44_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-40-55.indd 44 30/09/09 15:37:44 EUROPE - FRANCE FREIGHT TRANSPORT PRICE INDICES Since 2000, the price index of freight transport by road rose by 2.4% per year on average, from 2% for international to almost 3% for intercity, with 2.3% for proximity freight transport by road. In the same period, the fluvial index showed even greater change, rising by 4% per year, varying from 3% for domestic transport to 5% for international transport. Air transport, followed by fluvial transport and, to a lesser extent, road transport, has seen considerable year-on-year variations in its freight indices. Thus, the air index has shown a 39% difference between its high and low points over the last year. The high volatility of fuel prices and the supply and demand ratio for fluvial transport can be blamed for this variation.

FREIGHT TRANSPORT PRICE INDICES FREIGHT TRANSPORT PRICE INDICES IN FRANCE

Base 100 in 2006 Base 100 in 2006 130 130

120 120

110 110 100 100 90

90 80

80 70 2000 T1 2001 T1 2002 T1 2003 T1 2004 T1 2005 T1 2006 T1 2007 T1 2008 T1 2009 T1 2000 T1 2001 T1 2002 T1 2003 T1 2004 T1 2005 T1 2006 T1 2007 T1 2008 T1 2009 T1

Road transport Fluvial transport Air transport Road transport: intercity Road transport: international Source: MEEDDM/SOeS Fluvial transport: domestic Fluvial transport: international

Source: MEEDDM/SOeS +3% Average annual increase since 2000 of the road haulage price index for intercity freight

Freight transport price indices are calculated by the statistics The increase was considerably lower in the domestic index department of the French Transport Ministry (SOeS). Excluding (+3% per year) than in the international index (+5%). To a les- air, only activities performed on behalf of others by compa- ser extent than with air transport, infra-annual variations nies registered in France with freight as their core business are also found in fluvial transport, more often due to supply is included; a company transporting its own products by its and demand. own means is therefore not counted. The road haulage price index has increased on average by The indices are calculated according to representative services 2.4% per year since 2000. This can be broken down as 2% defined mainly by the loading and unloading locations, the type for international and almost 3% for intercity. Compared with of freight transported, as well as the characteristics of the fluvial and air transport, infra-annual variations are of less contract binding the shipper and the carrier. The data used importance even though, as shown by the structure of road correspond to the current prices at the end of each quarter. haulage cost price of the CNR (see page 47), in December 2008 Monitored since the start of 2006, indices for air freight consist fuel accounted for 22% and 15% respectively of the total cost of freight transport services departing France by air waybill. of long-distance and regional road haulage. The transport service is defined by the unloading location and the airline in charge of transport. Unlike the data for road and fluvial transport, the indices are drawn up using the so-called unit value method. They include fuel and security surcharges paid to the airline providing the transport. Due to the high volatility of fuel prices, the price index for air freight has fluctuated greatly since 2006; a difference of 39% was observed between the low point, in the first quarter of 2009 and the high point, in the third quarter of 2008. After rising by an annual average of 16% between 2006 and 2008, it returned to a level well under that recorded in 2006 in the first quarter of 2009. Available since 2000, the fluvial freight price index underwent an average annual increase of almost 4% up to 2008.

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS_45

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-40-55.indd 45 30/09/09 15:37:51 EUROPE - FRANCE HOUSEHOLD MOTORING COSTS For all households, fuel purchases rise the smaller the district in which the households live. For households with cars, fuel purchases comprise a lower share of overall consumption for the 20% of better-off households (3%), compared with over 4% for other households. In light of the tax component in the price of fuel and insurance, low-income households with cars pay more taxes, proportionally to their consumption, than the 20% of wealthier households.

CAR BUDGET CAR PURCHASES FUEL AND OTHER USE-RELATED SERVICES % of total consumption % of total consumption 20% 6% (mainly tolls)

15% 5% % of total consumption 5% 1.0%

10% 4%

5% 3% 4% 0.5%

0% 2% All households Q1 to Q3 Q4 Q5 All households Q1 to Q3 Q4 Q5

New and used cars New cars Used cars 3% 0.0% All: purchase and usage All Q1 to Q3 Q4 Q5 households

UPKEEP, REPAIRS, SPARE PARTS FUEL COST FOR HOUSEHOLDS, INCLUDING Other services: AND TRANSPORT INSURANCE THOSE WITHOUT CARS, BY RESIDENCE AREA mainly tolls (right-hand scale) Fuel % of total consumption 3% 5%

3% 2% 2% 1% 5% 1% 0% All households Q1 to Q3 Q4 Q5 Weight of fuel All in the total consumption Upkeep, repairs, spare parts and accessories Rural areas of households living Greater Paris in rural areas Transport insurance Towns with over Towns with 20,000 Towns with less than 100,000 inhabitants 20,000 inhabitants to 100,000 inhabitants Source: INSEE, Family Budget Survey 2006

The Family Budget surveys conducted every five years by the In 2005-2006, the vehicle budget for all households with cars French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies amounted to just over 16% of their total consumption. New and (INSEE) reveal the proportion of large consumer items in the used car purchases account for barely a half, ranging from 7% household budget and provide data on the various household for the 60% of households with lowest incomes to 8% for the categories: socio-professional category, age, income, residence fifth quintile. Nearly two thirds of households in Q1-Q3 buy used area, etc. cars, whereas nearly two-thirds of Q5 households buy new There are two important differences for typical car items when cars. compared to national figures. With respect to transport insurance While nearly 4% of total consumption is devoted to fuel, only the costs, the full cost is factored into the surveys, while only the richest quintile spends much less on consumption for this item. service (i.e. spending minus repayments) is recorded at the The same goes for transport insurance. As these items are taxed macroeconomic level. When it comes to spending on used vehi- most heavily, it looks as if car-owning Q1-Q3 households pay cles, the full cost is reflected in the surveys, while at the macroe- more taxes than households in the richest quintile for the use conomic level, this spending corresponds mainly with the margins of their vehicles in proportion to their consumption. made by professionals involved in a transaction, and does not By breaking down all households (car owners or not) into cate- include transactions between individuals. gories of residence location, fuel appears to play a higher role Some charts show the breakdown of different car items as a the smaller the town. This means that households in the Paris percentage of total consumption, equivalent to individual area spend 2% of their consumption on fuel whereas people in consumption (excluding rent) based on income, broken down by rural areas spend 5%. 20% segments of the population: Q5 is the fifth quintile, i.e. the 20% of households with the highest income, ahead of Q4 and then the combination of Q1 to Q3.

46_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-40-55.indd 46 30/09/09 15:37:53 EUROPE - FRANCE ROAD FREIGHT COST PRICE According to CNR, the share of professional diesel in the cost price of long-distance road freight rose by 7 percentage points between 2001 and 2007 to almost 28%. One year later, this share has fallen by more than 5 points to 22%. In the period 2001-2008, the share of infrastructure gained 1.2 point to 6.1% in 2008. The cost of equipment ownership (road tractors and semi-trailers) dropped by 1.5 point to 13%. Between 2002 and 2008, on an annual average, production costs increased by 27%, an average of 4% per year.

ROAD FREIGHT COST PRICE STRUCTURE: ROAD FREIGHT PRODUCTION COST LONG DISTANCE

Base 100: 2002 Q1 30% 140

130

20% 120

110

100 10% 90

80 0% 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 T1 T1 T1 T1 T1 T1 T1 T1 T1 T1 T1 T1

Driving staff Regional Long distance Maintenance Infrastructure Travel expenses Structure costs Professional diesel Equipment ownership

December 2001 December 2008

ROAD FREIGHT COST PRICE STRUCTURE IN DECEMBER 2008 40% 13% 30% Share of vehicle ownership in the CNR index of long-distance 20% road freight costs

10%

Driving staff Maintenance Infrastructure Travel expensesStructure costs Professional diesel Equipment ownership

Regional Long distance

Source: CNR

The National Road Transport Committee (CNR) publishes, In the period 2001-2008, infrastructure costs increased more among others, two indexes showing changes in the cost of than overall costs, from 4.9 to 6,1%. On the other hand, equip- professional road transport: one for long distances and the ment ownership (road tractors and semi-trailers) and mainte- other for regional transport. Long-distance transport covers nance (upkeep and repairs) dropped by 1.5 and 0.9 percentage domestic or international transport by a maxi-code articulated point respectively, more than the figure for driving staff (down truck and trailer where operating restrictions make it impossi- 0.7 percentage point). ble or uncertain for the driver to return home each day. From 2002 to 2008, on an annual average, the production cost Regional transport, with vehicles carrying a total load of between of long-distance road freight rose by 27%, or 4% per year. 3.5 and 19 tonnes, refers to transport within a region and its In the case of regional transport, fuel accounted for 15% of neighbouring regions, where operating conditions enable the combined costs in December 2008; this lower percentage is driver to return home every day. one of the causes of the low 5-point increase in the regional Between December 2001 and 2007, professional diesel, together index between 2002 and 2008 when compared with the long- with substantial increases in oil prices, took an increasin- distance index. gly large role in the production cost of long-distance road freight, rising from 20% to nearly 28% of the total price. One year later, due to dropping oil prices since the summer, it fell back to 22%.

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS_47

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-40-55.indd 47 30/09/09 15:37:58 EUROPE - FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE PRICE INDICES The new passenger car price index rose by 0.6% in 2008, or 2.2 percentage points below inflation; the “bonus/malus” system was taken into account. Since 1995, the new car price index has decreased by 14% in real terms. The rising trend in fuel prices intensified in 2008 (+12.2%), with levels 40% higher than recorded in 2000, when fuel prices increased by more than 18%. Moreover, infra-annual variations were observed throughout 2008; the oil market reached its peak in July before pushing back afterwards. The parts, accessories, repairs and maintenance price index rose by more than 5.1% in 2008, reflecting among other things the higher cost of raw materials, essential technical capital expenditure and better qualified labour.

YEAR-ON-YEAR AUTOMOTIVE PRICE CHANGES

Consumer prices New car prices Prices of car parts, accessories, Fuel prices repair and maintenance 2006 1.6% 1.1% 3.6% 6.0% 2007 1.5% 2.0% 4.2% 1.8% 2008 2.8% 0.6% 5.1% 12.2% Source: INSEE, calculations from CCFA

NEW PASSENGER CAR, FUEL, PARTS, ACCESSORIES, MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR PRICE INDICES, ADJUSTED FOR INFLATION

Base 100 = 1995 150 VAT rate cut from 33.3% to 18.6% August 1995 VAT 20.6 % April 2000 VAT 19.6 % 150 140 Sept. 87 Sept. 89 Sept. 90 April 92 130 1 July 1985 price controls +33% 120 lifted on new passenger cars 113 110 & +60% 100 Respective increases in the 90 price of premium unleaded Feb. 94 - June 95: government scrap incentive 86 80 95 and diesel since 2003 Oct. 95 - Sept. 96: government quality incentive 70 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08

Car parts, accessories, repair and maintenance Passenger cars Fuel Source: INSEE, CCFA presentation

RETAIL PRICE OF DIESEL IN FRANCE AND THAT HARMONISED PRICE INDICES FOR JANUARY 1999, INDEXED FOR CONSUMER PRICES IN THE EUROZONE (13 COUNTRIES)

1.5 In euros per litre135 Base 100 in January 1996 129 1.4 130 1.3 125 1.2 1.1 120 1.0 115 114

0.9 110 0.8 105 0.7 0.6 100 0.5 95 J 90 J 91 J 92 J 93 J 94 J 95 J 96 J 97 J 98 J 99 J 00 J 01 J 02 J 03 J 04 J 05 J 06 J07 J08 J09 J 96 J 97 J 98 J 99 J 00 J 01 J 02 J 03 J 04 J 05 J 06 J07 J08 J09

Retail price of fuel Indexed price General index (HCPI) New and used car price index

Sources: DGEMP, INSEE, calculations from CCFA Source: Eurostat

The table shows year-on-year changes in the following Since then, car prices have continued to decline steadily in real indices: terms due to competition and scrap incentives between 1994 - consumer prices; and 1996. A two-point increase in the VAT rate in April 1995 - new car prices; temporarily slowed the downward movement. - prices of car parts, accessories, repair and maintenance Actual repair and maintenance costs have risen steadily since - fuel prices. 1985, along with the increase in required technology investments The new car price index compares the prices of passenger cars and the improved qualifications of mechanics. Costs stabilised with similar technical characteristics, so that price rises resulting between 1996 and 2000 as declining component costs were offset from quality and equipment improvements can be factored out. by increased labour costs. The index has been rising again since Allowance is made for periodic rebates (except by mutual agree- 2002, mirroring the trend between 1985 and 1996. ment) as well as the “bonus/malus” system. In the Eurozone (13 countries), Eurostat calculates a new and To calculate the actual change in the key components of the cost used car price index; the data from the various countries are of owning a car, these indices have been adjusted by the consumer then harmonised. Since 1996, the evolution of this index compared price index. with that of the general price index has shown intense pressure, When price controls were lifted in 1985, the cost of a new pas- as in France, on prices associated with the stiffness of compe- senger car rose in real terms. Subsequently, the successive cuts tition. This trend continued in 2008, and while the general price in VAT rates on new passenger cars, from 33.3% to 18.6% between index rose by 3.3%, the new and used car index remained almost 1987 and 1992, led to a reduction in new car prices in real stable (+0.2%). terms.

48_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-40-55.indd 48 30/09/09 15:37:59 EUROPE - FRANCE CONSUMER SPENDING ON PRIVATE VEHICLES As a result of the economic and financial crisis and considerable increases in food and energy prices, the purchasing power of French households only rose by 0.6% in 2008, its slowest rate since 1996. Given the rising number of households and their composition, it has even stagnated. The pace of growth in household consumption (in volume) has therefore been substantially curbed, at +1%, against more than 2% between 2001 and 2007. In this context, household purchases of cars have dropped by 4% to €40 billion; the reduction in registrations was enhanced by falling average retail prices (more smaller and inexpensive models), a trend which was favoured by the “bonus/malus” system. Despite the sharpest drop in volume since 1974, household fuel purchases increased rapidly by 9% to €39 billion, in line with the considerable price hikes recorded. This expenditure accounts for 10% more than purchases of new and used cars, whereas in 1990 it was a third lower.

CONSUMER SPENDING ON PRIVATE VEHICLES Amount and as a % of total consumer spending for the year

Unit 1990 1995 2007 (1) 2008 (1) Change 2008-2007 VEHICLE PURCHASES E billions 31.9 4.4% 29.7 3.5% 41.3 3.0% 39.8 2.8% -3.7% - New and used cars 29.6 4.1% 27.3 3.2% 36.9 2.7% 35.3 2.5% -4.2% of which new cars 24.7 3.4% 21.8 2.6% 24.8 1.8% 23.6 1.7% -5.1% - Caravans, motorcycles, bicycles 2.3 0.3% 2.4 0.3% 4.5 0.3% 4.5 0.3% +0.8% RUNNING COSTS E billions 47.9 6.6% 57.5 6.7% 92.5 6.8% 97.4 6.9% +5.3% - Parts and accessories 12.3 1.7% 16.1 1.9% 27.6 2.0% 28.6 2.0% +3.5% - Fuel and lubricants 20.3 2.8% 22.5 2.6% 35.8 2.6% 39.1 2.8% +9.2% - Automotive maintenance and repairs 11.1 1.5% 13.3 1.6% 19.6 1.4% 20.0 1.4% +2.0% - Tolls, parking fees, rental, driving lessons 4.1 0.6% 5.6 0.7% 9.5 0.7% 9.7 0.7% +2.4% INSURANCE E billions 4.1 0.6% 3.9 0.5% 5.9 0.4% 6.0 0.4% +0.8% TOTAL CONSUMER SPENDING E billions 83.8 11.5% 91.0 10.7% 139.8 10.3% 143.2 10.2% +2.4% ON PRIVATE VEHICLES Public transport E billions 10.3 1.4% 11.1 1.3% 21.8 1.6% 22.9 1.6% +5.1% TOTAL CONSUMER SPENDING FOR THE YEAR E billions 726 100% 852 100% 1,359 100% 1,410 100% +3.7% NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS (mainland France) thousands 21,632 22,908 26,623 27,000 +1.4% Spending on private vehicles per household euros 3,875 3,974 5,250 5,302 +1.0% Spending on private vehicles per vehicle-owning euros 5 065 5068 6 371 6 411 +0.6% household , , , ,

(1) These are provisional data and can be readjusted for three years. Source: INSEE – Consumer Spending, 2008 – 2000 base.

PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLD BUDGET TOTAL VEHICLE-RELATED EXPENDITURE ALLOCATED TO OWNING A CAR, 1990 TO 2008

As a % of total consumer spending As a % of total consumer spending 5% 12%

11.5 4.1% 11.5% 4%

11% 10.9 10.9

3% 10.5% 2.8% 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.2 10.2

2% 10 % 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

Vehicle purchases Fuel, lubricants Running costs (excluding fuel)

In 2008, households spent €143 billion (+2.4%) on their allocated to car purchases dropped 0.2 point to 2.8%, which individual transport, most frequently by car. This amount corresponds to a new low point since the start of the 1990s, represents 86% of the total spending that households devote even lower than that observed in 1997. to transport (individual and public). The budget percentage allocated to maintenance and repairs Consumer spending on cars, relative to total consumer spend of private vehicles, which has increased since the 1990s, in line %39 bn ing, is expressed as the percentage of household budget allo- with the end of accession to car ownership and the increase of Household spending cated to owning a car. This percentage has ranged from 10% the average age of cars in the fleet, is now fluctuating between on fuel and lubricants to 11.5% since the start of the 1990s; these macroeconomic 3.4% and 3.5% and has been for several years. in France, according data are based on different concepts than those obtained by After increasing over several years, household spending to the INSEE in 2008 surveys (see page 46). on car insurance only rose slightly in 2008, up 0.8 point to Spending on car purchases tends to fluctuate widely, a fact that €6 billion; this figure was €3.7 billion in 1999. largely explains most of the changes in the percentage of the household budget allocated to owning a car, which currently shows a downward trend. In 2008, the portion of the budget

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS_49

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-40-55.indd 49 30/09/09 15:38:00 EUROPE - FRANCE AUTOMOBILE FINANCING In 2008, 61% of new cars purchased by consumers were bought on credit, compared with less than 60% in 2001-2002. Of these, nearly half were financed with car or conventional loans, ahead of personal loans (35%) and lease financing with a purchase option (19%, compared with 8% to 9% in the late 1990s). Car loans are supported by solutions combining financing, insurance, maintenance and/or support. The new vehicles used by companies (both private cars and light commercial vehicles or heavy trucks) have greater liquidity requirements for financing, and the crisis has made it more difficult to find financing.

