Tc-057 057 [2017년[2017년 22월월 ~ 44월월 수수록곡]록곡] [2017년 2월 ~ 4월 수록곡] [ 2 0 1 7 년
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Hip-Hop and Cultural Interactions: South Korean and Western Interpretations
HIP-HOP AND CULTURAL INTERACTIONS: SOUTH KOREAN AND WESTERN INTERPRETATIONS. by Danni Aileen Lopez-Rogina, B.A. A thesis submitted to the Graduate Council of Texas State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts with a Major in Sociology May 2017 Committee Members: Nathan Pino, Chair Rachel Romero Rafael Travis COPYRIGHT by Danni Aileen Lopez-Rogina 2017 FAIR USE AND AUTHOR’S PERMISSION STATEMENT Fair Use This work is protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States (Public Law 94-553, section 107). Consistent with fair use as defined in the Copyright Laws, brief quotations from this material are allowed with proper acknowledgement. Use of this material for financial gain without the author’s express written permission is not allowed. Duplication Permission As the copyright holder of this work I, Danni Aileen Lopez-Rogina, refuse permission to copy in excess of the “Fair Use” exemption without my written permission. DEDICATION To Frankie and Holly for making me feel close to normal. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I want to acknowledge my mom, dad, and sister first and foremost. Without their love and support over the years, I would not have made it this far. They are forever my cheerleaders, no matter how sassy I may be. Professor Nathan Pino was my chosen mentor who took me under his wing when I chose him like a stray cat. His humor and dedication to supporting me helped me keep my head up even when I felt like I was drowning. Professor Rachel Romero was the one to inspire me to not only study sociology, but also to explore popular culture as a key component of society. -
Roots and Routes 188
Fendler / Roots and Routes 188 ROOTS AND ROUTES Hip-Hop from South Korea Ute Fendler University of Bayreuth [email protected] Abstract With the growing success of hip-hop in South Korea, the discussions about the authenticity of this genre increase and create cleavages between the mainstream and the underground rappers. The paper intends to analyze three examples of the contemporary music scene that are representative of different positions. Taking Simon Frith’s work on popular music as a means to construct identity, the paper suggests questioning the concept of authenticity (“roots”) and proposes instead conceiving hip-hop in South Korea as a movement at the crossroads (“routes”) of various influences and practices. Keywords Authenticity, Identity, Music videos, Performance, R&B, Rap About the Author Ute Fendler is chair of romance cultural and comparative cultural studies at the University of Bayreuth (Germany). Her research interests include intermedial and intercultural phenomenon, popular culture, migration, iconographies, music video, and performance. Kritika Kultura 29 (2017): –213 © Ateneo de Manila University <http://journals.ateneo.edu/ojs/kk/> Fendler / Roots and Routes 189 In the ongoing process of reaching out to global markets, pop music in South Korea undergoes fast changes, mainly under the influence of US-American and Western European markets, as literature on K-pop highlights (Choi and Maliangkay). John Lie dealt with the question of K-pop as music positioned between different influences: K-pop is symptomatic of the cultural transformation of South Korea: at once the almost complete repudiation of traditional cultures—both Confucian and folk—and the repeated rhetorical stress on the continuities between the past and the present: the nearly empty signifier that is South Korean cultural-national identity. -
