E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 104 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION

Vol. 142 WASHINGTON, MONDAY, APRIL 22, 1996 No. 52 House of Representatives

The House met at 2 p.m. and was Mr. LIVINGSTON led the Pledge of may have until midnight tonight, Mon- called to order by the Speaker pro tem- Allegiance as follows: day, April 22, 1996, to file a conference pore [Mr. FUNDERBURK]. I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the report on the bill (H.R. 3019) making f United States of America, and to the Repub- appropriations for fiscal year 1996 to lic for which it stands, one nation under God, make a further downpayment toward a DESIGNATION OF THE SPEAKER indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. balanced budget, and for other pur- PRO TEMPORE f poses. The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there COMMUNICATION FROM THE fore the House the following commu- objection to the request of the gen- CLERK OF THE HOUSE nication from the Speaker: tleman from Louisiana? WASHINGTON, DC, The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- There was no objection. fore the House the following commu- April 22, 1996. f I hereby designate the Honorable DAVID nication from the Clerk of the House of FUNDERBURK to act as Speaker pro tempore Representatives: RESIGNATION AS MEMBER OF on this day. OFFICE OF THE CLERK, COMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC AND NEWT GINGRICH, U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Speaker of the House of Representatives. EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES Washington, DC, April 19, 1996. AND COMMITTEE ON INTER- f Hon. NEWT GINGRICH, NATIONAL RELATIONS The Speaker, U.S. House of Representatives, PRAYER Washington, DC. The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- The Chaplain, Rev. James David DEAR MR. SPEAKER: Pursuant to the per- fore the House the following resigna- Ford, D.D., offered the following pray- mission granted in Clause 5 of Rule III of the tion as a member of the Committee on er: Rules of the U.S. House of Representatives, Economic and Educational Opportuni- In this moment of quiet and rev- the Clerk received the following message ties and the Committee on Inter- from the Secretary of the Senate on Friday, erence remind us, O God, that we can April 19, 1996 at 12:40 p.m.: That the Senate national Relations: hear Your word in the hushed moments passed without amendment H.R. 3034. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, of life, when the detractions of every With warm regards, Washington, DC, April 22, 1996. day are put aside and we allow our ROBIN H. CARLE, Hon. NEWT GINGRICH, senses to listen and to hear Your words Clerk. Speaker, the Capitol, of faith and hope and love. Open our f Washington, DC. DEAR MR. SPEAKER: I hereby resign my po- senses so we are alert to Your leading sition as a member of the Economic and Edu- and unlock any perception we have ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER PRO TEMPORE cational Opportunities Committee and the that hinders us from Your blessings. Be International Relations Committee effective with us this day and every day, we The SPEAKER pro tempore. The upon ratification by the full House of my pray. Amen. Chair desires to announce that pursu- membership on the House Commerce Com- f ant to clause 4 of rule I, the Speaker mittee. signed the following enrolled bill on I wish to thank Chairman Gilman, Rank- THE JOURNAL Friday, April 19, 1996: H.R. 3034, to ing Member Hamilton, Chairman Goodling, The SPEAKER pro tempore. The amend the Indian Self-Determination Ranking Member Clay and all the members of these committees for the many courtesies Chair has examined the Journal of the and Education Assistance Act to ex- extended to me during my service on these last day’s proceedings and announces tend for 2 months the authority for two panels. to the House his approval thereof. promulgating regulations under the While I am honored to serve as the newest Pursuant to clause 1, rule I, the Jour- act. member of the Commerce Committee, I look nal stands approved. f forward to also returning to my assignment f on the International Relations Committee PERMISSION TO FILE CON- where I have been a member for more than PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE FERENCE REPORT ON H.R. 3019, seven years. Thank you for your assistance with this The SPEAKER pro tempore. Will the BALANCED BUDGET DOWN PAY- MENT ACT, II matter. gentleman from Louisiana [Mr. LIVING- Sincerely, STON] come forward and lead the House Mr. LIVINGSTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask ELIOT L. ENGEL, in the Pledge of Allegiance. unanimous consent that the managers Member of Congress.

b This symbol represents the time of day during the House proceedings, e.g., b 1407 is 2:07 p.m. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor.

H3655 H3656 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE April 22, 1996 The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without the very prosperity which we ought by right and frustrated court proceedings. As I objection, the resignation is accepted. to hand down to them amplified and devel- have said many times, it is time the There was no objection. oped. victims of this tragedy in the United f These stirring words ring just as true States achieved some closure in this today. I hope all Americans will join in case. It is my strong hope that this set- RESIGNATION AS MEMBER OF honoring the legacy of Teddy Roo- tlement proposal will lead to a con- COMMITTEE ON SMALL BUSINESS sevelt, reflecting upon the importance crete result for the victims and their The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- of careful stewardship of our planet. families. These folks have suffered fore the House the following resigna- Mr. Speaker, this is not a partisan since the early 1980’s with the knowl- tion as a member of the Committee on matter, this is not a matter of extre- edge that a product they relied on to Small Business: mism. This is a matter of good sense improve their quality of life actually HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, and good will that all Americans will carried the virus that causes deadly Washington, DC, April 22, 1996. share in. AIDS. For many years, people in the Hon. NEWT GINGRICH, f hemophilia community have charged Speaker, House of Representatives, Capitol that more could have been done to Building, Washington, DC. PRESIDENT CLINTON IS APPOINT- make those products safe. While rec- DEAR MR. SPEAKER: This letter serves as ING JUDGES WHO AGREE WITH my formal resignation from the House Com- ognizing that hindsight is always crys- HIS VIEW OF SOCIAL AND JUDI- tal clear, many experts have concluded mittee on Small Business. This resignation CIAL LIBERALISM is effective as of the date of this letter. that efforts to develop and market Sincerely, (Mr. BAKER of California asked and safer products sooner were not given a BENNIE G. THOMPSON, was given permission to address the high priority in the face of powerful in- Member of Congress. House for 1 minute and to revise and centives to preserve the status quo. extend his remarks.) The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without Mr. Speaker, as Members know, I Mr. BAKER of California. Mr. Speak- objection, the resignation is accepted. have sponsored legislation to provide er, the philosophy of the 1960’s was to There was no objection. compassionate assistance to these vic- ‘‘do your own thing’’ and to ignore the f tims from the Government. It is my consequences. This philosophy has conclusion—and one reached by a dis- ELECTION OF MEMBERS TO CER- crept into almost every institution in tinguished panel of objective experts TAIN STANDING COMMITTEES OF American life, including the law. In- from the Institute of Medicine [IOM] at THE HOUSE stead of dispensing justice, jurispru- the National Academy of Sciences— dence today seems more like a com- Mr. FAZIO of California. Mr. Speak- that Government shares responsibility petition to see which judge or lawyer er, I offer a privileged resolution (H. for this tragedy. The IOM panel out- can come up with the most unusual or Res. 408) and ask for its immediate con- lined the failure of the regulatory sys- creative way to let criminals off the sideration. tem to recognize and respond to the hook. The Clerk read the resolution, as fol- early warning signs of blood-borne Perhaps the clearest evidence of this lows: AIDS. According to the IOM report, the is Bill Clinton’s appointments to the system ‘‘Did not deal well with con- HOUSE RESOLUTION 408 Federal bench. District Judge Harold temporaneous blood safety issues such Resolved, That the following named Mem- Baer, Circuit Judge Rosemary Barkett, as hepatitis and was not prepared to bers be, and, that they are hereby, elected to and District Judge Leonie Brinkema— the following standing committees of the deal with the far greater challenge of just to name a few. All of these judges, House of Representatives: AIDS.’’ Citing the extent to which Gov- Mr. Speaker, have devised new and in- To the Committee on the Budget, Sander ernment officials lacked independent teresting ways to excuse blatant crimi- Levin of Michigan; Bennie Thompson of Mis- analysis of scientific information or a sissippi; to the Committee on Commerce, nal behavior, including armed robbery, strong interest in encouraging develop- Eliot Engel of New York; to the Committee drug dealing, and murder. ment of techniques to make blood on Small Business, Jesse Jackson, Jr. of Illi- Bill Clinton’s record is clear. As a products safer, the IOM report found ‘‘a nois; Juanita Millender-McDonald of Califor- product of the touchy-feely 1960’s, he is failure of leadership and inadequate in- nia; to the Committee on Transportation and willing to excuse criminal activity and Infrastructure, Juanita Millender-McDonald stitutional decision-making proc- is now appointing judges who agree of California. esses,’’ which led Federal officials to with his view of social judicial liberal- ‘‘consistently [choose] the least aggres- The resolution was agreed to. ism. A motion to reconsider was laid of sive option that was justifiable.’’ The the table. f IOM found that the Government ‘‘did f SPECIAL ORDERS not adequately use its regulatory au- thority and therefore missed opportu- HONORING THE LEGACY OF THEO- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under nities to protect the public health.’’ As DORE ROOSEVELT ON EARTH the Speaker’s announced policy of May part of its concluding recommenda- DAY 12, 1995, and under a previous order of tions for changes in the system to pre- (Mr. GOSS asked and was given per- the House, the following Member will vent this type of crisis from recurring, mission to address the House for 1 be recognized for 5 minutes. the IOM panel suggested a compensa- minute and to revise and extend his re- f tion program involving the govern- ment—one similar to that which exists marks.) A POSITIVE SIGN FOR JUSTICE Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, I am proud for vaccines. Well, Mr. Speaker, that is to have with me a group of outstanding The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a what I and 224 of my bipartisan col- high school students from southwest previous order of the House, the gen- leagues in this House—and Senator Florida. They are participating in a tleman from Florida [Mr. GOSS] is rec- DEWINE and four of his colleagues in unique congressional classroom pro- ognized for 5 minutes. the other body—have sought to do with gram designed to examine the role of Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, at the end of the Ricky Ray Hemophilia Relief Fund Government. Today—Earth Day—we last week we learned of a breakthrough Act. This legislation is based on the are heading to Roosevelt Island, a liv- in a long stalemate between approxi- premise that Government has a unique ing monument to a President who de- mately 8,000 American hemophiliacs responsibility for regulating the safety fined the proper role of Government in infected with HIV and the manufactur- of blood products and that Government conservation. In 1907, Teddy Roosevelt ers of blood-clotting products that led failed to live up to that responsibility said: to the hemophiliacs’ infection. News during the 1980s. We have not changed To waste, to destroy our natural resources, reports indicate a settlement offer of our view on that point, even in light of to skin and exhaust the land instead of using $600 million if certain conditions are last week’s welcome news about a po- it so as to increase its usefulness, will result met. This is certainly a welcome devel- tential settlement between the product in undermining in the days of our children opment after years of fingerpointing manufacturers and the victims. It was April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H3657 never our intention to substitute pub- BILLS PRESENTED TO THE Secretary of the Interior to acquire certain lic money for private settlement—but PRESIDENT interests in the Waihee Marsh for inclusion in the Oahu National Wildlife Refuge Com- rather to stand up to a share of the ob- Mr. THOMAS, from the Committee ligation we believe rests with the Gov- plex; with an amendment (Rept. 104–528). Re- on House Oversight, reported that that ferred to the Committee of the Whole House ernment. As Members know, in Japan committee did on the following date on the State of the Union. recently a settlement was announced present to the President, for his ap- Mr. YOUNG of Alaska: Committee on Re- that involves both the industry and the proval, bills of the House of the follow- sources. H.R. 1836. A bill to authorize the Government. The Japanese proposal of- ing titles: Secretary of the Interior to acquire property in the town of East Hampton, Suffolk Coun- fers a significantly larger financial set- On April 19, 1996: ty, NY, for inclusion in the Amagansett Na- tlement than is being discussed in this H.R. 255. An act to designate the Federal tional Wildlife Refuge (Rept. 104–529). Re- country, with the Government shoul- Justice Building in Miami, Florida, as the ferred to the Committee of the Whole House dering 44 percent of the burden. In ad- ‘‘James Lawrence King Federal Justice on the State of the Union. dition, apologies were extended to the Building’’; victims and their families and the re- H.R. 869. An act to designate the Federal f sponsibility of the Japanese Govern- building and United States courthouse lo- cated at 125 Market Street in Youngstown, ment and the blood products companies Ohio, as the ‘‘Thomas D. Lambros Federal PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS was clearly acknowledged. While I Building and United States Courthouse’’; Under clause 5 of rule X an clause 4 commend the blood products compa- H.R. 1804. An act to designate the United of rule XXII, public bills and resolu- nies for their offer to the American vic- States Post Office-Courthouse located at tions were introduced and severally re- South 6th and Rogers Avenue, Fort Smith, tims, I still think it is important that ferred as follows: all parties involved stand up to their Arkansas, as the ‘‘Judge Isaac C. Parker By Mr. BATEMAN (for himself and Mr. obligations and that means we must Federal Building’’; H.R. 2415. An act to designate the United TAYLOR of Mississippi) (both by re- explore Government sharing in the States Customs Administrative Building at quest): compensation. Only in that way will the Yeleta/Zaragosa Port of Entry located at H.R. 3281. A bill to authorize appropria- real justice be reached in the United 797 South Zaragosa Road in El Paso, Texas, tions for fiscal year 1997 for certain maritime States. as the ‘‘Timothy C. McCaghren Customs Ad- programs of the Department of Transpor- ministrative Building’’; and tation, and for other purposes; to the com- f H.R. 2556. An act to designate the Federal mittee on National Security. building located at 345 Middlefield Road in H.R. 3282. A bill to authorize expenditures SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED Menlo Park, California, and known as the for fiscal year 1997 for the operation and By unanimous consent, permission to Earth Sciences and Library Building, as the maintenance of the Panama Canal, and for ‘‘Vincent E. McKelvey Federal Building.’’ other purposes; to the Committee on Na- address the House, following the legis- On April 22, 1996: tional Security, and in addition to the Com- lative program and any special orders H.R. 3034. An act to designate the Indian mittee on Government Reform and Over- heretofore entered, was granted to: Self-Determination and Education Assist- sight, for a period to be subsequently deter- (The following Members (at the re- ance Act to extend for two months the au- mined by the Speaker, in each case for con- quest of Mr. GOSS) to revise and extend thority for promulgating regulations under sideration of such provisions as fall within their remarks and include extraneous the act. the jurisdiction of the committee concerned. material:) f By Mr. MORAN (for himself, Mrs. Mr. BURTON of Indiana, for 5 min- MORELLA, and Mr. DAVIS): ADJOURNMENT H.R. 3283. A bill to require the Adminis- utes each day, on April 23, 24, and 25. Mr. GOSS. Mr. Speaker, I move that trator of the Environmental Protection Mr. PORTER, for 5 minutes, on April the House do now adjourn. Agency to issue a regulation that consoli- 24. The motion was agreed to; accord- dates all environmental laws administered by the Agency and health and safety laws ap- f ingly (at 2 o’clock and 15 minutes plicable to the construction, maintenance, p.m.), under its previous order, the and operation of aboveground storage tanks, EXTENSION OF REMARKS House adjourned until tomorrow, Tues- and for other purposes; to the Committee on By unanimous consent, permission to day, April 23, 1996, at 12:30 p.m. for Commerce, and in addition to the Committee revise and extend remarks was granted morning hour debates. on Transportation and Infrastructure, for a to: f period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of (The following Members (at the re- EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, such provisions as fall within the jurisdic- quest of Mr. GOSS) and to include ex- ETC. tion of the committee concerned. traneous matter:) Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, execu- By Mr. HYDE: Mr. WAXMAN. tive communications were taken from H.J. Res. 173. Joint resolution proposing an Mr. CARDIN. amendment to the Constitution of the Unit- the Speaker’s table and referred as fol- ed States to protect the rights of victims of (The following Member (at the re- lows: quest of Mr. GOSS) and to include ex- crime; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 2434. A letter from the Director, Defense traneous matter:) H.J. Res. 174. Joint resolution proposing an Security Assistance Agency, transmitting a amendment to the Constitution of the Unit- Mr. LOBIONDO. report of enhancement or upgrade of sen- ed States to protect the rights of victims of f sitivity of technology or capability for Saudi crime; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Arabia (Transmittal No. D–96), pursuant to By Mr. FAZIO of California: 22 U.S.C. 2776(b)(5)(A); to the Committee on H. Res. 408. Resolution designating minor- ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED International Relations. ity membership on certain standing commit- Mr. THOMAS, from the Committee f tees of the House; considered and agreed to. on House Oversight, reported that that REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON f committee had examined and found PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS truly enrolled a bill of the House of the following title, which was thereupon Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports of PRIVATE BILLS AND signed by the Speaker: committees were delivered to the Clerk RESOLUTIONS H.R. 3034. An act to amend the Indian Self- for printing and reference to the proper Under clause 1 of rule XXII, Determination and Education Assistance Act calendar, as follows: Mr. LONGLEY introduced a bill (H.R. 3284) to extend for two months the authority for Mr. YOUNG of Alaska: Committee on Re- for the relief of Nancy B. Wilson; which was promulgating regulations under the act. sources. H.R. 1772. A bill to authorize the referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. H3658 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE April 22, 1996 ADDITIONAL SPONSORS H.R. 1023: Mr. HASTERT, Mr. SCHAEFER, and BELL, Ms. SLAUGHTER, Mr. BENTSEN, and Mrs. Mr. MONTGOMERY. ROUKEMA. Under clause 4 of rule XXII, sponsors H.R. 2745: Mr. PAYNE of Virginia and Mr. H.R. 3139: Mr. SCHUMER, Mr. TOWNS, Ms. were added to public bills and resolu- CLEMENT. MOLINARI, Mrs. MALONEY, Mr. RANGEL, Mr. tions as follows: H.R. 2749: Mr. NEY and Mr. BLILEY. ENGEL, Mr. MCNULTY, and Mr. HINCHEY. H.R. 324: Mr. MEEHAN. H.R. 2996: Mr. TORKILDSEN. H.R. 3213: Mr. WALSH. H.R. 447: Ms. DELAURO. H.R. 3002: Mr. LATHAM. H.R. 3246: Mr. TORRES, Mr. STARK, Mr. H.R. 835: Mr. WATTS of Oklahoma, Ms. ROY- H.R. 3107: Mr. WARD, Mr. LEWIS of Georgia, FRANKS of New Jersey, and Mr. RANGEL. BAL-ALLARD, Mr. THOMPSON, and Mrs. COL- Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN, Ms. FURSE, Mr. H.R. 3265: Mr. MCHALE, Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN, LINS of Illinois. MCCRERY, Mr. REED, Mr. LAHOOD, Mr. CAMP- Mr. METCALF, and Mr. HINCHEY. E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 104 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION

