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United States Patent Office Patented Mar 2,879,215 United States Patent Office Patented Mar. 24, 1959 1 temperatures it is necessary in general, by reason of the 2,879,215 position of the freezing point of the hydrocarbons, to add diluents which are inert to the reactants, as for exam PRODUCTION OF CYCLOALEPHATIC KETOXIMES ple carbon tetrachloride, chloroform or benzene. The AND THER HYDROCHLORDES addition of diluents may also be advantageous, however, Walter Reppe, Hans-Joachim Ried, and Otto von Schickh, at room temperature in order to facilitate the separation Ludwigshafen (Rhine), Germany, assignors to Badische and removal of the oxime hydrochlorides. - Anilin- & Soda-Fabrik Aktiengesellschaft, Ltdwigs The free oxime may be recovered in known manner hafen (Rhine), Germany from the separated oxime hydrochlorides. For this pur No Drawing. Application August 6, 1956 O pose the oxime hydrochloride is dissolved for example in a little water and neutralized with substances having Serial No. 602,445 an alkaline reaction, such as caustic soda or potash solu 8 Claims. (C. 204-158) tions, alkali carbonates or ammonia. The free oximes in general separate immediately in crystallized form when This invention relates to an improved process for the 5 working carefully. production of cycloaliphatic ketoximes and their hydro Suitable cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons for the process chlorides. are for example cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, It is known that from the reaction products of nitrosyl cyclooctane and their alkyl derivatives. chloride with cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons in light, the AS active light there may be used the emissions of corresponding ketoximes can be recovered. The yields, 20 mercury vapor or other metal vapor lamps, electric arcs, however, are very unsatisfactory; it is only by main fluorescent tubes, incandescent bulbs and also sunlight. taining very low reaction temperatures lying below The following examples will further illustrate this in -25 C. that it is possible to increase somewhat the vention but the invention is not restricted to these yield of ketoximes; at higher temperatures increasing examples. amounts of chloro compounds and other undesired prod 25 Example 1 ucts being formed. We have now found that better yields of ketoximes : In a cylindrical stirring vessel 21 centimetres long are obtained by carrying out the reaction of nitrosyl chlo and of 9.5 centimetres internal width, which is provided ride with cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons in light with the at the bottom with a drain cock, there is arranged a cool addition of hydrogen chloride or/and nitric oxide. 30 ing vessel of quartz or glass which is open at the top The process may be carried out in different ways. and provided with an inlet and outlet, and in this is intro For example nitrosyl chloride and hydrogen chloride may duced a mercury immersion lamp. 1 litre of cyclohexane first be dissolved in the hydrocarbon, if necessary under is charged into the reaction chamber, it is saturated at pressure, and the resulting solution irradiated; it begins room temperature with hydrogen chloride and 5.3 grams to cloud a short time after the commencement of the 35 of nitrosyl chloride are dissolved therein. This mix action of light and soon after that the oxime hydrochlo ture is then irradiated for 3 hours while stirring and ride separates in oily or crystalline form. It is also cooling to about --15 C. Soon after the commence possible, however, after saturating the hydrocarbon with ment of the irradiation, cyclohexanone oxime hydrochlo hydrogen chloride, to supply the nitrosyl chloride dur ride begins to separate, first as a viscous oil and then ing irradiation, or even to lead in both the hydrogen 40 in colorless crystals. After 3 hours' irradiation the de chloride and nitrosyl chloride during irradiation. This posited oil is separated off and washed with a little water. method of working is especially recommended when the Oil and washing water are united and the aqueous solu oxime hydrochloride is continuously separated at the tion neutralized with caustic soda solution. The de rate at which it is formed and the hydrocarbon is led in posited crystals are filtered off by suction and washed circulation. It is not necessary, however, that all the 45 with a little water. After drying, 5.6 grams of cyclo nitrosyl chloride present should have been reacted prior hexanone oxime (=6.1 percent of the theoretical yield to the filtration. with reference to nitrosyl chloride used) of the melting The amount of hydrogen chloride added may vary point 89 C. are obtained. By extraction with ether of within wide limits. With the relatively small solubility the aqueous mother liquor, further amounts of oxime are of gaseous hydrogen chloride in cycloaliphatic hydro 50 obtained. a carbons it is simplest to work near the saturation limit, Example 2 but much smaller amounts, as for example 1 