Magicsing Chip English
MagicSing Chip - Korean #10 - 2,100 songs Compatible to ET23KH, ET25K, ET9K, ET19Kv, ET18Kv, ET13K, ET12K, MT14K, ET15K, ET21K 번호 제목 가수 06651 & design (앤 디자인) 문근영 11235 1, 2, 3 (원 투 쓰리) 윤하 07251 10 점 만점에 10 점 2PM 07252 12 월의 로망스 유리상자 06351 1-2Step 제시카 H.O 07253 1994 년 어느 늦은 밤 장혜진 12058 1 년 정거장 G-드래곤 11384 1 년 후 (One Year Later) 소녀시대(제시카,온유) 07254 1 분 1초 에픽하이(Feat.타루) 11385 1 분 1초도 FT 아일랜드 12183 21 세기에 19 세기 사랑 김종환 06652 24 시간의 신화 최진영 12059 247 세개의 시선(Feat.IU) 06352 2 년 6개월 유영석 11333 2 번째 고백 먼데이키즈 06951 5 월의 연인 서영은 07255 6 년 동안 별 11386 7 년간의 사랑 규현(슈퍼주니어) 11182 8282 다비치 11035 9 월 12 일 비(Rain) 07257 가난한 사랑 고유진 07256 가난한 사랑 버즈(Buzz) 07258 가니 씨야(Feat.김용준,황정음,Mario) 06952 가라 사랑아 장혜진 12119 가라지 현미 06653 가슴 아파도 (패션 70s OST) Fly to the sky 07259 가슴 아파서 (흔들리지마 OST) 태사비애 07260 가슴만 눈물만 (행복합니다 OST) 한경일 06654 가슴아 그만해 M.C THE MAX 07261 가슴아 제발 유리(Yuri) 06655 가슴에 내리는 비 나훈아 07262 가슴에 눈물은 왜 못 보나요 안주연 06953 가슴에 틈나서 최정민 07263 가슴으로 외쳐 먼데이키즈(Feat. Rhymer) 06656 가슴으로 울었네 장윤정 11334 가슴은 알죠 조관우 06353 가슴이 소리쳐서 김형중 07264 가슴이 슬퍼 (못된 사랑 OST) 테이(Tei) 06657 가슴이 아프단 말 이제야 알죠 M.C THE MAX 11236 가슴이 어떻게 됐나봐 (꽃보다 남자 OST) A&T 07265 가슴이 콩콩콩 유화 06954 가시나무새 SG 워너비 07266 가시리 SG 워너비 & KCM 11335 가여워 아이유(IU) 06955 가인 김란영 12120 가인 배치기(Feat.Nemo Of 미스에스) 11336 가자 삼총사 07267 가져가 원더걸스 11337 가지 말라고 김동희(Rap Feat.제이미) 06658 가지마 브라이언 07268 가지마 가지마 브라운 아이즈 07269 가지마세요 태진아 11130 가평아가씨 오은주 11991 간다고야 유일한 11183 갈때까지 가보자 이수근(Feat.은지원) 07270 갈증 (에덴의 동쪽 OST) 김종욱 07271 감사 (뉴하트OST) 홍경민 12184 강력한 그녀 런(Run) 06659 강한 여자 배슬기(Feat.Carlos) 06956 같기도 김준호,이상구,홍인규 06660 같은 베개 테이(Tei) 11338 거꾸로 가는 사랑 SG 워너비 06661 거리에서 성시경 12185 거부할 수 없는 (수상한 삼 형제 OST) 나비(Navi) 07272 거울을 보다가 거미(Feat. -
To Walk Invisible: the Brontë Sisters | All Governments Lie | the Great War | Strike a Pose | Keep Quiet | Rachel Carson Scene & Heard
July-August 2017 VOL. 32 THE VIDEO REVIEW MAGAZINE FOR LIBRARIES N O . 4 IN THIS ISSUE To Walk Invisible: The Brontë Sisters | All Governments Lie | The Great War | Strike A Pose | Keep Quiet | Rachel Carson scene & heard BAKER & TAYLOR’S SPECIALIZED A/V TEAM OFFERS ALL THE PRODUCTS, SERVICES AND EXPERTISE TO FULFILL YOUR LIBRARY PATRONS’ NEEDS. Learn more about Baker & Taylor’s Scene & Heard team: Experience Baker & Taylor is the ELITE most experienced in the Helpful personnel focused exclusively on A/V products and business; selling A/V customized services to meet continued patron demand products to libraries since 1986. PROFICIENT Qualified entertainment content buyers ensure frontlist and backlist titles are available and delivered on time SKILLED Supportive Sales Representatives with an average of 15 years industry experience DEVOTED Nationwide team of A/V processing staff ready to prepare your movie and music products to your shelf-ready specifications KNOWLEDGEABLE Full-time staff of A/V catalogers, backed by their MLS degree and more than 43 years of media cataloging expertise 800-775-2600 x2050 [email protected] www.baker-taylor.com Spotlight Review To Walk Invisible: and the delicate reticence of Anne (Charlie Murphy)—while also portraying Branwell The Brontë Sisters (Adam Nagaitis) and their father Patrick HHHH (Jonathan Pryce) with a touching degree of PBS, 120 min., not rated, sympathy, given the obvious flaws of both Publisher/Editor: Randy