Vol. 142 WASHINGTON, MONDAY, APRIL 22, 1996 No. 52 Senate The Senate met at 11 a.m. and was RECOGNITION OF THE MAJORITY will gather to say their final farewells called to order by the President pro LEADER to one of Goodland’s favorite sons. tempore [Mr. THURMOND]. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Much of America came to know able majority leader is recognized. Brook Berringer for his leadership on the football field, and for the role he PRAYER f played in helping to quarterback the Nebraska Cornhuskers to back-to-back The Chaplain, Dr. Lloyd John SCHEDULE national championships in 1994 and Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, today Ogilvie, offered the following prayer: 1995. there is a period for morning business Almighty God, infinite, eternal, and More important than being a cham- until 2 p.m., with the following Sen- unchangeable, full of love and compas- pion on the field, however, is being a ators controlling debate: Senator sion, abundant in grace and truth, we champion off the field. DASCHLE or his designee controlling And in the days that have followed praise You for being the faithful the first 90 minutes, Senator COVER- the tragic death of Brook and his initiator and inspiration of prayer. We DELL or his designee in control of the friend and former Goodland resident need not search for You, because You second 90 minutes. Tobey Lake, countless Kansans and Ne- have found us; we need not ask for At 2 o’clock we resume consideration braskans have testified to the fact that Your presence, because You already are of Calendar No. 201, Senate Joint Reso- Brook was a champion in all aspects of impinging on our minds and hearts; we lution 21, proposing a constitutional his life. need not convince You of our concerns, amendment to limit congressional ‘‘Unassuming,’’ ‘‘modest,’’ ‘‘role because You know what we need even terms. No votes will occur today; how- model,’’ ‘‘a great kid’’; these are some ever, Senators are expected to debate before we ask. What we do need are of the words that Brook’s family, the joint resolution and pending humble and receptive minds. Awe and friends, teachers, and coaches have amendments. A cloture motion was wonder grip us as we realize that You used to describe him. Brook used his filed on the committee amendment on want our attention and want to use us status as a football hero to make a dif- Friday and, under the consent, that to accomplish Your plans for our Na- ference in the lives of others. vote will occur tomorrow at 2:15. Fol- tion. We openly confess the inadequacy He was active in church and chari- lowing that vote there will be a vote on of our limited understanding. Infuse us table activities, and was a dedicated the passage of the health insurance re- with Your wisdom. member of the Fellowship of Christian form bill. So there will be two consecu- Athletes. The week ahead is filled with crucial tive rollcall votes beginning at 2:15. He returned to Goodland often during issues to be debated and decided. Re- In accordance with rule XXII, Sen- his college years to visit with family veal Your will for what is best for our ators have until 1 o’clock today to file and friends, and to provide an inspira- Nation. We yield our minds to think, first-degree amendments and until 12:30 tion to young people. tomorrow to file second-degree amend- and then communicate, Your thoughts. Brook’s tragic death occurred just 2 ments to the committee amendment to Invade our attitudes with Your pa- days before the National Football the congressional term limits resolu- tience so that we will be able to work League draft, in which he surely would tion. effectively with those who differ with have been selected. In a gesture typical Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, was leader us. Help us to listen to others as atten- of this outstanding young man, Brook time reserved? tively as we want them to listen to us. had said that he hoped he would be se- In the midst of controversy keep us The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. lected by Kansas City or Denver, so he unified in the bond of our greater com- THOMAS). It was. The majority leader is could remain close to home. recognized. mitment to be servant-leaders of our Mr. President, as I think about Nation. f Brook Berringer, I am reminded of the famous poem by A.E. Housman entitled As we press on with the work You TRIBUTE TO BROOK BERRINGER ‘‘To an Athlete Dying Young.’’ have given us to do here, we commit to AND TOBEY LAKE The last four lines of that poem read: You the care of loved ones and friends Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, today is a Now you will not swell the rout who need Your physical healing and very sad day in the northwest Kansas Of lads that wore their honors out spiritual strength. In Your holy name. community of Goodland. For today is Runners whom renown outran Amen. the day when much of the community And the name died before the man.

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

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VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3750 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 In countless communities in Kansas Normandy by sweeping the Baie de It was with a great deal of sadness and Nebraska, the name and the mem- LaSeine assault area prior to the ar- that we left on the very day that the ory of Brook Berringer will live on for rival of the assault force. In July he Secretary of Commerce lost his life in years and years to come. conducted an operation which success- a plane crash near Dubrovnik. He and I Mr. President, I know I speak for all fully deceived the Germans into believ- were supposed to have attended a re- Senators, particularly my colleague ing that the main landings for the in- ception the following evening in Za- Senator KASSEBAUM and my two col- vasion of Southern France would come greb, Croatia. leagues from Nebraska, Senator EXON in the Baie del Ciotat. Consequently, I was extraordinarily saddened and and Senator KERREY, in extending our Admiral Bulkeley engaged in a running disturbed by the early reports that we sympathies to the families and friends gunfight with two German corvettes, were given regarding his accident. of Brook Berringer and Tobey Lake. both of which were eventually sunk. There has been no one more dedicated f Admiral Bulkeley also served with to the causes of economic development distinction in the Korean conflict, dur- in troubled countries than the Sec- TRIBUTE TO VICE ADM. JOHN ing which he commanded a destroyer retary of Commerce. There has been no BULKELEY division. Later he commanded the one who has carried the message of new Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, it is with naval base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. opportunities for U.S. business all over deep sorrow I note the passing of Vice Finally, in June 1967, Admiral the world more diligently than Sec- Adm. John Bulkeley. Friday morning a Bulkeley reported to Washington, retary Brown. memorial service was held at Memorial where he headed the Board of Inspec- Last week, I addressed my thoughts Chapel at Fort Myer to honor Admiral tion and Survey, a position he held for with regard to the many extraordinary Bulkeley, and I think it only appro- an unprecedented 21 years. accomplishments of Secretary Brown. I priate that the Senate takes a few min- So I think it is fair to say Admiral will not do so again this morning ex- utes to honor this true American hero. Bulkeley’s life was marked by courage, cept to say that his loss will be Admiral Bulkeley had a long and dis- dedication, and sacrifice. He is a man mourned and his effort will, again, be tinguished military career. However, who loved his country and served it realized for what it was: a major he is best remembered for his service with distinction. We would all do well achievement in peace, a major achieve- during World War II. In August 1941, to emulate Admiral Bulkeley, a true ment in creating new-found opportuni- then-Lieutenant Bulkeley assumed American hero who will be greatly ties for U.S. businesses abroad, and a command of Motor Torpedo Boat missed. major opportunity for countries to con- Squadron 3, which participated in one Mr. President, I suggest the absence tinue to find new ways to work and to of the most spectacular events of the of a quorum. conduct business with the United Philippine campaign. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The States. His peace effort, on behalf of this Lieutenant Bulkeley helped break clerk will call the roll. country and the people of the former through Japanese lines to transport The assistant legislative clerk pro- Yugoslavia, was deeply appreciated. Gen. Douglas MacArthur and his staff ceeded to call the roll. Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I ask And I must say, every place we went, it from Corregidor and Bataan to unanimous consent that the order for was the first issue to be raised with me Mindanao. From there MacArthur flew the quorum call be rescinded. by governmental leaders and others to Australia, where he assumed com- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without who mourned his loss and recognized mand of the Allied Forces in the objection, it is so ordered. his contribution. They expressed the Southwest Pacific. hope that his effort would continue, Shortly thereafter, Lieutenant f that through other people and in other Bulkeley returned to Negros Island and MORNING BUSINESS ways, the extraordinary accomplish- located and transported the President Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, it is ments of the Secretary of Commerce and Vice President of the Philippine Is- my understanding that we are in morn- would be continued. lands through the Japanese lines to ing business. So, while our trip began on a very Mindanao to be flown to Australia. The PRESIDING OFFICER. We are. sad and somber note, our entire delega- For his service in defense of the Phil- The minority leader controls 90 min- tion chose to continue with it, in part, ippines, Admiral Bulkeley was awarded utes. to show the people of Bosnia and the the Medal of Honor. The citation read Mr. DASCHLE. I thank the Presiding entire region that the United States re- in part: Officer. mains committed to the peace and de- For extraordinary heroism, distinguished f velopment effort for which Ron Brown service and conspicuous gallantry above and gave his life. beyond the call of duty, as Commander of SENATE DELEGATION VISIT TO THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA The Dayton accord has meant a lot of Motor Torpedo Board Squadron Three, in things to a lot of countries and a lot of Philippine waters during the period Decem- Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I want ber 7, 1941 to April 10, 1942. The remarkable people, but I think it is fair to say that to touch on a couple of matters this today in the former Yugoslavia there achievement of Lieutenant Bulkeley’s Com- morning. The first relates to the oppor- mand in damaging or destroying a notable exists what is termed a ‘‘cold peace.’’ number of Japanese enemy planes, surface tunity that I had during the recent re- We see a lot of opportunity for those combatant and merchant ships, and in dis- cess to travel to the former Yugo- who have confronted one another po- persing landing parties and land based slavia. I was fortunate enough to travel litically and militarily to find peaceful enemy forces during the four months and with two colleagues who, in the past, solutions, and there has been progress eight days of operations without benefits of have indicated a great deal of interest in that regard. But there is a long, long repairs, overhaul or maintenance facilities in Bosnia and other countries of the way to go. for his squadron, is believed to be without former Yugoslavia, the distinguished As we traveled to all of the countries precedent in this type of warfare. His dy- Senator from Nevada, Senator REID, namic forcefulness and daring in offensive that comprise the former Yugoslavia— action, his brilliantly planned and skillfully and the senior Senator from Utah, Sen- Bosnia, Serbia, the former Yugoslav executed attacks, supplemented by an out- ator HATCH. Republic of Macedonia, Croatia, Slo- standing leader of men and a gallant and in- Our purpose was really threefold: venia—as well as Albania and Hungary, trepid seaman. These qualities coupled with First, to assess the progress of the Day- we could see the tremendous success a complete disregard for his own personal ton accords; second, to examine, as that has been generated, in part by the safety reflect great credit upon himself and carefully as we could, the role of the courageous new leadership in each of the Naval Service. United States military and our Foreign these countries. Admiral Bulkeley’s service did not Service personnel in the implementa- There can be no better success story end there. He went on to further distin- tion of those accords; and third, to as- thus far in this area than what we wit- guish himself in the European theater. sess the longer term issues of democra- nessed in Slovenia: a dynamic private In 1944, while in command of 110 mine tization and privatization as they are sector working daily and weekly to be- sweepers and escorting motor torpedo developing in the former republics of come more a part of the West; eco- boats, he spearheaded the invasion of Yugoslavia. nomic success very evident as we

