DOCSLIB.ORG

Morphological Observations and Chromosome Numbers in Trifolium L

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Morphological Observations and Chromosome Numbers in Trifolium L Cytologia 48: 671-677, 1983 Morphological Observations and Chromosome Numbers in Trifolium L. Section Chronosemium Ser. Norman L. Taylor,1 John M. Gillett2 and Nirmala Giri3 Received March 20, 1982 The clover species belonging to Trifolium L. section Chronosemium Ser. are commonlycalled the hop clovers because the heads when dry resemble the inflore scenceof the hop (Humulus lupulus L.). The species are native to Europe, western Asia, and north Africa, and have been introduced by man to other parts of the world. Ofthese, T. dubium, T. campestre, T. aureum and possibly T. micranthum have become naturalizedin North America. Most of the other species have been brought in for experimentalpurposes. Hendrych (1978) was of the opinion that the group (which he considered should be placed in the separate genus Chrysaspis Desv.) had its center of origin in an area extending from southern Italy across the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula to eastern Anatolia in Turkey, and that the species subsequently migrated to cover the present-day ranges. The section includes 16 annual and perennial species, according to Coombe (1968). Hossain (1961) listed 15 species, but his studies covered a limited area. It is evident from these papers that the taxonomic problemsin this group of clovers are far from resolved. Chromosome numbers in the genus Trifolium including section Chronosemium weresurveyed by Britten (1963). The six species of this group had base numbers of 7 and all were diploid except T. dubium Sibth., which was tetraploid (2n=28). Previously,both Wexelsen (1928) and Gadella and Kliphuis (1966) had reported the number 2n=32 for T. dubium. Pritchard (1969) added counts for T. billardieri Spreng.and T. lineare Greene (as T. stenophyllum Boiss.), which were both 2n= 16. Counts for individual species are scattered throughout the literature but have been brought together in the works of Federov (1974) and Love and Love (1974). Giri et al. (1981)found that both T. aureum Poll. and T. strepens Crantz had 16 chromo somesand confirmed the two taxa as one species, T. aureum Poll. The present study seeks to assemble chromosome data for the section and to coordinate them with certain morphological characteristics. Materials and methods Seeds were received from the sources indicated in Table 1. Voucher specimens of all species examined are retained in the Trifolium herbarium of the Department of 1 Department of Agronomy , University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546-0091, U. S. A. 2Botany Division, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Ottawa, Canada K1A OM8. 3 Department of Agronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546-0091, U. S. A. The investigation reported in this paper (No. 81-3-187) is in connection with a project of the KentuckyAgricultural Experiment Station and is published with approval of the Director. 672 Norman L. Taylor, John M. Gillett and Nirmala Giri Cytologia 48 Agronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky. Duplicate specimens are in the National Herbarium of Canada, Botany Division, National Museum of Natural Sciences, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Seeds of all species were lightly rubbed with sand paper for scarification and placed on a damp filter paper in a petri dish for germination. Plants were grown to the flowering stage in the greenhouse. Vouchers were prepared from them for identification purposes. Root tips were pretreated in .003 M 8-hydroxy-quinoline for 6 to 8 h, fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol: glacial acetic acid (3:1), stained in Feulgen's reagent, placed in 45% glacial acetic acid for 2 h, and squashed in 1% acetocarmine. Somatic chromosome numbers were counted from root tips in all species except T. campestre (S-8-22) where PMC's were also done. Chromosomes for nine species were counted by us. Morpholo gical observations were made from greenhouse plants. Table 1. Origin of Trifolium seed Results and discussion It was evident that identifications of vouchers grown did not always accord with the names of the species supplied by the seed sources. A chromosome number of 2n=16 is reported here for the first time for Trifolium boissieri Guss. ex. Boiss (Table 2). Other species for which chromosome numbers are known and which are not in Table 2, were already reported by others. These are, T. patens Schreb. and T. spadiceum L., reported by Kuzmanov and Stancev (1972), and T. velenovskyi Vandes (in addition to the previous two) reported by Kozuharov et al. (1974 and 1975). The chromosome number of some of the species reported before are con firmed by us (Table 2). A summation of all species for which chromosome numbers Table 2. Characteristics of Trifotium section Chronosemium species 1 Y=yellow; LY=light yellow; P=purple; W=white. 2 S=3mm; M=4-5mm; L=6-10mm. 3 LY=light yellow; YG=yellow green; YB=yellow brown; B=brown. 4 S<1mm; M>1mm; L>1.5mm. 5 S=sessile or subsessile central leaflet attachment; E=central leaflet with elongate petiolule. 6 A=annual; P=perennial. 7 Determined by us. * Reported for the first time. 674 Norman L. Taylor, John M. Gillett and Nirmala Giri Cytologia 48 are presently known is presented in Table 3 and a list of species for which chro mosome numbers are yet required is also given. Only recent reports are given because those earlier than 1969 can be found in Federov (1969, reprinted 1974) and Love and Love (1974). The chromosomes show some variation in size and shape. Chromosomes of T. campestre and T. boissieri are larger than those of other species and chromosomes of T. aureum are the smallest ones. Only one species of the section, T. dubium (Fig. 1), is polyploid with 2n=28 chromosomes. The report of 2n=32 for T. dubium by Wexelsen (1928) was probably based on a mis-identification and, indeed, Wexelsen actually questioned the identity of the plant in the paper. Earlier searches by Mosquin and Gillett (1965) failed to find voucher specimens to verify the identity of any of the species reported. The more recent count of 2n=32 for this speciesby Table 3. Summation of known somatic chromosome numbers of species of Trifolium section Chronosemium * The name T . grandiflorum Schreb. is here employed in lieu of the more familiar name T. speciosum Willd. (1802) according to a study by Hendrych (1976). Gadella and Kliphuis (1966) represents a case of mistaken identity (unpublished communication). We determined the chromosome number of T. dubium as 2n=28, which is in agreement with the previous report of Kliphuis (1962). Chromosomes of all species we have studied are illustrated in Fig. 1. In Table 1, some speciesare listed more than once because seeds were received by us under different names. The names employed in Table 1 are our identifications; the names under which the seed was received are given below in parenthesis. Most of the species of section Chronosemium are annuals (Hossain 1961). The exceptions are T. badium, T. rytidosemium (often considered as a subordinate taxon of T. badium), T. stipitatum and T. spadiceum. The last two species were not examined in the present study. In contrast to the tendency for polyploidy to occur in perennials and diploidy in annuals, the annual species T. dubium is a polyploid. The only other annual Trifolium species ever reported as polyploid, was T. di- 1983 Morphological Observations and Chromosome Numbers in Trifolium L . 