gram per 15 grams of nitrosyl chloride and 6 grams of hydro litre, have the effect of promoting the reaction. gen chloride are dissolved in 1 litre of cyclo-octane and ... The yield of oxime hydrochlorides can also be in irradiated for 3 hours as in Example 1. During the re creased by carrying out the reaction of nitrosyl chloride action, a viscous oil separates out and is run off from with the hydrocarbons in light with an addition of nitric time to time. The collected oil is dissolved in a little oxide, the nitric oxide, which is known to have a bad Water and carefully neutralized with caustic soda solu solubility in hydrocarbons, being preferably pumped tion while stirring and cooling. The precipitated crystals through the reaction solution. In this case also, hydrogen are filtered off by suction and, after washing and dry. chloride may be added. 60 ing, 27 grams of cyclo-octanone oxime of the melting The reaction of nitrosyl chloride with the cycloali point 42 C. are obtained. The yield corresponds to 84 phatic hydrocarbons in light gives satisfactory yields in percent of the theoretical yield, with reference to nitrosyl the presence of hydrogen chloride or/and nitric oxide chloride used. at room temperature and even at temperatures up to Example 3 about 40° C. By lowering the reaction temperature, the yields may be further increased so that it may be The apparatus described in Example 1 is provided with advantageous to carry out the process at such low tem a gas circulation pump which withdraws gas from the peratures as can be reached technically without too great gas Space and forces it back again through the stirrer in expenditure, for example at -15° C. The addition of fine dispersion through the reaction liquid in circulation. hydrogen chloride and/or nitric oxide also has a favor 70 1 litre of cyclohexane is then charged into the vessel, able effect, however, at yet lower temperatures, as for rinsing with nitrogen is carried out for a short time, then example between about -30 and -50 C. At low with nitric oxide and the apparatus is placed under the 2,879,215 3 4. nitric oxide pressure of a small gasometer, 6 grams of with the addition of at least one member of the class nitrosyl chloride are then dissolved in the cyclohexane and conssting of hydrogen chloride and nitric oxide in an the whole irradiated for 3. hours with a mercury im amount from about 1 gram per liter to the point where the mersion lamp, the nitric oxide being pumped in circula cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons are saturated with the sub tion at the same time. The product is worked up as in stance added. Example 1 and 5.4 grams of cyclohexanone oxime 2. An improved process for the production of cyclo (=52 percent of the theoretical yield) are obtained. aliphatic ketoximes which comprises irradiating with ... If hydrogen chloride sufficient to saturate the reaction actinic light at from about -50 C. up to about --40 C. mixture is added at the same time, 6.5 grams of cyclo a mixture containing an excess of a cycloaliphatic hydro hexanone oxime (=63 percent of the theoretical yield) O carbon of at least 5 ring carbon atoms, nitrosyl chloride are obtained. and at least one member of the class consisting of Example 4 hydrogen chloride and nitric oxide in an amount from about 1 gram per liter to the point where the cyclo The vessel described in Example 1 is charged with aliphatic hydrocarbons are saturated with the substance cyclopentane, the latter saturated at room temperature 5 added separating the ketoxime hydrochlorides formed with hydrogen chloride and then 6.5 grams of nitrosyl and neutralizing them. chloride are added thereto. This mixture is irradiated 3. An improved process for the production of cyclo for 3 hours while stirring and cooling to 15 C. The , , hexanone oxime which comprises irradiating with actinic cyclopentanone oxime hydrochloride formed gradually light at about -15 C. a solution of nitrosyl chloride settles out as a viscous oil. This is separated and dis 20 in excess cyclohexane saturated with hydrogen chloride, solved in water. By neutralization of the aqueous solu separating the ketoxime hydrochloride formed and neu tion with ammonia and extraction with ether, 6.5 grams tralizing it by means of caustic soda solution. of cyclopentanone oxime are obtained, corresponding to 4. An improved process for the production of cyclo 65 percent of the theoretical yield with respect to the octane oxime which comprises irradiating with actinic nitrosyl chloride used. light at about --15. C. a solution of nitrosyl chloride Example 5 and hydrogen chloride in excess cyclooctane in an amount 1,000 grams of decahydronaphthalene are saturated of about 1. gram per liter to the point where cyclooctane with hydrogen chloride. 7.2 grams of nitrosyl chloride is saturated with the hydrogen chloride, separating the are added and the mixture irradiated for 3 hours in the ketoxime hydrochloride formed and neutralizing, it by way described in Example 1.
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