CONSUMER FINANCING METHODS TOTAL AMOUNTS OF NEW CREDITS GRANTED FOR NEW CAR PURCHASES TO RESIDENTS OVER A 12-MONTH PERIOD

In E billions 100% 155 9% 8% 9% 10% 11% 13% 14% 19% 19% 90% 15% 17%

80% 125 36% 36% 39% 40% 70% 41% 33% 39% 36% 37% 36% 35% 60% 95 50% 40%

30% 56% 65 51% 50% 50% 53% 54% 47% 46% 46% 47% 20% 48% 10% 35 0% 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Jan. 2003 J2004 J2005 J2006 J2007 J2008 J2009

Car loan Personal loan Home loans Consumer spending (excluding overdrafts) Lease financing, with a purchase option

Sources: ASF, CCFA INTEREST ON LOANS, EXCLUDING OVERDRAFTS

Interest rate in % 8%

61% 7% New cars purchased on credit by consumers in France 6%

5% Jan. 2003 J2004 J2005 J2006 J2007 J2008 J2009

Source: Banque de France

Buyers of new and used cars have the choice of paying cash Between 2003 and 2007, consumer credit has grown sharply in or purchasing the vehicle on credit. France: using data over twelve months, new consumer loans There are three types of financing on offer: (excluding overdrafts) rose from €38 billion in January 2003 to XVgdgXdckZci^dcVaadVchegdk^YZYZî]ZgWni]Z[^cVcXZhjW- over €56 billion at the start of 2008, an average annual increase sidiaries of the manufacturers and importers, or by the subsi- of 8%. Over the same period, home loans rose from €58 to diaries of financial or banking groups, which are independent €145 billion, an annual average of 20%. Such growing debt has from the manufacturers; helped offset lower rises in purchasing power noted by INSEE aZVh^c\lî]VejgX]VhZdei^dc/i]ZaZhhZZ]Vhi]ZjhZd[i]Z for all households. In 2008, due to the financial and economic vehicle and pays rent over the term of the lease, which may be crisis, households have used less credit and considerable drops as long as 72 months, i.e. six years. The purchase option may be were recorded: from 8% for consumer loans to 30% for home exercised during the lease period or on expiry of the lease; loans, which returned to their level of the end of 2004. eZghdcVadgWVcàdVch# Data obtained from a variety of sources (industry associations, registration statistics, surveys, etc.) are used to estimate the percentage of new cars purchased with loans.

50_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-40-55.indd 50 30/09/09 15:38:04 EUROPE - FRANCE CAR AND MOTORCYCLE SALES AND REPAIRS In France, all motor vehicles are sold and repaired through dealership networks, totalling more than 15,000 outlets, of which more than 10,000 are for French makes. Motor vehicle sales generated revenue of €95 billion in 2008, stable compared with 2007, showing the reduction in new light vehicle registrations and the sharp increase in new heavy truck registrations. According to INSEE, vehicle sales and repairs (categorised as J10) involved 72,510 companies on 1 January 2006, just over 6% of which worked for a manufacturer (apart from franchisees) and employed 43% of all staff in the sector. For car sales alone, one ﬁfth of these companies employed 77% of staff in the sector, according to annual surveys of these companies.

LIGHT VEHICLE SALES NETWORKS IN FRANCE STRUCTURE OF HEAVY TRUCK ON 1 JANUARY 2008 NETWORKS BY MAKE

MAKES Primary dealership MAKES Distribution and service After-Sales only Renault 737 Renault Trucks 147 339 Peugeot 442 Volvo Trucks 12 118 Citroën 440 Mercedes-Benz 82 74 French makes 1,619 Iveco 50 77 Ford 316 Scania 48 57 Opel 290 DAF Trucks 32 42 Fiat 228 MAN 28 59 Volkswagen 389 TOTAL 399 766

BMW 186 Sources: CNPA, Sale and Repair of Heavy trucks in France, Mercedes-Benz 154 March 2006, and CCFA. Japanese makes 1,297 South Korean makes 454 Other makes 1,706 TOTAL 6,639

Sources: CNPA, CCFA

VEHICLE SALE AND REPAIR REVENUE In current E billions, including VAT Activity 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Change 2008-2007 Automotive sales 77.7 81.9 87.8 89.2 94.7 94.6 -0.1% Automotive maintenance and repairs 18.7 20.0 20.5 21.4 22.2 22.5 1.4% Retail automotive equipment sales 5.3 5.2 5.7 5.8 6.0 6.1 1.5% Motorcycle sales and repairs 3.7 3.9 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.0 0.7% Retail fuel sales 11.2 11.7 13.1 13.8 13.9 15.4 11.0% TOTAL 116.6 122.8 130.8 134.0 140.7 142.6 1.3%

Source: INSEE – Trade accounts: the results are provisional.

Vehicles require special care throughout their service life. This care includes continuous supervision whenever and whe- rever necessary with optimum servicing in order to maintain the vehicle’s initial qualities. Vehicle manufacturers and official dealers and repair specialists thus work closely to provide maintenance and repairs. %95 bn They also cooperate to ensure warranty service, driver safety, French motor vehicle environmental protection, spare parts availability and infor- revenue, including VAT, mation about technical improvements. according to INSEE To ensure a link between sales and customer support, dea- ler networks are based on carefully selected distributors and repair specialists capable of meeting make and product requirements.

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS_51

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-40-55.indd 51 30/09/09 15:38:08 EUROPE - FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY PRODUCTION AND ITS ECONOMIC IMPACT From the start of the 2000s, the production of the automotive industry has ranged between €85 and €95 billion. Its 2008 level (€88 billion) exceeds, in current euros, its production for 1996 by 58%. In a very difficult climate for the automotive market, and together with rising raw material prices, the value added (VA) of the automotive industry has continued to fall, reaching €11 billion in 2008 (or 12% of total production). Its total purchases (or intermediate consumption) represented 7 times its VA, with €77 billion, benefitting a number of economic sectors. The operating margin (ratio between operating cash flow and VA) was 17% in 2007, lower than observed in 1993 (20%), and than the average observed over the last twenty years (30%). A capital-intensive industry, the gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) in the automotive segment totalled €358 billion in 2008, giving an investment rate (GFCF to VA ratio) of 32% (19% overall and 17% for the industry excluding energy).

ANALYSIS OF AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY PRODUCTION

1990 1995 2000 2005 2007(1) 2008(1) PURCHASES FROM OTHER INDUSTRIES % - - 59.9 66.9 61.7 - Consumer goods industries %--2.73.83.0- of which: apparel, leather % - - 0.3 0.3 0.2 - household equipment % - - 2.2 3.2 2.6 - Capital goods industries % - - 9.1 10.3 8.8 - of which: mechanical equipment % - - 6.0 6.9 6.0 - electrical and electronic equipment % - - 2.9 3.4 2.7 - ships, aircraft and railway rolling stock % - - 0.1 0.1 0.1 - Intermediate goods industries % - - 32.3 34.8 32.2 - of which: metallurgy and metalworking % - - 16.1 17.0 16.1 - chemicals, rubber, plastics % - - 8.9 10.3 9.4 - electrical and electronic components % - - 4.1 3.9 3.4 - mineral products % - - 1.4 1.7 1.6 - textiles % - - 1.3 1.4 1.1 - Energy %--1.21.31.3- of which: electricity, gas and water supply % - - 0.6 0.7 0.7 - fuels and motor fuels % - - 0.5 0.6 0.6 - Construction %--0.10.20.2- Transport %--0.50.60.6- Financial services % - - 0.8 0.8 0.8 - of which: financial intermediation % - - 0.6 0.5 0.5 - insurance and auxiliary activities % - - 0.2 0.3 0.3 - Real estate activities % - -0.30.30.3- of which: property leasing % - - 0.3 0.3 0.3 - Corporate services % - - 11.3 12.6 12.2 - of which: consultancy and support % - - 3.9 4.6 3.7 - operating services % - - 3.2 3.1 2.9 - research and development % - - 4.0 4.7 5.3 - post and telecommunications % - - 0.3 0.3 0.2 - Other commercial sector industries %--1.62.12.2- All commercial sector purchases % - - 14.5 16.5 16.1 - PURCHASES WITHIN THE INDUSTRY % - - 40.1 33.1 38.3 - Total production at base prices E billions 49.7 55.3 85.8 91.4 95.0 87.7 In % of production at base % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 TOTAL PURCHASES (2) E billions 38.9 43.3 69.8 76.5 82.1 76.8 In % of production at base % 78.1 78.3 81.3 83.7 86.4 87.6 Value added by the industry E billions 10.9 12.0 16.0 14.9 12.9 10.9 In % of production at base % 21.9 21.7 18.7 16.3 13.6 12.4 Operating cash flow (OCF) E billions 3.4 3.5 6.6 4.2 2.1 - In % of value added (margin rate) % 30.8 28.9 41.2 28.1 16.6 - Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) E billions - - 5.0 3.7 3.3 3.5 In % of value added (investment rate) % - - 31.4 24.6 25.9 32.2 Source: INSEE - National Accounts (base 2000). (1) Data for 2007 are to be confirmed and data for 2008 are provisional. (2) Total purchases (intermediate consumption): value of goods and services transformed or consumed fully during the production process. It does not include the depreciation of fixed production assets, which is recorded in uses of capital employed.

Total industry purchases in 2007 were split more than one- The most requested corporate services were research and third within the industry and less than two-thirds from other development (5%), consultancy and support (4%), and ope- industries. rating services (3%). 17% Intermediate goods accounted for less than a third of purcha- Purchases of capital goods (mechanical, electrical and Operating margin of ses, including metallurgy; the metalworking industry remained electronic equipment) accounted for more than 9% of total the automotive industry the leading supplier, accounting for 16% of total purchases. purchases. in 2007, nearly half The commercial sector accounted for 16% of purchases. average observed over the last twenty years

52_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-40-55.indd 52 30/09/09 15:38:08 EUROPE - FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE OEMS AND SUPPLIERS French automobile manufacturing acts as a structure for its suppliers and the French economy as a whole. The industry drives the OEM and supplier sectors, such as plastics, industrial rubber, casting and industrial metalworking services, etc. The French automotive manufacturing sector ranks seventh in the world and second in Europe, while the French OEM industry in the broad sense ranks fourth in the world and second in Europe.

FRENCH SUPPLIER CHAIN ACCORDING TO SESSI

Invoicing totalled €56.9 billion in 2006. Plastics 5.7 Any equipment system project involves a variety of partici- Electronics pants of different sizes, busi- Industrial rubber 3.2 nesses and ranks, from design 1.7 to assembly.

Manufacturing equipment OEMs 9.6 Manufacturers 22.6

Tyres Metal 3.7 6.8 Bearings Glass 0.7 0.4 Casting 2.5

A variety of participants of different sizes, businesses and ranks contribute to automotive manufacturing. A wide array of partnership solutions are also deployed, as shown by studies st conducted by the Service des études et des statistiques industriel- 1 les (Department for Industrial Studies and Statistics - SESSI) on the automotive supplier chain. The automotive industry The French automotive comprises automotive manufacturing and suppliers. industry is the largest In recent years, outsourcing has meant increasing reliance customer of the on suppliers, whose services represent a large and growing plastics, industrial rubber and industrial proportion of the total cost of vehicle manufacture (about metalworking services three quarters according to the French Automotive Equipment sectors Industries Association). According to SESSI, the French automotive industry, which leverages the French industrial base, made purchases of nearly €57 billion from its suppliers in France in 2006. It accounts for more than half of the engineered plastics parts business, and around half of industrial rubber markets, the casting business, and industrial metalworking services, which include cutting, stamping, industrial mechanics, machining, forging, drop forging, die forging and metal coatings. When expressed in jobs, these purchases highlight the automotive industry’s significant contribution to industry and the French economy.

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS_53

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-40-55.indd 53 30/09/09 15:38:12 EUROPE - FRANCE EMPLOYMENT In the broadest sense, automobiles provided work for more than 2.4 million people, representing 10% of France’s employed working population, in 2008. The automotive industry alone directly employed 257,000 people, representing more than 9% of all employment in the manufacturing and energy sector. These estimates, which correspond to annual averages, are only a partial reﬂection of the impact of the economic and ﬁnancial crisis of 2008, which was particularly bad in the fourth quarter.

JOBS DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY RELATED TO THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY IN 2008 GEOGRAPHIC BREAKDOWN In thousands of jobs OF AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY EMPLOYEES IN 2007

Manufacturing and energy sector Services Greater Paris Nord - Pas-de-Calais 278 143 region 12% 13%

Franche-Comté TOTAL RAW MATERIALS AND SERVICES 10% 421 Others Bodywork, 39% Rhône-Alpes Automotive Equipment 10% manufacturing and accessories trailers, caravans 163 69 25 Alsace 8% Lorraine

TOTAL AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY 8% 257 Source: SESSI

TOTAL PRODUCTION OPERATIONS 678

Sales, repairs, As the driving force behind industrial output in France, the auto- vehicle testing, Automotive motive industry and its suppliers directly and indirectly created short-term rentals, equipment retailing Insurance, 678,000 jobs either in production or through its purchases breakdown 71 experts and financing and recycling from other sectors. Vehicle usage provided jobs for more than 87 660,000 people, particularly in the areas of vehicle-related 430 services (sales, repairs, automotive equipment retailing, etc.), fuel and recycling (oil recovery, car breakers, etc.). Finally, the road transport (passenger and freight) sector and its related infrastructure employed more than 1 million Fuel retailing Driving schools, Motor sport, people. These include both outsourced and in-house transport operations. 35 licensing media, 25 publishing, other In a broader sense of freight transport and logistics (sto- 13 rage and related services), the French Transport Ministry’s Statistics Department (SOeS) carried out a multi-sector analysis that showed there were 1.5 million employees in TOTAL USE OF AUTOMOBILES this sector in 2004. In the past, most jobs in the automotive 661 industry (including automotive equipment) were located in the Greater Paris area. The industry has since become more decentralised, with only 12% of employees still based in the Road transport Paris region. (passengers and Police, health Road building The other main automotive regions are Nord-Pas-de-Calais freight, outsourced service, education, and maintenance (13%), Franche-Comté (10%), Upper and Lower Normandy and in-house), non-commercial administration 135 (10%), Rhône-Alpes (10%), and Alsace and Lorraine (8% related services each). 960 34

TOTAL TRANSPORT 1,129 10% TOTAL JOBS French people in 2,468 employment working in the automotive Sources : CCFA, CNPA, SESSI, INSEE, SOeS, URF and USIRF industry (direct and indirect jobs)

54_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_04_EuropeFrance-40-55.indd 54 30/09/09 15:38:16 Statistics WORLD PRODUCTION Each country’s production figures are based on nationally reported data. Double counting is eliminated in regional totals.

PASSENGER CARS In units 1980 1990 2000 (2) 2004 2005 (2) 2006 2007 2008 EUROPE 11,983,548 15,231,409 17,407,047 17,829,721 17,677,904 18,099,954 19,330,513 18,373,538 WESTERN EUROPE 10,401,320 13,061,853 14,778,879 14,664,891 14,222,460 13,934,905 14,216,262 12,844,151 Germany 3,520,934 4,660,657 5,131,918 5,192,101 5,350,187 5,398,508 5,709,139 5,526,882 Belgium 882,001 1,160,412 912,233 857,119 895,109 881,929 789,674 680,131 Spain 1,028,813 1,679,301 2,366,359 2,402,501 2,098,168 2,078,639 2,195,780 1,943,049 France (1) 2,938,581 3,294,815 2,879,810 3,227,416 3,112,961 2,723,196 2,550,869 2,145,935 Italy 1,445,221 1,874,672 1,422,284 833,578 725,528 892,502 910,860 659,221 Netherlands 80,779 121,300 215,085 187,600 115,121 87,332 61,912 59,223 Portugal 61,000 60,221 178,509 150,781 137,602 143,478 134,047 132,242 United Kingdom 923,744 1,295,611 1,641,452 1,647,246 1,596,356 1,442,085 1,534,567 1,446,619 Sweden 235,320 335,853 259,959 290,383 288,659 288,583 316,850 252,287 CENTRAL AND 1,582,228 2,002,000 2,330,692 2,717,678 3,001,781 3,619,367 4,479,368 4,907,820 EASTERN EUROPE TURKEY 31,529 167,556 297,476 447,152 453,663 545,682 634,883 621,567 AMERICA 8,663,060 8,450,862 10,022,089 8,566,853 8,816,463 9,302,895 9,325,594 9,238,009 NAFTA 7,526,658 7,747,823 8,371,806 6,468,454 6,523,591 6,892,197 6,475,498 6,213,082 of which: Canada 846,777 1,072,281 1,550,500 1,335,516 1,356,271 1,427,582 1,342,133 1,195,436 USA 6,376,825 6,077,449 5,542,217 4,229,625 4,321,272 4,366,996 3,924,268 3,776,358 Mexico 303,056 598,093 1,279,089 903,313 846,048 1,097,619 1,209,097 1,241,288 SOUTH AMERICA 1,136,402 703,039 1,650,283 2,098,399 2,292,872 2,410,698 2,850,096 3,024,927 of which: Argentina 218,516 81,107 238,921 171,400 182,761 263,120 350,735 399,577 Brazil 977,697 663,097 1,351,998 1,862,780 2,011,817 2,092,029 2,391,354 2,561,496 ASIA-PACIFIC 8,796,971 11,910,333 13,573,073 17,870,039 20,049,013 22,175,957 24,212,695 24,646,730 of which: China - - 605,000 2,480,231 3,931,807 5,233,132 6,381,116 6,737,745 South Korea 55,000 986,751 2,602,008 3,122,600 3,357,094 3,489,136 3,723,482 3,450,478 India 30,538 176,015 517,957 1,178,354 1,264,111 1,473,235 1,713,479 1,829,677 Japan 7,038,108 9,947,972 8,359,434 8,720,385 9,016,735 9,754,903 9,944,637 9,916,149 AFRICA 277,058 209,603 213,444 287,655 319,598 339,772 332,544 378,929 of which: South Africa 277,058 209,603 230,577 300,963 324,875 334,482 276,018 321,124 TOTAL 29,720,637 35,802,207 41,215,653 44,554,268 46,862,978 49,918,578 53,201,346 52,637,206

COMMERCIAL VEHICLES In units

1980 1990 2000 (2) 2004 2005 (2) 2006 2007 2008 EUROPE 2,563,596 2,688,509 2,783,468 3,004,979 3,140,884 3,299,335 3,522,065 3,397,247 WESTERN EUROPE 1,663,080 1,671,915 2,326,653 2,186,349 2,246,463 2,341,198 2,474,948 2,326,207 Germany 357,619 315,895 394,697 377,853 407,523 421,106 504,321 513,700 Belgium 47,029 91,784 121,061 43,154 31,419 36,127 44,729 44,367 Spain 152,846 374,049 666,515 609,673 654,332 698,796 693,923 598,595 France (1) 439,852 474,178 468,551 438,574 436,047 446,023 464,985 423,043 Italy 166,635 246,178 316,031 308,527 312,824 319,092 373,452 364,553 Netherlands 32,102 29,832 52,234 59,903 65,627 72,122 76,656 73,271 Portugal 58,000 77,466 68,215 75,947 83,458 83,847 42,195 42,913 United Kingdom 389,170 270,133 172,442 209,293 206,753 207,707 215,686 202,896 Sweden 63,080 74,415 41,384 49,887 50,570 44,489 49,170 56,747 CENTRAL AND 900,516 975,000 323,203 442,374 468,632 516,039 582,587 545,497 EASTERN EUROPE TURKEY 19,352 41,594 133,471 376,256 425,789 442,098 464,530 525,543 AMERICA 2,599,948 5,032,605 9,761,798 10,380,452 10,492,212 9,761,754 9,828,465 7,678,506 NAFTA 2,349,318 4,775,818 9,325,214 9,809,628 9,795,192 9,016,810 8,979,266 6,760,976 of which: Canada 527,522 850,566 1,411,136 1,376,020 1,331,621 1,143,784 1,236,657 882,153 USA 1,634,846 3,702,787 7,257,640 7,759,762 7,625,381 6,925,127 6,856,461 4,928,881 Mexico 186,950 222,465 656,438 673,846 838,190 947,899 886,148 949,942 SOUTH AMERICA 250,630 256,787 436,584 570,824 697,020 744,944 849,199 917,530 of which: Argentina 63,153 5,337 100,711 89,002 136,994 168,981 193,912 197,509 Brazil 187,477 251,450 329,519 454,447 519,023 519,005 585,796 658,979 ASIA-PACIFIC 4,344,363 4,492,406 4,497,938 6,421,509 5,784,312 6,013,551 6,502,163 6,609,654 of which: China - - 1,464,000 2,754,265 1,776,614 2,044,767 2,501,340 2,607,356 South Korea 65,012 334,879 512,990 346,864 342,256 350,966 362,826 356,204 India 83,379 186,640 283,403 332,803 374,563 543,276 540,250 484,985 Japan 4,004,776 3,538,824 1,781,362 1,791,133 1,782,924 1,729,330 1,651,690 1,647,480 AFRICA 127,698 125,174 115,305 135,012 202,053 229,757 212,022 203,918 of which: South Africa 127,698 125,174 126,787 154,739 200,352 253,237 258,472 241,841 TOTAL 9,675,970 12,399,000 17,158,509 19,941,952 19,619,461 19,304,397 20,064,715 17,889,325