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3751 walked the streets; political success, tile roofs. The idyllic areas and the ex- graves. Admira’s and Bosko’s grave very evident as we listened to the de- traordinary beauty make all the more will be among them. They were buried bate. tragic the scene there now. together during the week we were Slovenia may be the first and the In all my travels, and having seen all there. Her father expressed both sad- strongest, but there are others, too. the pictures we are provided on tele- ness and exhilaration. Sadness that life We were extremely pleased at the vision and in the newspapers and maga- could be taken from two such young, progress we saw in the former Yugoslav zines and books, there is no way one promising students who could give so Republic of Macedonia, the only coun- could be prepared for the incredible much to their country, but exhilara- try of the former Yugoslavia to make a scene that one witnesses as soon as you tion that, after 3 long years, in peace completely peaceful transition to inde- get off the airplane in Sarajevo. The he could bury them in a permanent lo- pendence. Without a doubt, their devastation cannot be fully appre- cation. peaceful existence today can be tied di- ciated unless you see it with your own He said, ‘‘I was worried that I, too, rectly to a decision made initially by eyes. There is no building untouched. would be killed prior to the time I former President George Bush—and Most buildings are virtually blown could accomplish this task.’’ Admira later carried out by President Bill Clin- away, roads completely destroyed, and Bosko’s story is but one of thou- ton—to send a meager 200 troops along bridges out, buildings without win- sands and thousands of stories just like the Macedonian border. There are now dows, houses without roofs, rubble in that. The number of people buried in 550 U.S. troops stationed there. virtually every direction. mass graves now is estimated to be Were it not for those troops, there is Not only is there devastation, but over 300,000—tens of thousands of peo- no doubt, in my mind at least, that there is danger. We are told there are ple amassed together, their families Macedonia, too, could have been en- more than 3 million landmines planted robbed of even the opportunity to gaged in war. Those troops singlehand- throughout that country. Almost daily mourn for them individually. They are edly stopped the conflict that we see so people become victims of these mines. mourned, but not forgotten. prevalent in so many other areas of the Limbs blown away, lives destroyed, Mr. President, now there is peace. former Yugoslavia. We owe a great given up because those mines continue There is no more war. The shooting has debt of gratitude to those brave people to be so dangerous. ended. People are crossing that bridge who still today patrol the Macedonian Unfortunately, it is hard to describe freely. Life is coming back to the city. border in 10 remote locations for 21 what this conflict has been all about. It One day, in my view, Bosnia and all the days at a time, patrolling, watching, is not over political philosophy. It is other countries that once comprised observing with great diligence the ac- not over economic determinism. It is Yugoslavia can flourish. They can tivity along the Macedonian border. over ethnic differences and flourish, like Slovenia, like Macedonia. The visibility of American peace- ultranationalism, fanned in the flames There is no doubt in my mind that with keepers in Bosnia and at the Macedo- of rhetoric by leaders outside Bosnia. proper political leadership, with the nian border—the knowledge that they Admira Ismic and Bosko Brekic were opportunity to continue to experience are there—has served as a very strong two people who felt the full brunt of some stability, indeed, there is a possi- warning to all countries in the region this ultranationalism and this war be- bility that all of these countries could that we will not tolerate—we will not tween ethnic groups. They lived out- experience democracy. tolerate—the conflict that we have side of Sarajevo, both 25 years old. So, I have four observations in clos- seen elsewhere. Because of that pres- They grew up together, fell in love as ing, having had the opportunity to ence—I must say, only because of the high school sweethearts and decided to travel through this war-torn, yet ex- U.S. presence—we see peace today. go to college together in Sarajevo. traordinarily beautiful area. The first In terms of successful transitions to- They were chemistry students, very is that this President, this administra- ward democracy, much can also be said good students. tion, Assistant Secretary of State for Albania, frankly. The work there In 1992, as they became increasingly Richard Holbrooke, and so many others under President Berisha has been ex- concerned with the thousands and who personally made the contribution traordinarily impressive. I must say, of thousands of weapons raining in on Sa- to achieve meaningful peace in Dayton all countries I have ever visited, none rajevo, they, like many others, asked deserve a great deal of credit. It was has needed democracy and privatiza- for safe passage out of that war-torn courageous. Everyone recognizes how tion more. Under the Communist re- city. They had been given assurances many times others have tried and gime, the construction of more than from both sides that they would be failed, but this worked. This worked, in 600,000 concrete and steel bunkers is given safe passage. They packed their my view, because the United States put evident regardless of where you are. meager belongings as college students, its moral, military, and diplomatic They are ubiquitous reminders of the put them on their backs, and began strength behind it. paranoia of the past, demonstrated walking down a road and across a We would have failed had the United through virtually every aspect of pub- bridge. They were only about halfway States not been willing to commit its lic policy in that country. across the bridge when Bosko was shot credibility, its resources, and its talent It is clear the Albanians have suf- in the back. It was not long after to the task in spite of the political fered a great deal. My generation, that—moments—that Admira was shot, risks involved. This administration those people who were born after the too. They both fell in the middle of ought to be given our gratitude and the war, feeling the full brunt of Com- that bridge, embracing one another; credit it deserves for showing the kind munist rule, a totalitarian dictator- and there they died. of leadership required at times like ship, could not possibly have imagined They were left there in the sun on this. what freedom could now entail. But it that bridge for 8 days, according to As- Second, let me say that we have is freedom they are now enjoying. It is sociated Press reports. Finally, during never been better served by anybody democracy they are now growing. It is the middle of the night, because both than we are now being served by our free enterprise they are now pursuing. sides continued to argue as to who was U.S. military and Foreign Service per- We applaud them in their efforts and at fault, they were buried right next to sonnel. Adm. Leighton Smith, Gen. Bill find remarkable progress in the very the bridge, and there they lay for 3 Nash, our Ambassadors, those who are short time that they have had the op- years. attempting in what has to be some of portunity to pursue that freedom, to During the week we were there, the worst circumstances any of our pursue that new future. Admira’s and Bosko’s bodies were ex- personnel have faced in post-cold-war Perhaps our travels to Slovenia, Al- humed and moved to another cemetery periods anywhere deserve our thanks. bania, and the other republics of the in Sarajevo. We have not been served better. We former Yugoslavia made our visit to Cemeteries carry a special signifi- were told that in Sarajevo for many Bosnia all the more tragic. Bosnia is a cance in Bosnia. You see them every- months Foreign Service personnel were beautiful country, with mountains and where. Soccer fields are now ceme- not only required to work in what were idyllic scenes of winding streams teries; city parks are now the sites of clearly unacceptable circumstances, through small villages of burnt orange thousands and thousands of additional but they were required to live there, to

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3752 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 eat there, to sleep there, to exist there country, ‘‘Tell us why a skeptical IN OPPOSITION TO RIDERS AT- for month after month after month South Dakotan or a skeptical Amer- TACHED TO THE INTERIOR AP- without even the opportunity to leave ican ought to agree that our presence PROPRIATIONS BILL the Embassy. And yet they did so, dem- there is in our best interest. How would Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, today onstrating all the professionalism that you tell him or her that our troops, our is Earth Day. It is a day that many we could probably expect, even as they personnel ought to be there, and what young people and adults across our watched this Congress shut the Gov- is it about the American interests that country take time out to plant a tree, ernment down, and as they attempted would convince a skeptical American clean up a river or a lakeside, and to to explain to those Bosnian nationals that they should stay, at least through make the statement that each of us who were working for the United the end of this year?’’ has a responsibility to pass on a safe, States Government, in particular, why I think the answer, as given on so clean, healthy, and secure environment we could not pay them. They worked many occasions in such eloquent fash- to the generations that come behind anyway. They carried on their mission ion, simply came down to this: ‘‘Only us. as best they could. Mr. President, today I use Earth Day So it was with our U.S. military. In you can make it happen. Only you can ensure that the progress you are seeing to voice my concerns with the many mud that had to have been 10 inches riders that are attached to the Interior deep, in tents and in buildings on top of continues.’’ A Slovenian perhaps said it best when he looked me in the eye as section I of the omnibus appropriations a hill, they tried as best they could to bill that is currently in conference. establish a presence from which to we were discussing this, and he said, ‘‘Let me tell you very honestly, in the These riders, I believe, are not good carry on their operations. Soldiers told policies for today or for tomorrow, and us that one night, after having just short-term there is nothing in it for you—nothing. But in the long term, they certainly go against the concept constructed their tents and established that Earth Day was designed to high- their infrastructure in this base, 80- you who espouse democracy, who have enjoyed it for 200 years, have the op- light. mile-per-hour winds blew it down, blew Mr. President, I am particularly con- portunity to see people who have lived down equipment, blew down tents, blew cerned about three riders that most di- for generations under tyranny, under down virtually everything that was rectly affect my home State of Wash- dictatorship, under communism, now standing. So, again, the next morning, ington. The riders are the limitations breathe freely under democracy. We, with the determination we have come to the interior Columbia basin eco- the small, struggling republics, could to expect from the U.S. military, they system management project, the re- be like you.’’ put it all back, determined to carry out stricted timber salvage provisions, and the mission as only the U.S. military ‘‘What is that worth? How much is the threats to the Lummi Nation. can. that worth to you?’’ Mr. President, let me begin with the As we traveled all through Bosnia Columbia basin ecosystem manage- and all the former Republics of Yugo- He said, ‘‘New little countries are ment project. Most people in this slavia, the one thing we were told over like children: They fight sometimes, Chamber know little about the Colum- and over again is that while it may be often unnecessarily. They need a firm bia basin project. I would like to a 32-country mission, the fact is one hand. They need guidance. They need change that today by explaining briefly country made the difference, one coun- somebody to watch over them as they what the project is and what its cre- try made it happen, one country made struggle to grow. And you—well, you ators hope to accomplish. it all possible. One country had the are like a big brother. You are the only one we’ve got. You can turn away or This project is a joint planning effort credibility, the stature, the power to by the Forest Service and the Bureau bring peace to this region. That one you can stay. It’s up to you.’’ of Land Management to develop a sci- country is well represented by our Mr. President, let us hope these de- entifically sound ecosystem-based military and Foreign Service per- mocracies—these children—continue to strategy for managing the forests and sonnel. grow. Let us hope that the people of the lands of the interior Columbia My third observation is that we must these wonderful little countries con- applaud the people of the former Yugo- basin. Its most salient feature is that tinue to experience democracy and free it is one of the first attempts made in slavia, especially those in Bosnia, for enterprise. Let us hope that as they do, their resiliency, their determination to natural resource policy to get ahead of we have the courage and the dedication the problem, rather than simply react- find peace, tranquility, stability, eco- and the opportunity to make little, nomic vitality, and, yes, a political op- ing to it. Its original proponents, Sen- weak democracies strong ones. That is ator HATFIELD and former Speaker portunity to achieve the same level of what this is all about. democracy as others in the region. Foley, had dealt firsthand with the That determination could not have Let me say it again, were it not for spotted owl controversy and wanted to been more evident. the courage and the commitment of attack the problems of the inland West I thought it was a poignant metaphor this administration, our military, and differently. to be standing on a hill in Sarajevo Foreign Service personnel, little coun- In addition—and this may come as a overlooking two soccer fields. One soc- tries would have no reason to dream, surprise to my colleagues—almost ev- cer field was filled with crosses, thou- would have no opportunity to experi- eryone, from commodity interests to sands and thousands of crosses mark- ence what we in this great country ex- environmental activists, agrees that ing the graves of casualties of the war. perience each and every morning when we have problems with the ecosystems The other soccer field was filled with we wake up. of the inland West. They agree on mud and young boys playing soccer, something. So let us use that con- Mr. President, I see the distinguished sensus to figure out how to manage mud on every inch of their bodies, de- Senator from Washington waiting to termined to play, recognizing that in these damaged or unhealthy lands. We speak. I had another statement, but I need to develop a plan to ensure sus- the field just next to them lay their will wait until she has concluded before former friends and relatives, brothers tainable commodity production, I make that statement. I yield the healthy fish stocks and wildlife popu- and sisters. floor. It is that determination, that will- lations, and protection of ecosystems. ingness to survive it all, to confront it Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, let me That is what the Columbia basin all, that we found in great abundance congratulate my colleague, the minor- project attempts to do. throughout the country. Certainly, we ity leader, for an excellent statement. I Unfortunately, some commodity in- applaud the people in all of these Re- hope that all of our colleagues take terests are afraid of this project. I publics, in all of these countries, strug- time to read it. Certainly, we do stop don’t want to discount their fear, be- gling to achieve democracy, for their and question our role in the world cause I know some businesses have determination and their ability to ac- often on this floor, and I think the been hurt by changing Federal policies complish what they know they can. words that Senator DASCHLE just gave and lawsuits. However, the limitations Finally, Mr. President, we ask fre- to us are words that we all should heed. imposed in the Interior appropriations quently as we traveled through each I appreciate his statement. rider will too severely restrict sound

