Thursday, August 23, 12 Thursday, August 23, 12 Thursday, August 23, 12 Thursday, August 23, 12 Thursday, August 23, 12 The Opportunity Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 3 Thursday, August 23, 12 The Opportunity TB Mobile Storage Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 3 Thursday, August 23, 12 The Opportunity TB PB Fast Mobile Enterprise Storage Storage Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 3 Thursday, August 23, 12 NVM Bitcell Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 4 Thursday, August 23, 12 Design & Architecture NVM Bitcell Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 4 Thursday, August 23, 12 _ + NVM Interface Design & Architecture NVM Bitcell Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 4 Thursday, August 23, 12 V NVM Handling _ + NVM Interface Design & Architecture NVM Bitcell Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 4 Thursday, August 23, 12 _ + Storage Interface V NVM Handling _ + NVM Interface Design & Architecture NVM Bitcell Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 4 Thursday, August 23, 12 Virtualization … _ + Storage Interface V NVM Handling _ + NVM Interface Design & Architecture NVM Bitcell Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 4 Thursday, August 23, 12 Virtualization … _ + Storage Interface V NVM Handling _ + NVM Interface Design & Architecture NVM Bitcell Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 4 Thursday, August 23, 12 Storage Interface NVM Handling NVM Interface Design & Architecture NVM Bitcell Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 5 Thursday, August 23, 12 Memory Bitcell ) 2 Log cell size (F Flash Memory Summit 2012 Time Santa Clara, CA 6 Thursday, August 23, 12 Memory Bitcell SRAM 2 ) 100F 2 Log cell size (F Flash Memory Summit 2012 Time Santa Clara, CA 6 Thursday, August 23, 12 Memory Bitcell SRAM 2 ) 100F 2 DRAM 6F2 Log cell size (F Flash Memory Summit 2012 Time Santa Clara, CA 6 Thursday, August 23, 12 Memory Bitcell SRAM 2 ) 100F 2 DRAM 6F2 NAND Log cell size (F 1F2 Flash Memory Summit 2012 Time Santa Clara, CA 6 Thursday, August 23, 12 Memory Bitcell SRAM 2 ) 100F 2 DRAM 6F2 NAND Log cell size (F 1F2 Emerging Memory Data Storage Flash Memory Summit 2012 Time Santa Clara, CA 6 Thursday, August 23, 12 Memory Bitcell: System ) 2 DRAM NAND Log cell size (F Flash Memory Summit 2012 Time Santa Clara, CA 7 Thursday, August 23, 12 Memory Bitcell: System SRAM DRAM System: Refresh NAND Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 7 Thursday, August 23, 12 Memory Bitcell: System SRAM DRAM System: Refresh NOR NAND System: ECC Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 7 Thursday, August 23, 12 NAND Bitcell vs. Requirements Enterprise Storage Consumer SSD Mobile Storage Consumer Performance and Reliability Electronics Time Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 8 Thursday, August 23, 12 NAND Bitcell vs. Requirements Enterprise Storage Consumer SSD Mobile Storage Consumer Performance and Reliability Electronics Time Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 8 Thursday, August 23, 12 NAND Bitcell vs. Requirements Enterprise Storage Consumer SSD Mobile Storage Consumer Performance and Reliability Electronics Time Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 8 Thursday, August 23, 12 NAND Bitcell vs. Requirements Enterprise Storage Consumer SSD Mobile Storage Consumer Performance and Reliability Electronics Time Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 8 Thursday, August 23, 12 NAND Bitcell vs. Requirements Enterprise Storage Consumer SSD Mobile Storage Consumer Performance and Reliability Electronics Time Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 8 Thursday, August 23, 12 NAND Bitcell vs. Requirements NAND bitcell trend Enterprise Storage Consumer Performance SSD Gap Mobile Storage Consumer Performance and Reliability Electronics Time Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 8 Thursday, August 23, 12 NAND Bitcell vs. Requirements NAND bitcell trend Enterprise Storage V Consumer SSD Mobile System Storage Consumer Performance and Reliability Electronics Time Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 8 Thursday, August 23, 12 NAND Bitcell vs. Requirements NAND bitcell trend Enterprise Storage Consumer V SSD System Mobile Storage Consumer Performance and Reliability Electronics Time Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 8 Thursday, August 23, 12 Key Criteria for Emerging Memory Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 9 Thursday, August 23, 12 Key Criteria for Emerging Memory Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 9 Thursday, August 23, 12 Key Criteria for Emerging Memory Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 9 Thursday, August 23, 12 Contenders Main Memory Data Storage Memristor DRAM PCRAM NAND STT-RAM RRAM 6F2 CB-RAM 1F2 Fast Slow Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 10 Thursday, August 23, 12 Contenders Main Memory Data Storage Memristor DRAM PCRAM NAND STT-RAM RRAM 6F2 CB-RAM 1F2 Fast Slow Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 10 Thursday, August 23, 12 Contenders Main Memory Data Storage DRAM PCRAM NAND STT-RAM RRAM 6F2 1F2 Fast Slow Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 10 