(1) As of 1996, figures are based on the number of vehicles assembled in France by French manufacturers (2) As of 2001, some passenger cars were reclassified as commercial vehicles Sources: CCFA, OICA

56_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_05_Statistiques.indd 56 30/09/09 15:20:31 WORLD PRODUCTION

WORLD MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION BY MANUFACTURER AND ECONOMIC AREA, 2008 In thousands Economic area/Manufacturers North South European Other Japan South China Other Asian, TOTAL America America Union 27 European Korea Pacific and NAFTA countries countries African and Turkey countries European manufacturers 923 2,277 12,753 694 267 189 1,127 622 18,852 BMW 171 1,221 48 1,440 Fiat-Iveco-Irisbus 774 1,501 184 59 6 2,524 MAN 106 2 108 Daimler 258 125 1,506 20 185 25 55 2,174 Porsche 97 97 PSA Peugeot Citroën 266 2,478 65 34 172 311 3,325 Renault-Dacia-Samsung 9 238 1,511 360 189 110 2,417 Scania 0 22 58 80 Volkswagen 451 836 4,125 62 872 92 6,437 Volvo 34 16 151 48 249 American manufacturers 7,673 1,125 3,882 429 0 813 1,282 595 15,798 Chrysler 1,865 28 1,893 Ford 2,217 410 2,142 269 255 114 5,407 General Motors 3,443 715 1,644 161 813 1,027 481 8,283 Navistar 90 0 90 Paccar 58 67 125 Japanese manufacturers 4,129 368 1,682 183 11,399 0 1,759 3,475 22,995 Fuji Heavy (Subaru) 92 525 616 Honda 1,421 133 230 50 1,264 473 341 3,913 Isuzu 2 25 6 254 17 234 539 Mazda 91 13 1,079 105 61 1,349 Mitsubishi 59 39 62 854 47 261 1,321 Nissan 996 6 544 1,293 379 176 3,395 Suzuki-Maruti 12 285 1,218 186 922 2,624 Toyota-Daihatsu-Hino 1,455 152 562 127 4,912 551 1,479 9,238 South Korean manufacturers 237 0 214 81 0 2,729 437 475 4,172 Hyundai-Kia 237 214 81 2,729 437 475 4,172 Chinese manufacturers 00000812010282 SAIC (Ssangyong) 81 201 282 Indian manufacturers 0026100110526798 Tata (Telco, Jaguar, Land Rover) 261 0 11 526 798 ALL MANUFACTURERS 12,974 3,942 18,432 3,339 11,564 3,807 9,345 7,124 70,527 As % of total production European manufacturers 5% 12% 68% 4% 1% 1% 6% 3% 100% BMW 12% 85% 3%100% Fiat-Iveco-Irisbus 31% 59% 7% 2%0% 100% MAN 98%2% 100% Daimler 12% 6% 69% 1% 9% 1% 3% 100% Porsche 100% 100% PSA Peugeot Citroën 8% 75% 2% 1% 5% 9% 100% Renault-Dacia-Samsung 0% 10% 63% 15% 8% 5% 100% Scania 0% 27% 72% 100% Volkswagen 7% 13% 64% 1% 14% 1% 100% Volvo 14% 6% 61% 19% 100% American manufacturers 49% 7% 25% 3% 0% 5% 8% 4% 100% Chrysler 99% 1% 100% Ford 41% 8% 40% 5% 5% 2% 100% General Motors 42% 9% 20% 2% 10% 12% 6% 100% Navistar 100% 0% 100% Paccar 46% 54% 100% Japanese manufacturers 18% 2% 7% 1% 50% 0% 8% 15% 100% Fuji Heavy (Subaru) 15% 85% 100% Honda 36% 3% 6% 1% 32% 12% 9% 100% Isuzu 0% 5% 1% 47% 3% 43% 100% Mazda 7% 1% 80% 8%5% 100% Mitsubishi 4% 3% 5% 65% 4%20% 100% Nissan 29% 0% 16% 38% 11% 5% 100% Suzuki-Maruti 0% 11% 46% 7%35%100% Toyota-Daihatsu-Hino 16% 2% 6% 1% 53% 6% 16% 100% South Korean manufacturers 6% 0% 5% 2% 0% 65% 10% 11% 100% Hyundai-Kia 6% 5% 2% 65% 10% 11% 100% Chinese manufacturers 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 29% 71% 0% 100% SAIC (Ssangyong) 29% 71% 100% Indian manufacturers 0% 0% 33% 0% 0% 1% 0% 66% 100% Tata (Telco, Jaguar, Land Rover) 33% 0% 1% 66% 100% ALL MANUFACTURERS 18% 6% 26% 5% 16% 5% 13% 10% 100%

Sources: CCFA, OICA COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS _57

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_05_Statistiques.indd 57 30/09/09 15:20:32 WORLD REGISTRATIONS

NEW PASSENGER CAR REGISTRATIONS BY COUNTRY In units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Germany 2,426,187 3,349,788 3,378,343 3,266,825 3,319,259 3,467,961 3,148,163 3,090,040 Austria 227,548 288,618 309,427 311,292 307,915 308,594 298,182 293,697 Belgium 399,240 473,506 515,204 484,757 480,088 526,141 524,795 535,947 Denmark 73,774 80,654 112,688 121,491 146,881 154,383 159,341 150,143 Spain (1) 504,051 988,270 1,381,515 1,517,286 1,528,877 1,634,608 1,614,835 1,161,176 Finland 103,167 139,095 134,646 142,439 147,949 145,689 123,163 139,611 France 1,873,202 2,309,130 2,133,884 2,013,709 2,067,789 2,000,549 2,064,543 2,050,282 Greece 35,700 115,480 290,222 289,691 269,728 267,669 279,745 267,295 Ireland 93,563 82,584 230,989 154,136 171,741 178,766 186,335 151,603 Italy 1,717,432 2,307,055 2,415,600 2,263,693 2,237,272 2,325,718 2,492,774 2,161,673 Luxembourg 21,500 38,422 41,896 48,234 48,517 50,837 51,332 52,359 Norway 95,550 61,901 97,376 115,645 109,907 109,164 129,195 110,617 Netherlands 450,076 502,732 597,640 483,750 465,160 483,970 505,540 499,918 Portugal 58,357 210,924 257,834 197,584 206,488 194,702 201,816 213,389 United Kingdom 1,513,761 2,008,934 2,221,670 2,567,269 2,439,717 2,344,864 2,404,007 2,131,795 Sweden 192,588 229,941 290,529 264,246 274,301 282,766 306,799 253,982 Switzerland 279,764 329,899 316,519 269,385 264,941 269,452 284,688 288,557 European Union (15 countries ) 9,690,146 13,125,133 14,312,087 14,126,402 14,111,682 14,367,217 14,361,370 13,152,910 Europe (17 countries) 10,065,460 13,516,933 14,725,982 14,511,432 14,486,530 14,745,833 14,775,253 13,552,084 Central and Eastern Europe 1,900,000 1,600,474 2,551,000 3,145,116 3,368,221 3,892,851 4,785,713 5,171,416 Canada 948,967 886,217 849,132 819,413 842,322 858,826 841,585 872,866 USA 8,760,937 9,300,678 8,846,625 7,505,932 7,667,066 7,820,854 7,618,413 6,813,536 Mexico 286,000 353,000 603,010 741,617 714,047 680,942 641,394 589,051 Argentina 215,177 77,306 224,950 223,466 290,648 336,296 422,230 452,894 Brazil 793,028 532,791 1,188,818 1,316,697 1,440,696 1,634,396 2,086,681 2,341,709 South Korea 45,972 626,126 1,057,620 884,532 944,451 976,211 1,040,372 1,020,457 Japan 2,854,185 5,102,659 4,259,771 4,768,097 4,748,482 4,612,318 4,325,508 4,184,266 Turkey 31,000 215,000 456,696 451,209 438,597 373,219 357,465 305,998 WORLD 28,500,000 34,825,967 38,689,767 42,043,635 44,015,119 46,602,403 49,515,309 48,411,148 Source: CCFA

NEW COMMERCIAL VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS BY COUNTRY In units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Germany 175,687 203,389 314,804 283,401 295,627 304,433 334,116 334,999 Austria 21,821 29,211 36,457 39,507 37,678 38,793 41,509 42,303 Belgium 34,478 46,670 66,125 70,093 75,083 72,079 81,664 81,276 Denmark 19,469 23,031 38,108 51,210 64,293 71,965 66,867 41,465 Spain (1) 105,934 249,185 335,684 374,058 430,611 318,526 324,463 201,367 Finland 17,699 32,154 18,128 22,096 19,955 20,941 20,944 21,632 France 323,291 446,983 477,204 459,851 480,122 498,397 519,492 523,432 Greece 53,500 30,075 25,015 26,284 25,538 26,391 27,130 25,570 Ireland 11,905 28,087 46,261 34,416 41,965 46,957 50,013 34,010 Italy 122,293 159,322 268,057 254,712 246,894 273,021 276,548 260,412 Luxembourg 1,300 2,961 4,642 3,834 4,605 4,675 5,315 6,046 Norway 15,135 23,035 35,618 38,408 42,681 49,243 53,008 42,630 Netherlands 47,926 68,791 114,354 101,455 80,771 84,713 97,275 104,139 Portugal 46,967 71,904 161,045 76,611 71,982 70,472 74,790 61,730 United Kingdom 274,143 293,473 301,523 392,225 388,410 389,496 395,179 353,463 Sweden 19,684 33,133 38,474 37,371 41,807 47,194 51,923 47,477 Switzerland 22,418 28,165 29,345 25,651 26,702 28,932 30,720 32,789 European Union (15 countries) 1,276,097 1,718,369 2,245,881 2,227,124 2,305,341 2,268,053 2,367,228 2,139,321 Europe (17 countries) 1,313,650 1,769,569 2,310,844 2,291,183 2,374,724 2,346,228 2,450,956 2,214,740 Central and Eastern Europe 850,000 874,072 579,060 776,898 847,773 888,951 1,015,478 992,476 Canada 335,827 416,041 736,951 755,390 787,820 807,182 848,760 800,100 USA 2,476,777 4,845,360 8,965,048 9,792,641 9,777,263 9,228,127 8,841,902 6,679,600 Mexico 166,000 198,000 302,944 381,628 452,600 507,180 510,290 486,712 Argentina 59,881 17,481 81,995 88,495 112,042 124,182 142,696 158,876 Brazil 187,233 180,000 302,288 262,078 273,948 293,342 376,047 478,641 South Korea 58,502 328,151 372,840 244,832 244,332 244,000 249,000 211,000 Japan 2,161,305 2,674,834 1,703,114 1,085,219 1,103,552 1,127,202 1,028,140 897,969 Turkey 19,000 43,015 199,825 290,060 319,940 292,296 276,741 220,546 WORLD 9,150,000 13,410,615 18,723,143 21,040,669 21,945,086 21,309,891 21,573,201 19,535,782 (1) As of 2006, some light commercial vehicles have been reclassified as passenger cars. Source: CCFA

58_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_05_Statistiques.indd 58 30/09/09 15:20:32 EUROPE PRODUCTION

PASSENGER CAR PRODUCTION BY ENGINE TYPE, CYLINDER CAPACITY AND COUNTRY In units Gasoline and others, except diesel and electric Diesel Electric TOTAL Up to 1,001 to 1,501 to 2,001 to Over Not TOTAL Up to 1,501 to 2,001 to Over Not 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 2,501 determined 1,500 2,000 2,500 2,501 determined GERMANY 1990 3,998,650 3,747 779,288 2,521,197 338,965 355,453 662,007 11,986 504,025 117,413 28,583 2007 2,879,052 17,274 567,983 1,355,696 209,505 728,594 2,830,087 164,943 1,995,769 263,858 405,517 2008 2,891,574 18,939 575,402 1,382,255 168,764 746,191 23 2,640,456 149,938 1,885,420 276,629 328,469 BELGIUM 1990 1,003,028 207,398 727,812 65,542 2,276 157,384 2,764 126,394 28,226 2007 359,271 51,144 205,511 102,278 338 430,403 32,279 357,718 40,406 2008 294,953 48,494 169,672 74,866 1,921 385,178 26,857 315,842 42,479 SPAIN 1990 1,529,080 25,908 329,437 12,739 1,160,996 150,221 18,753 42,155 89,313 2007 1,388,751 303,122 270,510 5,873 809,246 920,023 250,646 466,561 100,429 570 101,817 2008 1,173,541 359,122 205,615 2,749 606,055 840,320 287,253 342,280 63,539 319 146,929 FRANCE 1990 2,490,808 259,104 1,315,307 853,195 21,266 41,936 804,007 50,851 547,002 206,154 2007 2,987,796 216,372 1,162,106 1,435,660 16,281 11,948 145,429 2,312,801 961,546 1,299,962 42,568 8,725 2008 2,882,520 253,665 1,072,551 1,362,382 7,8 4 3 3,8 54 182,225 2,018,059 886,569 1,075,275 48,204 7,867 144 ITALY 1990 1,756,118 685,385 644,895 402,929 38 20,614 2,257 118,427 25,299 75,891 17,169 68 127 2007 432,012 355,267 48,453 8,174 20,118 478,848 224,363 236,736 17,749 2008 337,922 277,089 36,337 4,282 20,214 321,299 132,423 180,920 7,956 UNITED KINGDOM 1990 1,173,660 56,860 489,355 449,008 68,744 109,693 121,951 93,644 8,610 19,697 2007 968,893 174,401 647,993 10,507 135,908 84 565,501 117,500 169,515 197,557 80,929 2008 912,253 182,510 584,967 32,952 111,658 166 535,297 148,156 140,698 161,640 83,703 1,100

DIESEL PASSENGER CAR PRODUCTION BY MAKE AND COUNTRY In units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 French manufacturers Citroën 33,996 213,010 453,604 578,528 546,021 567,042 628,713 585,347 Peugeot 133,332 334,469 593,349 775,861 805,490 709,440 680,576 556,254 PSA Peugeot Citroën (1) 167,328 547,479 1,046,953 1,354,389 1,351,511 1,276,482 1,309,289 1,141,601 Renault 69,335 256,528 601,495 1,059,944 966,687 867,011 902,957 739,828 Dacia 3,681 9,824 61,777 95,358 95,358 Renault Samsung Motors 2,557 86 0 5,197 41,272 Renault-Dacia-Samsung 1,066,182 976,597 928,788 1,003,512 876,458 Total (2) 236,663 804,007 1,648,448 2,420,571 2,328,108 2,205,270 2,312,801 2,018,059 TOTAL GASOLINE + DIESEL 2,938,581 3,294,815 4,598,617 5,168,330 5,177,852 5,047,274 5,300,597 4,900,579 Diesel share 8.1% 24.4% 35.8% 46.8% 45.0% 43.7% 43.6% 41.2%

Germany Mercedes (2) 216,053 141,547 278,772 371,100 365,403 391,758 414,675 397,553 Opel 32,742 76,441 288,651 351,370 361,112 310,346 310,802 238,910 Volkswagen-Audi-Seat 211,199 325,767 847,652 1,092,674 1,112,321 1,131,175 1,278,671 1,238,822 Ford 5,344 90,117 179,130 304,714 372,133 333,022 342,580 348,715 BMW 33,520 28,135 194,794 282,032 345,998 388,577 483,359 416,432 Total (2) 465,788 662,007 1,788,999 2,401,890 2,556,967 2,554,878 2,830,087 2,640,456 TOTAL GASOLINE + DIESEL 3,520,934 4,660,657 5,131,918 5,192,101 5,344,098 5,398,508 5,709,139 5,532,030 Diesel share 13.2% 14.2% 34.9% 46.3% 47.8% 47.3% 49.6% 47.7%

Italy Alfa Romeo 3,851 11,176 77,532 109,782 92,589 111,896 114,212 72,405 Fiat 76,513 87,985 223,889 235,355 267,801 306,414 328,545 207,314 Lancia 17,679 40,891 49,930 37,932 32,699 31,002 36,817 Others 0297001641155,0894,763 Total (2) 80,364 117,137 342,312 395,067 398,486 451,124 478,848 321,299 TOTAL GASOLINE + DIESEL 1,445,221 1,874,672 1,422,243 833,578 725,528 892,502 910,860 659,221 Diesel share 5.6% 6.2% 24.1% 47.4% 54.9% 50.5% 52.6% 48.7% (1) Including Talbot up to 1985. (2) Including others. Source: CCFA

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LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLE AND HEAVY TRUCK PRODUCTION BY WEIGHT, MANUFACTURER AND COUNTRY IN 2008, EXCLUDING COACHES AND BUSES In units Group, manufacturer and country GVWR (1) 3.5t to 5t GVWR over 5t to 16t GVWR 16t and over, GVWR 3.5t and over GVWR over 5t road tractors all weights Renault 94,445 94,445 - Renault Trucks 5,271 9,874 47,254 62,399 57,128 Scania 12,629 12,629 12,629 Etalmobil 34 74 TOTAL FRANCE 99,719 9,878 59,883 169,480 69,761 Daimler 143,506 28,458 91,989 263,953 120,447 MAN 60,521 60,521 60,521 Iveco Magirus 22,403 22,403 22,403 Volkswagen 47,869 47,869 - Multicar 1,265 1,265 - TOTAL GERMANY 192,640 28,458 174,913 396,011 203,371 MAN - OAF - Steyr 16,935 9,729 26,664 26,664 TOTAL AUSTRIA 16,935 9,729 26,664 26,664 Volvo Trucks 3,871 39,197 43,068 43,068 Others 13 13 13 TOTAL BELGIUM 3,871 39,210 43,081 43,081 Iveco 41,982 37,516 8,497 87,995 46,013 TOTAL ITALY 41,982 37,516 8,497 87,995 46,013 Ford 5,972 5,972 - Leyland Trucks, Foden (DAF) 9,083 15,579 24,662 24,662 Dennis DSV 903 903 903 LDV 6,874 6,874 - TOTAL UNITED KINGDOM 12,846 9,083 16,482 38,411 25,565 Volvo Trucks 25,344 25,344 25,344 Scania 11,812 11,812 11,812 TOTAL SWEDEN 37,156 37,156 37,156 DAF 39,751 39,751 39,751 Scania 29,562 29,562 29,562 Others 1,575 1,575 1,575 TOTAL NETHERLANDS 70,888 70,888 70,888 Iveco 24,909 4,623 22,923 52,455 27,546 TOTAL SPAIN 24,909 4,623 22,923 52,455 27,546 Commercial vehicles Daimler (including FUSO) 149,586 33,264 91,989 274,839 125,253 Iveco 66,891 42,139 53,823 162,853 95,962 M A N 0 16,9 35 70,250 87,18 5 87,18 5 Volvo Trucks 0 3,871 64,541 68,412 68,412 DAF 0 9,083 55,330 64,413 64,413 Renault Trucks 5,271 9,874 47,254 62,399 57,128 Scania 0 0 54,003 54,003 54,003 Light commercial vehicles over 3.5t Renault 94,445 - - 94,445 - Volkswagen 47,869 - - 47,869 - Ford 5,972--5,972- Others 12,999 1,687 2,867 17,553 4,554 TOTAL ALL CATEGORIES: EU-15 383,033 116,853 440,057 939,943 556,910