675 Figs. IA-O. A, T. campestre (S-67-2), somatic metaphase 2n=14. •~2700. B, T. micranthum (S-15-3), somatic metaphase 2n=16. •~2100. C, T. badium (S-107-2), somatic metaphase 2n=14. •~x2100 . D, T. aureum (S-123-3), somatic metaphase 2n=16. •~2700. E, T. boissieri (S-176-1), somatic metaphase 2n=16. •~2100. F, T. micranthum (S-195-1), somatic metaphase 2n=16. •~2700. G, T. campestre (S-32-1) , somatic metaphase 2n=14, •~2100. H. T. lineare (S-82-3), somatic metaphase 2n=16.•~2100. I, T. billardieri (S-165-1), somatic metaphase 2n=16. •~2700. J , T. grandiflorum (S-90-53), somatic metaphase 2n=16. •~2100. K, T. campestre (S-131-1) , somatic metaphase 2n=14. •~2700. L, T. aureum (5-171-1), somatic meta phase 2n=16. •~2700. M, T. campestre (S-8-22), somatic metaphase 2n=14. •~2700. N, T. campestre (S-8-22) , meiotic metaphase n=7. •~2100. O, T. dubium (S-2-4), somatic metaphase 2n=28. •~2700. 676 Norman L. Taylor, John M. Gillett and Nirmala Giri Cytologia 48 chotomum Hook and Arn. for which Wexelsen (1928) gave a count of 2n=32. No vouchers have been found nor has the report been confirmed. Little relationship of chromosome number to morphology is apparent (Table 2). For example, the presence of pinnate leaves (where the terminal leaflet is stalked) or palmate leaves (where the terminal leaflet is sessile), always employed as a charac teristic to separate species, is not correlated with chromosome number and both types occur in the x=7 and x=8 series. Three species have distinctly different seed colors from the other species grown. Trifolium aureum and T. badium seeds are green along the basal margin and yellow along the terminal margin, while all other species have uniformly yellow, yellow - brown or brown seed. This characteristic, however, is unreliable for classification purposes because the color may change from yellow to brown as seeds age and as a reflection of environmental conditions. The yellow-green seeds of T. aureum and T. badium of the x=8 series are quite distinctive regardless of age. Differences in flower and seed size exist which are also little related to chro mosome number (Table 2). For example, T. micranthum, T. patens, and T. aureum have small flowers and mostly small seeds but have either x=7 or x=8 chromosomes.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Illinois Exotic Species List
    Exotic Species in Illinois Descriptions for these exotic species in Illinois will be added to the Web page as time allows for their development. A name followed by an asterisk (*) indicates that a description for that species can currently be found on the Web site. This list does not currently name all of the exotic species in the state, but it does show many of them. It will be updated regularly with additional information. Microbes viral hemorrhagic septicemia Novirhabdovirus sp. West Nile virus Flavivirus sp. Zika virus Flavivirus sp. Fungi oak wilt Ceratocystis fagacearum chestnut blight Cryphonectria parasitica Dutch elm disease Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and Ophiostoma ulmi late blight Phytophthora infestans white-nose syndrome Pseudogymnoascus destructans butternut canker Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum Plants okra Abelmoschus esculentus velvet-leaf Abutilon theophrastii Amur maple* Acer ginnala Norway maple Acer platanoides sycamore maple Acer pseudoplatanus common yarrow* Achillea millefolium Japanese chaff flower Achyranthes japonica Russian knapweed Acroptilon repens climbing fumitory Adlumia fungosa jointed goat grass Aegilops cylindrica goutweed Aegopodium podagraria horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum fool’s parsley Aethusa cynapium crested wheat grass Agropyron cristatum wheat grass Agropyron desertorum corn cockle Agrostemma githago Rhode Island bent grass Agrostis capillaris tree-of-heaven* Ailanthus altissima slender hairgrass Aira caryophyllaea Geneva bugleweed Ajuga genevensis carpet bugleweed* Ajuga reptans mimosa
