ANALYSIS FILE - the GREATER PUEBLA Metropolization and Historical Center a Sustainable, Operational and Collective Development
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ANALYSIS FILE - THE GREATER PUEBLA METROPOLIZATION AND HISTORICAL CENTER A SUSTAINABLE, OPERATIONAL AND COLLECTIVE DEVELOPMENT visit in November 2011. Then, the team met the Government authorities, the civil society figures INTRODUCTION and many other figures. Thanks to those meetings, the main topics of the “amazement report”, that was conducive to the document released in Febru- ary 2012 to introduce the stakes of the workshop. This analysis file is part of a series of documents released by « Les On the basis of that former work, an international Ateliers » for Puebla workshop. It aims to give the participants an call for application was launched and 178 candi- overview of the territory they will work on during a two week inten- dates answered, quite an outstanding figure for sive workshop. “Les Ateliers”. Then it was necessary to make a hard selection among so many highly interesting The following analysis was made through interviews with actors candidatures. Now the new professional of the city, from the City and from Puebla Government, from the civil society, namely the selected candidates, will have to imag- unions and universities, as well through academic research and ine proposals and projects for Puebla City. through analysis in the field. Despite all our will to stay as objective The workshop, organized at mid-term of the as possible, this work may reveal a personal point of view. Thus, it three-year term of the City’s Council, should build may include mistakes, given that its authors are neither Poblanos nor a framework and suggest reflections and actions Mexicans. That’s the reason why we worked intensively and rigorous- on different time and space scales, to address the ly, during one month and a half, to collect the needed information future organization of the territory. and to write one document as complete and worthy as possible. Finally, we should keep in mind that the workshop During our research/investigation, we faced some hindrances: overall couldn’t take place without the preparation and trouble to access the information here in Puebla, trouble caused by combined efforts of Puebla city and the French the lack of coordination between the several governance strata (the Embassy in Mexico (IFAL), and with the financial Federal State, Puebla Government and the City), as well as the gap support of our partners CITELUM and the federal between planning and operational implementation. Both the work- SEDESOL, without which it would have been im- shop topic and Puebla City is complex. The stake of consistency of possible to organize the workshop. the metropolitan-scale thought stresses the necessity to implement a process that associates every governance stratum. Such necessity might be one condition so that the workshop results in concrete ac- tions. The current situation in Puebla illustrates the relationship between metropolization process and the city-center. The city is actually CREDITS growing and sprawling whereas the city-center is depopulating. Then, among other goals, the workshop aims to discuss the spatial • Thomas Casanova y Angela María Jiménez, archi- organization and the urban strategy one should implement in order tects and assistants. Research, writing of the analysis to develop the territory. Let’s keep in mind that the territory, namely file. Puebla city-center, is included a Mother-City or metropolis, itself • Anne Durand, architect and Jean-Michel Vincent, included in a 2,5 -million-inhabitant and a 38-city State. engineer, pilots One striking point in urban development process is the leading role • Antoine Plane, deputy director of Les Ateliers of the private sector. As far as housing is concerned, illustrations of • Edson Andrade, graphic design such role are on the first hand informal urbanization and on the other • Berenice Vidal, local team. Orientation in Puebla hand the huge development of the “fraccionamientos cerrados”, • Víctor Manuel Marín, local team. Lecture and correc- large condominiums that are spreading in the suburbs. Like in many tion of this analysis file Latino-American cities, private assets play a predominant role in ur- • Photos: Thomas Casanova pages 9, (image 17), 33 banization, urban development and the provision of services (what- (2), 35 (images 1 y 2), 49, 50, 51, 55, 69 (images 1, 3, ever their quality). In fact, condominiums, that create closed spaces, 4, 6, 7), 70, 71, 83 (Image 3), 93, 95, 97, 98, 103, 109, are not proper to Puebla. They are a fast-growing phenomenon in 110, 115 (Image 4), 125, 126, 127, 129, 131, 132, Mexico as well as in other countries and are the spatial consequences 135, 137, 139, 140, 141. of a search of safety in the city. As a result, the city proves to be so- • Ángela María Jiménez Avilés, pages 33, 34, 35, 37, cially and spatially fragmented. 