Pitman DVD: $29.99, Blu-ray: $34.99 men. In addition to the drama surrounding Associate Editor: Jazza Williams-Wood Branwell’s troubles, the narrative explores The most significant Editorial Assistant: Christopher Pitman the almost comical difficulties that the period (1845-48) in the sisters confronted in trying to protect their Graphic Designer: Carol Kaufman lives of 19th-century “intellectual property” interests while also British authors Anne, Marketing Director: Anne Williams preserving their anonymity after their nov- Charlotte, and Emily els became wildly popular. -
Digital Music Report 2012 Expanding Choice
Digital Music Report 2012 Expanding Choice. Going Global Digital Music Report 2012 Contents Introduction 3 Focus on France 20 n Plácido Domingo, chairman, IFPI n Hadopi: “Positive impact for years to come” n Frances Moore, chief executive, IFPI n The independent’s view: Innovation and “meaningful sanctions” Artist voices 5 Focus on the US 21 Digital Music: Expanding Choice. n ISP agreement and strong digital growth Going Global 6 n Executive Summary Focus on South Korea 22 n Global digital growth rate accelerates n A continuing success n The global top selling digital singles of 2011 n Access or ownership? You choose Developing a legitimate business in China 23 n Global expansion n Major record companies license Baidu n Progress against piracy n Intermediaries have a key role Protecting content online: Intermediaries step up 24 The business models of digital music 10 n Search engines should link to legal music n Downloads break through borders n Advertising: Cutting the funds to piracy n Digital album demand alive and kicking n Payment providers act on illegal sites n The rise of subscription n Hosting providers: A key partner n Subscription reaches new consumers n Bundling music – a route to the mass market Self-Help: Anti-piracy enforcement n Internet radio continued to expand and education 26 n Music video meets strong consumer demand n Tackling the pre-release hackers n Public education: a long term commitment The art of digital marketing 14 n A Guide to Music, Film, TV and the Internet Piracy: Improved cooperation from Digital Music -
추가곡 Newsong 가 요 K-POP
TK-050 /050E 2015.07 1 추가곡 Newsong (Feat. 꽃들이피고지는게우리의모습이었어 29117 이문세 니가처음이야 기리보이) 29226 장현승 Newsong 추가곡 꽃이핀다 29013 K.Will 니생각뿐 (Feat.개리) 29047 영준 꽃이필거야 39874 성탁 님그리워 29207 안다미 가 요 K-POP 꿈이뭐야(Dream Chaser) (Feat.Dok2,크러쉬) 29007 그레이 다른남자말고너 29045 미스에이 (화정 가슴에사는사람 OST) 29348 박정현 꿩의바람 29017 강민서 단하루 (가면OST) 29354 린 (오렌지마말레 몬스타엑스 가시나무새 29220 패티김 끌리는여자 이드OST) 29265 (기현,주헌) 달도밝은데 29154 강진 지민(AOA), GOD 29202 제이던 끝난사이 45011 별 달링 (프로듀사OST) 29287 이승철 (2015 걱정을말아요 Ver.) 29281 윤항기 나도여자랍니다 29091 정정아 달수정(Moon Crystal) 29241 M&D 걸렸어 29249 팡팡스타 나도여자예요 39898 민아(걸스데이) 댄스파라다이스 29113 한영주 (오렌지마말레이드 (맨도롱또똣OST) 겁이나 OST) 29269 릴리M 나의위성 29350 장재인 더가까이 29285 효린 (Feat. Get (Feat.빈지노) 29288 어반자카파 나의태양 29235 장혜진 Double Jack 에디킴) 29315 보아 고맙다잘했다미안하다 29271 이채현 나이고싶어 29189 제시 The Color (With 빈지노) 29208 윤종신 (Feat.타블로 고백 29301 어쿠루브 나하고놀자 29131 크로스진 Daydream ,김종완) 29246 김성규 고백송 29119 더레이 낙동강천삼백리길 29276 남성일 동네술집 29283 허각,정인 두근거려(Beautiful) 고삐 29254 유현상 날안아줘 29193 40 (우리옆집에EXO가산다OST) 29171 백현(EXO) 곰배령 39891 조은성 남자라면 29209 버즈 두근두근 (프로듀사OST) 29316 벤(Ben) 구절초 45014 최영철 남자의일생 29133 강민 두사랑 (Feat.매드클라운) 45010 다비치 궁금해 29311 CLC Not-Boyfriend 45019 미(MIIII) 둘하나둘 29308 어반자카파 (이혼변호사는 그게뭐라고 29157 어쿠루브 낯선, 새벽 연애중OST) 29257 에피톤프로젝트 Dream (Feat.박지민) 29314 에릭남 (착하지않은여자들 그남자작곡 29016 K.Will 내가그댈 OST) 45018 전우성(노을) 디저트(Dessert) 29060 박시환 (냄새를보는 그남잔말야 소녀OST) 29183 MC THE MAX 내가사라졌으면좋겠어 29298 옥상달빛 딱말해 29278 마이네임 그녀가온다 (Duet.규현) 29098 이문세 내를델따주오 29148 노브레인 딱좋아 29176 송대관 (Feat. -
