Thursday, August 23, 12 Thursday, August 23, 12 Thursday, August 23, 12 Thursday, August 23, 12 Thursday, August 23, 12 The Opportunity
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 3
Thursday, August 23, 12 The Opportunity
TB Mobile Storage
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 3
Thursday, August 23, 12 The Opportunity
TB PB Fast Mobile Enterprise Storage Storage
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 3
Thursday, August 23, 12 NVM Bitcell
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 4
Thursday, August 23, 12 Design & Architecture
NVM Bitcell
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 4
Thursday, August 23, 12 _ + NVM Interface
Design & Architecture
NVM Bitcell
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 4
Thursday, August 23, 12 V NVM Handling
_ + NVM Interface
Design & Architecture
NVM Bitcell
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 4
Thursday, August 23, 12 _ + Storage Interface
V NVM Handling
_ + NVM Interface
Design & Architecture
NVM Bitcell
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 4
Thursday, August 23, 12 Virtualization …
_ + Storage Interface
V NVM Handling
_ + NVM Interface
Design & Architecture
NVM Bitcell
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 4
Thursday, August 23, 12 Virtualization …
_ + Storage Interface
V NVM Handling
_ + NVM Interface
Design & Architecture
NVM Bitcell
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 4
Thursday, August 23, 12 Storage Interface
NVM Handling
NVM Interface
Design & Architecture
NVM Bitcell
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 5
Thursday, August 23, 12 Memory Bitcell ) 2 Log cell size (F size cell Log
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Time Santa Clara, CA 6
Thursday, August 23, 12 Memory Bitcell
SRAM
2
) 100F 2 Log cell size (F size cell Log
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Time Santa Clara, CA 6
Thursday, August 23, 12 Memory Bitcell
SRAM
2
) 100F 2
DRAM 6F2 Log cell size (F size cell Log
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Time Santa Clara, CA 6
Thursday, August 23, 12 Memory Bitcell
SRAM
2
) 100F 2
DRAM 6F2
NAND Log cell size (F size cell Log 1F2
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Time Santa Clara, CA 6
Thursday, August 23, 12 Memory Bitcell
SRAM
2
) 100F 2
DRAM 6F2
NAND Log cell size (F size cell Log 1F2
Emerging Memory Data Storage
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Time Santa Clara, CA 6
Thursday, August 23, 12 Memory Bitcell: System ) 2
DRAM
NAND Log cell size (F size cell Log
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Time Santa Clara, CA 7
Thursday, August 23, 12 Memory Bitcell: System
SRAM DRAM System: Refresh
NAND
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 7
Thursday, August 23, 12 Memory Bitcell: System
SRAM DRAM System: Refresh
NOR NAND System: ECC
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 7
Thursday, August 23, 12 NAND Bitcell vs. Requirements
Enterprise Storage Consumer SSD
Mobile Storage
Consumer
Performance and Reliability and Performance Electronics
Time
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 8
Thursday, August 23, 12 NAND Bitcell vs. Requirements
Enterprise Storage Consumer SSD
Mobile Storage
Consumer
Performance and Reliability and Performance Electronics
Time
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 8
Thursday, August 23, 12 NAND Bitcell vs. Requirements
Enterprise Storage Consumer SSD
Mobile Storage
Consumer
Performance and Reliability and Performance Electronics
Time
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 8
Thursday, August 23, 12 NAND Bitcell vs. Requirements
Enterprise Storage Consumer SSD
Mobile Storage
Consumer
Performance and Reliability and Performance Electronics
Time
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 8
Thursday, August 23, 12 NAND Bitcell vs. Requirements
Enterprise Storage Consumer SSD
Mobile Storage
Consumer
Performance and Reliability and Performance Electronics
Time
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 8
Thursday, August 23, 12 NAND Bitcell vs. Requirements
NAND bitcell trend Enterprise Storage Consumer Performance SSD Gap Mobile Storage
Consumer
Performance and Reliability and Performance Electronics
Time
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 8
Thursday, August 23, 12 NAND Bitcell vs. Requirements
NAND bitcell trend Enterprise
Storage V Consumer SSD
Mobile System Storage
Consumer
Performance and Reliability and Performance Electronics
Time
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 8
Thursday, August 23, 12 NAND Bitcell vs. Requirements
NAND bitcell trend Enterprise Storage
Consumer V SSD System Mobile Storage
Consumer
Performance and Reliability and Performance Electronics
Time
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 8
Thursday, August 23, 12 Key Criteria for Emerging Memory
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 9
Thursday, August 23, 12 Key Criteria for Emerging Memory
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 9
Thursday, August 23, 12 Key Criteria for Emerging Memory
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 9
Thursday, August 23, 12 Contenders
Main Memory Data Storage Memristor
DRAM PCRAM NAND
STT-RAM RRAM
6F2 CB-RAM 1F2 Fast Slow
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 10
Thursday, August 23, 12 Contenders
Main Memory Data Storage Memristor
DRAM PCRAM NAND
STT-RAM RRAM
6F2 CB-RAM 1F2 Fast Slow
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 10
Thursday, August 23, 12 Contenders
Main Memory Data Storage
DRAM PCRAM NAND
STT-RAM RRAM
6F2 1F2 Fast Slow
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 10