(1) GVWR: gross vehicle weight rating. Source: CCFA

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NEW PASSENGER CAR REGISTRATIONS BY GROUP IN EUROPE In thousands of units and as a % of total registrations

1985 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 (1) 2007 2008 PSA Peugeot Citroën 1,225 1,719 1,930 2,036 1,985 1,943 1,942 1,766 11.5% 12.7% 13.1% 14.0% 13.7% 13.2% 13.1% 13.0% Renault Group 1,135 1,315 1,559 1,489 1,420 1,265 1,195 1,124 10.7% 9.7% 10.6% 10.3% 9.8% 8.6% 8.1% 8.3% Fiat Group 1,487 1,854 1,477 1,058 951 1,120 1,195 1,121 14.0% 13.7% 10.0% 7.3% 6.6% 7.6% 8.1% 8.3% Ford Group 1,521 1,774 1,478 1,495 1,453 1,450 1,474 1,360 14.3% 13.1% 10.0% 10.3% 10.0% 9.8% 10.0% 10.0% General Motors 1,261 1,617 1,799 1,533 1,539 1,503 1,509 1,286 11.9% 12.0% 12.2% 10.6% 10.6% 10.2% 10.2% 9.5% Volkswagen Group 1,553 2,120 2,755 2,622 2,743 2,920 2,881 2,761 14.6% 15.7% 18.7% 18.1% 18.9% 19.8% 19.5% 20.4% Daimler 394 438 811 823 819 815 810 771 3.7% 3.2% 5.5% 5.7% 5.7% 5.5% 5.5% 5.7% BMW Group 290 364 499 698 761 784 834 804 2.7% 2.7% 3.4% 4.8% 5.3% 5.3% 5.6% 5.9% Nissan 306 395 392 366 342 310 290 314 2.9% 2.9% 2.7% 2.5% 2.4% 2.1% 2.0% 2.3% Toyota-Lexus-Daihatsu 303 406 576 750 792 892 912 756 2.9% 3.0% 3.9% 5.2% 5.5% 6.1% 6.2% 5.6% Other Japanese makes 534 789 701 790 820 886 905 806 5.0% 5.8% 4.8% 5.4% 5.7% 6.0% 6.1% 5.9% Hyundai-Kia 7 18 303 462 530 519 488 422 0.1% 0.1% 2.1% 3.2% 3.7% 3.5% 3.3% 3.1% Tata Group 21 44 112 131 125 127 136 110 0.2% 0.3% 0.8% 0.9% 0.9% 0.9% 0.9% 0.8% Other makes (including MG-Rover) 575 663 345 259 205 211 205 152 5.4% 4.9% 2.3% 1.8% 1.4% 1.4% 1.4% 1.1% TOTAL EUROPE (17 COUNTRIES) (1) 10,611 13,517 14,738 14,511 14,487 14,746 14,775 13,552 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Year-on-year change 0.9% -2.1% 2.2% -0.2% 1.8% 0.2% -8.3% (1) In 2006, 135,500 light commercial vehicles, none of which were French makes, were reclassified as passenger cars in Spain. Automobile manufacturers include the following makes: PSA Peugeot Citroën = Peugeot + Citroën + Talbot / Renault Group = Renault + Dacia / Fiat Group = Alfa Romeo + Fiat + Iveco + Lancia + Ferrari + others / Ford Group = Ford Europe + Ford USA + Volvo + other Ford / General Motors = Opel + Vauxhall + Saab + GM Daewoo + Chevrolet + Pontiac + others / Volkswagen Group = Volkswagen + Audi + Seat + Skoda + Bentley + Lamborghini + Bugatti / Daimler = Mercedes-Benz + Smart + others / BMW Group = BMW + Mini + Rolls-Royce / Other Japanese makes: Mazda, Mitsubishi, Subaru, Suzuki, etc. / Tata Group = Jaguar + Land-Rover + Tata. These scopes are defined on the basis of their situation in 2008.

NEW LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS BY GROUP IN EUROPE In thousands of units and as a % of total registrations

1985 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 (1) 2007 2008 PSA Peugeot Citroën 186 251 349 368 370 369 387 365 16.9% 16.5% 18.1% 18.9% 18.4% 18.8% 18.7% 19.9% Renault Group 175 278 272 290 296 304 303 268 15.8% 18.3% 14.1% 14.9% 14.7% 15.5% 14.6% 14.6% Fiat Group 114 156 262 251 256 270 299 277 10.3% 10.3% 13.6% 12.9% 12.8% 13.8% 14.4% 15.1% Ford Group 126 196 181 216 225 237 259 219 11.4% 13.0% 9.4% 11.1% 11.2% 12.1% 12.5% 12.0% General Motors 55 81 92 140 146 144 147 132 5.0 % 5.3 % 4.8 % 7.2% 7.3 % 7.3 % 7.1% 7.2% Volkswagen Group 113 134 202 162 189 204 223 200 10.2% 8.9% 10.5% 8.3% 9.4% 10.4% 10.8% 10.9% Daimler 64 71 163 156 152 149 171 163 5.8% 4.7% 8.4% 8.0% 7.6% 7.6% 8.2% 8.9% Nissan 61 105 100 99 101 98 89 62 5.5% 6.9% 5.2% 5.1% 5.1% 5.0% 4.3% 3.4% Toyota-Lexus-Daihatsu 66 81 69 64 62 51 65 56 6.0% 5.3% 3.6% 3.3% 3.1% 2.6% 3.2% 3.1% Other Japanese makes 67 72 117 90 85 75 70 46 6.1% 4.8% 6.0% 4.6% 4.2% 3.8% 3.4% 2.5% Hyundai-Kia 1 0 44 38 48 20 13 9 0.1% 0.0% 2.3% 2.0% 2.4% 1.0% 0.6% 0.5% Other makes 76 90 81 71 76 44 45 36 6.9% 6.0% 4.2% 3.6% 3.8% 2.2% 2.2% 2.0% TOTAL EUROPE (17 COUNTRIES) 1,104 1,516 1,931 1,943 2,004 1,964 2,069 1,833 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Year-on-year change -2.6% 5.6% 9.5% 3.1% -2.0% 5.4% -11.4%

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS _61

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_05_Statistiques.indd 61 30/09/09 15:20:33 EUROPE REGISTRATIONS In thousands of units and as a % NEW PASSENGER CAR REGISTRATIONS BY COUNTRY AND GROUP IN 2008 of total registrations Total PSA Peugeot Citroën Peugeot Renault Fiat Volkswagen Ford General BMW- Daimler Japanese South Citroën Group Group Group Group Motors Mini makes Korean makes Germany 3,090 168 73 95 147 101 1,037 245 286 285 362 325 87 100% 5.4% 2.4% 3.1% 4.8% 3.3% 33.6% 7.9% 9.3% 9.2% 11.7% 10.5% 2.8% Austria 294 25 11 14 19 19 91 23 24 13 12 47 14 100% 8.6% 3.8% 4.8% 6.6% 6.3% 31.1% 8.0% 8.3% 4.6% 4.2% 15.8% 4.7% Belgium 536 102 49 53 52 22 105 52 53 38 25 58 20 100% 19.0% 9.2% 9.9% 9.8% 4.2% 19.6% 9.6% 9.8% 7.1% 4.7% 10.8% 3.8% Denmark 150 2812 16 3 7 26 13 14 4 3 36 14 100% 18.6% 8.0% 10.6% 2.0% 4.9% 17.3% 9.0% 9.4% 2.6% 2.3% 24.1% 9.2% Spain 1,161 205 102 103 108 42 267 116 97 59 45 154 49 100% 17.7% 8.8% 8.9% 9.3% 3.6% 23.0% 10.0% 8.4% 5.1% 3.9% 13.2% 4.3% Finland 140 11 5 6 2 5 32 20 6 5 5 40 10 100% 8.1% 3.9% 4.2% 1.6% 3.8% 23.0% 14.0% 4.7% 3.4% 3.6% 28.6% 7.0% France 2,050 633 289 344 493 89 245 123 102 68 60 187 35 100% 30.9% 14.1% 16.8% 24.0% 4.3% 11.9% 6.0% 5.0% 3.3% 2.9% 9.1% 1.7% Greece 267 20 10 10 3 17 47 18 27 10 13 80 27 100% 7.6% 3.7% 3.9% 1.1% 6.3% 17.6% 6.7% 10.1% 3.6% 4.9% 30.1% 10.0% Ireland 152 8 2 5 6 2 28 22 15 7 4 47 9 100% 5.2% 1.6% 3.6% 4.0% 1.5% 18.7% 14.5% 9.7% 4.6% 2.8% 31.3% 6.1% Italy 2,162 210 116 94 102 690 243 187 192 87 105 257 43 100% 9.7% 5.4% 4.4% 4.7% 31.9% 11.2% 8.6% 8.9% 4.0% 4.8% 11.9% 2.0% Luxembourg 5273 4 62 144 363 4 3 100% 13.3% 6.1% 7.2% 10.5% 3.9% 26.0% 8.0% 5.0% 11.5% 6.6% 8.0% 4.9% Netherlands 500 65 24 40 42 27 86 60 51 19 13 100 30 100% 12.9% 4.9% 8.1% 8.5% 5.3% 17.1% 12.1% 10.1% 3.7% 2.5% 20.0% 6.0% Portugal 213 32 15 17 26 12 43 18 22 12 10 32 6 100% 14.8% 7.0% 7.9% 12.0% 5.5% 19.9% 8.7% 10.3% 5.4% 4.8% 15.2% 2.8% United Kingdom 2,132 200 81 119 90 63 348 356 334 154 82 367 60 100% 9.4% 3.8% 5.6% 4.2% 2.9% 16.3% 16.7% 15.7% 7.2% 3.9% 17.2% 2.8% Sweden 254 20 7 13 7 3 54 63 30 13 7 41 13 100% 7.8% 2.7% 5.1% 2.9% 1.3% 21.2% 24.8% 11.7% 4.9% 2.8% 16.0% 5.2% EUROPEAN UNION 13,153 1,735 801 933 1,107 1,101 2,666 1,321 1,256 778 751 1,776 420 (15 COUNTRIES) 100% 13.2% 6.1% 7.1% 8.4% 8.4% 20.3% 10.0% 9.5% 5.9% 5.7% 13.5% 3.2% Norway 111 7 2 6 1 1 28 17 6 5 4 38 3 100% 6.7% 1.7% 5.1% 0.6% 0.7% 25.2% 15.4% 5.2% 4.8% 3.5% 34.1% 2.5% Switzerland 289 24 10 14 16 19 67 22 24 20 17 62 10 100% 8.2% 3.4% 4.8% 5.6% 6.7% 23.3% 7.6% 8.3% 7.0% 5.8% 21.4% 3.3% EUROPE (17 13,552 1,766 813 953 1,124 1,121 2,761 1,360 1,286 804 771 1,876 432 COUNTRIES) 100% 13.0% 6.0% 7.0% 8.3% 8.3% 20.4% 10.0% 9.5% 5.9% 5.7% 13.8% 3.2% Bulgaria 44 4 2 2 4 1 8 3 7 1 1 10 3 100% 8.9% 3.5% 5.4% 10.0% 1.7% 17.2% 6.4% 17.1% 2.5% 3.1% 23.4% 6.8% Estonia 25 2 2 1 1 1 4 2 1 1 1 10 2 100% 8.9% 6.7% 2.2% 4.0% 2.4% 17.3% 6.2% 5.1% 2.6% 2.2% 41.3% 8.0% Hungary 1531046 76 27192633 475 100% 6.7% 2.8% 3.9% 4.9% 3.8% 17.4% 12.7% 16.9% 1.7% 1.6% 30.7% 3.2% Latvia 20 1 1 0 1 0 4 1 1 1 1 7 2 100% 4.6% 3.5% 1.0% 5.0% 1.0% 21.6% 6.7% 5.5% 4.1% 3.0% 35.4% 8.3% Lithuania 22 2 1 1 1 1 5 1 2 1 0 8 1 100% 8.2% 3.9% 4.3% 3.8% 4.1% 23.5% 5.6% 7.4% 2.4% 1.6% 36.5% 5.8% Poland 320 30 14 17 22 30 68 27 35 4 5 74 22 100% 9.5% 4.3% 5.2% 6.8% 9.4% 21.2% 8.5% 10.8% 1.4% 1.4% 23.2% 6.7% Czech Republic 1831798145 7615933 2316 100% 9.4% 4.7% 4.6% 7.6% 2.8% 41.5% 8.3% 5.0% 1.8% 1.7% 12.4% 8.6% Romania 271 13 3 10 95 10 50 18 33 3 3 22 22 100% 4.6% 1.0% 3.7% 34.9% 3.8% 18.6% 6.6% 12.2% 1.0% 1.1% 8.3% 8.0% Slovakia 7094 5 63 224 511 136 100% 12.4% 5.9% 6.5% 8.5% 4.4% 31.1% 6.3% 6.6% 1.0% 2.0% 17.9% 8.9% Slovenia 72 10 5 5 12 5 14 5 8 1 1 9 5 100% 14.1% 7.5% 6.7% 16.7% 6.5% 20.0% 6.8% 11.0% 1.7% 1.9% 13.0% 7.7% 10 new EU 1,179 98 44 54 163 62 278 96 127 18 19 224 84 countries 100% 8.3% 3.7% 4.6% 13.8% 5.2% 23.6% 8.1% 10.8% 1.5% 1.6% 19.0% 7.1% EUROPE (27 14,731 1,864 857 1,007 1,287 1,183 3,039 1,456 1,413 822 790 2,099 516 COUNTRIES) 100% 12.7% 5.8% 6.8% 8.7% 8.0% 20.6% 9.9% 9.6% 5.6% 5.4% 14.3% 3.5%

Automobile manufacturers include the following makes: PSA Peugeot Citroën = Peugeot + Citroën / Renault Group = Renault + Dacia / Fiat Group = Alfa Romeo + Fiat + Lancia + Ferrari + Maserati + others / Ford Group = Ford Europe + Ford USA + Volvo + others / General Motors = Opel + Vauxhall + Saab + GM Daewoo + Chevrolet + Pontiac + others / Volkswagen Group = Volkswagen + Audi + Seat + Skoda + Bentley + Lamborghini + Bugatti / Daimler = Mercedes-Benz + Smart + others / BMW Group = BMW + Mini + Rolls-Royce / Japanese makes: Mazda, Mitsubishi, Subaru, Suzuki, Nissan, Toyota, etc. / South Korean makes: Hyundai-Kia and Ssangyong.

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CCFA_RA 2008 GB_05_Statistiques.indd 62 30/09/09 15:20:34 EUROPE REGISTRATIONS NEW DIESEL PASSENGER CAR REGISTRATIONS BY COUNTRY In units and as a % of total registrations 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Germany 193,841 327,046 1,023,997 1,429,737 1,401,479 1,535,886 1,502,282 1,361,958 8.0% 9.8% 30.3% 43.8% 42.2% 44.3% 47.7% 44.1% Austria 7,425 74,197 191,402 220,249 199,908 191,766 176,752 160,465 3.3% 25.7% 61.9% 70.8% 64.9% 62.1% 59.3% 54.6% Belgium 54,897 154,804 290,301 339,578 348,630 392,328 404,297 422,681 13.8% 32.7% 56.3% 70.1% 72.6% 74.6% 77.0% 78.9% Denmark 2,352 3,305 14,898 29,147 35,356 41,365 61,825 69,347 3.2% 4.1% 13.2% 24.0% 24.1% 26.8% 38.8% 46.2% Spain (1) - 140,740 734,256 992,067 1,036,789 1,143,512 1,144,265 804,499 14.2% 53.1% 65.4% 67.8% 70.0% 70.9% 69.3% Finland - 7,215 - 22,065 25,110 29,487 34,780 69,291 5.2% 15.5% 17.0% 20.2% 28.2% 49.6% France 186,050 762,054 1,046,485 1,392,925 1,429,037 1,427,697 1,525,439 1,584,438 9.9% 33.0% 49.0% 69.2% 69.1% 71.4% 73.9% 77.3% Greece - 60 2,006 8,371 4,189 5,852 8,116 9,590 0.1% 0.7% 2.9% 1.6% 2.2% 2.9% 3.6% Ireland - 12,413 23,259 28,207 36,953 43,620 50,328 50,741 15.0% 10.1% 18.3% 21.5% 24.4% 27.0% 33.5% Italy 138,562 179,779 812,203 1,322,561 1,308,548 1,352,585 1,389,391 1,096,485 8.1% 7.8% 33.6% 58.4% 58.5% 58.2% 55.7% 50.7% Luxembourg - 8,206 21,110 34,977 36,561 39,280 39,753 40,314 21.4% 50.4% 72.5% 75.4% 77.3% 77.4% 77.0% Norway - 1,581 8,761 32,542 43,146 52,770 96,051 80,096 2.6% 9.0% 28.1% 39.3% 48.3% 74.3% 72.4% Netherlands 30,450 54,738 134,426 118,890 123,990 129,292 142,770 125,377 6.8% 10.9% 22.5% 24.6% 26.7% 26.7% 28.2% 25.1% Portugal - 10,426 62,417 111,782 131,731 126,704 139,877 147,896 4.9% 24.2% 56.6% 63.8% 65.1% 69.3% 69.3% United Kingdom 5,850 128,160 313,149 835,198 897,887 897,374 965,517 928,737 0.4% 6.4% 14.1% 32.5% 36.8% 38.3% 40.2% 43.6% Sweden - 1,335 18,325 21,141 26,527 55,805 106,382 91,874 0.6% 6.3% 8.0% 9.7% 19.7% 34.7% 36.2% Switzerland - 9,998 29,466 69,976 75,247 80,732 92,568 93,493 3.0% 9.3% 26.0% 28.4% 30.0% 32.5% 32.4% EUROPE (17 COUNTRIES) (1) 619,427 1,866,021 4,726,461 7,009,413 7,161,088 7,546,055 7,880,393 7,137,282 % diesel in Europe 7.1% 13.9% 32.1% 48.3% 49.4% 51.2% 53.3% 52.7% Year-on-year change +0.7% +10.7% +12.8% +2.2% +5.4% +4.4% -9.4% (1) See notes on page 61.