960001 a 韓語 RAINBOW 960002 Abracadabra 韓語 Brown Eyed Girls
960001 A 韓語 RAINBOW 960002 Abracadabra 韓語 Brown Eyed Girls 960003 Action 韓語 Spinel X 960004 AH 韓語 After School 960005 ALONE 韓語 이헤진 960006 Always 韓語 U KISS(유키스) 960007 Anystar 韓語 이효리 960008 ARROW 韓語 강타 960009 A Cha 韓語 Super Junior 960010 A GAME 韓語 AZIATIX 960011 APPLE IS A 韓語 TARA 960012 BALLERINO 韓語 리쌍 960013 Bang 韓語 AFTER SCHOOL 960015 Be.the.one 韓語 BoA 960016 BEGIN 韓語 동방신기 960017 BELIEVE 韓語 동방신기 960018 BLUE 韓語 빅뱅 960019 BONAMANA 韓語 SUPER JUNIOR 960020 Bounce 韓語 New.F.O (뉴에프오) 960021 Breathe 韓語 Miss A 960022 BUTTERFLY 韓語 DRAGON 960024 Be Alright 韓語 김태우 960025 BAD BOY 韓語 Big Bang 960026 BBIRIBBOM BBERIBBOM 韓語 남녀공학 960027 BIG BANG 韓語 빅뱅 960028 BLAH BLAH 韓語 MAZIK FLOW+RUMBLE FISH 960029 Bling Bling 韓語 Dal★Shabet 960030 BBI BRI BBA BBA 韓語 NARSHA 960031 BE CRA2Y 韓語 B2Y 960032 BEAUTIFUL DAY 韓語 사비앤제이 960033 Break Down 韓語 김현중 960035 Beautiful Girl 韓語 박성민 960036 BAD GIRL GOOD GIRL 韓語 MISS A 960037 Break It 韓語 KARA(카라) 960038 BABY I'M SORRY 韓語 B1A4 960039 Back It Up 韓語 Jewelry 960040 BE MINE 韓語 INFINITE 960041 Be My Baby 韓語 원더걸스 960042 Bubble Pop! 韓語 김현아 960043 BO PEEP BO PEEP 韓語 TARA 960044 Be Quiet 韓語 김완선&용준형(BEAST) 960045 Beautiful Target 韓語 B1A4 960046 BETTER THAN YESTERDAY 韓語 MC SNIPER 960047 BREAK UP 韓語 이기광 960048 be with you. 韓語 BOA 960049 BROKEN YESTERDAY 韓語 FLOWER 960050 4 CHANCE 韓語 SS501 960051 CANDY 韓語 나비효과 960052 CHANGE 韓語 김현아 & 용준현 960053 CHOCOLATE 韓語 크라운제이 960054 Chu 韓語 F(X) 960055 CHU~ 韓語 F(X) 960056 Copy&Paste 韓語 보아 960057 Crash 韓語 배틀 960058 CRAZY 韓語 TEEN TOP 960059 CRUSH 韓語 백지영&JADE 960060 Cry 韓語 MBLAQ 960061 CutieHoney 韓語 AYUMI -
El K-Pop Y La Interacción Parasocial En España
TESIS DOCTORAL 2020 - UNIVERSIDAD DE MÁLAGA EL K-POP Y LA INTERACCIÓN PARASOCIAL EN ESPAÑA: EL FENÓMENO FAN EN INSTAGRAM JULIA RODRÍGUEZ CASTILLO DIRECTORA: ANA ALMANSA MARTÍNEZ Doctorado Interuniversitario en Comunicación de las universidades de Málaga, Cádiz, Huelva y Sevilla en la línea de Publicidad y Relaciones Públicas AUTOR: Julia Rodríguez Castillo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4379-9820 EDITA: Publicaciones y Divulgación Científica. Universidad de Málaga Esta obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial- SinObraDerivada 4.0 Internacional: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode Cualquier parte de esta obra se puede reproducir sin autorización pero con el reconocimiento y atribución de los autores. No se puede hacer uso comercial de la obra y no se puede alterar, transformar o hacer obras derivadas. Esta Tesis Doctoral está depositada en el Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga (RIUMA): riuma.uma.es UNIVERSIDAD DE MÁLAGA, ESPAÑA Facultad de Ciencias de la Comunicación 2017-2020 Tesis Doctoral EL K-POP Y LA INTERACCIÓN PARASOCIAL EN ESPAÑA: EL FENÓMENO FAN EN INSTAGRAM Programa de Doctorado: Doctorado Interuniversitario en Comunicación de las universidades de Málaga, Cádiz, Huelva y Sevilla en la línea de Publicidad y Relaciones Públicas DOCTORANDA: JULIA RODRÍGUEZ CASTILLO DIRECTORA: ANA ALMANSA MARTÍNEZ Dra. Dña. Ana Almansa Martínez, Profesora Titular de Universidad, adscrita al Departamento de Comunicación Audiovisual y Publicidad, de la Universidad de Málaga, como tutora y directora de esta tesis doctoral, realizada por Dña. Julia Rodríguez Castillo, INFORMA QUE: Una vez finalizada la investigación y conforme a la normativa vigente, AUTORIZA la presentación y defensa de la tesis, por considerar que reúne los requisitos formales, científicos y de originalidad necesarios para ser defendida ante el Tribunal constituido al efecto, para la obtención del Grado de Doctor. -