    [Show full text]
  • Atlas of the Flora of New England: Fabaceae
    Angelo, R. and D.E. Boufford. 2013. Atlas of the flora of New England: Fabaceae. Phytoneuron 2013-2: 1–15 + map pages 1– 21. Published 9 January 2013. ISSN 2153 733X ATLAS OF THE FLORA OF NEW ENGLAND: FABACEAE RAY ANGELO1 and DAVID E. BOUFFORD2 Harvard University Herbaria 22 Divinity Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138-2020 [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT Dot maps are provided to depict the distribution at the county level of the taxa of Magnoliophyta: Fabaceae growing outside of cultivation in the six New England states of the northeastern United States. The maps treat 172 taxa (species, subspecies, varieties, and hybrids, but not forms) based primarily on specimens in the major herbaria of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, with most data derived from the holdings of the New England Botanical Club Herbarium (NEBC). Brief synonymy (to account for names used in standard manuals and floras for the area and on herbarium specimens), habitat, chromosome information, and common names are also provided. KEY WORDS: flora, New England, atlas, distribution, Fabaceae This article is the eleventh in a series (Angelo & Boufford 1996, 1998, 2000, 2007, 2010, 2011a, 2011b, 2012a, 2012b, 2012c) that presents the distributions of the vascular flora of New England in the form of dot distribution maps at the county level (Figure 1). Seven more articles are planned. The atlas is posted on the internet at http://neatlas.org, where it will be updated as new information becomes available. This project encompasses all vascular plants (lycophytes, pteridophytes and spermatophytes) at the rank of species, subspecies, and variety growing independent of cultivation in the six New England states.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 2: Plant Lists
    Appendix 2: Plant Lists Master List and Section Lists Mahlon Dickerson Reservation Botanical Survey and Stewardship Assessment Wild Ridge Plants, LLC 2015 2015 MASTER PLANT LIST MAHLON DICKERSON RESERVATION SCIENTIFIC NAME NATIVENESS S-RANK CC PLANT HABIT # OF SECTIONS Acalypha rhomboidea Native 1 Forb 9 Acer palmatum Invasive 0 Tree 1 Acer pensylvanicum Native 7 Tree 2 Acer platanoides Invasive 0 Tree 4 Acer rubrum Native 3 Tree 27 Acer saccharum Native 5 Tree 24 Achillea millefolium Native 0 Forb 18 Acorus calamus Alien 0 Forb 1 Actaea pachypoda Native 5 Forb 10 Adiantum pedatum Native 7 Fern 7 Ageratina altissima v. altissima Native 3 Forb 23 Agrimonia gryposepala Native 4 Forb 4 Agrostis canina Alien 0 Graminoid 2 Agrostis gigantea Alien 0 Graminoid 8 Agrostis hyemalis Native 2 Graminoid 3 Agrostis perennans Native 5 Graminoid 18 Agrostis stolonifera Invasive 0 Graminoid 3 Ailanthus altissima Invasive 0 Tree 8 Ajuga reptans Invasive 0 Forb 3 Alisma subcordatum Native 3 Forb 3 Alliaria petiolata Invasive 0 Forb 17 Allium tricoccum Native 8 Forb 3 Allium vineale Alien 0 Forb 2 Alnus incana ssp rugosa Native 6 Shrub 5 Alnus serrulata Native 4 Shrub 3 Ambrosia artemisiifolia Native 0 Forb 14 Amelanchier arborea Native 7 Tree 26 Amphicarpaea bracteata Native 4 Vine, herbaceous 18 2015 MASTER PLANT LIST MAHLON DICKERSON RESERVATION SCIENTIFIC NAME NATIVENESS S-RANK CC PLANT HABIT # OF SECTIONS Anagallis arvensis Alien 0 Forb 4 Anaphalis margaritacea Native 2 Forb 3 Andropogon gerardii Native 4 Graminoid 1 Andropogon virginicus Native 2 Graminoid 1 Anemone americana Native 9 Forb 6 Anemone quinquefolia Native 7 Forb 13 Anemone virginiana Native 4 Forb 5 Antennaria neglecta Native 2 Forb 2 Antennaria neodioica ssp.