NEW LIGHT VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS (PASSENGER CARS AND LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLES) BY COUNTRY In units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Germany 2,527,580 3,475,172 3,590,633 3,461,914 3,521,631 3,670,406 3,376,019 3,320,059 Austria 243,021 310,157 336,670 340,349 336,793 339,078 330,703 326,633 Belgium 429,849 525,996 569,294 544,232 542,760 587,125 593,555 604,326 Denmark 89,485 100,303 145,780 167,795 204,957 220,003 219,047 184,582 Spain 592,093 1,218,091 1,680,761 1,851,502 1,916,080 1,909,241 1,891,243 1,328,219 Finland 115,741 166,602 149,702 160,812 164,160 163,074 140,778 156,913 France 2,151,089 2,702,925 2,548,850 2,422,159 2,487,854 2,440,580 2,526,005 2,510,555 Greece 80,824 144,960 313,230 312,714 293,102 291,765 304,262 290,091 Ireland 102,203 106,720 272,463 184,448 208,814 219,748 230,911 181,552 Italy 1,826,702 2,464,050 2,641,117 2,478,480 2,444,339 2,559,006 2,730,142 2,384,652 Luxembourg 22,514 40,285 44,979 50,933 51,581 53,958 54,874 56,447 Norway 106,945 82,483 129,003 149,534 146,928 153,028 175,835 146,716 Netherlands 483,574 555,812 694,210 570,946 531,392 548,830 586,575 584,881 Portugal 96,954 275,160 410,670 268,964 273,262 259,279 270,414 268,991 United Kingdom 1,725,803 2,256,662 2,466,833 2,903,236 2,770,153 2,678,943 2,752,187 2,431,300 Sweden 204,626 256,303 322,383 295,677 309,399 322,745 351,438 293,790 Switzerland 297,855 352,652 340,640 290,963 287,369 293,142 310,721 315,602 European Union (2) 9,358,799 14,523,790 16,187,575 16,014,161 16,056,277 16,263,781 16,358,153 14,922,991 EUROPE (17 COUNTRIES) 11,096,858 15,034,333 16,657,218 16,454,658 16,490,574 16,709,951 16,844,709 15,385,309 (2) European Union: nine countries in 1980; ten countries in 1985; twelve countries between 1990 and 1994; fifteen countries from 1995.

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NEW LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLE (LESS THAN 5T) REGISTRATIONS BY COUNTRY In units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Germany 101,393 125,384 212,290 195,089 202,372 202,445 227,856 230,019 Austria 15,473 21,539 27,243 29,057 28,878 30,484 32,521 32,936 Belgium 30,609 52,490 54,090 59,475 62,672 60,984 68,760 68,379 Denmark 15,711 19,649 33,092 46,304 58,076 65,620 59,706 34,439 Spain (1) 88,042 229,821 299,246 334,216 387,203 274,633 276,408 167,043 Finland 12,574 27,507 15,056 18,373 16,211 17,385 17,615 17,302 France 277,887 393,795 414,966 408,450 420,065 440,031 461,462 460,273 Greece 45,124 29,480 23,008 23,023 23,374 24,096 24,517 22,796 Ireland 8,640 24,136 41,474 30,312 37,073 40,982 44,576 29,949 Italy 109,270 156,995 225,517 214,787 207,067 233,288 237,368 222,979 Luxembourg 1,014 1,863 3,083 2,699 3,064 3,121 3,542 4,088 Norway 11,395 20,582 31,627 33,889 37,021 43,864 46,640 36,099 Netherlands 33,498 53,080 96,570 87,196 66,232 64,860 81,035 84,963 Portugal 38,597 64,236 152,836 71,380 66,774 64,577 68,598 55,602 United Kingdom 212,042 247,728 245,163 335,967 330,436 334,079 348,180 299,505 Sweden 12,038 26,362 31,854 31,431 35,098 39,979 44,639 39,808 Switzerland 18,091 22,753 24,121 21,578 22,428 23,690 26,033 27,045 European Union (2) 790,064 1,398,657 1,875,488 1,887,759 1,944,595 1,896,564 1,996,783 1,770,081 EUROPE (17 COUNTRIES) (1) 1,031,398 1,517,400 1,931,236 1,943,226 2,004,044 1,964,118 2,069,456 1,833,225 (1) See notes on page 61.

NEW HEAVY TRUCK (OVER 5T) REGISTRATIONS BY COUNTRY, EXCLUDING COACHES AND BUSES In units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Germany 59,061 73,770 96,830 83,597 88,364 96,747 101,320 99,907 Austria 5,642 7,222 8,508 9,591 8,235 7,548 8,289 8,506 Belgium 8,604 10,690 11,061 9,831 11,657 10,282 11,953 11,868 Denmark 3,179 3,539 4,597 4,557 5,902 5,924 6,798 6,563 Spain 23,208 30,432 33,700 36,556 39,753 40,424 44,384 31,226 Finland 4,497 4,218 3,072 3,435 3,492 3,290 3,081 4,018 France 41,846 50,028 57,918 47,188 55,281 53,123 52,539 57,504 Greece 1,178 497 1,633 1,873 1,589 1,899 2,071 2,344 Ireland 3,511 2,748 4,666 3,764 4,621 5,563 5,092 3,602 Italy 31,973 38,388 35,664 35,313 35,409 35,237 33,852 Luxembourg 690 1,136 1,451 1,016 1,394 1,392 1,609 1,742 Norway 3,056 2,106 3,564 3,935 4,952 4,835 5,650 5,729 Netherlands 13,346 14,804 16,835 13,334 13,405 19,075 15,099 18,023 Portugal 8,370 7,186 7,403 4,681 4,588 5,403 5,623 5,516 United Kingdom 57,489 45,794 51,864 51,774 53,344 50,776 43,111 49,558 Sweden 6,703 5,998 5,549 5,060 5,688 6,052 6,484 6,749 Switzerland 3,955 4,832 4,733 3,519 3,817 4,733 4,230 4,942 European Union (2) 187,726 272,597 343,475 311,921 332,626 342,907 342,690 340,978 EUROPE (17 COUNTRIES) 244,335 296,973 351,772 319,375 341,395 352,475 352,570 351,649

NEW COACH AND BUS (OVER 5T) REGISTRATIONS BY COUNTRY In units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Germany 6,058 4,235 5,684 4,715 4,891 5,241 4,940 5,073 Austria 676 450 706 859 565 761 699 861 Belgium 585 580 974 787 754 813 951 1,029 Denmark 579 311 419 349 315 421 363 463 Spain 1,511 2,376 2,738 3,286 3,655 3,469 3,671 3,098 Finland 625 429 288 252 266 248 312 France 3,558 3,160 4,320 4,213 4,776 5,243 5,491 5,655 Greece 625 374 1,388 575 396 542 430 Ireland 24 121 340 271 412 345 459 Italy 3,825 4,152 4,261 4,514 4,324 3,943 3,581 Luxembourg 53 57 108 119 147 162 164 216 Norway 684 380 427 584 708 544 718 802 Netherlands 1,082 1,069 949 925 1,134 778 1,141 1,153 Portugal 482 806 550 620 492 569 612 United Kingdom 5,792 3,324 4,496 4,484 4,630 4,641 3,888 4,400 Sweden 943 863 1,071 880 1,021 1,163 800 920 Switzerland 371 580 491 554 457 509 457 802 European Union (2) 17,707 20,068 26,918 27,444 28,120 28,582 27,755 28,262 EUROPE (17 COUNTRIES) 22,517 22,770 27,836 28,582 29,285 29,635 28,930 29,866 (2) European Union: nine countries in 1980; ten countries in 1985; twelve countries between 1990 and 1994; fifteen countries from 1995.

64_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_05_Statistiques.indd 64 30/09/09 15:20:35 EUROPE REGISTRATIONS

NEW PASSENGER CAR REGISTRATIONS IN EUROPE In units 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Bulgaria 32,481 41,042 43,758 Estonia 10,600 14,474 15,602 16,436 19,640 25,363 30,912 24,579 Hungary 133,233 172,604 208,426 207,055 198,982 187,676 171,661 153,278 Latvia 7,300 7,829 8,713 11,217 16,602 25,582 32,771 19,831 Lithuania 6,158 8,142 7,543 9,493 10,467 14,234 21,606 22,217 Poland 478,752 308,158 358,432 318,111 235,522 238,993 293,305 320,040 Czech Republic 148,592 147,630 152,981 143,622 151,699 156,686 174,456 182,554 Romania 256,364 315,621 270,995 Slovakia 55,090 65,318 59,742 57,430 57,125 59,084 59,700 70,040 Slovenia 67,665 58,849 59,548 62,002 59,324 59,578 68,719 71,575 TOTAL NEW EU COUNTRIES (1) 907,400 783,004 870,987 825,366 749,361 1,056,041 1,209,793 1,178,867 Romania 64,432 89,023 106,765 145,130 215,554

NEW LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLE (LESS THAN 5T) REGISTRATIONS IN EUROPE In units 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Bulgaria 9,959 10,697 11,478 Estonia 1,500 2,122 2,607 2,429 2,944 3,768 4,693 3,041 Hungary 26,686 28,833 24,978 23,595 20,479 21,604 21,920 21,559 Latvia 900 1,123 1,064 1,437 1,753 2,645 3,615 2,151 Lithuania 1,270 1,474 1,680 2,347 3,371 4,341 4,445 3,201 Poland 33,653 20,736 25,769 37,025 35,985 41,027 56,312 61,221 Czech Republic 14,786 13,970 14,566 17,288 16,024 16,229 19,722 20,648 Romania 32,702 36,431 40,876 Slovakia 5,812 5,634 9,318 10,204 14,428 19,518 23,618 26,907 Slovenia 6,274 6,174 6,676 7,034 6,897 6,080 6,860 7,331 TOTAL NEW EU COUNTRIES (1) 90,900 80,066 86,658 101,359 101,881 157,873 188,313 198,413 Romania 14,789 20,230 25,435 31,012 35,842

NEW PASSENGER CAR AND LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS IN EUROPE In units 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Bulgaria 42,440 51,739 55,236 Estonia 12,100 16,596 18,209 18,865 22,584 29,131 35,605 27,620 Hungary 159,919 201,437 233,404 230,650 219,461 209,280 193,581 174,837 Latvia 8,200 8,952 9,777 12,654 18,355 28,227 36,386 21,982 Lithuania 7,428 9,616 9,223 11,840 13,838 18,575 26,051 25,418 Poland 512,405 328,894 384,201 355,136 271,507 280,020 349,617 381,261 Czech Republic 163,378 161,600 167,547 160,910 167,723 172,915 194,178 203,202 Romania 289,066 352,052 311,871 Slovakia 60,902 70,952 69,060 67,634 71,553 78,602 83,318 96,947 Slovenia 73,939 65,023 66,224 69,036 66,221 65,658 75,579 78,906 TOTAL NEW EU COUNTRIES (1) 863,070 957,645 926,725 851,242 1,213,914 1,398,106 1,377,280 Romania 79,221 109,253 132,200 176,142 251,396

NEW COMMERCIAL VEHICLE OVER 5T (INCLUDING COACHES AND BUSES) REGISTRATIONS IN EUROPE In units 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Bulgaria 2,000 3,600 3,400 Estonia 400 516 465 631 927 1,623 1,875 1,380 Hungary 2,900 4,200 4,100 4,600 4,400 4,900 5,400 5,500 Latvia 1,000 1,054 948 1,095 1,284 2,216 3,304 2,103 Lithuania 1,000 1,071 1,437 1,714 2,297 3,169 5,039 3,467 Poland 7,464 6,805 8,523 11,865 11,079 14,988 22,661 19,971 Czech Republic 6,400 7,200 6,700 7,324 8,200 10,716 12,860 12,249 Romania 8,096 14,766 12,220 Slovakia 1,796 2,549 2,802 3,105 3,754 4,917 5,776 5,431 Slovenia 1,876 1,864 1,276 1,567 1,635 2,178 2,819 2,725 TOTAL NEW EU COUNTRIES (1) 22,800 25,300 26,300 31,900 33,500 54,900 78,100 68,400 Romania 3,113 2,849 3,055 4,809 5,019 (1) New member States: eight countries in 2000; ten countries in 2006.

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS _65

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_05_Statistiques.indd 65 30/09/09 15:20:38 EUROPE - FRANCE WORLD PRODUCTION OF FRENCH AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS In 1998, French manufacturers began reporting their production as the number of vehicles assembled at the rollout location. The concept of KD and CKD units has been abandoned. Aggregate data for 1996 and detailed data for 1997 have been restated using the new deﬁnitions.

WORLD VEHICLE PRODUCTION BY MAKE In units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Citroën 536,415 783,224 1,168,470 1,349,064 1,379,082 1,406,485 1,464,559 1,377,392 Peugeot 734,461 1,369,359 1,708,968 2,056,181 1,996,284 1,950,374 1,992,499 1,947,822 PSA Peugeot Citroën (1) 1,647,221 2,152,583 2,877,438 3,405,245 3,375,366 3,356,859 3,457,058 3,325,214 Renault (including Trafic II) 1,659,099 1,571,264 2,356,616 2,391,749 2,326,359 2,142,710 2,265,099 1,986,052 Dacia - - 55,183 94,698 172,021 188,461 222,913 241,991 Renault Samsung Motors - - 14,517 80,906 118,438 161,299 181,028 189,308 Renault-Dacia-Samsung (2) 1,659,099 1,571,264 2,426,316 2,567,353 2,616,818 2,492,470 2,669,040 2,417,351 C.B.M. 105 Renault Trucks (3) 54,086 60,263 96,040 60,676 63,961 67,593 62,227 65,328 of which: Mack Trucks-15,42334,562----- Etalmobil (Sovam) 113 75 44 40 27 28 21 7 Unic 17,809 Heuliez (4) -231391----- Irisbus-Renault (4) - -2,547----- TOTAL 3,378,433 3,784,416 5,402,776 6,033,314 6,056,172 5,916,950 6,188,346 5,807,900 KD and CKD units 616,466 287,512

WORLD COMMERCIAL VEHICLE PRODUCTION (ALL WEIGHTS, INCLUDING COACHES, BUSES AND ROAD TRACTORS) BY MAKE In units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Citroën 49,034 93,259 192,238 203,472 205,376 200,111 213,549 236,830 Peugeot 127,428 81,439 186,917 197,063 187,300 195,311 218,956 247,693 PSA Peugeot Citroën (1) 200,979 174,698 379,155 400,535 392,676 395,422 432,505 484,523 Renault (including Trafic II) 166,760 254,334 312,801 381,181 401,785 395,126 385,530 343,507 Dacia - - 12,580 22,552 19,871 11,507 7,466 13,956 Renault-Dacia-Samsung (2) 166,760 254,334 325,381 403,733 421,656 406,633 392,996 357,463 C.B.M. 105 Renault Trucks (3) 54,086 60,263 96,040 60,676 63,961 67,593 62,227 65,328 of which: Mack Trucks-15,42334,562----- Etalmobil (Sovam) 113 75 44 40 27 28 21 7 Unic 17,809 Heuliez (4) -231391----- Irisbus-Renault (4) - -2,547----- TOTAL 439,852 489,601 803,558 864,984 878,320 869,676 887,749 907,321 KD and CKD units 68,587 79,271

(1) Including Talbot up to 1985. (2) Renault acquired Dacia in 1999 and Samsung Motors’ assets in September 2000. The Renault Trafic II is manufactured by IBC, a General Motors subsidiary, in the United Kingdom and by Nissan in Spain. As of 2006, some Renault Trafic II vehicles are classified as passenger cars. (3) Mack was included in Renault V.I. between 1990 and 2000. In 2001, Renault and AB Volvo pooled their truck operations. (4) On 1 January 1999, Renault V.I. (Renault Trucks) sold its coach and bus business to Irisbus, part of Iveco.

VEHICLE PRODUCTION IN FRANCE BY FRENCH AND FOREIGN AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS In units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Foreign manufacturers Bugatti 5447282 Fiat - - 10,377 13,433 8,304 5,321 4,504 2,688 Heuliez-Opel 14,904 37,390 14,470 11,770 8,840 Lancia - - 2,265 7,594 5,713 4,825 4,238 4,068 Smart - - 101,365 95,666 77,015 68,672 102,588 140,072 Toyota - - 0 203,713 180,643 249,934 262,313 232,406 Passenger cars - - 114,007 335,310 309,070 343,266 385,485 388,156 Light commercial vehicles (Fiat) - - 39,428 24,302 20,680 20,874 41,008 35,856 Heavy trucks (Scania) - 10,710 9,987 9,391 10,133 12,002 12,629 Irisbus-Heuliez - - - 409 291 420 458 404 Irisbus - - - 1,970 2,869 3,130 3,321 3,117 Evobus - - 535 613 527 522 557 630 Coaches and buses - - 535 2,992 3,687 4,072 4,336 4,151 TOTAL FOREIGN MAKES - - 164,680 372,591 342,828 378,345 442,831 440,792 French manufacturers TOTAL FRENCH MAKES - - 3,183,681 3,293,399 3,206,180 2,790,918 2,573,023 2,128,186 Foreign and French manufacturers OVERALL TOTAL - - 3,348,361 3,665,990 3,549,008 3,169,263 3,015,854 2,568,978 Source: CCFA

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PASSENGER CAR PRODUCTION BY MAKE In units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Citroën 536,366 689,965 976,232 1,145,592 1,173,706 1,206,374 1,251,010 1,140,562 Peugeot 607,033 1,287,920 1,522,051 1,859,118 1,808,984 1,755,063 1,773,543 1,700,129 PSA Peugeot Citroën (1) 1,446,242 1,977,885 2,498,283 3,004,710 2,982,690 2,961,437 3,024,553 2,840,691 Renault 1,492,339 1,316,930 2,043,815 2,010,568 1,924,574 1,747,584 1,879,570 1,642,551 Dacia - - 42,603 72,146 152,150 176,954 215,447 228,035 Renault Samsung Motors - - 14,517 80,906 118,438 161,299 181,027 189,302 Renault-Dacia-Samsung (1) 1,492,339 1,316,930 2,100,935 2,163,620 2,195,162 2,085,837 2,276,044 2,059,888 TOTAL 2,938,581 3,294,815 4,599,218 5,168,330 5,177,852 5,047,274 5,300,597 4,900,579 KD and CKD units467,879208,241------of which: Production in France - - 2,765,803 2,892,106 2,803,891 2,379,974 2,165,384 1,757,779 Citroën - - 504,323 594,896 605,988 583,919 540,171 520,319 Peugeot - - 1,094,756 1,213,362 1,155,292 906,878 835,167 708,459 PSA Peugeot Citroën (1) - - 1,599,079 1,808,258 1,761,280 1,490,797 1,375,338 1,228,778 Renault - - 1,166,724 1,083,848 1,042,611 889,177 790,046 529,001 Renault-Dacia-Samsung (1) - - 1,166,724 1,083,848 1,042,611 889,177 790,046 529,001 (1) See notes on page 66.