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3753 resource management, ecosystem res- vage program. Unfortunately, the ma- efforts to develop compromise lan- toration, and decisionmaking. jority voted against my amendment, guage that would serve all parties’ in- At every stage of this lengthy appro- deciding the agencies should not be re- terests; despite repeated opposition priations process, I have tried to im- quired to comply with environmental from leading tribal policy experts in prove the Columbia basin provisions, laws and should be protected from pub- Congress; despite veto threats, as evi- since I knew I did not have the votes to lic challenge of their decisions. After denced in the statement of administra- strike the section. I was successful in the defeat of my amendment, the om- tion policy; and despite the continued two areas. First, we have allowed the nibus appropriations bill went forward progress of negotiations, the provision agencies to spend up to $4 million to with language contained in the chair- remains virtually unchanged. finish this important project. This is a man’s mark designed to solve a few of There is only one purpose for this dramatic improvement over the origi- the problems associated with the tim- provision: to threaten and coerce the nal House bill, which prohibited any ber salvage rider, by only a few. Lummi people. This is the wrong way money from being spent for implemen- Let me be clear. I appreciate the ef- to encourage negotiated settlement of tation of the project and which allowed forts of Chairman HATFIELD to get a controversial, far-reaching, and com- only $600,000 to be spent to complete these modest changes included in the plicated dispute over tribal water the project. timber salvage rider. They move in the rights. I urge the conferees to remove The second important change I right direction, but simply do not go the punitive language and allow the af- fought for was the removal of shackles far enough. fected people and governments to solve from the scientists. The bill had lim- The major flaws with the salvage this problem. ited the scientific assessment to such provisions in the omnibus appropria- Mr. President, some of my colleagues things as forest land management and tions bill are: First, they do not give have argued that the concerns ex- had prohibited study of anything else. the agencies sufficient authority to pressed by the administration have The omnibus appropriations bill now withhold sales and/or suspend har- been sufficiently addressed. While I allows a scientific assessment of the vesting where there is serious environ- agree that progress has been made and entire ecosystem, not just that portion mental damage; second, they extend appreciated the many concessions both of the system primarily affecting com- the sufficiency granted these con- sides have made in the omnibus appro- modity production. troversial old growth sales indefi- priations bill, I want to state clearly So, the Columbia basin project provi- nitely; third, they provide language in that serious concerns, expressed in writing by the administration, myself sions have improved somewhat from the report that attempts to influence and others, remain unaddressed. what the House originally proposed. ongoing marbled murrelet litigation; Mr. President, we are already more However, serious, serious problems re- fourth, they give too much power to than halfway through fiscal year 1996. main. The most wrongheaded provision timber sale contract holders in nego- We need to rid this bill of these three is that shielding many timber sales, tiations; fifth, they restrict the timeli- controversial riders, other mining operations, and other projects ness for buy-one provisions and alter- antienvironmental riders, and others, from Endangered Species Act consulta- native volume; and sixth, they provide such as those addressing individual tion. Any national forest or BLM dis- no money to fund buyouts. transferable quotas for our fisheries trict may, at its discretion, amend the I urge the conferees to work with the and HIV-positive military personnel. plans in place for protecting threat- administration to improve these provi- We need to govern. We need to fund ened fish and wildlife, namely sions because they could provide need- our Government through the appro- PACFISH and INFISH, and thereby ed flexibility on these highly con- priations process and set policy avoid later consultation on potentially troversial and damaging old growth through the authorizations process. harmful activities. sales. We need to provide timber pur- Let us strip these riders and send a This provision is made worse by an- chasers with fair replacement volume clean spending bill to the President— other limitation imposed in the appro- or buy out their contracts as quickly and get on with governing. It would be priations bill: The agencies may not se- as possible and ease growing tensions the right message for Earth Day. lect preferred management alter- in the Pacific Northwest. natives in the draft environmental im- The anger and frustration of many f pact statements or publish a record of citizens concerned about ecosystem UNANIMOUS-CONSENT AGREEMENT decision. These restrictions on imple- health and protection of our forests is Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, I ask mentation of the National Environ- increasing. We must act quickly to unanimous consent that 15 minutes of mental Policy Act thwart decision- avoid harming key watersheds and im- the Democratic leader’s time be re- making about management decisions portant old growth ecosystems. The served for Senator KENNEDY. that affect diverse and wide-ranging time is now. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without species, such as salmon and bull trout. THE LUMMI NATION objection, it is so ordered. It allows individual forests to alter ex- Another provision I continue to op- Mrs. MURRAY. Mr. President, I sug- isting fish and wildlife protections in pose is that preventing the Lummi Na- gest the absence of a quorum. any manner they desire and then es- tion, and potentially other tribes, from The PRESIDING OFFICER. The cape ESA consultation scrutiny on in- exercising their water rights on tribal clerk will call the roll. dividual projects and timber sales. lands. The Lummis and other parties, The assistant legislative clerk pro- Mr. President, sufficiency language including non-Indian landholders, are ceeded to call the roll. regarding the ESA and NEPA is very engaged in negotiations that appear to Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, I popular with this Congress. I believe be going very well. I appreciate the ask unanimous consent that the order for the quorum call be rescinded. that limiting consultation, restricting willingness of Senator GORTON to re- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without public review, and piecemeal manage- move language that would likely have ment of public lands is a bad way to objection, it is so ordered. derailed these negotiations. However, Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, I manage our Nation’s resources. I urge the language still existing in the omni- ask unanimous consent to be recog- the conferees to strip the entire Colum- bus appropriations bill is counter- nized for the purposes of morning busi- bia basin project section. In the alter- productive and simply ignores the his- ness for such time as I may consume. native, the conferees should delete the tory of the dispute. In addition, that The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ESA and NEPA sufficiency language language represents a threat to tribal objection, it is so ordered. The Senator and allow the agencies to select a pre- sovereignty and sets an extremely poor may proceed. ferred alternative and publish a record precedent for government-to-govern- Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Thank you very of decision providing direction regard- ment relations. much, Mr. President. ing the best management alternative. From the day I first became aware of f TIMBER SALVAGE this language I have been trying to re- Last month I offered an amendment move or modify it because I respect EARTH DAY to repeal the timber salvage rider and tribal and local efforts to resolve the Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, replace it with a long-term timber sal- issue. Unfortunately, despite repeated today marks Earth Day. It is a day to

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3754 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 celebrate our past achievements in pro- and the air interact with the metals While early language that attempted tecting the environment. It is also a within the mountain, and it throws off to transfer control of the Mojave to the day, I hope, to rededicate ourselves to sulfuric acid, which then drains into Bureau of Land Management has been environmental protection. the river and metallizes the river dropped, the new rider could be inter- I think, without question, over the banks. This is one of California’s ur- preted to require the National Park last 26 years since the first Earth Day gent priority Superfund sites that Service to approve resource-damaging in 1970, we have made enormous envi- needs cleanup. activities that were previously allowed ronmental gains. We have taken steps Also of particular interest to me and within the Mojave before its designa- to clean up our air and our water, cut to the people of California is the rider tion. That would include off-road vehi- toxic emissions from factories by 50 on the Mojave National Preserve, the cle races, open pit mining, garbage percent—that is in half—and we have newest unit of our National Park Serv- dumps, and uncontrolled use of fire- taken steps to prevent pollution that ice System. The conferees on the omni- arms. threatens our children’s health. bus appropriations bill have agreed to a Many are particularly concerned that I remember when my own city, San revised rider for the National Mojave one of the reasons for this rider is to Francisco, used to pollute the bay and Preserve that, like the earlier versions, permit this kind of open pit mining in the ocean through 40 different outlets is intended to overturn provisions of the New York mountains. all around the city. The water in the the California Desert Protection Act In my legislation, we very carefully San Francisco Bay has been cleaned and strip national park protection for maintain that existing mining uses, up. Dungeness crab has come back to the Mojave National Preserve. The new those with existing permits, would be the bay. And I know that this is appre- rider reinstates multiple-use manage- able to continue, so that no jobs would ciated by all our citizens: Lead levels ment of the east Mojave, management be lost. But apparently there are those in children’s blood has been cut by 70 which allowed open pit mining, cross- who even want to go in and open pit percent. We have worked to protect our country motorcycle racers, and other mine some of the more fragile areas of remaining wild places and to wisely destructive activities to occur in the this preserve. manage irreplaceable natural re- area. This new rider could be interpreted sources. But in spite of these accom- In 1994, Congress overwhelmingly ap- to allow unlimited use of motorized ve- plishments, much, much work remains proved the California Desert Protec- hicles in wilderness areas. The new to be done. tion Act, which I authored, and which rider sets the stage for litigation over According to the Environmental Pro- established the Mojave National Pre- its interpretation, and the new rider tection Agency, 50 million Americans serve. That national preserve was al- limits funding for the Mojave to less every year drink tap water which fails ready a compromise. I would have had than one-half what the Park Service to meet at least one Federal health it a national park, but Congress agreed estimated would be required in FY 1996. standard. About 1 million people each that the Mojave qualified as a national The statement of managers accom- year become ill from drinking unsafe park and should be managed by the Na- panying the rider requires the Appro- tap water, the Centers for Disease Con- tional Park Service under park, not priations Committees to approve the trol reports. multiple-use, regulations. The Desert preserve’s general management plan. Toxic air pollutants need to be regu- Protection Act transferred manage- This gives authority to committee lated to protect public health. Accord- ment of the Mojave from the Bureau of members to dictate provisions of a ing to the Environmental Protection Land Management to the National park management plan for the first Agency, exposure to particulate matter Park Service so the area would receive time in the history of this kind of leg- may result in as many as 70,000 pre- the protection and the care that it de- islation. In sum, it leaves the east Mo- mature deaths each year. In my own serves. jave a national preserve in name only, State, in Los Angeles County, children The National Park Service opened a and no one is fooled by that. actually grow up in Los Angeles with new visitor center and improved law The Mojave has been discussed and reduced lung capacity because of pollu- enforcement. It actually made arrests debated in the House and Senate for 8 tion. and shut down a methamphetamine years now. The California Desert Pro- There are 1,290 toxic sites on the lab, and it improved resource protec- tection Act, which passed in the last Superfund national cleanup priority tion. Visitation to the area increased Congress and was signed by the Presi- list, and they include 96 in my own substantially and motels, restaurants, dent, as I have already stated, was a State of California. One in four Ameri- and other businesses in the nearby substantial compromise. Rather than cans lives within 4 miles of a Superfund communities flourished as a result. carrying out the intent of the legisla- site. These sites must be cleaned up. So Now the Mojave rider on the omnibus tion, which was to have a national pre- we need to move forward. Instead, our appropriations bill seeks to reverse serve under National Park Service past environmental achievements are that decision. The omnibus appropria- management, we see in the omnibus being threatened often by this very tions bill appropriates funding for the appropriations bill further efforts to Congress, by efforts to roll back exist- National Park Service to manage the erode and destroy the Desert Protec- ing environmental laws. Mojave National Preserve, but it re- tion Act. This, frankly, is unconscion- Of immediate concern is the omnibus quires the agency to administer the able. It is absolutely contrary to the appropriations bill which contains area as a multiple-use area before pas- wishes of the people of the State of more than a dozen riders, riders which sage of the California Desert Protec- California. would roll back existing environmental tion Act. In other words, it pretends A Field Institute poll, an objective protection. Many have proposed cuts in that the Desert Protection Act, over- poll, conducted in December of last funds that assist States in providing whelmingly passed by both Houses and year, shows continuing, overwhelming clean, safe drinking water to Ameri- signed by the President, does not really support; 85 percent of Californians sup- cans. They have proposed cuts that exist. port keeping east Mojave a national would affect the Environmental Pro- This multiple-use management per- park—85 percent. In every region of the tection Agency’s ability to enforce the mits a wide variety of development ac- State, people overwhelmingly support Clean Air Act and to issue new stand- tivities which degrades the area’s out- keeping the Mojave as a national park. ards for toxic air pollutants. They have standing natural and cultural re- As we celebrate Earth Day, Congress, proposed cuts in the Superfund Pro- sources. Specifically, the new rider re- I believe, should strip all environ- gram, which would jeopardize cleanup quires the National Park Service to mental riders, including the Mojave of over 400 of the worst toxic waste manage the Mojave under the historic rider, from the omnibus appropriations sites around the country. management practices of the Bureau of bill. That is what Congress can do right One of them is Iron Mountain mine Land Management rather than under now to continue our commitment to in Redding, CA. This is an old vacant the policies and regulations of the Na- environmental protection. chemical mine with a huge hole in it. tional Park Service. I thank the Chair. I yield the floor. The hole is as big as a 30-story office This establishes a dangerous prece- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. building, and when it rains the water dent. BROWN). Who seeks recognition?

