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Poster Session 1: Tuesday, July 16, 4:30—6:30 PM In Vitro Buccal Membrane Absorption (IVBMA) Model for Tobacco Constituent Testing: Membrane Integrity Assays. Margaret Kraeling1, Rebecca Justiniano1, Cory Vaught1, Dana Lauterstein2, Juan Crespo-Barreto2, Robert Sprando1, Roxana P101-0073 Weil2, Raymond Yeager2, Jeffrey Yourick1. 1US FDA/CFSAN, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Laurel, MD, The United States of America. 2US FDA, Center for Tobacco Products, Office of Science, White Oak, MD, The United States of America The Interchangeability of In Vitro Key Event–Based Skin Sensitization Assays—Impact on Defined Approaches. Donna P102-0162 Macmillan1, Martyn Chilton1. 1Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, Leeds, United Kingdom Transcriptional Profiling of Cytochrome P450 Genes in Adult Liver and in Whole Embryo Fry of Zebrafish in Some Developmental Stages. Hiroki Teraoka1, Natsumi Yamashita1, Yusuke Kawai2, Shuangyi Zhang1, Takio Kitazawa1, Akira P103-0219 Kubota2. 1Rakuno Gakuen University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ebetsu, Japan. 2Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan Evaluation of Skin Barrier Protection Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Using. 3D Reconstructed Skin Model. Ye-On P104-0253 Jung1, Kyung-Min Lim1, Haengdueng Jeong2, Yejin Cho2, Kitaek Nam2. 1Ewha Womans University, College of Pharmacy, Seoul, The Republic of Korea. 2Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seodaemungu, The Republic of Korea Using C. elegans for Predictive Oral Toxicity Assessments. Piper Hunt1, Robert Sprando1. 1US FDA/CFSAN, Center for Food P105-0274 Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Division of Toxicology, Laurel, MD, The United States of America Cytotoxicity Differences of Troglitazone on HepG2 and CD133 Liver Cancer Stem Cells. Quanjun Wang1. 1Beijing Institute P106-0353 of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China Novel Deep Learning Methodology to Enable Drug-Induced Abnormality Detection Using Cultured Neurons on Microelectrode Arrays. Norimasa Miyamoto1, Atsuko Ojima2, Tetsuo Kitamura3, Tomoharu Osada4, Ikuro Suzuki5, Takashi Yoshinaga1. 1Eisai Co., Ltd., Global Cardiovascular Assessment, Tsukuba, Japan. 2TechnoPro R&D, Company, TechnoPro, Inc., P107-0367 Tsukuba Branch, Tsuchiura, Japan. 3LSI Medience Corporation, Safety Assessment Department, Nonclinical Research Center, Kamisu, Japan.. 4LSI Medience Corporation, Advanced Medical Business Development Department, Chiyoda, Japan. 5Tohoku Institute of Technology, Department of Electronics, Sendai, Japan Tris(1,3-Dichloro-2-Propyl) Phosphate Exposure during Early Development Alters the Normal Trajectory of Zebrafish P108-0369 Embryogenesis. Subham Dasgupta1, Vanessa Cheng1, Sara Frie Vliet1, Constance Mitchell1, David Volz1. 1University of California Riverside, Environmental Sciences, Riverside, CA, The United States of America A β-Galactosidase-Expressing E. coli Culture as an Alternative Test to Identify Skin Sensitizers and Nonsensitizers. Mahesh P109-0373 Nepal1, Dong Ho Cha1, Geon Ho Kim1, Mi Jeong Kang1, Doo Hyun Nam1, Tae Cheon Jeong1. 1Yeungnam University, Pharmacy, Gyeongsan, The Republic of Korea A Simple In Chemico Method for Testing Skin-Sensitizing Potential of Chemicals Using Small Endogenous Molecules. P110-0381 Mahesh Nepal1, Dong Ho Cha1, Geon Ho Kim1, Mi Jeong Kang1, Tae Cheon Jeong1. 1Yeungnam University, Pharmacy, Gyeongsan, The Republic of Korea 1 1 1 1 PM2.5 Induced Adverse Effect on Life Span of Caenorhabditis elegans. Guojun Li , Wenjing Zhang , Zinan Li , Nan Zhang , P111-0382 Haiming Jing1, Shan Gao1, Junyu Ning1. 1Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control/Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing, China Effects of Cyanobacterial Bloom Metabolites on NSC Survival and Differentiation In Vitro. Barbara Kubickova1, Marie Smutna1, Dasa Bohaciakova2, Klara Hilscherova1. 1Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the P112-0409 Environment, Brno, The Czech Republic. 2Masaryk University, Department of Histology and Embryology, Brno, The Czech Republic Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Human iPSC-CMs Responses to Cardiac Ion Channel Blockers. Li Pang1, Feng Wei1, Norman Stockbridge2. 1US FDA/NCTR, Division of Systems Biology, Jefferson, AR, The United States of America. 2US P113-0432 FDA/CDER, Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Office of New Drugs I, Silver Spring, MD, The United States of America mRNA-Sequencing Identifies Liver as a Potential Target Organ for Triphenyl Phosphate in Embryonic Zebrafish. Aalekhya P114-0445 Reddam1, Constance Mitchell1, Subham Dasgupta1, David Volz1. 1University of California Riverside, Department of Environmental Sciences, Riverside, CA, The United States of America Inhibitory Effect of Acremonidin E on Melanogenesis Using B16F10 Melanoma Cells and Pigmented. 3D Human Skin P115-0503 Model. Kyuri Kim1, Hanseul Park1, Kyung-Min Lim1. 1Ewha Womans University, College of Pharmacy, Seoul, The Republic of Korea Employment of Cytological Assessment of Skin Irritancy for. 3D Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model. Jee-Hyun P116-0508 Hwang1, Kyung-Min Lim1, Kitaek Nam2. 1Ewha Womans University, College of Pharmacy, Seoul, The Republic of Korea. 2Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seodaemungu, The Republic of Korea Altered Lipid Profiles in the Skin and Liver of db/db Mice. Minjeong Kim1, Kyung-Min Lim1. 1Ewha Womans University, P117-0519 College of Pharmacy, Seoul, The Republic of Korea Establishment of a GFP Reporter THP-1 Cell Line under the Control of Endogenous Interleukin-8 Promoter. Akira Aoki1, Ryoya Kawai1, Yoshinori Okamoto1, Koji Ueda1, Takashi Isobe2, Susumu Ohkawara2, Nobumitsu Hanioka2, Toshiko Tanaka- P118-0528 Kagawa2, Hideto Jinno1. 1Meijo University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nagoya, Japan. 2Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Department of Kampo Pharmacy and Health Pharmacy, Yokohama, Japan Predictive Capacity of Combined Methods for Tiered Approach on Evaluation of Eye Irritation. Jy Kim1, HyeLyun Jeon1, P119-0538 AhRang Cho1, Joohwan Kim1, KyungYuk Ko1, JungSun Yi1, Hak Kim1, TaeSung Kim1, KiSook Park1. 1National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Toxicological Screening and Testing Division, Cheongju, The Republic of Korea Multigenerational Epigenetic Effect of Deoxynivalenol in Caenorhabditis elegans. Lili Tang1, Jia-Sheng Wang1. 1University P120-0629 of Georgia, Enviornmental Health Science, Athens, GA, The United States of America Documenting International Acute Systemic Toxicity Testing Requirements to Facilitate Increased Acceptance of Nonanimal Approaches. Esther Haugabrooks 1, Kristie Sullivan2. 1Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Research P121-0632 & Regulatory Affairs, Washington, DC, The United States of America. 2Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Research and Regulatory Affairs, Washington, DC, The United States of America Aberrant Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) Disrupts Dorsoventral Patterning during P122-0642 Early Zebrafish Embryogenesis. Vanessa Cheng1, Aalekhya Reddam1, Subham Dasgupta1, David Volz1. 1University of California Riverside, Department of Environmental Sciences, Riverside, CA, The United States of America Toxic Effects of Six Essential Oils on the Biological Model Caenorhabditis elegans. Leonor Cervantes-Ceballos1, Liset Mallarino-Miranda2, Lesly Tejeda-Benitez3, Harold Gomez Estrada4, Nayelhi Sarmiento Beleño4. 