PASSENGER CAR PRODUCTION BY MODEL IN 2008 In units Makes Models World production Production in France Production outside France PSA Peugeot Citroën 2,840,691 1,228,778 1,611,913 Citroën 1,140,562 520,319 620,243 C1 108,074 108,074 C2 59,253 53,099 6,154 C3 224,625 174,175 50,450 C4 384,676 136,482 248,194 ZX 59,220 59,220 XSARA 73,371 47,846 25,525 XANTIA 13,728 13,728 C5 98,602 98,602 C-CROSSER 16,238 16,238 C6 1,667 1,667 C8 8,448 8,448 NEMO 5,075 5,075 BERLINGO 87,585 87,585 Peugeot 1,700,129 708,459 991,670 107 108,179 108,179 1007 10,396 10,396 206 298,495 75,602 222,893 207 457,836 187,794 270,042 307 137,772 33,903 103,869 308 300,653 300,653 3008 406 406 405 194,784 194,784 406 1,560 1,560 40781,75681,756 4007 17,764 17,764 607 4,565 4,565 80713,38413,384 BIPPER 2,652 2,652 PARTNER 69,927 69,927 Renault-Dacia-Samsung 2,059,888 529,001 1,530,887 Renault 1,642,551 529,001 1,113,550 TWINGO 134,400 2 134,398 CLIO 476,285 160,056 316,229 MODUS 72,590 72,590 LOGAN 267,373 267,373 SANDERO 9,189 9,189 MÉGANE 428,435 170,912 257,523 LAGUNA 81,311 81,311 VEL SATIS 1,693 1,693 ESPACE 21,668 21,668 KANGOO 109,755 88,832 20,923 TRAFIC 25,770 25,770 MASTER 4,527 4,527 OTHERS 9,555 9,555 Dacia 228,035 0 228,035 LOGAN 171,886 171,886 SANDERO 56,149 56,149 Renault Samsung Motors 189,302 0 189,302 SM3 65,190 65,190 SM5 54,188 54,188 QM5 (KOLEOS) 55,195 55,195 SM7 14,687 14,687 OTHERS 42 42 TOTAL 4,900,579 1,757,779 3,142,800 Source: CCFA

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS _67

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LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLE (UP TO 5T) PRODUCTION BY MAKE In units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Citroën 49,034 93,259 192,238 203,472 205,376 200,111 213,549 236,830 Peugeot 127,428 81,439 186,917 197,063 187,300 195,311 218,956 247,693 PSA Peugeot Citroën (1) 200,979 174,698 379,155 400,535 392,676 395,422 432,505 484,523 Renault Renault (including Trafic II (2)) 166,760 254,334 312,801 381,181 401,785 395,126 385,530 343,507 Dacia - - 12,580 22,552 19,871 11,507 7,466 13,956 Renault-Dacia-Samsung (1) 166,760 254,334 325,381 403,733 421,656 406,633 392,996 357,463 Renault Trucks (1) 11,632 7,464 8,321 8,430 9,460 11,378 4,439 5,271 Others 86 71 42 37 24 26 17 3 TOTAL 379,457 436,567 712,899 812,735 823,816 813,459 829,957 847,260 KD and CKD units68,58779,271------of which: production in France - - 370,538 361,137 361,521 365,638 352,246 313,275 Citroën - - 53,561 56,709 58,223 64,794 63,887 67,348 Peugeot - - 67,629 69,312 68,166 62,903 66,012 52,675 PSA Peugeot Citroën (1) - - 121,190 126,021 126,389 127,697 129,899 120,023 Renault - - 240,985 226,649 225,648 226,537 217,891 187,978 Renault-Dacia-Samsung (1) - - 240,985 226,649 225,648 226,537 217,891 187,978 Renault Trucks (1) - - 8,321 8,430 9,460 11,378 4,439 5,271 Others - - 42 37 24 26 17 3

(1) See notes on page 66. (2) As of 2006, some Renault Trafic II vehicles are classified as passenger cars.

LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLE PRODUCTION BY MODEL, 2008 In units Makes Models World production Production in France Production hors France PSA Peugeot Citroën 484,523 120,023 364,500 Citroën 236,830 67,348 169,482 C2 5,943 5,943 C3 15,352 15,351 1 C4 5,019 5,019 NEMO 28,400 28,400 BERLINGO 83,854 83,854 JUMPY 41,035 41,035 JUMPER 57,227 57,227 Peugeot 247,693 52,675 195,018 107 8 8 206 4,944 4,933 11 207 22,549 189 22,360 308 3,478 3,478 BIPPER 26,846 26,846 PARTNER 86,792 86,792 EXPERT 44,075 44,075 BOXER 59,001 59,001 Renault-Dacia-Samsung 357,463 187,978 169,485 Renault 343,507 187,978 155,529 TWINGO 4,326 4,326 CLIO 39,203 3,620 35,583 M ÉG A N E 7,4 39 1 7,4 38 LAGUNA 141 141 KANGOO 108,734 89,770 18,964 TRAFIC 70,332 70,332 MASTER 93,777 86,053 7,724 MASCOTT 8,393 8,393 Others 11,162 11,162 Dacia 13,956 13,956 LOGAN 13,956 13,956 Renault Trucks 5,271 5,271 MASCOTT 5,271 5,271 Others 33 Etalmobil 33 TOTAL 847,260 313,275 533,985 Source: CCFA

68_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

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HEAVY TRUCK (5T AND OVER) PRODUCTION BY MAKE In units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Renault Trucks (1) 39,475 50,493 87,719 52,246 54,501 56,215 57,788 60,057 of which: Mack Trucks-15,42334,562----- Others (2) 17,8364233244 TOTAL 57,311 50,497 87,721 52,249 54,504 56,217 57,792 60,061 of which: production in France - - 44,402 40,156 40,768 45,306 55,393 57,132 Renault Trucks (1) - - 44,400 40,153 40,765 45,304 55,389 57,128 Others (2) - -233244

(1) Mack was included in Renault V.I. between 1990 and 2000. In 2001, Renault and AB Volvo pooled their truck operations. Renault V.I. was renamed Renault Trucks. (2) Including Unic up to 1984.

COACH AND BUS (OVER 5T) PRODUCTION BY MAKE In units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Renault Trucks (1) 2,9792,306------C.B.M. 105 Heuliez (2) -231391----- Irisbus-Renault (2) --2,547----- TOTAL 3,0842,5372,938----- of which production in France - - 2,938 ----- Renault Trucks (1) ------Heuliez (2) --391----- Irisbus-Renault (2) --2,547-----

(1) From 1986 to 1990, the bus subframes supplied by Renault V.I. are included in Heuliez production. (2) On 1 January 1999, Renault V.I. (Renault Trucks) sold its coach and bus business to Irisbus, part of Iveco.

HEAVY TRUCK (OVER 5T) PRODUCTION, 2008 In units Models World Production Production production in France outside France Trucks Commercial vehicles: 5 to 6 t 1,592 1,592 0 Mascott 1,592 1,592 Mid range: 7 to 16 t 10,918 9,797 1,121 Midlum 10,918 9,797 1,121 High range: over 16 t 16,818 15,090 1,728 Premium 6,514 6,082 432 Magnum 414 414 Kerax 7,016 6,632 384 Lander 2,874 1,962 912 TOTAL RENAULT TRUCKS TRUCKS 29,328 26,479 2,849 Road tractors Premium 18,140 18,140 Magnum 7,763 7,76 3 Kerax 2,147 2,067 80 Lander 2,679 2,679 TOTAL RENAULT TRUCKS ROAD TRACTORS 30,729 30,649 80 Source: CCFA

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS _69

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COMMERCIAL VEHICLE PRODUCTION (INCLUDING COACHES AND BUSES) BY WEIGHT AND ENGINE TYPE In units 1980 1990 2000 (1) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Up to 3.5t 318,633 402,994 577,926 669,430 670,654 624,579 645,852 623,579 P 281,031 128,422 55,883 41,500 39,019 42,191 45,533 49,354 D 37,602 274,572 521,229 627,799 631,499 582,388 600,319 574,225 EL 814131136000 3.5t to 5.1t 60,824 33,573 134,973 143,305 153,162 188,880 184,105 223,681 P 14,675 1,961 1,724 816 719 134 0 14 D 46,149 31,612 133,249 142,489 152,443 188,746 184,105 223,667 5.1 t to 12 t D 25,538 6,377 13,593 12,936 11,820 10,192 7,659 5,724 12 t to 16 t D 12,541 8,251 5,009 5,777 5,685 4,912 4,212 4,562 16 t to 20 t D 6,909 5,518 7,304 6,259 7,115 6,999 7,294 8,356 Over 20t D 3,054 3,650 6,255 7,805 9,647 10,591 10,678 10,690 Road tractors D 9,269 11,278 20,998 19,472 20,237 23,523 27,949 30,729 Coaches & buses 3,0842,5482,938----- D3,0352,5482,606----- G 332----- EL49 ----- Total gasoline 295,706 130,383 57,607 42,316 39,738 42,325 45,533 49,368 Total diesel 144,097 343,806 710,243 822,537 838,446 827,351 842,216 857,953 Total electric 49 0 814 131 136 0 0 0 Total CNG or LPG 332----- TOTAL ALL CATEGORIES 439,852 474,189 768,996 864,984 878,320 869,676 887,749 907,321

P: Gasoline. D: Diesel. EL: Electric. G: CNG or LPG. (1) World production of French manufacturers as of 1997.

LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLE (UP TO 5T) PRODUCTION BY TYPE In units 1980 1990 2000,(1) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Passenger car derivatives Citroën 26,904 22,942 29,449 27,278 26,227 27,866 26,689 26,314 Peugeot 69,411 55,208 41,451 44,003 38,133 35,462 34,075 30,979 PSA PEUGEOT CITROËN (2) 103,229 78,150 70,900 71,281 64,360 63,328 60,764 57,293 Renault (3) 30,420 56,245 60,320 53,666 55,009 52,737 69,515 69,804 TOTAL 133,649 134,395 131,220 124,947 119,369 116,065 130,279 127,097 Small vans Citroën 45,573 67,257 100,832 99,945 97,954 90,230 91,874 112,254 Peugeot 27,002 18,537 70,443 71,186 70,480 79,106 87,932 113,638 PSA PEUGEOT CITROËN (2) 90,178 85,794 171,275 171,131 168,434 169,336 179,806 225,892 Renault 126,779 129,335 147,670 120,093 118,404 118,219 120,457 108,734 TOTAL 216,957 215,129 318,945 291,224 286,838 287,555 300,263 334,626 Large vans Citroën 23,813 32,209 61,957 76,249 81,195 82,015 94,986 98,262 Peugeot 33,031 47,623 75,023 81,874 78,687 80,743 96,949 103,076 PSA PEUGEOT CITROËN (2) 56,844 79,832 136,980 158,123 159,882 162,758 191,935 201,338 Renault 40,508 84,681 104,811 207,422 228,372 224,469 203,024 172,502 Renault Trucks - - 8,321 8,430 9,460 11,378 4,439 5,271 Sovam-Etalmobil 86 71 42 37 24 26 17 3 TOTAL 97,438 164,584 250,154 374,012 397,738 398,631 399,415 379,114 4x4 Peugeot 1,730 Pick-ups, small vans Dacia - - 12,580 22,552 19,871 11,208 6,423

(1) World production of French manufacturers as of 1997. (2) Including Talbot up to 1985. (3) Including Dacia Logan. Source: CCFA

70_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_05_Statistiques.indd 70 30/09/09 15:20:41 EUROPE - FRANCE EXPORTS OF FRENCH AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURERS (1)

NEW PASSENGER CAR EXPORTS BY DESTINATION In units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Europe (2) 1,202,834 1,645,276 2,636,150 2,878,753 2,835,899 2,660,616 2,777,968 2,266,279 of which: European Union (3) 946,760 1,479,316 2,261,904 2,580,944 2,424,350 2,343,310 2,420,691 1,906,629 Germany 202,939 277,424 337,743 325,457 365,860 316,509 306,231 287,149 Austria 35,775 36,175 41,510 51,174 48,779 42,720 43,406 43,189 Belgium-Luxembourg 105,966 144,896 172,806 178,562 171,552 173,205 165,486 168,273 Denmark 4,059 13,919 30,239 35,308 34,477 38,020 37,827 31,722 Spain 100,640 297,846 556,934 581,952 577,439 523,571 519,017 326,495 Greece 11,458 54,270 45,639 32,681 32,723 31,769 26,713 Italy 381,626 324,952 353,616 428,494 377,100 341,043 388,295 293,976 The Netherlands 84,063 95,340 120,438 119,814 99,707 97,673 105,103 99,265 Portugal 14,729 59,459 68,375 66,279 66,524 58,732 57,473 55,084 United Kingdom 156,071 245,989 432,507 472,007 413,743 364,967 376,050 262,015 Sweden 13,060 18,001 31,473 42,037 43,062 34,518 38,209 18,121 10 new member States 184,082 147,859 142,234 162,776 153,332 12 new member States 276,433 283,512 321,102 266,698 of which: CEEC/CIS (4) 23,619 31,569 164,814 99,284 214,335 154,964 195,460 224,787 Hungary 2,040 23,887 40,674 26,926 26,660 20,064 17,766 Poland 806 59,093 63,884 47,521 46,373 54,784 53,025 Romania 7,520 19,882 122,930 135,140 148,290 103,502 Russia 6,042 14,910 42,637 110,308 139,576 177,610 of which: Switzerland 51,821 43,832 45,654 40,507 41,231 38,113 40,352 38,812 of which: Turkey 13,069 148,264 140,873 142,160 111,852 108,890 87,572 Africa 133,213 45,675 69,865 110,483 103,130 133,996 145,483 151,256 of which: South Africa 22,439 0 13,913 29,539 32,941 28,216 11,686 5,637 North Africa 15,542 20,432 37,236 65,455 42,881 85,805 111,815 132,101 Nigeria 61,133 8,319 8,860 4,661 6,159 11,091 12,270 6,244 North and South America 145,204 29,360 230,270 288,902 314,505 363,711 471,245 483,777 of which: Argentina 11,899 516 97,605 54,418 70,099 98,588 121,282 122,942 Brazil 80,205 127,465 144,030 160,949 197,369 280,258 Colombia 11,885 9,112 16,659 26,512 36,499 49,853 5,819 2,807 Mexico 20 1,408 60,607 39,871 28,623 44,601 23,298 Asia (2) 26,178 96,645 166,261 461,879 512,772 499,791 659,491 751,237 of which: Japan 883 14,264 15,976 18,751 16,323 14,534 11,785 9,910 China 3,960 54,334 91,431 143,756 205,247 211,457 180,179 Iran 12,836 29,852 45,722 292,514 304,326 235,652 199,701 358,694 India 16,934 17,592 South Korea 121,106 120,013 104,028 Pacific 6,290 5,761 9,984 16,409 16,698 16,532 20,320 15,591 of which: Australia 2,398 820 2,765 9,354 11,872 12,614 15,063 10,762 TOTAL ALL CATEGORIES 1,529,652 1,881,998 3,174,447 3,819,541 3,841,448 3,738,684 4,109,972 3,736,921 KD and CKD units 471,744 208,241

NEW COMMERCIAL VEHICLES BY DESTINATION In units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Europe (2) 88,235 174,998 379,289 379,999 401,860 471,483 490,820 473,705 of which: European Union (3) 74,382 156,268 312,421 323,495 326,077 414,855 448,562 411,784 Germany 17,490 23,581 50,081 43,788 40,760 56,511 60,927 59,809 Austria 2,185 3,702 4,697 5,290 6,206 6,131 6,830 7,956 Belgium-Luxembourg 11,455 18,383 22,857 20,863 24,827 30,049 30,963 34,012 Spain 71 44,110 57,516 61,931 71,185 77,179 63,691 40,419 Italy 26,207 19,923 35,910 31,047 29,706 36,882 45,457 41,408 The Netherlands 8,234 7,995 23,087 17,188 11,630 16,574 19,729 20,926 Portugal 2,805 14,291 34,551 26,672 25,410 24,738 22,334 19,242 United Kingdom 8,390 21,127 55,647 63,951 64,554 75,574 69,972 62,972 10 new member States 28,844 24,939 35,439 45,694 49,057 12 new member States 51,099 55,569 64,926 75,366 of which: CEEC/CIS (4) 361 2,781 25,100 24,366 46,685 25,932 13,392 20,370 Poland 301 97 5,624 9,971 9,039 14,762 19,019 21,606 of which: Switzerland 3,317 2,921 4,293 5,033 5,934 7,371 8,123 8,174 Africa 75,802 18,320 16,074 27,779 22,597 26,118 24,055 30,466 of which: North Africa 18,334 8,588 13,509 24,360 18,345 20,141 21,107 26,601 North and South America 5,875 5,453 36,682 27,283 33,328 42,367 59,664 68,808 of which: USA 1,999 2,000 1,099 Asia (2) 6,930 11,302 8,260 11,200 11,781 7,622 7,481 7,356 Pacific 776 1,364 1,797 1,877 1,967 2,377 3,512 3,238 TOTAL ALL CATEGORIES 178,126 213,502 444,516 449,321 474,532 553,680 586,686 585,270 KD and CKD units 39,428 12,207

(1) As of 1996, exports of vehicles of French manufacturers include both assembled vehicles and KD/CKD units. Deliveries to French Overseas Departments are no longer counted in exports. Dacia’s exports are included in the scope of consolidation as of 2005, Renault Trafic’s are included as of 2006, and Renault Samsung Motors as of 2007 (180,973). Also, certain deliveries are assigned to regions but not countries. (2) As of 2004, exports to Cyprus are included in Europe, rather than Asia. (3) European Union: 9 countries in 1980; 10 countries in 1985; 12 countries between 1990 and 1994; 15 countries between 1995 and 2003; 25 countries from 2004 to 2005; 27 countries since 2006. (4) Excluding the ten new countries that joined the European Union in 2004 and 2005, and the two that joined in 2006. Source: CCFA

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS _71

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_05_Statistiques.indd 71 30/09/09 15:20:41 EUROPE - FRANCE PHYSICAL AND FINANCIAL DATA FOR THE AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY Physical and financial data are taken from surveys (known as the EAE reports) conducted every year of French companies in the automotive manufacturing industry. The surveys are one of the main sources of information for French industry. They are used by the statistics office of the French State Secretariat for Industry (SESSI). These data reflect the businesses of French and foreign-owned companies with operations in France. Their core businesses may extend to other countries. Changes such as the creation, reorganisation, acquisition or sale of companies can result in significant variations from one year to another.

AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURING

Units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 (1) PHYSICAL DATA No. of employees units 320,922 216,848 190,830 186,123 185,061 176,803 173,621 163,000 Production in France thousands 3,348 3,666 3,549 3,169 3,016 2,569 Production / employee 17.5 19.7 19.2 17.9 17.4 15.8 FINANCIAL DATA Net sales `million 19,251 49,472 73,684 87,667 86,944 87,085 91,770 84,000 Export sales `million 7,511 18,817 42,290 52,751 51,988 52,577 54,237 49,000 Exports as a % of total sales % 39.0% 38.0% 57.4% 60.2% 59.8% 60.4% 59.1% 58.3% Value added (VA) before tax `million 5,883 10,650 13,282 15,123 14,481 12,516 13,456 11,000 Value added / sales % 30.6% 21.5% 18.0% 17.2% 16.7% 14.4% 14.7% 13.1% Value added / employee `thousands 18 49 70 81 78 71 78 67 Social security costs `million 1,452 1,860 2,153 2,491 2,546 2,550 2,597 Social security costs / employee `thousands 4.5 8.6 11.3 13.4 13.8 14.4 15.0 Wages and salaries `million 3,254 4,271 5,093 6,109 6,216 6,331 6,511 Wages and salaries / employee `thousands 10.1 19.7 26.7 32.8 33.6 35.8 37.5 Personnel costs `million 4,706 6,132 7,246 8,600 8,761 8,881 9,108 Personnel costs / employee `thousands 14.7 28.3 38.0 46.2 47.3 50.2 52.5 Personnel costs / VA % 80.0% 57.6% 54.6% 56.9% 60.5% 71.0% 67.7% Operating cash flow `million 928 3,855 5,201 5,487 4,613 2,522 3,374 Operating cash flow / VA % 15.8% 36.2% 39.2% 36.3% 31.9% 20.2% 25.1% Interest expense `million 484 1,170 1,178 898 900 704 874 Interest expense / VA % 8.2% 11.0% 8.9% 5.9% 6.2% 5.6% 6.5% Interest income `million 207 1,095 2,508 2,234 2,029 1,157 1,851 Interest income / VA % 3.5% 10.3% 18.9% 14.8% 14.0% 9.2% 13.8% Net interest income (expense) `million -276 -74 1,330 1,336 1,128 453 977 Net interest income (expense) / VA % -4.7% -0.7% 10.0% 8.8% 7.8% 3.6% 7.3% Cash flow `million 638 2,918 5,499 4,960 4,236 1,682 3,504 Cash flow / VA % 10.8% 27.4% 41.4% 32.8% 29.3% 13.4% 26.0% Net income (loss) `million -26 969 2,851 2,358 1,086 -243 160 Net income / sales % -0.1% 2.0% 3.9% 2.7% 1.2% -0.3% 0.2% Capital expenditure `million 1,018 3,139 3,807 3,483 3,214 2,967 2,545 2,500 Capital expenditure / sales % 5.3% 6.3% 5.2% 4.0% 3.7% 3.4% 2.8% 3.0% Capital expenditure / VA % 17.3% 29.5% 28.7% 23.0% 22.2% 23.7% 18.9% 22.7%

(1) CCFA estimates.