    [Show full text]
  • Persicaria Nepalensis (Polygonaceae), a New Potentially Invasive Anthropophyte in the Polish Flora
    Polish Botanical Journal 59(2): 255–261, 2014 DOI: 10.2478/pbj-2014-0031 PERSICARIA NEPALENSIS (POLYGONACEAE), A NEW POTENTIALLY INVASIVE ANTHROPOPHYTE IN THE POLISH FLORA Tomasz Kowalczyk1, Artur Pliszko & Szymon M. Drobniak Abstract. Persicaria nepalensis (L.) Mill. is an annual herb occurring natively in South, East and Southeast Asia, having a range extending from Oceania to East Africa. Here we report the first Polish stand of this species, found in 2011 near Baligród (Western Bieszczady Mountains), followed by the discovery of two more stands in the surrounding area up to 2013. The floristic composition of vegetation impacted by P. nepalensis is presented, and the invasive potential and pathways of introduction of the species are briefly discussed. Key words: alien species, Bieszczady Mts, Carpathians, distribution, Persicaria nepalensis, Poland Tomasz Kowalczyk & Artur Pliszko, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, M. Kopernika 27, Kraków 31-501, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] Szymon M. Drobniak, Institute of Environmental Science, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Kraków 30-387, Poland, and Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland Introduction Persicaria (L.) Mill. (Polygonaceae) is one of the Materials and methods species-richest genera in the alien flora of Europe, especially in the southern part of the continent Persicaria nepalensis was discovered during floristic sur- veys done in 2011–2013 in the Pogórze Leskie foothills (Lambdon et al. 2008). Some of its species are dis- and in the northern part of the Western Bieszczady Mts tant intercontinental introductions, such as P. pen- (Eastern Carpathians). The researched area is bounded sylvanica (L.) M.
    [Show full text]
  • 2.4 FORAGE LEGUMES MILLETS and TIMOTHY.Pdf
    2.4 FORAGE LEGUMES, MILLETS AND TIMOTHY** Alfalfa, clovers, sweet clover, crown vetch, kidney vetch, cicer milkvetch, birds-foot’s trefoil, black medick, timothy, millets (Grade Tables VIII to X) ** Note: MIXTURES Forage mixtures, lawn mixtures, and ground cover mixtures (Grade Tables XIII to XV), prerequisite accreditation for forage legumes, millets and timothy and grasses English Common Picture Grade Y/N Botanical Name Full Botanical Name & References Tables Name French Common Name Family y Anthyllis vulneraria Anthyllis vulneraria L. VIII Vetch, kidney Anthyllide vulnéaire Fabaceae y Astragalus cicer Astragalus cicer L. VIII Milk-vetch, cicer Astragale pois chiche Fabaceae Echinochloa frumentacea Link or E. esculenta (A. Brown) H. Scholz. (=E. crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. var. frumentacae y Echinochloa frumentacea (Link) E. G. Camus & A. Camus) VIII Millet, Japanese Millet japonais Poaceae Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino (=Lespedeza y Kummerowia stipulacea stipulacea Maxim.) VIII Lespedeza. Korean Lespédeza, de Corée Fabaceae Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl. (=Lespedeza Lespedeza, common or y Kummerowia striata striata (Thunb.) Hook. & Arn.) VIII Kobe Lespédeza, commun ou kobe Fabaceae Lespedeza, sericea or Lespédeza, sericea ou de y Lespedeza cuneata Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours.) G. Don VIII Chinese Chine Fabaceae y Lotus corniculatus Lotus corniculatus L. X Trefoil, bird's foot Lotier corniculé Fabaceae y Medicago lupulina Medicago lupulina L. IX Medick, black Lupuline Fabaceae y Medicago sativa Medicago sativa L. VIII Alfalfa Luzerne Fabaceae Clover sweet - white Mélilot ou trèfle d'odeur - y Melilotus albus Melilotus albus Medik. VIII blossom fleurs blanches Fabaceae Clover sweet - yellow Mélilot ou trèfle d'odeur - y Melilotus officinalis Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.