Thursday, August 23, 12 Contenders
STT-RAM PCRAM RRAM NAND
Memory Cell 30F2 → 6F2 10F2 → 5F2 20F2 → 0.25F2 4.5F2 → 1F2 (F2) 1T-1R 1T-1R Cell type 1T-1R 1D-1R 1T-FG 1D-1R 1R Write Speed 10’s ns 1’s ns 10’s ns 10,000 ns (Bit level) ~ 100’s ns
Embedded Code storage Data storage Application Data storage Main memory NV cache NV cache Embedded
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 11
Thursday, August 23, 12 Contenders
STT-RAM PCRAM RRAM NAND
Memory Cell 30F2 → 6F2 10F2 → 5F2 20F2 → 0.25F2 4.5F2 → 1F2 (F2) 1T-1R 1T-1R Cell type 1T-1R 1D-1R 1T-FG 1D-1R 1R Write Speed 10’s ns 1’s ns 10’s ns 10,000 ns (Bit level) ~ 100’s ns
Embedded Code storage Data storage Application Data storage Main memory NV cache NV cache Embedded
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 11
Thursday, August 23, 12 Contenders
STT-RAM PCRAM RRAM NAND
Memory Cell 30F2 → 6F2 10F2 → 5F2 20F2 → 0.25F2 4.5F2 → 1F2 (F2) 1T-1R 1T-1R Cell type 1T-1R 1D-1R 1T-FG 1D-1R 1R Write Speed 10’s ns 1’s ns 10’s ns 10,000 ns (Bit level) ~ 100’s ns
Embedded Code storage Data storage Application Data storage Main memory NV cache NV cache Embedded
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 11
Thursday, August 23, 12 Bitcell Selection
1T-1R 1D-1R 1R
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 12
Thursday, August 23, 12 Bitcell Selection
1T-1R 1D-1R 1R
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 12
Thursday, August 23, 12 Bitcell Selection
1T-1R 1D-1R 1R
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 12
Thursday, August 23, 12 Cross-Point Arrays
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 13
Thursday, August 23, 12 Cross-Point Arrays
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 13
Thursday, August 23, 12 Storage Interface
V NVM Handling
NVM Interface
Design & Architecture
NVM Bitcell
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 14
Thursday, August 23, 12 NVM Handling: $1B+
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA Trademarks are the property of their respective companies or owners. 15
Thursday, August 23, 12 NVM Handling: $1B+
$350M
$400M $250M
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA Trademarks are the property of their respective companies or owners. 15
Thursday, August 23, 12 NVM Handling: $1B+
$350M
$400M $250M
§ NVM handling makes failing NAND bitcells usable § Requires deep knowledge of bitcell & architecture
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA Trademarks are the property of their respective companies or owners. 15
Thursday, August 23, 12 Memory Array Architecture
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 16
Thursday, August 23, 12 Memory Array Architecture
NAND: Few massive arrays built from erase blocks
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 16
Thursday, August 23, 12 Memory Array Architecture
NAND: Few massive arrays RRAM: Numerous built from erase blocks memory tiles
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 16
Thursday, August 23, 12 Memory Array Efficiency
1Tb 1R 3D-RRAM (projected) 256Gb PBiCS 3D-NAND (projected)
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 17
Thursday, August 23, 12 Memory Array Efficiency
1Tb 1R 3D-RRAM (projected) 256Gb PBiCS 3D-NAND (projected)
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 17
Thursday, August 23, 12 NVM Handling: Examples
Block → Tile 2D → 3D Bit Management Interference
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 18
Thursday, August 23, 12 NVM Handling: Examples
Block → Tile 2D → 3D Bit Management Interference
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 18
Thursday, August 23, 12 NVM Handling: Examples
Block → Tile 2D → 3D Bit Management Interference
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 18
Thursday, August 23, 12 NVM Handling: System
SRAM DRAM System: Refresh
NOR NAND System: ECC
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 19
Thursday, August 23, 12 NVM Handling: System
SRAM DRAM System: Refresh
NOR NAND System: ECC
NAND RRAM
System: Adapt to RRAM bitcell and architectures
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 19
Thursday, August 23, 12 _ + Storage Interface
NVM Handling
_ + NVM Interface
Design & Architecture
NVM Bitcell
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 20
Thursday, August 23, 12 Interfaces in a Storage System
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 21
Thursday, August 23, 12 Interfaces in a Storage System
NVM I/F
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 21
Thursday, August 23, 12 Interfaces in a Storage System
NV Cache I/F
NVM I/F
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 21
Thursday, August 23, 12 Interfaces in a Storage System
Storage I/F
NV Cache I/F
NVM I/F
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 21
Thursday, August 23, 12 Driving the NVM Interface speed
I/F Bitcell switching Array speed parallelism
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 22
Thursday, August 23, 12 NVM Interface
23
Thursday, August 23, 12 NV Cache Interface
Controller NV Cache Chip
PLL/DLL
CK DQ0 DQ1
Ser Ser
Deser Deser
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 24
Thursday, August 23, 12 Storage: Real World Example
Project Presto! (2011) §IBM research demonstrated the ability to do policy guided storage management for 10 Billion file environment in 43 minutes. Previous record was 1,591 minutes • Used cluster of 10 IBM xSeries servers • IBM’s cluster file system (GPFS) • Placing file system’s metadata on new solid-state storage appliance from Violin Memory
Cooling is the number one concern. - Server and storage failure due to sustaining high resource utilization.