1Universidad de Cartagena, P123-0654 Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Cartagena, Colombia. 2Universidad de Cartagena, Facultad de Ingenieria, Cartagena, Colombia. 3Universidad de Cartagena, Facultad de Ingeniería, Cartagena, Colombia. 4Universidad de Cartagena, Facultad de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Cartagena, Colombia Modernizing Biocompatibility Testing: Replacing Animal Tests through the United States Food and Drug Administration P124-0658 (US FDA) Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) Medical Devices Development Tools (MDDT) Program. Jeffrey Brown1. 1PETA International Science Consortium Ltd., London, United Kingdom Elucidating Gene-by-Environment Interactions Associated with Differential Susceptibility to Chemical Exposure: Abamectin as a Case Study. Jane LaDu1, Michelle Balik-Meisner2, Elizabeth Scholl2, Lisa Truong1, David Reif2, Robert P125-0664 Tanguay1. 1Oregon State University, Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Corvallis, OR, The United States of America. 2NC State University, Bioinformatics Research Center and Departments of Statistics and Biological Sciences, Raleigh, NC, The United States of America Identification and Characterization of Long Non-coding RNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans Exposed to Mixture of Aflatoxin 1 1 1 1 P126-0675 B1 and Fumonisin B1. Kathy Xue , Lili Tang , Jia-Sheng Wang . University of Georgia, Environmental Health Sciences, Athens, GA, The United States of America Statistical Analysis of Me-Too Validation Study on Alternative Test Method for Eye Irritation, MCTT HCE. Song E Lim1, P127-0683 Kyung-Min Lim1, SeungJin Bae2. 1Ewha Womans University, College of Pharmacy, Seoul, The Republic of Korea. 2Ewha Womans University, College of Pharmacy, Seoul, The Republic of Korea Pioneering Better Science to Advance the. 3Rs in Acute Toxicity Testing. Nikki Gellatly1, Natalie Burden1, Helen Prior1, P128-0722
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  • Modes of Action of Herbal Medicines and Plant Secondary Metabolites

    Modes of Action of Herbal Medicines and Plant Secondary Metabolites

    Medicines 2015, 2, 251-286; doi:10.3390/medicines2030251 OPEN ACCESS medicines ISSN 2305-6320 www.mdpi.com/journal/medicines Review Modes of Action of Herbal Medicines and Plant Secondary Metabolites Michael Wink Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, INF 364, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-6221-544-881; Fax: +49-6221-544-884 Academic Editor: Shufeng Zhou Received: 13 August 2015 / Accepted: 31 August 2015 / Published: 8 September 2015 Abstract: Plants produce a wide diversity of secondary metabolites (SM) which serve them as defense compounds against herbivores, and other plants and microbes, but also as signal compounds. In general, SM exhibit a wide array of biological and pharmacological properties. Because of this, some plants or products isolated from them have been and are still used to treat infections, health disorders or diseases. This review provides evidence that many SM have a broad spectrum of bioactivities. They often interact with the main targets in cells, such as proteins, biomembranes or nucleic acids. Whereas some SM appear to have been optimized on a few molecular targets, such as alkaloids on receptors of neurotransmitters, others (such as phenolics and terpenoids) are less specific and attack a multitude of proteins by building hydrogen, hydrophobic and ionic bonds, thus modulating their 3D structures and in consequence their bioactivities. The main modes of action are described for the major groups of common plant secondary metabolites. The multitarget activities of many SM can explain the medical application of complex extracts from medicinal plants for more health disorders which involve several targets.