72_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_05_Statistiques.indd 72 30/09/09 15:20:41 EUROPE - FRANCE PHYSICAL AND FINANCIAL DATA ON THE AUTOMOTIVE EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY Physical and financial data in the table below are taken from surveys (known as the EAE reports) conducted every year of French companies in the automotive equipment manufacturing industry. In 1993, new French definitions of activities were adopted to bring them in line with those used by the European Union. A number of companies were reclassified in the metalworking, electrical equipment and car seating industries, resulting in a statistical break in data. Companies classified in the “automotive equipment manufacturing” industry therefore do not account for all automotive industry suppliers, which also include manufacturers of electrical equipment for engines and vehicles, car seats, glass, tyres, and automotive closures and springs (see page 53). In addition to these activities, the automotive manufacturing and automotive equipment manufacturing industries purchase a number of intermediate products (metals, rubber, plastics, etc.), services (consulting, research, advertising, etc.) and capital goods from other sectors.

AUTOMOTIVE EQUIPMENT PRODUCTION

Units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 (1) 2008 (2) PHYSICAL DATA No. of companies (> 20 employees) units 320 320 243 219 204 200 192 188 No. of employees units 143,347 112,963 94,171 91,491 85,928 82,273 73,110 68,500 FINANCIAL DATA Net sales `million 5,637 14,452 17,766 20,623 19,889 19,372 18,149 16,000 Export sales `million 1,301 4,018 7,512 8,745 8,291 8,452 8,676 7,800 Exports as a % of total sales % 23.1% 27.8% 42.3% 42.4% 41.7% 43.6% 47.8% 48.8% Value added (VA) before tax `million 2,251 4,530 4,643 5,309 4,869 4,691 4,276 Value added / sales before tax % 39.9% 31.3% 26.1% 25.7% 24.5% 24.2% 23.6% Value added / employee before tax `thousands 16 40 49 58 57 57 58 Social security costs `million 503 867 902 1,011 1,009 996 880 Social security costs / employee `thousands 3.5 7.7 9.6 11.1 11.7 12.1 12.0 Wages and salaries `million 1,239 2,060 2,213 2,431 2,374 2,354 2,086 Wages and salaries / employee `thousands 8.6 18.2 23.5 26.6 27.6 28.6 28.5 Personnel costs `million 1,742 2,926 3,115 3,442 3,383 3,350 2,967 Personnel costs / employee `thousands 12.2 25.9 33.1 37.6 39.4 40.7 40.6 Personnel costs / VA % 77.4% 64.6% 67.1% 64.8% 69.5 %71.4%69.4% Operating cash flow `million 418 1,337 1,206 1,511 1,121 979 1,014 Operating cash flow / VA % 18.6% 29.5% 26.0% 28.5 % 23.0% 20.9% 23.7% Interest expense `million 186 387 440 214 253 288 262 Interest expense / VA % 8.2% 8.5% 9.5% 4.0% 5.2% 6.1% 6.1% Interest income `million 36 213 337 239 285 336 268 Interest income / VA % 1.6% 4.7% 7.3% 4.5% 5.9% 7.2% 6.3% Net interest income (expense) `million -150 -174 -103 24 32 48 5 Net interest income (expense) / VA % -6.7% -3.8% -2.2% 0.5% 0.7% 1.0% 0.1% Cash flow `million 237 883 889 1,085 834 777 697 Cash flow / VA % 10.5% 19.5% 19.2% 20.4% 17.1% 16.6% 16.3% Net income `million 54 400 -92 414 83 103 141 Net income / sales % 1.0% 2.8% -0.5% 2.0% 0.4% 0.5% 0.8% Capital expenditure `million 328 899 1,024 650 687 651 485 Capital expenditure / sales % 5.8% 6.2% 5.8% 3.2% 3.5% 3.4% 2.7% Capital expenditure / VA % 14.6% 19.8% 22.0% 12.2% 14.1% 13.9% 11.3%

(1) In 2007, a part of the reduction can be explained by the reclassification of certain companies under other business nomenclatures. (2) FIEV estimates.

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS _73

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_05_Statistiques.indd 73 30/09/09 15:20:42 EUROPE - FRANCE REGISTRATIONS

NEW PASSENGER CAR REGISTRATIONS BY MAKE In units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Citroën 270,983 266,822 261,508 256,705 271,273 257,927 277,347 289,397 Peugeot 293,461 498,481 397,547 363,224 362,157 356,801 349,390 343,904 PSA Peugeot Citroën (1) 685,318 765,303 659,055 619,929 633,430 614,728 626,737 633,301 Renault 759,312 639,440 602,415 549,192 524,415 472,105 443,536 449,334 Others France 56 146 63 551 148 85 69 35 FRANCE TOTAL (2) 1,444,686 1,404,889 1,261,533 1,169,672 1,157,993 1,086,918 1,070,342 1,082,670 Alfa Romeo 25,380 15,916 12,774 13,454 13,845 14,900 13,956 10,313 Audi 17,455 32,762 34,937 36,461 44,283 43,980 48,086 47,850 BMW 17,239 29,580 31,576 37,108 40,462 40,682 49,548 49,145 Chrysler 16 4,084 4,827 5,751 5,058 4,872 4,010 2,483 Dacia 9,758 18,742 32,635 43,514 Daewoo - -11,73115821 GM Daewoo 7,78 3 9 33 3 Chevrolet 7,9 39 7,616 8,94 3 9,140 Daihatsu - 0 1,043 1,297 1,538 1,899 2,847 1,842 Dodge 13 1,323 2,866 2,563 Fiat 53,147 128,822 95,983 48,283 46,154 50,391 53,113 73,499 Ford 68,426 159,575 117,061 101,631 103,587 96,115 103,065 112,125 Honda 8,293 14,002 8,716 6,756 8,879 11,715 15,631 12,358 Hyundai - 0 11,019 27,814 27,389 26,799 26,814 18,442 Jaguar 269 1,290 1,939 2,912 2,112 1,765 1,565 1,674 Jeep - 3,824 3,001 2,995 3,522 3,556 4,886 2,272 Kia - 0 2,631 8,846 18,067 15,016 15,461 15,739 Lada 13,069 15,758 1,867 1,405 1,671 1,042 622 176 Lancia 6,801 18,225 5,864 3,061 4,414 4,009 4,257 4,764 Land Rover 237 3,611 7,570 5,644 6,932 5,298 7,461 3,160 Mazda 13,021 18,563 6,366 12,179 11,437 13,859 14,486 13,391 Mercedes 14,430 28,605 43,389 49,187 54,628 58,698 61,629 51,495 Mini ---10,85812,6139,60816,03318,999 Mitsubishi 2,788 4,298 5,575 7,751 6,752 3,112 5,457 2,563 Nissan-Infiniti 17,700 25,707 31,330 37,568 40,806 30,967 32,265 38,176 Opel 32,709 113,490 133,576 110,329 106,454 99,254 99,661 89,774 Porsche 1,060 1,297 825 2,117 2,375 2,284 2,863 1,632 Rover 20,690 41,147 13,474 4,562 1,980 239 13 0 Saab 179 2,459 3,265 3,296 2,701 3,037 3,364 3,171 Santana - 1,746 4,231 101 183 144 Seat 306 48,052 40,562 32,642 32,738 35,005 37,990 34,770 Skoda 1,636 1,825 11,570 12,131 15,042 16,296 18,362 17,393 Smart - - 6,645 12,721 12,646 10,078 8,061 8,669 Ssangyong - 0 19 467 3,969 4,506 3,873 590 Subaru - 0 2,312 1,447 1,462 1,508 1,782 1,233 Suzuki - 0 11,355 18,140 21,110 25,523 30,841 25,308 Toyota-Lexus 13,095 15,839 43,698 78,667 87,406 97,140 103,355 92,209 Volkswagen 75,727 155,971 152,868 124,145 135,975 140,737 142,593 144,465 Volvo 8,207 12,415 6,777 11,858 11,089 10,591 13,749 10,992 FOREIGN TOTAL (2) 428,516 904,241 872,351 844,037 909,796 913,631 994,201 967,613 TOTAL ALL CATEGORIES 1,873,202 2,309,130 2,133,884 2,013,709 2,067,789 2,000,549 2,064,543 2,050,283 French makes (%) 77.1% 60.8% 59.1% 58.1% 56.0% 54.3% 51.8% 52.8% Foreign makes (%) 22.9% 39.2% 40.9% 41.9% 44.0% 45.7% 48.2% 47.2%

(1) Including Talbot up to 1985. (2) Including others.

USED PASSENGER CAR REGISTRATIONS In units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 TOTAL ALL CATEGORIES 4,441,423 4,758,750 5,082,122 5,444,076 5,383,361 5,465,603 5,570,764 5,393,045 Used/new ratio 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.6

USED LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS In units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 TOTAL ALL CATEGORIES 644,925 651,033 732,378 718,948 742,366 768,538 781,720 Used/new ratio 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

74_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_05_Statistiques.indd 74 30/09/09 15:20:42 EUROPE - FRANCE REGISTRATIONS

NEW DIESEL PASSENGER CAR REGISTRATIONS BY MAKE In units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Citroën 24,158 111,881 138,628 175,235 182,569 178,719 214,083 234,354 Peugeot 65,199 189,322 206,153 255,397 258,712 258,587 257,478 260,482 PSA Peugeot Citroën (1) 89,357 301,203 344,781 430,632 441,281 437,306 471,561 494,836 Renault 45,862 205,374 257,909 380,754 357,094 331,999 319,076 357,084 FRANCE TOTAL (2) 135,219 506,577 602,711 811,511 798,437 769,338 790,637 851,920 Alfa Romeo - 2,524 7,444 10,607 10,845 12,429 12,130 9,077 Audi 19,591 13,495 25,901 32,362 39,365 40,052 42,471 43,227 BMW/Mini - 8,271 21,065 33,276 36,731 37,587 47,734 52,301 Chrysler/Dodge/Jeep - - 4,161 6,844 6,556 8,269 11,059 7,126 Dacia 0 9,326 21,600 33,838 Fiat-Lancia 10,352 33,913 38,337 23,645 27,196 30,568 33,048 42,258 Ford 1,833 56,331 58,896 74,578 76,476 72,564 77,401 96,415 Honda 413 2,430 4,470 7,583 10,433 7,292 Hyundai - - 5,510 20,832 22,129 22,615 22,943 12,665 Kia 1,200 4,866 10,597 10,488 12,156 12,016 Land Rover - 2,980 5,656 5,364 6,560 5,091 7,312 3,122 Mazda - 5,200 3,204 7,158 6,061 9,186 9,460 8,591 Mercedes 10,635 15,676 30,007 41,078 44,079 50,994 55,056 46,798 Mitsubishi - 1,623 3,227 5,759 4,793 2,326 4,724 2,046 Nissan-Infiniti 694 4,982 15,533 22,946 23,454 17,657 21,376 26,798 Opel 6,178 28,218 63,726 74,147 75,944 69,803 72,590 64,613 Rover - 4,419 7,480 3,416 1,482 154 5 0 Seat - 14,367 27,861 26,019 26,378 28,872 32,123 30,398 Skoda - - 7,741 9,901 12,381 12,620 15,142 15,543 Suzuki - - 3,165 11,910 11,969 16,507 17,531 14,228 Toyota-Lexus - 3,594 12,282 48,217 54,560 58,723 64,770 55,582 Volkswagen - 50,975 89,487 98,330 106,909 113,969 119,040 129,650 Volvo 1,198 4,097 4,786 10,666 10,247 9,823 12,694 10,582 FOREIGN TOTAL (2) 50,815 255,477 443,774 581,414 630,600 658,359 734,802 732,518 TOTAL ALL CATEGORIES 186,034 762,054 1,046,485 1,392,925 1,429,037 1,427,697 1,525,439 1,584,438 % diesel 9.9% 33.0% 49.0% 69.2% 69.1% 71.4% 73.9% 77.3% French makes (%) 72.7% 66.5% 57.6% 58.3% 55.9% 53.9% 51.8% 53.8% Foreign makes (%) 27.3% 33.5% 42.4% 41.7% 44.1% 46.1% 48.2% 46.2%

(1) Including Talbot up to 1985. (2) Including others.

NEW LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS (UP TO 5T) BY MAKE In units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Citroën 53,245 80,958 77,048 71,688 73,166 74,786 71,901 78,593 Peugeot 49,318 60,813 74,950 76,952 73,778 75,295 81,050 82,256 PSA Peugeot Citroën (1) 112,231 141,771 151,998 148,640 146,944 150,081 152,951 160,849 Renault 116,602 162,549 139,752 139,567 140,059 151,058 150,532 144,750 Others France 256 415 40 6,539 10,076 300 488 460 TOTAL FRANCE 229,089 304,735 291,790 294,746 297,079 301,439 303,971 306,059 Fiat 8,326 10,139 25,253 12,880 12,497 24,321 33,071 36,403 Ford 9,099 16,080 18,110 16,837 19,695 25,024 26,458 24,765 Hyundai - - 588 1,377 1,380 1,614 996 659 Isuzu 108 883 1,370 1,654 2,280 1,950 Iveco 2,941 11,543 16,534 14,840 15,721 16,175 18,828 17,845 Land Rover 645 2,718 1,857 1,357 1,256 1,090 1,218 1,211 Mazda 579 1,067 916 454 635 745 760 620 Mercedes 5,495 11,156 23,139 19,231 18,973 20,177 23,422 22,509 Mitsubishi - - 3,392 1,487 1,350 3,263 3,766 2,916 Nissan 861 5,063 5,197 8,484 9,746 11,647 10,050 8,449 Opel 664 2,408 7,561 10,372 12,617 12,936 12,646 11,606 Toyota-Lexus 7,112 6,099 1,771 2,420 2,587 3,232 6,204 7,019 Volkswagen 8,091 9,673 13,819 9,627 10,043 11,939 13,178 13,713 FOREIGN TOTAL (2) 48,798 89,060 123,176 113,704 122,986 138,592 157,491 154,214 TOTAL ALL CATEGORIES 277,887 393,795 414,966 408,450 420,065 440,031 461,462 460,273 French makes (%) 82.4% 77.4% 70.3% 72.2% 70.7% 68.5% 65.9% 66.5% Foreign makes (%) 17.6% 22.6% 29.7% 27.8% 29.3% 31.5% 34.1% 33.5%

(1)Including Talbot up to 1985. (2) Including others. (3) 2006 and more recent data are not comparable to data from prior years because some models were reclassified to “Others France” and “Foreign”.

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS _75

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NEW PASSENGER CARS AND LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS BY MAKE In units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 (1) 2007 2008 Citroën 324,228 347,780 338,556 328,393 344,439 332,713 349,248 367,990 Peugeot 342,779 559,294 472,497 440,176 435,935 432,096 430,440 426,160 PSA Peugeot Citroën 797,549 907,074 811,053 768,569 780,374 764,809 779,688 794,150 Renault 875,914 801,989 742,167 688,759 664,474 623,163 594,068 594,084 TOTAL FRANCE 1,673,775 1,709,624 1,553,323 1,464,418 1,455,072 1,388,357 1,374,313 1,388,729 Fiat 61,473 138,961 121,236 61,163 58,651 74,712 86,184 109,902 Ford 77,525 175,655 135,171 118,468 123,282 121,139 129,523 136,890 Land Rover 882 6,329 9,427 7,001 8,188 6,388 8,679 4,371 Mercedes 19,925 39,761 66,528 68,418 73,601 78,875 85,051 74,004 Nissan-Infiniti 18,561 30,770 36,527 46,052 50,552 42,614 42,315 46,625 Opel 33,373 115,898 141,137 120,701 119,071 112,190 112,307 101,380 Rover 20,812 41,343 13,564 4,579 1,982 239 13 0 Seat 306 51,999 42,230 33,148 33,024 35,452 38,426 35,146 Toyota-Lexus 20,207 21,938 45,469 81,087 89,993 100,372 109,559 99,228 Volkswagen 83,818 165,644 166,687 133,772 146,018 152,676 155,771 158,178 FOREIGN TOTAL 477,314 993,301 995,527 957,741 1,032,782 1,052,223 1,151,692 1,121,827 TOTAL ALL CATEGORIES 2,151,089 2,702,925 2,548,850 2,422,159 2,487,854 2,440,580 2,526,005 2,510,556 French makes (%) 77.8% 63.3% 60.9% 60.5% 58.5% 56.9% 54.4% 55.3% Foreign makes (%) 22.2% 36.7% 39.1% 39.5% 41.5% 43.1% 45.6% 44.7% (1) See note (3) on page 75.

NEW HEAVY TRUCK (OVER 5T) REGISTRATIONS BY MAKE In units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Renault Trucks 17,984 20,453 20,818 17,696 18,339 18,805 16,843 19,359 TOTAL FRANCE 18,312 20,738 20,992 17,780 18,465 18,966 16,971 19,472 DAF 1,881 3,460 4,365 5,046 6,321 5,464 5,995 6,579 Iveco 6,578 7,204 6,998 5,407 5,901 5,795 5,385 5,838 MAN 327 1,433 3,498 3,021 4,545 3,763 5,171 5,530 Mercedes 8,014 9,500 9,976 7,246 9,325 9,119 8,879 9,610 Scania 1,389 2,711 4,963 3,382 4,417 3,893 4,200 4,156 Volvo 3,724 4,647 6,739 4,976 5,870 5,691 5,522 5,739 FOREIGN TOTAL 23,534 29,290 36,924 29,408 36,819 34,157 35,568 38,032 TOTAL ALL CATEGORIES 41,846 50,028 57,916 47,188 55,284 53,123 52,539 57,504 French makes (%) 43.8% 41.5% 36.2% 37.7% 33.4% 35.7% 32.3% 33.9% Foreign makes (%) 56.2% 58.5% 63.8% 62.3% 66.6% 64.3% 67.7% 66.1%

USED HEAVY TRUCK (OVER 5T) REGISTRATIONS In units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 TOTAL - - 59,056 72,714 55,975 55,946 55,012 54,586 Used/new ratio - -1.01.51.01.11.00.9

NEW COACH AND BUS (OVER 5T) REGISTRATIONS BY MAKE In units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Renault 2,1261,6921,633----- Others France 107255367----- Kässbohrer-Setra479392261----- Mercedes 554245602----- TOTAL ALL CATEGORIES3,5583,1604,320-----

Groupe Irisbus (1) - - - 2,341 2,459 2,793 2,861 2,914 Groupe Evobus (2) - - - 700 888 915 974 1,346 Groupe Neoman Bus (3) ---237404475550527 Bova - - - 115 198 217 262 155 Ponticelli - - - 190 48 29 1 0 Temsa - - - 191 301 371 343 284 Van Hool 57 250 230 263 238 212 151 157 Others ---176237231349272 TOTAL ALL CATEGORIES - - - 4,213 4,773 5,243 5,491 5,655

(1) Irisbus Group: Irisbus, Irisbus-Heuliez, Irisbus-Renault, Karosa and Iveco. (2) Evobus: Kässbohrer and Mercedes. (3) Neoman Bus: MAN and Neoplan.