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Source: Storage Class Memory: Technologies, Systems and Applications – FAST, February 2012 Santa Clara, CA 25
Thursday, August 23, 12 Storage I/F: PCIe Power Reduction
Source: Intel, PHY Interface for the PCI Express* Architecture: Revision .9 § Active Power Optimization • L1 sub-states => finer granularity power management • Dynamic Bus Sizing - Scaling bus width based on changing bandwidth needs • Resonant techniques to recirculate clock energy § Idle Power Optimization • Fast power On/Off circuits => Deeper power down • Leakage control Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 26
Thursday, August 23, 12 Virtualization …
_ + Storage Interface
V NVM Handling
_ + NVM Interface
Design & Architecture
NVM Bitcell
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 27
Thursday, August 23, 12 Future Trends
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 28
Thursday, August 23, 12 Future Trends
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 28
Thursday, August 23, 12 Future Trends
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 28
Thursday, August 23, 12 Future Trends
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 28
Thursday, August 23, 12 When?
2012 2014 2016 2018 2020+
RRAM
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 29
Thursday, August 23, 12 When?
2012 2014 2016 2018 2020+
Phase 1: “High Value” Niche Mkt Adoption •1T-1R RRAM •Embedded memory RRAM •NV cache •New characteristics bring high value •Not as cost sensitive •Establish technology
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 29
Thursday, August 23, 12 When?
2012 2014 2016 2018 2020+
Phase 1: Phase 2: “High Value” Niche Mkt NAND Replacement Adoption •1T-1R RRAM •1R RRAM •Data Storage RRAM •Embedded memory •Tb densities •NV cache •Lowest cost •New characteristics bring •Broad adoption high value •Not as cost sensitive •Establish technology
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 29
Thursday, August 23, 12 Quotes
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 30
Thursday, August 23, 12 Quotes
“…You don't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows.” - Bob Dylan
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 30
Thursday, August 23, 12 Quotes
“…You don't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows.” - Bob Dylan
“Some people feel the rain. Others just get wet.”
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 30
Thursday, August 23, 12 Quotes
“…You don't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows.” - Bob Dylan
“Some people feel the rain. Others just get wet.” - Bob Dylan
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 30
Thursday, August 23, 12 Quotes
“…You don't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows.” - Bob Dylan
“Some people feel the rain. Others just get wet.” - Bob Dylan
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 30
Thursday, August 23, 12 Quotes
“…You don't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows.” - Bob Dylan
“Some people feel the rain. Others just get wet.” - Bob Dylan
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 30
Thursday, August 23, 12 Quotes
“…You don't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows.” - Bob Dylan
“Some people feel the rain. Others just get wet.” - Bob Dylan
Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 30
Thursday, August 23, 12 Visit us at Flash Memory Summit Booth #813
Thursday, August 23, 12 Abstract
Each major transition in memory technology has been coupled with a revolution in system architectures that exploit the key advantages of the new memory. NAND flash enters its third decade of mass production as strong as ever, but it appears increasingly likely that a new non-volatile memory technology will emerge over the course of this decade to answer the demands of the data center and the mobile consumer.
§What are the key advantages of these emerging memories? §What attributes are required to become the successor to NAND flash? §What sort of revolution will these emerging memories bring to system architectures? §How (and when) will these new memories bring change to the data center and mobile devices?
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Thursday, August 23, 12