Poetical Works of George Macdonald, Vol. 2
Poetical Works of George MacDonald, Vol. 2 George MacDonald The Project Gutenberg EBook of Poetical Works of George MacDonald, Vol. 2 by George MacDonald Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook. This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project Gutenberg file. Please do not remove it. Do not change or edit the header without written permission. Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file. Included is important information about your specific rights and restrictions in how the file may be used. You can also find out about how to make a donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved. **Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** **eBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** *****These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!***** Title: Poetical Works of George MacDonald, Vol. 2 Author: George MacDonald Release Date: February, 2006 [EBook #9984] [Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule] [This file was first posted on November 5, 2003] Edition: 10 Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WORKS OF GEORGE MACDONALD, VOL. 2 *** Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Jonathan Ingram, Charles M. Bidwell and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. THE POETICAL WORKS OF GEORGE MACDONALD IN TWO VOLUMES VOL. 2 CONTENTS. -
On-Chart Success Dynamics of Popular Songs
On-Chart Success Dynamics of Popular Songs Seungkyu Shin and Juyong Park Graduate School of Culture Technology and BK21 Plus Postgraduate Programme for Content Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea 34141 In the modern era where highly-commodified cultural products compete heavily for mass consump- tion, finding the principles behind the complex process of how successful, “hit” products emerge remains a vital scientific goal that requires an interdisciplinary approach. Here we present a frame- work for tracing the cycle of prosperity-and-decline of a product to find insights into influential and potent factors that determine its success. As a rapid, high-throughput indicator of the preference of the public, popularity charts have emerged as a useful information source for finding the market performance patterns of products over time, which we call the on-chart life trajectories that show how the products enter the chart, fare inside it, and eventually exit from it. We propose quantitative parameters to characterise a life trajectory, and analyse a large-scale data set of nearly 7 000 songs from Gaon Chart, a major weekly Korean Pop (K-Pop) chart that cover a span of six years. We find that a significant role is played by non-musical extrinsic factors such as the established fan base of the artist and the might of production companies in the on-chart success of songs, strongly indicative of the commodified nature of modern cultural products. We also review a possible mathematical model of this phenomenon, and discuss several nontrivial yet intriguing trajectories that we call the “Late Bloomers” and the “Re-entrants” that appears to be strongly driven by serendipitous exposure on mass media and the changes of seasons. -