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3755 Does the Senator note the absence of We need to embrace opportunities to generations with a clean and healthy a quorum? improve and refine the impressive body environment. Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, I of environmental law that has been de- As Teddy Roosevelt stated nearly a note the absence of a quorum. veloped over the last three decades. century ago, that is truly our patriotic The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ab- In the spirit of that bipartisan leg- duty. It is one I believe every Member sence of a quorum has been noted. The acy, today—Earth Day—I urge my col- of this body can and should embrace on clerk will call the roll. leagues on both sides of the aisle to this day, on all days. The legislative clerk proceeded to embrace their legislative heritage and I yield the floor. call the roll. work to protect and strengthen it. The The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I ask contribution of this generation of law- seeks recognition? unanimous consent that the order for makers to that impressive body of law Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, I the quorum call be rescinded. should be one of thoughtful improve- suggest the absence of a quorum. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ment, drawing upon the lessons learned The PRESIDING OFFICER. The objection, it is so ordered. from past implementation of those clerk will call the roll. The Senator from South Dakota is very laws. The legislative clerk proceeded to recognized. We should continue to search the fab- call the roll. f ric of our laws and seek to repair the Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, I rips and the frayed ends. ask unanimous consent that the order EARTH DAY LEGACY We should seek commonsense solu- for the quorum call be rescinded. Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, Teddy tions to our remaining environmental The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Roosevelt said that, ‘‘Conservation is a problems. objection, it is so ordered. great moral issue, for it involves the In doing so, we should work to find The Senator from Georgia has the patriotic duty of ensuring the safety consensus, as we have even in this par- floor. and continuance of the nation.’’ tisan year with the passage in the Sen- Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, As a result of the translation of that ate, unanimously, of the Safe Drinking parliamentary inquiry. It is my under- ethic into the legislative process, and Water Act and the recently enacted standing that the time from 12:30 to 2 the foresight of our political prede- small business regulatory reform bill. o’clock has been designated to myself cessors, the United States today leads As we stand here on Earth Day and or management; is that correct? the world in efforts to protect the envi- survey the few months remaining in The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ronment. this legislative session, let us resolve ator is correct. Our laws have become models for to keep the fabric of American environ- f other nations’ efforts to grapple with mental law whole. Let us not turn back EARTH DAY AND THE their own air and water pollution and the clock on the accomplishments of a ENVIRONMENT wildlife conservation challenges. And, generation. as a result of this commitment to a In that regard, just on Friday, 41 of Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, as healthier environment, the United our colleagues here in the Senate we all know now, today is Earth Day, a States has succeeded in reversing the joined with me in sending a letter to day dedicated to remembering our course of environmental degradation our majority leader and the Speaker, commitment to the environment, to that we followed for too long. to indicate our strong determination the future, a commitment on the part Today, on Earth Day, rivers and not to roll back the standards affecting of every generation of Americans to as- lakes are cleaner, waste is being dis- clean air; not to weaken the regula- sure that those who come behind us posed in a more secure and responsible tions relating to safe drinking water or will not be jeopardized by contem- manner, and the air most of us breath industrial polluters; not to slow down porary actions and, better, that those contains fewer dangerous pollutants, or stop the cleanup of hazardous waste who follow us will have the opportuni- such as lead. We can rejoice at the sites; not to weaken the community ties to enjoy a healthy environment— progress made. right-to-know laws, such as the toxic an environment in which recreation Congress and a number of Republican release inventory; not to abolish pro- can be pursued, an environment in and Democratic Presidents can and tections for endangered species and all which future generations will not be should take credit for this accomplish- the other efforts that are underway. troubled by the water they drink, by ment. It is our view that we have a suffi- the air they breathe, by the environ- The tangible environmental success cient number of votes to extend debate ment in which they live. this Nation has experienced over the for whatever length of time, if that is There has been a lot of rhetoric in last three decades is one of the reasons required to protect the laws that we this 104th Congress, finger pointing I have been so disappointed by the di- have steadfastly supported over the about who is for the environment and rection of the debate over the environ- last generation. It is our strong desire, who is not for the environment. I do ment in the 104th Congress. our sincere hope, that extended debate not know anybody who is not for an It is as though too many of us have on any of these efforts will not be nec- improved environment; at least I have forgotten the environmental chal- essary, that we can work together to not met them. lenges we have faced and overcome resolve our differences and to continue In all the discussion, though, a little- since President Nixon create the Envi- to build upon the impressive record told story is that this Congress has ronmental Protection Agency and Con- that we have now generated over the passed one of the most historic pieces gress began its legislative journey that last three decades. of environmental legislation in the his- produced: The Safe Drinking Water So, as we stand here on Earth Day, tory of our country. I will quote from Act, the Clean Water Act, Superfund, let us again renew our commitment to F. Graham Liles, Jr., who is executive the Resource Conservation and Recov- work together to eliminate those director of the Georgia Soil and Water ery Act, and the rest of the laws that threats to the environment that we see Conservation Commission. It is a letter make up the canon known as American yet today. Let us eliminate the addressed to me dated April 11, 1996. He environmental law. antienvironmental riders from the ap- says: Collectively, that body of law rep- propriations bill this week, to dem- With regard to the new Farm Bill, I feel resents one of the most important leg- onstrate our commitment to Earth this is probably the strongest conservation acies we will leave our children and Day, to demonstrate our resolve, con- legislation to have been signed in decades. grandchildren. tinuing to build on the impressive I do not believe that, when we were I hope the fabric created by those record that we have achieved. On the considering the farm bill, it was gen- laws will not be stretched and torn. I major environmental laws that are erally acknowledged that that legisla- hope the quality of our environment being reauthorized, let us work to find tion is monumental environmental leg- that results from implementation of ways in which to strengthen those islation that this Congress can take those laws will not be sacrificed to laws, enact new ones where we identify credit for, that it will be a legacy of short-term political considerations. new ones are needed, and leave future the 104th Congress. Yes, the farm bill

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3756 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 does bring about monumental change new trees. That is just Georgia alone; regard and with the intent to partner in marketing reforms, in flexibility in 10,000 acres of new trees. This program with the stewards of the land, these terms of farmer planning, vast savings has put trees on land that would have great protectors of the land, because no in these Government programs. But ordinarily been used for other pur- one has a greater interest in protecting the untold story is the environmental poses. the environment than our farming and effect of the legislation. New programs that were authorized agricultural community. Another general thought—I am going in this bill: This is the stamp that demonstrates to describe some of these achieve- The Environmental Quality Incentive that very fact. ments, but this is the kind of environ- Program, the EQIP program. This is Mr. President, in the debate with re- mental legislation that is logical, that the cornerstone of the conservation gard to environmental legislation, as I in my judgment creates the appro- title for soil and water quality restora- said when I made an opening state- priate balance between the stewards of tion and enhancement. Its highlights ment, there is a lot of rhetoric that fol- the land and public policy. It is charac- are: The program targets $1.2 billion lows the environment. It is often po- terized by a word called ‘‘partnership.’’ over 7 years to assist crop and live- liticized extensively. We do, as I said in I do not think we can say this is the stock producers in building environ- scoping out the word ‘‘partnership’’ case in each of our environmental laws. mental improvements on the farm, in- have to be conscious of a balance be- But here in this new farm bill the con- cluding animal waste facilities, grass tween protecting the environment and cept of partnering, shared responsi- waterways, filterstrips, and other prac- protecting the fundamental rights of bility, working together to produce a tices geared toward land preservation. the owners of our land, of securing an positive result is well rooted in the leg- Mr. President, partnership. Here, appropriate balance in terms of the islation. Therefore, it can become a again, in each one of these titles we see burden and costs of the environmental benchmark, a guide, something to a new roadmap to the work on the en- legislation. We cannot ignore the fact point to in terms of the manner in vironment, working with, as partners that some of our work in the environ- which we should design future legisla- and facilitators, stewards of the land ment has posed great questions for us tion designed to protect the environ- itself. with regard to cost and logic. ment. Farms for the Future Program. This Some of the bureaucrats, some of the Under the farm bill conservation program will provide $35 million to buy regulators, in my judgment, have for- title, as I said, the bill is hailed by easements on prime American farm- gotten this concept we call partner- many, including the American Farm land in areas where they are threat- ship. They are in the business of im- Bureau, as ‘‘the most environmentally ened. Some of the best farmland is parting a word that was more reminis- responsible farm legislation in his- being swallowed by development. This cent of arrogance, bossism, pushiness. tory.’’ In the State of Georgia, the soil program understands that and tries to Let me just give a couple of examples and water conservation commission, as ease the burden of the development. of the kind of thing that I think most I just quoted, calls it the strongest This money will protect our country’s Americans find illogical. conservation legislation to have been best farmland from urban sprawl and There is a gentleman by the name of signed in decades. will preserve it for future generations, Junior Childress. He is from Alabama. Under the conservation title, it reau- as I said a moment ago, trying to pre- He has a radiator repair store. He thorizes the following programs: serve and keep for our future genera- thought he could be environmentally The Conservation Reserve Program. tions historical and environmentally correct and start a nest egg at the Under this program landowners idle sound areas for them to visit and study same time when he took a load of car highly erodible farmland in exchange and review. batteries to Interstate Lead Co. for re- for payments—partnership. This is the Wildlife Habitat Enhancement Pro- cycling in 1985. Here we have a radiator Government working with the stewards gram, the WHEP Program. You have to repairman. He took several batteries to of the land. Under this program soil have an acronym for everything here. the Interstate Lead Co. in 1985 and sold erosion rates in my State of Georgia The WHEP Program will provide $10 them to this other company for the have dropped 50 percent. The Speaker million per year for cost-share pay- monumental sum of $337.50. I repeat, he often refers to producing effect more ments to farmers who improve their sold a handful of batteries to this other than effort. This is effect—reducing wildlife habitat for upland and wetland company for $337.50—an absolutely erosion rates in Georgia by 50 percent. wildlife. Again, partnership, Mr. Presi- legal transaction, normally. And 36.5 million acres of sensitive dent, working with the stewards of the Subsequently—and by subsequently, farmland nationwide is being protected land. This is especially important for I mean 9 years later; 9; a decade later— under the Conservation Reserve Pro- States like mine with extensive bird this company, Interstate Lead Co. was gram. and riparian populations. This is a win- determined to be a Superfund site We hear a lot of discussion about win for naturalists and sportsmen which alleged that they had not man- wetlands and our desire to protect alike. aged toxic material appropriately. them. This new farm bill focuses on The Florida Everglades restoration. They came under the scope of the wetlands. Under this provision of the Congress has resolved to clean up the Superfund cleanup. The problem is that bill, farmers enter into cooperative Florida Everglades by providing $200 the owner of Interstate Lead Co. had easement arrangements with the Gov- million for acquisition, easements, and left the country in the decade and was ernment. Once again, Mr. President, other restoration activities. Congress residing somewhere in Germany. So partnership. Generally, permanent or here, instead of talking, has taken ac- under our new regulatory system they 30-year easements are arranged and a tion by cleaning up the Everglades. go through the transaction records and farmer is compensated. It is a coopera- This method of cleanup will allow find everybody who has ever done busi- tive arrangement. Under these provi- farmers to survive and will repair the ness with this outfit and put them on a sions, we will protect nearly 1 million land in a unique partnership. liability list. If the person responsible acres of wetlands nationwide. So, Mr. President, I reiterate that we for it does not have the resources or Fish and Wildlife Service oversight is have created in this historic piece of has disappeared or died then we start replaced by State technical commit- legislation conservation efforts, efforts going through the records and seeing tees. We are moving the decisions to to protect wetlands and include wet- anybody that ever did business with the States. lands in the reserve. Forestry, the this Interstate Lead Co. The Forestry Incentive Program. planting of new trees, the protection of Lo and behold, 9 years ago, Junior Farmers are provided with cost share environmental quality, the Farms for Childress sold them $337.50 worth of agreements with the Department of the Future Program, wildlife habitat batteries, and because of that, 9 years Agriculture designed to plant trees on and the Everglades—all of these envi- later, finds himself and his family lia- private land. The program is simple— ronmental programs are encompassed ble—liable—for the full responsibility, incentives to plant more trees. In my in the new farm bill. This is a new his- which is $90 million. That is not a very State, we have over 800 participants. toric piece of legislation, not only with good financial transaction—$337.50; We have planted over 10,000 acres of regard to the farm programs, but with now he is on the hook for $90 million—