    [Show full text]
  • And Flora of the Matthaei Botanical Gardens and Nichols Arboretum
    THE NATURAL COMMUNITIES AND FLORA OF THE MAttHAEI BOTANICAL GARDENS AND NICHOLS ARBORETUM BEVERLY WALTERS : MARY HEJNA : CONNIE CRANCER : JEFF PLAKKE 2011-2012 Caring for Nature, Enriching Life mbgna.umich.edu ACKNOWLEDgements This report is the product of a project entitled Assessing Globally-Ranked At-Risk Native Plant Communities: A General Conservation Survey of High Quality Natural Areas of the University of Michigan Matthaei Botanical Gardens and Nichols Arboretum, which was funded by the Institute of Museum and Library Services. Principal Investigator: Bob Grese, Director, Matthaei-Nichols. Lead Author: David Michener, Curator, Matthaei-Nichols. Editor and Project Manager: Jeff Plakke, Natural Areas Manager, Matthaei-Nichols. IMLS Sponsored Botanist: Beverly Walters, Research Museum Collection Manager (Vascular Plants), University of Michigan Herbarium. Assisting Botanist: Connie Crancer, Native Plant Specialist, Matthaei-Nichols. IMLS Sponsored GIS Technician: Mary Hejna Natural Areas Advisory Committee: Burt Barnes, Professor Emeritus, University of Michigan Dave Borneman, City of Ann Arbor Natural Areas Preservation Manager Aunita Erskine, Volunteer Steward Drew Lathin, Huron Arbor Cluster Coordinator for The Stewardship Network Kris Olson, Watershed Ecologist, Huron River Watershed Council Anton Reznicek, Assistant Director and Curator, University of Michigan Herbarium Shawn Severance, Washtenaw County Natural Areas Naturalist Sylvia Taylor, Faculty Emeritus, University of Michigan Scott Tyrell, Southeast Michigan Land Conservancy Volunteer Dana Wright, Land Stewardship Coordinator, Legacy Land Conservancy Many thanks also to Paul Berry for releasing Bev from duties at the University of Michigan Herbarium so that she could conduct the surveys, to Tony Reznicek for assistance with plant identification, and to Aunita Erskine for assistance in the field. Photographs on cover page and page 94 taken by MBGNA Staff.
    [Show full text]
  • New Jersey Strategic Management Plan for Invasive Species
    New Jersey Strategic Management Plan for Invasive Species The Recommendations of the New Jersey Invasive Species Council to Governor Jon S. Corzine Pursuant to New Jersey Executive Order #97 Vision Statement: “To reduce the impacts of invasive species on New Jersey’s biodiversity, natural resources, agricultural resources and human health through prevention, control and restoration, and to prevent new invasive species from becoming established.” Prepared by Michael Van Clef, Ph.D. Ecological Solutions LLC 9 Warren Lane Great Meadows, New Jersey 07838 908-637-8003 908-528-6674 [email protected] The first draft of this plan was produced by the author, under contract with the New Jersey Invasive Species Council, in February 2007. Two subsequent drafts were prepared by the author based on direction provided by the Council. The final plan was approved by the Council in August 2009 following revisions by staff of the Department of Environmental Protection. Cover Photos: Top row left: Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar); Photo by NJ Department of Agriculture Top row center: Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora); Photo by Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org Top row right: Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica); Photo by Troy Evans, Eastern Kentucky University, Bugwood.org Middle row left: Mile-a-Minute (Polygonum perfoliatum); Photo by Jil M. Swearingen, USDI, National Park Service, Bugwood.org Middle row center: Canadian Thistle (Cirsium arvense); Photo by Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org Middle row right: Asian
    [Show full text]
  • Waterton Lakes National Park • Common Name(Order Family Genus Species)
    Waterton Lakes National Park Flora • Common Name(Order Family Genus species) Monocotyledons • Arrow-grass, Marsh (Najadales Juncaginaceae Triglochin palustris) • Arrow-grass, Seaside (Najadales Juncaginaceae Triglochin maritima) • Arrowhead, Northern (Alismatales Alismataceae Sagittaria cuneata) • Asphodel, Sticky False (Liliales Liliaceae Triantha glutinosa) • Barley, Foxtail (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Hordeum jubatum) • Bear-grass (Liliales Liliaceae Xerophyllum tenax) • Bentgrass, Alpine (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Podagrostis humilis) • Bentgrass, Creeping (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Agrostis stolonifera) • Bentgrass, Green (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Calamagrostis stricta) • Bentgrass, Spike (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Agrostis exarata) • Bluegrass, Alpine (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Poa alpina) • Bluegrass, Annual (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Poa annua) • Bluegrass, Arctic (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Poa arctica) • Bluegrass, Plains (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Poa