Thursday, August 23, 12 Contenders STT-RAM PCRAM RRAM NAND Memory Cell 30F2 → 6F2 10F2 → 5F2 20F2 → 0.25F2 4.5F2 → 1F2 (F2) 1T-1R 1T-1R Cell type 1T-1R 1D-1R 1T-FG 1D-1R 1R Write Speed 10’s ns 1’s ns 10’s ns 10,000 ns (Bit level) ~ 100’s ns Embedded Code storage Data storage Application Data storage Main memory NV cache NV cache Embedded Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 11 Thursday, August 23, 12 Contenders STT-RAM PCRAM RRAM NAND Memory Cell 30F2 → 6F2 10F2 → 5F2 20F2 → 0.25F2 4.5F2 → 1F2 (F2) 1T-1R 1T-1R Cell type 1T-1R 1D-1R 1T-FG 1D-1R 1R Write Speed 10’s ns 1’s ns 10’s ns 10,000 ns (Bit level) ~ 100’s ns Embedded Code storage Data storage Application Data storage Main memory NV cache NV cache Embedded Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 11 Thursday, August 23, 12 Contenders STT-RAM PCRAM RRAM NAND Memory Cell 30F2 → 6F2 10F2 → 5F2 20F2 → 0.25F2 4.5F2 → 1F2 (F2) 1T-1R 1T-1R Cell type 1T-1R 1D-1R 1T-FG 1D-1R 1R Write Speed 10’s ns 1’s ns 10’s ns 10,000 ns (Bit level) ~ 100’s ns Embedded Code storage Data storage Application Data storage Main memory NV cache NV cache Embedded Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 11 Thursday, August 23, 12 Bitcell Selection 1T-1R 1D-1R 1R Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 12 Thursday, August 23, 12 Bitcell Selection 1T-1R 1D-1R 1R Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 12 Thursday, August 23, 12 Bitcell Selection 1T-1R 1D-1R 1R Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 12 Thursday, August 23, 12 Cross-Point Arrays Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 13 Thursday, August 23, 12 Cross-Point Arrays Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 13 Thursday, August 23, 12 Storage Interface V NVM Handling NVM Interface Design & Architecture NVM Bitcell Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 14 Thursday, August 23, 12 NVM Handling: $1B+ Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA Trademarks are the property of their respective companies or owners. 15 Thursday, August 23, 12 NVM Handling: $1B+ $350M $400M $250M Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA Trademarks are the property of their respective companies or owners. 15 Thursday, August 23, 12 NVM Handling: $1B+ $350M $400M $250M § NVM handling makes failing NAND bitcells usable § Requires deep knowledge of bitcell & architecture Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA Trademarks are the property of their respective companies or owners. 15 Thursday, August 23, 12 Memory Array Architecture Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 16 Thursday, August 23, 12 Memory Array Architecture NAND: Few massive arrays built from erase blocks Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 16 Thursday, August 23, 12 Memory Array Architecture NAND: Few massive arrays RRAM: Numerous built from erase blocks memory tiles Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 16 Thursday, August 23, 12 Memory Array Efficiency 1Tb 1R 3D-RRAM (projected) 256Gb PBiCS 3D-NAND (projected) Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 17 Thursday, August 23, 12 Memory Array Efficiency 1Tb 1R 3D-RRAM (projected) 256Gb PBiCS 3D-NAND (projected) Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 17 Thursday, August 23, 12 NVM Handling: Examples Block → Tile 2D → 3D Bit Management Interference Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 18 Thursday, August 23, 12 NVM Handling: Examples Block → Tile 2D → 3D Bit Management Interference Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 18 Thursday, August 23, 12 NVM Handling: Examples Block → Tile 2D → 3D Bit Management Interference Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 18 Thursday, August 23, 12 NVM Handling: System SRAM DRAM System: Refresh NOR NAND System: ECC Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 19 Thursday, August 23, 12 NVM Handling: System SRAM DRAM System: Refresh NOR NAND System: ECC NAND RRAM System: Adapt to RRAM bitcell and architectures Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 19 Thursday, August 23, 12 _ + Storage Interface NVM Handling _ + NVM Interface Design & Architecture NVM Bitcell Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 20 Thursday, August 23, 12 Interfaces in a Storage System Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 21 Thursday, August 23, 12 Interfaces in a Storage System NVM I/F Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 21 Thursday, August 23, 12 Interfaces in a Storage System NV Cache I/F NVM I/F Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 21 Thursday, August 23, 12 Interfaces in a Storage System Storage I/F NV Cache I/F NVM I/F Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 21 Thursday, August 23, 12 Driving the NVM Interface speed I/F Bitcell switching Array speed parallelism Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 22 Thursday, August 23, 12 NVM Interface 23 Thursday, August 23, 12 NV Cache Interface Controller NV Cache Chip PLL/DLL CK DQ0 DQ1 Ser Ser Deser Deser Flash Memory Summit 2012 Santa Clara, CA 24 Thursday, August 23, 12 Storage: Real World Example Project Presto! (2011) §IBM research demonstrated the ability to do policy guided storage management for 10 Billion file environment in 43 minutes.