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3757 he and 900 other people who were inter- and local expertise? Should there be in- in the last 50 years. Americans are liv- acting and selling goods to this com- centives for the private sector to per- ing longer and healthier because of pany. form? Those are the kinds of questions that. We can be very proud of that. This is the kind of illogical conclu- that I think we need to be asking. Both Democrats and Republicans have sion that, in my judgment, has done so There should be questions about the been a big part of this success during much damage to the environment, be- balance between use and the economy the 26 years since the first Earth Day. cause it makes people cynical. It and the environment, and how we have For 18 of those years, there was a Re- makes them lose faith. Everybody who jobs and how we protect the environ- publican President in the White House. reads this story is going to say, ‘‘My ment at the same time. There is reason So we can all share in this movement heavens, what logic could there be in to disagree on those kinds of things. forward on a nonpartisan issue. this? How in the world will we go back There is a question of whether or not However, despite all that we have and unload on this man who sold a there should be congressional oversight done, we still have some things to ad- handful of batteries to this company 9 of the statutes of laws that have been dress, certainly. Unfortunately, we are years ago,’’ and wrap the arms of the passed. Many of them—indeed most of now trying to solve 21st century envi- Government around him and cause him them—passed 20 years ago. Or whether ronmental problems with laws designed to bear the burden of this liability? or not there should be opposition to a quarter of a century ago. One of the I happen to know an individual in my every effort to restructure some of areas in which I happen to be involved own State who is in the business of re- these laws and, indeed, to sort of de- is endangered species. I do not know of cycling, recycling metal, recycling monize every effort as if it is going to anybody that does not want to protect other goods, who has experienced this be gutted or rolled back when, in fact, endangered species. Certainly, I do, and same threat. This company, no need to the effort is to take a look at a bill everybody I know on our committee name it, is 100 years old. It is 100 years that has been in place for 20 years and wants to do that. It has been up for re- old. That family has been doing busi- see if there are better ways to do it, to authorization now for 3 years. It has ness in Atlanta, GA, for 100 years. They see if it could be done more efficiently. not been reauthorized. It is not doing are as good a public citizen as you will That is what it is about. as well as it might be. It is not doing as ever meet. They are committed at I am sorry there has been this sort of well because we need to do something every level of the community. They are politicizing of this issue in this Con- about peer review for science. good citizens. They are good stewards. gress. I think it is appropriate that we I went to a hearing out west, and we They are good business people. Their use Earth Day not just to look at the had scientists from both sides of the company, after a century of operation, past environmental successes but to issue, from lumber people to environ- is at risk, all of their savings, all that look to the future as well. The suc- mentalist scientists, and you would they have built, all that they have cesses have been numerous, to say the never know they were talking about stored, all of their work is at risk, for least. You would not know it by the the same thing. If you want science to an incident just like this. kind of ‘‘Chicken Little’’ rhetoric that be the basis, we need to change that. It is this kind of illogical behavior comes from, I think, environmental ex- We need peer review. We need to set that is at the core of people asking us tremists who would rather scare folks priorities. There is a finite amount of to change some of the way we manage than deal with the facts. I hope we can money, so which of these endangered our pursuit of a sound environment. stick with the facts. We do not do species do we put our money into. Are This man, Junior Childress, my friend enough of that here. There is too much they all equally valuable? I do not in Atlanta, GA, should not be staring overstatement about ‘‘gutting’’ and know. down a double-barreled shotgun called ‘‘rolling back’’ when that is really not We have to do something to encour- the U.S. Government. They simply do what is happening. age private landowners to be more in- not have any liability here. They have Look how far we have come since terested in endangered species. Now, been good stewards. They did things Earth Day in 1970. Our rivers, lakes and frankly, in my State, if someone dis- the way they thought they should be streams are vastly improved. The Poto- covers an endangered species on their done. Yet they are at risk. mac is a good example. It was a waste- ranch or property, they are hesitant to It is this kind of illogical behavior— land 20 years ago, and now families fish know about it, because it might mean this does not help our pursuit of clean- there on the weekends. I suppose we all you cannot use your property for any- ing the environment, Mr. President. come from a little different life experi- thing else. We need to find a way so This hurts. I just described the farm ence. I grew up in Wapiti, WY, which I that private owners can say, ‘‘Let us bill and the logical flow of events be- am sure you all have heard of. It is just work on that.’’ tween stewards and the Government. a post office and a school halfway be- So we have to update these things. That helps. That produces a better en- tween Yellowstone Park and Cody. It is That is what we are seeking to do. But vironment. This hurts. called by some the ‘‘most scenic 50 this year, unfortunately, every time we Mr. President, I see I have been miles in the world.’’ And it could be. In take a look at how we might change it joined by my good colleague from the fact, we had the last place next to the and make it more effective and effi- State of Wyoming. I am going to yield forest, and all around us were wilder- cient, then we are confronted with this up to 10 minutes to my colleague, the ness areas. I do not think there is any- ‘‘we are going to save you’’ idea. Senator from Wyoming. body who has a stronger feeling or a Frankly, the administration has led Mr. THOMAS. Mr. President, I appre- caring for the environment than I do that. Regarding everything that has ciate our colleague bringing us to the coming from there. happened, the President is going to floor to talk today about the environ- On the other hand, you may have ‘‘save you’’ from those crazies in the ment. Certainly, this is Earth Day, and come from a city where there was ex- Congress. we ought to talk about it. cessive pollution, and that is your ex- We have to start using some facts We just have one Earth and one plan- perience. But now our air is cleaner, and we have to start really dealing et. There is more and more of us and according to EPA. Particulate matter with what the issues are. And I hope we have the same amount of space. emissions have been reduced 60 per- that this Earth Day will cause us to Clearly, we will have to pick up after cent. VOC’s have been reduced 25 per- help do that. I think we can utilize the ourselves. I suspect there is no one in cent. Carbon monoxide has been re- vast expertise local people have. All of this body, and indeed, very few any- duced 40 percent. Lead emissions have these efforts will help us. I think there where, who would not agree with that. been reduced by 96 percent. All emis- has to be, obviously, some balance. There are differing views of the best sions have been reduced by a third. There are different kinds of environ- way to do it, of course, to provide a That is great. mental places, of course—parks and healthy environment. There are ques- Wildlife populations are increasing, wilderness and forests—and many of tions of who should do it. Should it be such as the bald eagle, white-tailed those things should be set aside for sin- left entirely to the central Govern- deer, elk, moose, bighorn sheep, and gle use. But the vast majority of Fed- ment, to the Federal Government? wild turkey. Simply put, the environ- eral lands should be managed for mul- Should we take advantage of the State ment is cleaner now than at any time tiple use. I am thinking about the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3758 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 West, particularly, because that is and the 4 years that I served in the Col- through Fort Collins and through Gree- where I am from. Those are multiple orado State Senate. ley just below the areas that are des- use lands and we can find a balance be- I was a sponsor of Colorado’s con- ignated as wild and scenic. tween jobs, the economy, and pro- servation trust fund, a measure that It is a wonderful opportunity because tecting the environment; I am con- set money aside to be used to purchase through land exchanges—that is, tak- fident of that. It does not have to be open space, preserving it for future ing land that is declared surplus in the one or the other. That is what we are generations. We, in Colorado, prize our State owned by the Federal Govern- seeking to do. environment and our open space and ment and exchanging it for ownership Superfund legislation. I am, frankly, are determined to make sure we do not in the flood plain—we can preserve the disappointed. It is designed, of course, repeat the mistakes of the east coast area in the flood plain along an impor- to clean up sites that have hazardous and west coast, as they have seen cities tant stretch of river that, if no action waste. We have spent billions of dol- grow together without adequate open is taken, will become city within two lars, mostly that comes from a tax, to space. It could only be done through a to three decades. Literally, we have the do that job. Do you know what most of positive program. That is why the Col- chance to do what they wished they it has gone for? Litigation. Lawyers orado trust fund was such a monu- had done in New York or what they and courtrooms. That is where the mental effort—not because the money wished they had done in San Francisco money has gone. A great deal of it is as great as we would like—it is not, or what they wished they had done in comes from insurance policies for peo- but it is growing. It represents a posi- Los Angeles—leave open space and ple involved. Someone said that nearly tive step for the environment. Instead beauty. 90 percent of that money has gone to of saying ‘‘no,’’ we can say ‘‘yes.’’ Mr. President, I have been shocked at legal activities, not cleaning up the I am convinced that real environ- the very partisan nature of some of the sites. That is what we really need to mental progress is going to be a prod- attacks by Democratic Members on do. uct of saying ‘‘yes,’’ of thoughtful and this floor upon Republicans. I cannot So there has been a status quo oppo- assertive action that does positive help but reflect that this bill, which sition almost at every turn. I hope we things, not just negative things. I am a has unanimous support at home from get by that. I think there has been sponsor of the minimum stream flow both Democrats and Republicans, ap- some deliberate misleading of people. statute, sought to recognize minimum pears to be in jeopardy of dying simply This idea of somehow we are going to stream flow as a proper use of water because of the actions of the Demo- poison the children is silly. I am just as and recognize it as a property right in cratic Senator from New Jersey, who interested in my children as Carol the State. It is a fundamental step to- put a hold on the bill for months and Browner is or as Vice President GORE ward adding minimum stream flow to months, and may well have achieved is. So we ought not to be talking about all of our streams. killing it. It is an environmental bill. I that. Some of that stuff is downright Mr. President, on the national level, must say I cannot understand the ac- misleading. one of the most enjoyable things I have tion of that Democratic Senator and The idea that one political party done are three additions to the Rocky why he would want to kill it. But to cares more about the environment Mountain National Park. The Rocky claim that interest in the environment than the other is laughable. We all live Mountain National Park is perhaps one falls along partisan lines is just silly. here together. We need to make some of the most beautiful areas in the en- It is widely shared by all Americans, changes. I hope we can upgrade the tire world, and it attracts literally mil- and it is why we honor this day. Superfund in the next few months and lions of visitors every year. I am convinced that we have to take that we can do something about the Tragically, in recent years, Demo- strong, bold, affirmative action if we Endangered Species Act, Clean Water cratic Congresses have dramatically are to do our part. Simply saying no is Act, and the Safe Drinking Water Act. increased the cost of entering the park not enough. We are ready to do that. We need to get so that it becomes a preserve for only Mr. President, most important of all, the bogeyman out of the closet and those who can afford to enter it rather refusing to look at the statutes that quit talking about the sky is falling than the poor. It has been a tragic mis- have been passed with an eye to im- and take a real factual approach to take, in my view, because Democratic proving them is not enough either. No making these things work better. We, Congresses’ actions have served to re- one can look at the Superfund and not indeed, can do that. strict young people who may not be be ashamed of what has happened. So, Mr. President, thanks to the ef- wealthy from having an opportunity to Ninety percent of the money that was forts of lots of folks in this country, visit that park. Our natural wonders of spent on the Superfund, money de- thanks to the efforts of people who beauty, I believe, should be available signed to clean up our environment, is care about the environment, the sky is to all Americans. spent for lawyers and process costs. not falling, it is in pretty good shape. Mr. President, I am the sponsor in That is a disgrace. Anyone who comes We need to take care of it. We have Colorado of the only wild and scenic to this floor and decries the efforts to some responsibility. Every citizen has river, the Cache La Poudre River. It reform Superfund simply has not taken some responsibility and we can do that. was with great pride that we put it to- the time to look at it or does not genu- I am glad it is Earth Day. I look for- gether. It was a compromise between inely care about the environment, and ward to this country being in even bet- those who use the river and those who I know that cannot be true. ter shape next Earth Day, and all of us enjoy it from an environmental and The reality is we need to use that need to contribute to do that. scenic point of view. It set aside areas money in the Superfund to clean up the I yield the floor. where water storage can be added, environment—not simply pay lawyers. Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, I which is important for preserving our The actions with regard to environ- thank my colleague from Wyoming, water quality and our water flow in the mental reform should not be dictated and I appreciate his remarks. The State. But it also set aside specific by trial lawyers who donate large exact figure on the Superfund is $25 bil- large portions of the river for wild, rec- amounts of money to political cam- lion that has been spent, and we have reational, and scenic uses. paigns. They ought to be dedicated in corrected 12 percent of the problem. So Mr. President, I am the sponsor of our interest and our need to reform and that is an issue in and of itself. three studies on the Cache La Poudre improve the environment. At this point, I yield up to 5 minutes River examining a portion of the river Mr. President, I yield the floor. to the Senator from Colorado. to be included as a national heritage [Disturbance in the Visitors’ Gal- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- area. Before this Congress right now is leries.] ator from Colorado is recognized. a bill that I have worked on for more The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, I rise than a decade. The Cache La Poudre Chair will note that no demonstrations with great pleasure on Earth Day. En- River National Water Heritage Area are allowed from the galleries. vironmental legislation has been one of bill is one that will set aside the flood Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, I the most enjoyable areas of legislation plain of the Cache La Poudre River as yield 10 minutes to the Senator from in the 16 years I have had in Congress it flows down from the mountains Utah.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3759 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- These can be resolved by careful imple- Natural Resources Committee when ator from Utah. mentation of coordinated resource someone came before that committee HOLISTIC RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, EARTH DAY management. for confirmation. I will not identify 1996 Using the best efforts of local people, him because I do not want to embar- Mr. BENNETT. Mr. President, I am private landowners, interested Federal, rass him. The exchange that occurred delighted to join with my colleagues in State, local and State agencies, CRM between him and the then chairman of commenting on Earth Day and, I hope, integrates and coordinates resource the committee, the Senator from Lou- adding some information and perspec- uses to accomplish specific goals. The isiana [Mr. JOHNSTON], speaks for itself tive to the debate on Earth Day that process is designed to achieve com- and does not need to necessarily be per- will move in the direction that will be parability between land and resources sonalized. good for our country as a whole. uses. There are a number of success In the process of the confirmation Mr. President, I appreciate the oppor- stories world wide where CRM has been hearing, Chairman JOHNSTON said to tunity to speak on this 26th anniver- used to solve resource management this man, somewhat startling me, sary celebration of Earth Day. Many issues. In my State, one of the notable ‘‘When you make your decisions on the natural factors influence grazing on examples is the Desert Ranch in north- environment, will you make those de- western public lands, with precipita- eastern Utah. Once a ranch troubled by cisions on the basis of sound science or tion or the lack thereof probably being apparent downward trends in forage superstition?’’ Well, I sat there as a the single most important one. With- production, conflicts with wildlife, in- new member of the committee and out moisture, and specifically, mois- cidents of extreme erosion, and de- thought this is a very easy question to ture falling at the correct time, the graded riparian areas, it is now a model answer. I wondered why the chairman amount of potential forage can be se- of natural resource management effi- raised it. Then I heard the response verely impacted. We can try but there ciency. After implementing a holistic from the witness. He started to give all is usually little, outside of asking for or coordinated resource Management kinds of discussions about consider- divine intervention, that humans can plan, the ranch now graze more live- ations that had to be examined and do to influence natural events. But we stock than it has traditionally and pro- constituencies that should be heard can change perceptions about public duces some of the finest big game hunt- from, and so on. Chairman JOHNSTON land grazing. We can manage the con- ing in the West. Cattle have been used interrupted him. He said, ‘‘You are not flict that arises based on these percep- at such intensities as to make tradi- answering my question. When it comes tions. Never before in the history of tional private and public land range to issues of the environment, will you this country has there been an issue so managers blanch. In most instances make your decisions on the basis of several hundred more cattle than nor- divisive, emotional and surrounded by sound science or superstition?’’ The an- mal graze pastures, which rebound perception, myth and hysteria as the swer came back in the same mode, that with dramatic increases in forage pro- issue of western public land grazing. there are many constituencies of the duction. Riparian areas have improved Yet there are solutions; solutions that Department of Energy and the con- significantly, after being grazed at can solve conflict through planning, stituencies have to be heard. A third such intensities, to the point that science, consensus, and shifting from time Chairman JOHNSTON stopped him streams are stocked by naturally and asked the question. ‘‘Do not evade traditional paradigms. breeding populations of trout instead I speak to you today about a solution it. Give me a direct answer. Will you of the Utah Division of Wildlife re- that has my support. It blends new make your decisions on the basis of sources. Compare this to adjacent pub- ideas about natural resource manage- sound science or superstition?’’ For the lic and private lands where decreases in ment, planning and science with a third time the answer started to come the numbers of livestock are almost healthy dose of old-fashioned hard out, and the chairman cut him off, and annual, and where erosion and over work and common sense. Coordinated said, ‘‘It is clear that you do not want grazing impact riparian areas and their resource management is not about the to answer the question, and we will value. Why this dramatic difference? management of grazing; any issue that Hard work, vision and a coordinated re- move on.’’ I was sufficiently disturbed by that. has polarized western public land man- source management plan. There are But when it finally came my turn to agers, public land users and law- many other successes, especially tied question the witness, I said to him, makers. CRM is a process that offers to grazing. But the value of CRM is ‘‘Do you realize what this Record says solutions to natural resource problems, that the process can be applied to al- as it currently stands? You have been requiring the cooperation of land- most any resource management issue asked three times by the chairman of owners, Government agencies, and including the designation of wilder- this committee, a senior member of the other interested individuals and ness. groups. Coordinated resource manage- CRM addresses the dilemma of man- Democratic Party, a major figure in ment is a voluntary and cooperative aging areas with multiple use owner- the party that controls both Houses of solution to natural resource manage- ship, conflicting management objec- Congress, and the administration, that, ment issues. CRM is based on the work tives and requirements, conflicting ‘Will you make your decisions on the of many, but notably the work of Allan land-use demands and off-site impacts. basis of sound science or superstition?’ Savory culminated in his book ‘‘Holis- The overall goal of coordinated re- and each time you have failed to an- tic Resource Management.’’ source management is to serve as a ve- swer. Unless you do answer that, the Conflict about management and use hicle to reach agreement on natural re- Record is going to stand quoting you as of western public lands has festered for sources issues that will improve nat- saying you do not believe that sound years especially over multiple uses on ural resources values for all users and science should rule over superstition lands managed by the Bureau of Land to promote quality natural resource when it comes to the environment. Do Management. This low profile agency, management through collaborative ef- you really want the Record to show often overlooked by most Americans, forts. In other words, if people come to that?’’ At that point he said to me, has become the focus of intensive bat- the table with the goal of reaching con- ‘‘Well, no, Senator, I do not want the tles over the variety of uses it man- sensus, regardless of the diversity of Record to show that. Of course we will ages. Western public lands have gone agendas, many natural resource con- pay attention to science.’’ I said, ‘‘That from being the lands that no one want- flicts can be solved and perceptions is the point that gets lost in all of this ed, to lands targeted by special interest changed. I support the concepts of CRM debate about the environment. We have groups for designation or special uses. and encourage the use of the process to a number of misconceptions about the This has been done without regard for solve natural resource problems. We environment to make us feel good, and traditional uses of the land and the can set a goal to use the coordinated I am delighted that you have finally families and industries that have resource management process as a dy- made it clear that at least in your area adapted to the use of these lands. Con- namic, long-term tribute to Earth Day under your jurisdiction environmental flict between users perceptions about 1996. decisions will be based on sound management and the future of western I remember as a freshman Member of science instead of response to the su- public land agencies are the issues. this body sitting on the Energy and perstitions that are going around.’’