arida) • Bluegrass, Bulbous (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Poa bulbosa) • Bluegrass, Canada (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Poa compressa) • Bluegrass, Cusick's (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Poa cusickii) • Bluegrass, Fendler's (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Poa fendleriana) • Bluegrass, Glaucous (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Poa glauca) • Bluegrass, Inland (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Poa interior) • Bluegrass, Fowl (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Poa palustris) • Bluegrass, Patterson's (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Poa pattersonii) • Bluegrass, Kentucky (Poales Poaceae/Gramineae Poa pratensis) • Bluegrass, Sandberg's (Poales
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Checklist of the Missouri Flora for Floristic Quality Assessment
    Ladd, D. and J.R. Thomas. 2015. Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora for Floristic Quality Assessment. Phytoneuron 2015-12: 1–274. Published 12 February 2015. ISSN 2153 733X ECOLOGICAL CHECKLIST OF THE MISSOURI FLORA FOR FLORISTIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT DOUGLAS LADD The Nature Conservancy 2800 S. Brentwood Blvd. St. Louis, Missouri 63144 [email protected] JUSTIN R. THOMAS Institute of Botanical Training, LLC 111 County Road 3260 Salem, Missouri 65560 [email protected] ABSTRACT An annotated checklist of the 2,961 vascular taxa comprising the flora of Missouri is presented, with conservatism rankings for Floristic Quality Assessment. The list also provides standardized acronyms for each taxon and information on nativity, physiognomy, and wetness ratings. Annotated comments for selected taxa provide taxonomic, floristic, and ecological information, particularly for taxa not recognized in recent treatments of the Missouri flora. Synonymy crosswalks are provided for three references commonly used in Missouri. A discussion of the concept and application of Floristic Quality Assessment is presented. To accurately reflect ecological and taxonomic relationships, new combinations are validated for two distinct taxa, Dichanthelium ashei and D. werneri , and problems in application of infraspecific taxon names within Quercus shumardii are clarified. CONTENTS Introduction Species conservatism and floristic quality Application of Floristic Quality Assessment Checklist: Rationale and methods Nomenclature and taxonomic concepts Synonymy Acronyms Physiognomy, nativity, and wetness Summary of the Missouri flora Conclusion Annotated comments for checklist taxa Acknowledgements Literature Cited Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora Table 1. C values, physiognomy, and common names Table 2. Synonymy crosswalk Table 3. Wetness ratings and plant families INTRODUCTION This list was developed as part of a revised and expanded system for Floristic Quality Assessment (FQA) in Missouri.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plant Inventory and Plant Community Classification for Mammoth Cave National Park
    VASCULAR PLANT INVENTORY AND PLANT COMMUNITY CLASSIFICATION FOR MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARK Report for the Vertebrate and Vascular Plant Inventories: Appalachian Highlands and Cumberland/Piedmont Network Prepared by NatureServe for the National Park Service Southeast Regional Office February 2010 NatureServe is a non-profit organization providing the scientific basis for effective conservation action. A NatureServe Technical Report Prepared for the National Park Service under Cooperative Agreement H 5028 01 0435. Citation: Milo Pyne, Erin Lunsford Jones, and Rickie White. 2010. Vascular Plant Inventory and Plant Community Classification for Mammoth Cave National Park. Durham, North Carolina: NatureServe. © 2010 NatureServe NatureServe Southern U. S. Regional Office 6114 Fayetteville Road, Suite 109 Durham, NC 27713 919-484-7857 International Headquarters 1101 Wilson Boulevard, 15th Floor Arlington, Virginia 22209 www.natureserve.org National Park Service Southeast Regional Office Atlanta Federal Center 1924 Building 100 Alabama Street, S.W. Atlanta, GA 30303 The view and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the U.S. Government. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the U.S. Government. This report consists of the main report along with a series of appendices with information about the plants and plant communities found at the site. Electronic files have been provided to the National Park Service in addition to hard copies. Current information on all communities described here can be found on NatureServe Explorer at http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/ Cover photo: Mature Interior Low Plateau mesophytic forest above the Green River, Mammoth Cave National Park - Photo by Milo Pyne ii Acknowledgments This report was compiled thanks to a team including staff from the National Park Service and NatureServe.