Don't Fear the Joker
CAT-TALES DDON’’T FFEAR THE JJOKER CAT-TALES DDON’’T FFEAR THE JJOKER By Chris Dee COPYRIGHT © 2010, CHRIS DEE ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. BATMAN, CATWOMAN, GOTHAM CITY, ET AL CREATED BY BOB KANE, PROPERTY OF DC ENTERTAINMENT, USED WITHOUT PERMISSION catwoman-cattales.com facebook.com/cattales.by.chris.dee ISBN: 978-1517197902 DON’T FEAR THE JOKER Germs. The worst thing about winter. Marty Parks started the day with a hot shower—his showers were a lot hotter and a lot longer than they had been a week ago—and he scrubbed his skin raw with the scratchy new loofah. He’d always considered the loofah one of those silly, new agey things, but lately, he really didn’t feel like a washcloth got him clean. He wanted something that would SCRUB. He wondered how sanitary they were though. He knew the loofah was some kind of fishy plant thing. It might not be that hygienic after you used it a couple times and then left it there, all wet, in the steamy bathroom. There was no telling what kind of mold or mildew might start growing in there. Impulsively, Marty threw his new loofah away once he had toweled off. They were cheap enough; he could get a new one. He was a working man, not made of money, but it was cold and flu season. You couldn’t be too careful. If he got sick, he’d lose a lot more than the cost of buying a new loofah every week, that was for sure. He checked to see that the iron was hot and laid out his uniform on the bed, giving the shirt and pants a good pressing before he put them on. -
The Impact of African-American Musicianship on South Korean Popular Music: Adoption, Appropriation, Hybridization, Integration, Or Other?
The Impact of African-American Musicianship on South Korean Popular Music: Adoption, Appropriation, Hybridization, Integration, or Other? The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Gardner, Hyniea. 2019. The Impact of African-American Musicianship on South Korean Popular Music: Adoption, Appropriation, Hybridization, Integration, or Other?. Master's thesis, Harvard Extension School. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:42004187 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Impact of African-American Musicianship on South Korean Popular Music: Adoption, Appropriation, Hybridization, Integration, or Other? Hyniea (Niea) Gardner A Thesis in the Field of Anthropology and Archaeology for the Degree of Master of Liberal Arts in Extension Studies Harvard University May 2019 © May 2019 Hyniea (Niea) Gardner Abstract In 2016 the Korea Creative Content Agency (KOCCA) reported that the Korean music industry saw an overseas revenue of ₩5.3 trillion ($4.7 billion) in concert tickets, streaming music, compact discs (CDs), and related services and merchandise such as fan meetings and purchases of music artist apparel and accessories (Kim 2017 and Erudite Risk Business Intelligence 2017). Korean popular music (K-Pop) is a billion-dollar industry. Known for its energetic beats, synchronized choreography, and a sound that can be an amalgamation of electronica, blues, hip-hop, rock, and R&B all mixed together to create something that fans argue is “uniquely K-Pop.” However, further examination reveals that producers and songwriters – both Korean and the American and European specialists contracted by agencies – tend to base the foundation of the K-Pop sound in hip-hop and R&B, which has strong ties to African-American musical traditions.