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3760 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 That particular exchange, long since tation is tamarisk, but most of the The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. passed into history, has stuck in my vegetation is cottonwood, shrubs, and GREGG). The Senator from Wyoming is mind. I repeat it here on Earth Day be- grasses indigenous to Utah. Tamarisk recognized. cause I think that is the crux of the is not a weed. It is a tree that was im- Mr. KEMPTHORNE. I thank the various controversies that we are in- ported ironically for soil conservation Chair. I wish to thank the Senator volved in when we talk about the envi- reasons. The tamarisk was planted to from Georgia very much for his leader- ronment. prevent erosion. ship as we debate this issue. Let me address one of the misconcep- Now, if we adopt the notion that ev- Mr. KEMPTHORNE. Mr. President, tions that I find as I go around and erything nature does is perfect and ev- today, as we celebrate Earth Day, we talk to people about the environment. erything we need to do should be should stop to consider our air, the That is the notion that Nature is per- geared toward preserving things in quality of life, and the world we will fect, human beings are despoilers, Na- their absolutely natural state, we run leave our children. And because of the ture does things in an orderly way, and into a very serious problem. That prob- lessons that he taught that we should human beings just mess things up. lem is this: Nature is not constant. Na- pass on to our children, this is the That, I think, is the misconception ture changes the face of the land all right occasion to look back on the leg- that surrounds this whole environ- the time. acy of Teddy Roosevelt, a great Repub- mental debate. Secretary Babbitt has just spent 4 lican, a true conservative, who first I sat in the chair one evening during days walking along the C&O Canal to taught America the importance of con- the debate on the grazing bill, and the try to raise our awareness of Earth servation. Under President Roosevelt’s senior Senator from Wyoming, Senator Day. Why the C&O Canal? Because stewardship, America first endorsed SIMPSON, showed us some photographs. with one storm, nature devastated the the wise use of our natural resources, I was sufficiently impressed by that. I C&O Canal. It was all scenic, protected, established the National Park System, think we ought to take a look at them and preserved, but nature came along and preserved for all time the great again. I brought them along. and after one storm, with the winter Yellowstone National Park. It so happens that over 100 years ago, floods the C&O Canal was devastated. In a message to Congress on Decem- If you go back to my home State of in 1870, a photographer went out in Wy- ber 3, 1907, President Roosevelt said: oming and started to take pictures of Utah and say we want our land to re- main in the condition that nature de- To waste, to destroy our natural resources, the magnificent scenery that is avail- to skin and exhaust the land instead of using creed that it should be, the argument able in Wyoming. it so as to increase its usefulness, will result Here is the photograph taken on Au- could be made that the entire State in undermining in the days of our children gust 12, 1870, of a particular vista in should be under water. There was a the very prosperity which we ought—by Wyoming. In 1976, a photographer went time—and it can be demonstrated by right—to hand down to them amplified and back to the same spot and took a pic- the geologic features along the benches developed. ture from the same location. around the Salt Lake Valley, and President Roosevelt’s words are as If you will examine the difference, throughout the mountains, that Lake true today as when spoken 90 years you will see that under wise manage- Bonneville, as we call it, once covered ago. We Republicans can be proud of ment by human beings, the grasses are most of the State of Utah and southern President Roosevelt’s heritage, but as much healthier, the area and vegeta- Idaho. It was bigger than any of the a nation we must implement President tion is much lusher. Human beings, in- Great Lakes—bigger than Lake Michi- Roosevelt’s vision of leaving our chil- gan or Lake Huron or Lake Superior— stead of despoiling the ground, have in dren an environment and an economy it was a huge body of inland water. fact improved it. better than that which we inherited. Is it not wonderful that nature has The Senator from Wyoming had a We are all environmentalists. We created this magnificent, inland, fresh- number of such pictures. I have have to be. Who can be against our life water sea? And then something hap- brought along two of them. Here is an- support system? Our own personal ex- pened. Nature changed it. One day, in other one. Here is the 1870 photo- periences make the environment an southern Idaho, up by Lone Rock, the emotional issue. All of us have great graph—pretty barren, pretty bleak. lake burst its banks and an outlet to Here is the 1976 photograph, 100 years stories of the outdoors. that freshwater sea was created. It Being from Idaho, I can tell you that later—much healthier vegetation, started, over the many millennia, to much healthier conditions. I have had some tremendous trips down disappear. the white-water rapids where, as you In the debate on the Utah wilderness What we have remaining in Utah now begin to hear the first roar of the rap- bill, I produced this photograph for our is another magnificent gift of nature. ids, you are filled with anticipation, colleagues to see. This is not 100 years. It is the Great Salt Lake. The salt flats This is only 50 years. The Escalante to the west of the lake are the rem- and then when you make it through River in 1949. You can see how barren nants of Lake Bonneville which over those rapids the exhilaration that you this is. After 50 years of wise manage- the millennia. In that area now you feel camping under the majesty of the ment in the area, you can see now that have this unique natural phenomenon canopy of ponderosa pines, with the this area is revegetated. called the Bonneville Salt Flats cre- full moon above. I showed this in Utah during the ated by nature. If we are going to say I know the great splendor of Idaho’s Easter break, and I was attacked by that in the name of the environment Sawtooth Mountains, and I wish to some people who said, ‘‘Senator, just we must preserve nature as it was, we leave my children a legacy of conserva- because its pretty doesn’t mean its wil- have to go back to the boundaries of tion of which they can be proud. derness.’’ Lake Bonneville and try to find some Before coming to the Senate, I served They pointed to the lower photo- way to fill it all up with water again as mayor of Boise, ID. Boise is graced graph and said, ‘‘That’s a violation of because that is what nature once had. with the Boise River. This river serves nature because,’’ Senator, ‘‘you’re not The fact of the matter is—and this is many uses. It provides about a third of smart enough to know this. We are. sound science, Mr. President—nature our drinking water. It serves as a Some of that vegetation down there is changes. It changes daily. It changes major recreational and fishing amen- not indigenous to Utah. These trees over the years. It changes in ways that ity, and it provides habitat to many di- that ended up here came from outside are good, and, as the C&O Canal, it verse species. of Utah. It’s a violation of the purity of changes in ways that are bad. How many cities in America can this wilderness to have Asian species in Our responsibility as proper, sound boast of bald eagles and blue heron just that area.’’ stewards of the land and environment 5 minutes from the center of down- I went back to some land managers is to make intelligent decisions and town? Boise is fortunate, but Boise is to ask them about that, and they said, not get carried away with superstition, not unique. From the Puget Sound to ‘‘Yes, there is some tamarisk there. nor rely on misconceptions as fact. the Everglades, this country is blessed Some of the green vegetation around Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, I with some of the most magnificent nat- the river area—you see no vegetation yield up to 15 minutes to the Senator ural and scenic treasures on the planet. whatever here—some of the green vege- from Idaho. We are also blessed with the largest