    [Show full text]
  • Plum Island Biodiversity Inventory
    Plum Island Biodiversity Inventory New York Natural Heritage Program Plum Island Biodiversity Inventory Established in 1985, the New York Natural Heritage NY Natural Heritage also houses iMapInvasives, an Program (NYNHP) is a program of the State University of online tool for invasive species reporting and data New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry management. (SUNY ESF). Our mission is to facilitate conservation of NY Natural Heritage has developed two notable rare animals, rare plants, and significant ecosystems. We online resources: Conservation Guides include the accomplish this mission by combining thorough field biology, identification, habitat, and management of many inventories, scientific analyses, expert interpretation, and the of New York’s rare species and natural community most comprehensive database on New York's distinctive types; and NY Nature Explorer lists species and biodiversity to deliver the highest quality information for communities in a specified area of interest. natural resource planning, protection, and management. The program is an active participant in the The Program is funded by grants and contracts from NatureServe Network – an international network of government agencies whose missions involve natural biodiversity data centers overseen by a Washington D.C. resource management, private organizations involved in based non-profit organization. There are currently land protection and stewardship, and both government and Natural Heritage Programs or Conservation Data private organizations interested in advancing the Centers in all 50 states and several interstate regions. conservation of biodiversity. There are also 10 programs in Canada, and many NY Natural Heritage is housed within NYS DEC’s participating organizations across 12 Latin and South Division of Fish, Wildlife & Marine Resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Alsike Clover Trifolium Hybridum L
    alsike clover Trifolium hybridum L. Synonyms: Trifolium elegans Savi, T. hybridum ssp. elegans (Savi) Aschers. & Graebn., T. hybridum var. elegans (Savi) Boiss., T. hybridum var. pratense Rabenh. Other common names: none Family: Fabaceae Invasiveness Rank: 57 The invasiveness rank is calculated based on a species’ ecological impacts, biological attributes, distribution, and response to control measures. The ranks are scaled from 0 to 100, with 0 representing a plant that poses no threat to native ecosystems and 100 representing a plant that poses a major threat to native ecosystems. Description red clover (T. pratense), white clover (T. repens), and Alsike clover is a perennial forb that grows up to ½ m whitetip clover (T. variegatum). Unlike alsike clover, tall with decumbent to erect, vertically-ridged stems that golden clover, field clover, and suckling clover have do not root at the nodes. Plants are glabrous. Leaves are yellow flowers. White clover can be distinguished from palmately trifoliate with long petioles on the lower alsike clover by its primarily white flowers and creeping leaves and reduced petioles on the upper leaves. Leaflets stems that root at the nodes. Red clover can be are obovate to elliptic with oblong, narrow-tipped distinguished from alsike clover by the presence of stipules. Flower stalks are longer than the adjacent primarily red flowers, hairs on the stems, foliage, and leaves. Flower heads are borne in leaf axils and at the calyxes, and sessile flower heads that are subtended by ends of stems. They are composed of 10 to 50 pink, red, pairs of leaves. Lupine clover can be distinguished from or white flowers (Hultén 1968, Welsh 1974, eFloras alsike clover by the presence of five leaflets per leaf and 2008).
    [Show full text]