76_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

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DENSITY (INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS)

Number of cars and commercial vehicles per TOTAL VEHICLES IN USE (1 JANUARY 2009) 1,000 inhabitants on 1 January In thousands 1985 1995 2000 2008 All fuels Diesel European Union (1) 380 473 534 585 PASSENGER CARS Germany 450 529 553 535 Up to 5hp 12,537 6,308 Belgium 363 463 505 550 6hp to 10hp 16,789 9,839 Spain 276 430 517 632 11hp and above 1,523 606 France 446 520 564 598 Total passenger cars 30,850 16,753 Italy 412 541 615 685 LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLES (LCV) United Kingdom 379 474 525 580 Up to 2,5t 3,721 3,018 Sweden 400 445 481 525 2.5t to 3.5t 1,999 1,963 Poland 117 229 287 454 3.6t to 5t 10 10 Turkey 27 65 84 129 Total LCVs up to 5t 5,730 4,991 Canada 559 562 573 624 Total passenger cars and light commercial vehicles 36,580 21,744 USA 708 759 774 818 HEAVY TRUCKS OF MORE THAN 5T South Korea 25 177 240 341 Trucks Japan 375 527 566 592 5t to less than 12t (all diesel) 82 82 Argentina 173 167 181 209 12t to less than 16t (all diesel) 54 54 Brazil 86 89 109 133 16t to less than 20t (all diesel) 117 117 China 3 8 12 34 20t and over (all diesel) 89 89 India 3 6 7 14 Total trucks (all diesel) 342 342 Road tractors (all diesel) 206 206 (1) As of 1995, the EU includes 15 countries. Source: CCFA Coaches and buses 84 82 Total commercial vehicles over 5t 632 630 Total commercial vehicles all sizes 6,362 5,620 OVERALL TOTAL 37,212 22,373

Source : estimations CCFA VEHICLE OWNERSHIP

Units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 (1) Households without a vehicle % 29.2% 23.2% 19.7% 19.5% 18.8% 18.0% 17.6% 17.3% Households with a vehicle % 70.8% 76.8% 80.3% 80.5% 81.2% 82.0% 82.4% 82.7% Households with one vehicle % 54.3% 50.5% 50.7% 46.8% 46.4% 46.3% 46.6% 46.9% Households with two vehicles % 14.8% 23.0% 25.4% 28.4% 29.4% 30.2% 30.3% 30.5% Households with three or more vehicles % 1.7% 3.3% 4.2% 5.3% 5.4% 5.5% 5.5% 5.3% Ave rag e ag e of ve hicl e ye a r s 5.9 0 7.25 7.55 7.71 7.9 8.2 8.1 Average ownership period years 3.66 4.43 4.64 4.73 4.9 4.9 4.9 % used passenger cars % 50.0 56.1 59.7 59.9 60.8 61.9 61.9 Total average kilometres km 12,200 13,041 13,560 12,843 12,613 12,430 12,198 12,015 Average kilometres, petrol km 11,600 11,651 10,780 9,710 9,546 9,122 8,832 8,658 Average kilometres, diesel km 26,200 20,950 18,140 16,758 16,174 15,917 15,590 15,106 DOMESTIC PASSENGER ROAD TRANSPORT By passenger car billion pass. / km 452.5 585.6 699.6 736.9 727.4 723.8 727.8 720.2 By bus-coach billion pass. / km 36.0 41.3 43.0 44.0 43.8 44.9 47.1 49.4 Total traffic billion pass. / km 586.9 712.2 838.5 880.3 873.4 873.4 881.0 881.1 Road transport as a % of total traffic % 83.2 88.0 88.6 88.7 88.3 88.0 88.0 87.3 ANNUAL CHANGE By passenger car % - + 2.6 + 0.0 -0.2 -1,3 -0.5 0.6 -1.0 By coach - bus % - + 2.7 + 3.4 3.0 -0.4 2.3 5.0 4.8

(1) Provisional data. Sources: SOFRES, calculations by INRETS-ADEME, INSEE and SOeS

TOTAL VEHICLES IN USE ON 1 JANUARY In thousands 1980 1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 PASSENGER CARS Up to 5hp 5,090 8,312 10,572 12,040 12,096 12,236 12,323 12,537 6hp to 10hp 11,460 13,385 15,723 16,519 16,618 16,720 16,864 16,789 Over 10hp 1,890 1,313 1,186 1,341 1,386 1,444 1,513 1,523 TOTAL PASSENGER CARS 18,440 23,010 27,480 29,900 30,100 30,400 30,700 30,850 of which: diesel 730 3,265 9,261 13,590 14,348 15,143 15,922 16,753 COMMERCIAL VEHICLES Up to 3.5t 1,985 4,125 4,974 5,489 5,549 5,609 5,680 5,720 3.5t to 5t 103 20 12 12 11 11 10 10 5t to 20t 250 334 287 274 267 264 259 253 20t and over 26 41 46 68 75 81 86 89 Road tractors 129 160 210 215 213 213 215 206 TOTAL COMMERCIAL VEHICLES 2,493 4,680 5,529 6,057 6,115 6,178 6,250 6,278 of which: diesel 976 2,342 4,202 5,030 5,149 5,273 5,410 5,539 COACHES AND BUSES 57 68 80 82 83 83 83 84 OVERALL TOTAL 20,990 27,758 33,090 36,039 36,298 36,661 37,033 37,212 of which: diesel 1,763 5,675 13,543 18,700 19,579 20,497 21,413 22,373

Source: CCFA estimates

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS _77

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FUEL, AUTOMOTIVE TAXES AND CO2 EMISSIONS

MOTOR FUEL CONSUMPTION, PRICES AND TAXES Units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 FUEL CONSUMPTION Regular gasoline millions of litres 4,216 959 Premium leaded - AVSR millions of litres 20,007 19,911 3,924 1,072 433 112 26 0 Premium unleaded millions of litres 3,406 14,329 14,392 14,097 13,566 13,037 12,056 Total gasoline millions of litres 24,223 24,276 18,253 15,463 14,529 13,678 13,063 12,056 Diesel millions of litres 11,415 20,664 32,373 36,405 36,744 37,740 39,004 38,910 TOTAL ROAD FUEL millions of litres 35,638 44,940 50,627 51,868 51,273 51,419 52,067 50,966 Source: CPPD, 2008 estimates

Units 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 RETAIL PRICES OF FUEL (ANNUAL AVERAGE) Regular gasoline inc. VAT euros/litre0.490.80------Tax as a % %5773------Premium leaded - AVSR euros/litre0.520.811.171.141.27--- Tax as a % %5774717267--- Premium unleaded 98 euros/litre - 0.79 1.11 1.08 1.20 1.27 1.31 1.39 Tax as a % % - 71 69 71 65 62 63 60 Gasoline euros/litre 0.52 0.81 1.12 1.07 1.18 1.24 1.28 1.36 Tax as a % % 57 74 69 72 67 63 63 61 Diesel euros/litre 0.37 0.54 0.85 0.88 1.02 1.08 1.10 1.27 Tax as a % % 46 61 62 63 57 55 55 50 Source: Directorate of Energy and Mineral Resources (DIREM)

AUTOMOBILE FLEET EMISSIONS IN MAINLAND FRANCE BETWEEN 1990 AND 2008 In thousands of tonnes 1990 1995 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 (1) Change Change 2008-1990 2008-2007 REGULATED POLLUTANTS

SO2 13911422244444 - 97% - CO 6,201 4,475 2,613 1,717 1,427 1,212 1,033 874 - 86% - 15%

NOx 1,141 1,045 895 792 756 734 712 675 - 41% - 5% NMVOC 1,040 793 492 295 247 209 177 148 - 86% - 16% Lead 3,8871,143700000 - 100% - PM10: particulates 6578675953515046- 29% - 8%

OTHER EMISSIONS Millions of tonnes

CO2 109 117 125 128 127 126 124 118 8% - 5% (1) 2008 estimates. Source: CITEPA/Secten data: updated in June 2009

CO2 EMISSIONS IN MAINLAND FRANCE BY BUSINESS SECTOR In millions of tonnes of CO2

1990 1995 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008(1) Power production 60 65 62 64 64 68 65 66 61 Industry 106 104 101 102 100 101 99 97 95 Residential/Commercial 87 88 87 91 96 95 92 84 89 Transport 125 133 137 136 137 135 134 133 126 of which: road 117 125 128 128 128 127 126 124 118 of which: other transport 889888888 Agriculture/silviculture 999898888 TOTAL WITH LULUCF 327 346 327 328 330 330 320 309 301 (1) 2008 estimates. Source: CITEPA/ CORALIE/ Secten format, June 2009. LULUCF: Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry

AVERAGE CO2 EMISSIONS OF NEW CARS IN FRANCE AND EUROPE In grams of CO2 per km 1995 2000 2 001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 France Gasoline 177 168 164 164 163 162 159 155 153 141 Diesel 175 155 154 152 151 149 149 147 148 139 TOTAL 176 162 156 155 155 153 152 149 149 140 European Union 15 countries TOTAL 186 171 168 166 164 162 161 161 159 154 Source: ADEME (March 2009)

78_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

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FRENCH AUTOMOTIVE FOREIGN TRADE IN VALUE

French Overseas Departments are included in the scope of French Customs as of 1997. In E millions and % year-on-year change New cars New light New heavy trucks Parts and engines Automotive Used vehicles Automotive sector commercial industry sector vehicles Exports (FOB) 1986 7,286 701 658 6,560 15,204 129 15,333 1990 10,818 6% 846 -6% 988 7% 9,919 10% 22,571 7% 490 67% 23,060 8% 1995 11,343 -1% 769 9% 2,609 94% 11,357 2% 26,078 5% 441 32% 26,519 6% 2000 19,828 12% 2,146 32% 2,328 34% 18,213 11% 42,515 14% 1,125 -6% 43,640 13% 2005 26,187 -5% 2,630 -8% 2,669 -5% 19,543 1% 51,031 -3% 1,571 0% 52,602 -3% 2007 21,700 -8% 2,844 12% 3,482 18% 22,465 6% 50,492 1% 1,387 -10% 51,879 0% 2008 18,056 -17% 2,447 -14% 3,703 6% 21,154 -6% 45,359 -10% 1,200 -13% 46,560 -10% Imports (CIF) 1986 5,534 871 1,115 3,520 11,040 284 11,323 1990 9,813 7% 1,467 3% 1,564 -9% 5,596 1% 18,439 3% 638 21% 19,077 3% 1995 10,838 4% 1,189 2% 2,903 75% 6,687 13% 21,616 12% 349 28% 21,965 13% 2000 16,961 14% 1,997 9% 2,695 26% 11,024 11% 32,678 14% 959 -8% 33,637 13% 2005 20,671 4% 2,969 12% 3,285 6% 15,897 6% 42,822 5% 765 18% 43,587 6% 2007 24,407 12% 3,429 9% 3,663 11% 17,973 9% 49,472 10% 982 32% 50,454 11% 2008 24,093 -1% 3,421 0% 3,833 5% 17,201 -4% 48,548 -2% 978 0% 49,526 -2% Balances (exports–imports) 1986 +1,752 -170 -457 +3,040 +4,165 -155 +4,010 1990 +1,005 -621 -576 +4,323 +4,131 -148 +3,983 1995 +505 -420 -293 +4,670 +4,462 +92 +4,554 2000 +2,867 +149 -367 +7,189 +9,837 +166 +10,003 2005 +5,517 -338 -616 +3,646 +8,208 +807 +9,015 2007 -2,706 -586 -180 +4,492 +1,020 +405 +1,425 2008 -6,038 -974 -130 +3,954 -3,188 +222 -2,966 Coverage rate (exports/imports x 100) 1986 132 80 59 186 138 45 135 1990 110 58 63 177 122 77 121 1995 105 65 90 170 121 126 121 2000 117 107 86 165 130 117 130 2005 127 89 81 123 119 205 121 2007 89 83 95 125 102 141 103 2008 75 72 97 123 93 123 94

FOB (free-on-board): transaction value including freight and insurance up to the border of the exporting country. CIF (cost, insurance, freight): transaction value including freight and insurance up to the border of the importing country. Source: customs data processed by CCFA

AUTOMOTIVE TAXES AND DUTIES In E millions 1980 1990 2000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Tax on road-use oil products 9 078 21,335 30,630 31,531 32,111 33,195 33,657 34,735 (including VAT) Automotive insurance tax 478 2,780 3,429 4,025 4,057 3,898 3,900 3,933 Tax on vehicle registration 157 846 1,373 1,479 1,623 1,832 1,939 1,888 certificates Road tax 866 1,901 539 129 145 19 0 0 Tax on company cars 199 345 644 843 867 1,126 1,140 1,070 Tax based on number of axles 59 75 223 216 205 215 216 226 Fixed rate police and traffic fines, 154 317 720 1,076 1,266 1,162 1,163 1,435 sentence fines Driver’s license tax 88864----- Regional development tax 0 0 442 494 499 512 526 521 Government royalty - 30 132 149 154 163 169 174 TOTAL 11,079 27,716 38,136 39,942 40,927 42,122 42,710 43,982 VAT on spending to acquire --15,300 (1) ----- and use vehicles Motorway tolls (including VAT) 610 2,592 5,330 7,296 7,666 8,193 8,838 9,484

(1) For 1998. Sources: Internal Revenue, CCFA, URF, Transport Satellite Account (SESP), French National Transport Accounting Commission

COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES / ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS _79

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_05_Statistiques.indd 79 30/09/09 15:20:45 EUROPE - FRANCE USEFUL ADDRESSES

FRENCH AUTOMOTIVE MANUFACTURERS Fédération des industries d’équipements pour véhicules (FIEV) 77-81, rue Jean-Jacques-Rousseau – 92158 Suresnes Cedex PSA Peugeot Citroën Tel.: +33 (0)1 46 25 02 30 – Fax: +33 (0)1 46 97 00 80 Peugeot www.fiev.fr 75, avenue de la Grande-Armée – 75116 Paris Tel.: +33 (0)1 40 66 55 11 – Fax: +33 (0)1 40 66 54 14 Syndicat des constructeurs de véhicules et de loisirs (SICVERL) www.psa.fr – www.peugeot.com 3, rue des Cordelières – 75013 Paris Tel.: +33 (0)1 43 37 86 61 – Fax: +33 (0)1 45 35 07 39 Citroën www.syndicat-vehicules-loisirs.com Immeuble Colisée III – 12, rue Fructidor – 75835 Paris Cedex 17 Union des industries et métiers de la métallurgie (UIMM) Tel.: +33 (0)1 58 79 79 79 – Fax: +33 (0)1 58 79 72 25 56, avenue de Wagram – 75017 Paris www.psa.fr – www.citroen.com Tel.: +33 (0)1 40 54 20 20 – Fax: +33 (0)1 40 54 21 81 www.uimm.fr Renault 13-15, quai Le Gallo – 92153 Boulogne-Billancourt Cedex Union routière de France (URF) Tel.: +33 (0)1 76 84 04 04 28, rue Vignon – 75009 Paris Tel.: +33 (0)1 40 70 05 45 – Fax: +33 (0)1 47 23 77 57 Renault Communication www.urf.asso.fr 1967, rue du Vieux-Pont-de-Sèvres 92109 Boulogne-Billancourt Cedex Union technique de l’automobile, du motocycle et du cycle (Utac) Tel.: +33 (0)1 76 84 34 34 BP 212 – 91311 Montlhéry Cedex www.renault.com Tel.: +33 (0)1 69 80 17 00 – Fax: +33 (0)1 69 80 17 17 www.utac.com Renault Trucks 99, route de Lyon – 69800 Saint-Priest INTERNATIONAL AUTOMOTIVE ORGANISATIONS Tél. : 04 72 96 51 11 Direction des Relations extérieures Association des constructeurs européens d’automobiles (ACEA) 15, bd de l’Amiral-Bruix – 75016 Paris 85, avenue des Nerviens – 1040 Bruxelles (Belgique) Tel.: +33 (0)1 58 44 19 71 – Fax: +33 (0)1 58 44 19 75 Tel.: +32 2 732 55 50 – Fax: +32 2 738 73 10 www.renault-trucks.com www.acea.be

Alpine-Renault Organisation internationale des constructeurs d’automobiles (OICA) Avenue de Bréauté – 76885 Dieppe Cedex 4, rue de Berri – 75008 Paris Tel.: +33 (0)2 35 06 81 50 – Fax: +33 (0)2 35 84 56 17 Tel.: +33 (0)1 43 59 00 13 – Fax: +33 (0)1 45 63 84 41 www.oica.net Groupe Henri Heuliez 7, rue Louis-Heuliez – BP 70209 – 79142 Cerizay Cedex AUTOMOTIVE ASSOCIATIONS IN FRANCE Tel.: +33 (0)5 49 81 33 11 – Fax: +33 (0)5 49 80 04 17 40 millions d’automobilistes www.heuliez.com 118, bd Haussmann – 75008 Paris AUTOMOTIVE ORGANISATIONS IN FRANCE Tel.: +33 (0)1 44 90 00 24 – Fax: +33 (0)1 44 90 96 09 www.40millionsdautomobilistes.com Association française du gaz naturel pour véhicules (AFGNV) 10, rue Saint-Florentin – 75001 Paris Fédération française des Automobile Clubs et des usagers de la route (FFAC) Tel.: +33 (0)1 42 97 97 99 – Fax: +33 (0)1 42 97 40 60 76, avenue Marceau – 75008 Paris www.afgnv.com Tel.: +33 (0)1 56 89 20 70 www.automobileclub.org Chambre syndicale nationale des carrossiers et constructeurs de semi-remorques et conteneurs (CARCOSERCO) Fédération française du sport automobile (FFSA) 12, rue Léon-Jost – 75017 Paris 32, avenue de New-York – 75781 Paris Cedex 16 Tel.: +33 (0)1 44 29 71 14 – Fax: +33 (0)1 42 67 69 333 Tel.: +33 (0)1 44 30 24 00 – Fax: +33 (0)1 42 24 16 80 www.carcoserco.org www.ffsa.org

Chambre syndicale internationale de l’automobile et du motocycle (CSIAM) La Prévention routière 5, square de l’Avenue-du-Bois 6, avenue Hoche – 75008 Paris BP 2116 – 75771 Paris Cedex 16 Tel.: +33 (0)1 44 15 27 00 – Fax: +33 (0)1 42 27 98 03 Tel.: +33 (0)1 53 64 50 30 – Fax: +33 (0)1 40 67 95 94 www.preventionroutiere.asso.fr www.csiam-fr.org Société des ingénieurs de l’automobile (SIA) Comité d’organisation des salons internationaux de l’automobile, 79, rue Jean-Jacques-Rousseau – 92158 Suresnes Cedex du cycle, du motocycle et des sports (AMC Promotion) Tel.: +33 (0)1 41 44 93 70 – Fax: +33 (0)1 41 44 93 79 23, avenue Franklin-Roosevelt – 75008 Paris www.sia.fr Tel.: +33 (0)1 40 88 22 40 – Fax: +33 (0)1 42 56 50 80 www.amcpromotion.com

Conseil national des professions de l’automobile (CNPA) 50, rue Rouget-de-l’Isle – 92158 Suresnes Cedex Tel.: +33 (0)1 40 99 55 00 – Fax: +33 (0)1 47 28 44 15 www.cnpa.fr

80_ANALYSIS AND HIGHLIGHTS / COMITÉ DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANÇAIS D’AUTOMOBILES

CCFA_RA 2008 GB_05_Statistiques.indd 80 30/09/09 15:20:45 CONTENTS europe - france