58, 59, 62, 83 Let’s note that the subject “Metropolization and the historic city-cen- • Traslation: Thomas Casanova (French) Ángela María ter” is the result of common refection and agreement made “Les Ate- Jiménez (Spanish) Sabine Bognon, Cecile Brune, liers” and the City’s Authorities on the occasion of “Les Ateliers”’ team Caroline Brunel (English) 2 Juan Quintana Moreno, Presidente de la CITEX (Cámara de la Industria Textil Puebla Tlaxcala) Juan Caballero ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Ropero, desarrollador inmobiliario; Héctor Fernández de Lara, propietario del Hotel Boutique “El Sueño”; Leobardo Espinoza, Director General de la emisora Radio Puebla Specially acknowledgment for Eduardo Rivera Pérez, Mayor of Puebla. Pedro Prioridad; José Luis Escalera, propietario de Profética: Ocejo Tarno, Secretary for Economic Development and Tourism of Puebla Casa de Lectura; Adán Domínguez, Secretaría Técnica City and his team: Berenice Vidal Castelán and Víctor Manuel Pedro Marín de Presidencia; Alicia Tecuanhuey, Instituto de Ciencias Meléndez. Yann Thoreau la Salle, Technical Cooperation at Embassy of France Sociales y Humanidades BUAP. Hugo Arzola y Adriana in Mexico and Rajaâ Nouali projects director. Henández, Secretaría de Desarrollo Social del Municipio de Puebla; Edson Andrade y Angélica Martínez, Secreta- Other people who make possible this document: ría de Desarrollo Económico y Turismo; Gustavo Rámirez, Colectivo Laalvaca; Luis Ernesto Derbez, Rector de la Ana María Verónica Mastretta, Regidora, Presidenta de la Comisión de Ecolo- UDLAP; Marie France Desdier, Jefa de Espacios Cultura- gía y Medio ambiente; Javier Sánchez Díaz de Rivera, Secretario de Desarrollo les de la UDLAP, Alonso Pérez Fragua, Capilla de Arte de Social y Participación Ciudadana; Gerardo Vargas, Subsecretario de Desarro- la UDLAP; Emma Morales García Directora Departamento llo Urbano y Ordenamiento Territorial del Estado; Talia González, Directora de Arte, Diseño y Arquitectura de la UIA; Josefina Buxadé de Ordenamiento Territorial del Estado; María Élena Rubí, Subdirectora de Castelán, José Antonio Gali López; Mónica Osorio, Planeación; Delfino Sánchez Romero, Jefe de Regulación de Zona de Monu- Directora de Planeación de la Secretaría de Transpor- mentos y Patrimonio; Elodia Márquez, Gloria Castro y Édgar Vélez Tirado de tes de Puebla; Víctor Mata Temoltzin, Subsecretario de la Secretaría de Desarrollo Urbano y Obras Publicas; David Méndez, Regidor, Planeación y Desarrollo de la Secretaría de Transportes Presidente de la Comisión de Desarrollo Urbano y Obras Publicas; Luis Eduar- del Gobierno del Estado de Puebla; Fernando Manzanilla do Olmos, Coordinador General del IMPLAN; Mario Iglesias y García Teruel, ex Prieto, Secretario General del Gobierno del Estado de coordinador del IMPLAN; Mario Ricciardi, Secretario Particular del IMPLAN; Puebla; Teresa Márquez, Directora del Museo Nacional de Verónica Carmona; Vinculación institucional del IMPLAN; Angélica Patricia los Ferrocarriles Mexicanos; Rosa María Licea, Museo del Hidalgo, IMPLAN; María Pía Benítez de Unanue, Coordinadora académica de Ferrocarril Puebla. postgrados de arquitectura y vivienda de la UPAEP, Carlos Montero Pantoja, BUAP; Alejandro Cañedo Priesca, Director de la Oficina de Turismo; Walther Our deep acknowledgment for our partners and financial Junghanns Albers, Director de Desarrollo para una Ciudad Competitiva; sponsors: Embassy of France in Mexico, CITELUM and Rafael Barquero Díaz Barriga, Subdirector del INAH Puebla (Instituto Nacional SEDESOL de Antropología e Historia); Ignacio Acevedo Ponce de León, Presidente del Comité para el Repoblamiento del Centro Histórico; Francisco Valverde, doc- tor en urbanismo y director de investigación de la Universidad Iberoamerica- na Puebla; Benito Cabañas, Colectivo Abracadabra; Christiane Doilin , direc- ción general de CITELUM; Ricardo Larracilla, Director de Abasto y Comercio Interior del Municipio de Puebla; Martha Niño Directora de Sustentabilidad Urbana en la SEMARNAT; Miguel Martín Ramos, Jefe del Departamento de Dictámenes Técnicos, Subsecretaría de Desarrollo Urbano y Ordenamiento Territorial; Juan Ángel Martínez Rodríguez, Consultor Nacional Programa de las Naciones Unidas para los Asentamientos Humanos; Oscar Soto, profesor de la Universidad Iberoamericana Puebla; Ezequiel Aguilar y Fred Dionne, miembros del Colectivo Metropolitano; Guillermo Morales Sotomayor, Co- lectivo Tomate; Felipe Velázquez Gutiérrez, Secretario de Desarrollo Urbano y Obras Púbicas; Christian López Ballinas, Jefe de Vialidad y Transporte; Francisco Bada Sanz, Asesor del Alcalde; Francisco Vélez Pliego, Presidente del Consejo del Centro Histórico; Luis Espinosa Rueda, presidente de CANA- CINTRA (Cámara Nacional de la Industria de Transformación);