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3761 and most vibrant economy on the plan- river is a blue-ribbon trout fishery, re- that will actually preserve endangered et. We must preserve these gifts of vered by fly fishermen from across the species, improve their habitat while economy and environment. world for is crystal clear water and tro- recognizing the legitimate needs of If you have a high-paying job but you phy rainbow and brown trout. But the people and making the act work. This live in a community where the air and farmers in Fremont and Madison Coun- is a goal that we can all share. the water is polluted, weeds and trash ties need the water from the Island My view is that too often the inter- have overrun your parks, you do not Park Reservoir also. They need the pretation and the implementation of have quality of life. But conversely, if water to irrigate their acres of pota- the Endangered Species Act has gone your community enjoys clean air, toes and barley. A great number of Ida- far beyond the original intent. The En- clean water, beautiful open spaces, but ho’s famous potatoes are grown in this dangered Species Act should not be a you do not have a job and you cannot region, and those crops help sustain tool that places entire communities at provide for your children, then you do the economy of that part of Idaho. risk by threatening their economic sur- not have quality of life either. So, our Finally, after years of fighting, the vival. At the same time, we cannot challenge is to reach that balance be- Fremont-Madison Irrigation District turn our backs on the efforts to save tween a clean environment and a sound and the Henry’s Fork Foundation fly endangered species. economy. I believe that we can. In fact, fishermen realized that while they ar- For now, though, this Endangered this Senate has already taken major gued, the quality of the resource that Species Act, on its present course of steps to make that happen. they both so desperately needed was heavy regulation, putting people at I am proud of the work that we did deteriorating. So they put aside their risk, is not working. To single out indi- on the Safe Drinking Water Act reau- differences and they started working vidual communities to carry the full thorization. Working in a bipartisan together for the common good. brunt of recovery of an endangered spe- way, we passed a bill that is strong on It has worked. Last summer, for ex- cies when the entire national commu- public health protection; in fact, we ample, when the water temperatures nity is the beneficiary is wrong. But to ought to call it the ‘‘safer’’ drinking soared and threatened the fish, the say that the extinction of a species is water act. It takes into consideration irrigators voluntarily agreed to release no big deal and just the luck of the the costs of providing clean and safe the water from the dam, filling the draw of that particular species is also water. streambeds with cold water and saving wrong. The extreme entities that The Safe Drinking Water Act should the fish. Before this cooperative agree- would advocate both positions, in all serve as a model for accomplishing ment, it might have taken weeks of ne- honesty, probably deserve one another, sound environmental law. Everyone gotiations and miles of redtape before on some remote desert island where the had a seat at the table and a say in anything was done. only way they will survive is to help drafting the legislation. The environ- I will add that the Federal Govern- each other. mental and public health advocates, ment is a partner in this sort of situa- So, what is right? Should we make water utilities, States, cities, counties, tion—the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv- concerted efforts to save species? Abso- lutely. Can we prioritize which species businesses, all worked cooperatively on ice, the Forest Service, the Bureau of we should make greater efforts to- the bill. Republicans and Democrats Reclamation, the Natural Resources wards? We must. Can we do this with- put aside partisan politics for the good Conservation Service. But the key is it out undermining private property of the Nation. was the local parties that got together rights and putting whole communities As a result, the Senate passed the and found the solution—local people, at risk? We had better, or the outcry Safe Drinking Water Act 99 to 0, and local solutions. against the act will kill it. everyone in this Chamber can be proud In another pristine part of Idaho, in- Reauthorization of the Endangered of that legislation. That is an example dustry has taken the lead in environ- Species Act is, without question, one of mental protection and restoration. of a bill that improves public health the most politically polarized issues Potlach Corp. has voluntarily set aside and safety and leads to good quality of that we will ever deal with. It may also valuable forest land along Mica Creek. life. It is good for the environment, and be one of the most important environ- I have been to that location. I took it is good for our communities. mental issues for us and for our chil- There were lessons learned during with me the chairman of the full Envi- dren. As lawmakers, we have a duty to the 10 months we negotiated that bill, ronment and Public Works Committee, rise above the rhetoric. So, let us get and those lessons will serve us well as Senator JOHN CHAFEE. The goal of the real and let us get practical. we look at other environmental issues. Mica Creek project is to establish base- A lot has changed since the Endan- One key was the active participation of line management data surrounding gered Species Act was enacted in 1973. State and local governments. Who natural events and conditions. The For one thing, scientists have made knows better what each community project is proof that there are so many, tremendous advances in every dis- needs, a local leader or a Washington many businesses in this great land of cipline. Biology, botany, genetics, and bureaucrat, who quite often has never ours who want to do the best possible other sciences are much more sophisti- been to your State or your commu- job that they can to protect and even cated than they were 23 years ago. But nity? Believe me, as a former local offi- enhance the environment. And just as the rules and the regulations of the En- cial, I had much more confidence in my in the case of Mica Creek, they did not dangered Species Act have not changed city’s ability to meet its needs than need Government to tell them to do to keep up with the science. So we need any orders from Washington, DC. this. They did this on their own, be- to acknowledge the advances and use True, Congress must set national cause they know it is the right thing to them to balance an improved Endan- standards, but we should allow local do. gered Species Act. and State governments the flexibility Local people, local solutions—they Untold millions of dollars have been to let those standards work in their can also help with other monumental spent to save species with very few re- specific situations. The only way to do tasks facing Congress, tasks such as sults. Of the more than 1,500 species of this efficiently and economically is by the Endangered Species Act. plants and animals that have been bringing the local leaders and the There is a growing recognition in qualified for protection in the 23 years State leaders into the process. We this country that the Endangered Spe- the law has been in effect, only 20 have should also let local communities solve cies Act must be reformed. Last year I been removed from the list, either be- their problems without the burden of introduced legislation to improve the cause they have gone extinct or were Government redtape. Endangered Species Act, to make it placed on the list by mistake. Only six One example is the Henry’s Fork Wa- more effective in recovering species can be claimed as successes under the tershed Council in northeastern Idaho. and to make it more fair. Last month Endangered Species Act, and even they The council grew out of years of con- I began bipartisan discussion with my were largely recovered due to the ef- flict between fly fishermen and colleagues on the Environment and forts of private conservation groups. irrigators. Each group had what they Public Works Committee and the ad- One such group is the Peregrine Fund believed to be legitimate claims to the ministration with the goal of devel- at the World Center for Birds of Prey waters of Henry’s Fork system. The oping a bill over the next few weeks in Boise, ID.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3762 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 The efforts of this private group has With that, Mr. President, I yield do better by the taxpayers, too. And so led to a proposed delisting of the per- back the remainder of my time. they have asked this Congress to find a egrine falcon. Just 20 years ago, there Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, at better balance, a ‘‘different shade of were only 39 known pairs of peregrine this time, I yield up to 10 minutes to green’’ for Earth Day, 1996. falcons in the lower 48 States. Today, the Senator from Minnesota. Over the past two decades, the Fed- recovery and reintroduction efforts The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- eral Government has worked toward have produced nearly 1,000 pairs. More ator from Minnesota. better environmental protection by than 81 percent of the falcons released f passing new legislation and imposing have reached independence. The suc- necessary new regulations. But in our EARTH DAY, 1996: A DIFFERENT cess of the Peregrine Fund should be a zeal to protect the environment, we SHADE OF GREEN model for reforming the Endangered have often neglected to consider the se- Species Act. If at all possible, we want Mr. GRAMS. Mr. President, on a day rious, unintended consequences of the to avoid putting species on the endan- set aside to recognize the importance actions we are taking here in Wash- gered list. We would like to take them of protecting our environment and pre- ington. off, and the only acceptable way is serving our natural resources, I am We have cleaned up neighborhoods by through recovery. This cooperative ef- pleased to join with my colleagues in clamping down on pollution, but we fort shows that we can use good science this frank discussion of the substantial have handcuffed job-providers from and manage a species early in its de- progress we have made and the steps finding better ways to achieve the cline and bring about these kinds of re- we have yet to take. same results. sults. We can recover species, and the But first, it is important to recognize We have sought out and protected work of the Peregrine Fund shows that that environmental protection is not a wetlands and other unique environ- if Government will provide incentives partisan matter. It is not about Repub- mental areas, but we have often com- and then get out of the way, that we licans or Democrats. This is one issue mandeered people’s land, without com- can, through innovation and good which should bring us together, be- pensation, to do it. science, achieve the very results that cause on this issue, we share the same We have demanded a great deal of the all of us applaud. goal: We all want a clean America, American people through our environ- I envision an Endangered Species Act where our children can breathe clean mental regulations, but we have for- that uses good science, innovation, in- air and drink clean water. And there is gotten about the burdensome costs and centives, and, where necessary, public not a man or woman in this Congress confusing bureaucracies our vigilance financial resources to do what we, the who would demand anything less for have imposed on everybody. stewards of this wonderful land, can do their families. It is hard to measure the benefits of to benefit not only other species but I am so proud, Mr. President, that our well-intentioned, environmental ourselves as well. over the past 20 years, we have made safeguards when these Federal regula- I envision an Endangered Species Act such great strides toward achieving tions come at such a high cost. that encourages all of us to participate that goal. The American people are telling us willingly to conserve rare and unique Our urban landscapes are no longer that Washington has gone too far, espe- species. polluted by the thick, black smoke of cially given the estimates that com- I envision an Endangered Species Act industrial smokestacks. Our lakes and plying with environmental regulations that treats property owners fairly and rivers are no longer the dumping cost an estimated $850 billion every with consideration and that minimizes ground for toxic sludge. We are recy- year. That is $850 billion no longer the social and economic impact of this cling newspapers, glass, and plastics in available to pay higher wages and bet- law on the lives of citizens. record numbers. Through efforts such ter benefits, and creating new jobs. Working together, we can draft legis- as the Conservation Reserve Program, Is it possible that the environmental lation that takes that important step Congress is working in partnership policies of the past have a cost that in that direction. We can make the act with the American people to ensure our can be measured in terms greater than smarter, and we can make that act bet- generation leaves behind a cleaner just dollars? Could they be costing ter. Earth than the one we inherited. human lives as well? According to re- I believe that Congress has abdicated We acknowledge that government at searchers at Harvard University, the its responsibility by not dealing with all levels can and should play a strong answer is yes. Because the government the Endangered Species Act sooner. I role in protecting our environment. has increasingly focused its precious can see why. Advocate change and you Maybe that is why the United States resources guarding the public against are immediately labeled as spends more per capita on environ- minuscule, theoretical risks, they are antienvironmentalist. mental protection than any other ignoring much greater dangers—a situ- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Western, industrialized nation. ation Dr. John Graham of the Harvard ator’s time has expired. The question is no longer whether or Center for Risk Analysis labels ‘‘statis- Mr. KEMPTHORNE. I ask for 2 addi- not we want to protect the environ- tical murder.’’ It is a policy, say re- tional minutes. ment—we all do. The question is, How searchers, that costs 60,000 lives every Mr. COVERDELL. I grant the Sen- do we achieve it? year. ator from Idaho 2 additional minutes. It is an interesting coincidence that In other words, we have spent a lot of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- just a week ago, the American people our taxpayers’ hard-earned money on ator from Idaho. were filing their Federal income tax re- wasteful and nonproductive programs, Mr. KEMPTHORNE. Mr. President, turns and thinking about Government rather than spending those dollars on this should not be a contest to see who and how it impacts the family finances. finding a cure for, say, cancer, leu- is more for the environment. We should Today, exactly 1 week after Tax Day, kemia, or heart disease. all be in favor of a cleaner, safer, we are marking Earth Day. And once That kind of micromanagement, un- healthier America for our children and again, the American people have an op- dertaken at such a horrible cost, is the their children. portunity to think about Govern- wrong approach. No wonder so many I have called myself a probusiness en- ment—this time, its impact on the en- average Americans feel they are being vironmentalist. We have been able to vironment. But in the 26 years since victimized by oppressive environ- strike a balance between development Earth Day was first celebrated, Ameri- mental legislation. In many cases, the and the environment. A good environ- cans have grown concerned with Wash- Government has caused more damage ment makes good business and, there- ington’s environmental activism: What than it has improved, and our goal fore, good business will invest in pro- it is doing to jobs and salaries, and the should be to balance environmental tecting the environment. Economic bite it takes out of the family check- protection with the need for economic growth and quality environment are book. growth as well. We always talk about not mutually exclusive. They, in fact, What they are telling us is yes, gov- the best welfare program being a job, can and should and must support one ernment ought to protect the environ- but we have unnecessarily lost thou- another. ment. But they are also saying it can sands of jobs because we have ignored

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3763 the end result of bad policy. If we are environment, instead of forcing them Americans are looking for a different ever going to achieve balance, the solu- into desperate actions when they’ve shade of green, Mr. President, an ap- tions will not be dictated from Wash- been threatened by Federal bureau- proach to the environment that ington, DC, where layers of bureauc- crats. strengthens the protection of our pre- racy and waste cloud every decision. Mr. President, what is most often cious natural resources, promotes bet- Sensible relief will only be found out- lacking in Washington’s attempts to ter health and safety measures, and side the beltway, by reining in the Fed- improve the environment through reg- helps rein in the exploding regulatory eral regulators and giving our constitu- ulation is an effort to get the big pic- costs that are threatening people’s ents the freedom to achieve the envi- ture—a scientific approach to assess paychecks. ronmental goals everyone shares. the various risks, and then direct re- Government does have an important The Government can set goals or lim- sources where they can do the most role in ensuring a strong environ- its, but we should then step back and good. Risk assessment and cost-benefit mental safety net. But we can do bet- let the creative genius of Americans analyses are commonsense approaches ter. In closing, Mr. President, by re- work on the solution in less costly, in- undertaken out in the real world, but forming the system and providing bal- novative ways. Expensive, one-size-fits- sorely missing in the Federal Govern- ance, we will enhance environmental all dictates from Washington are not ment. cleanup and preservation while we pro- the answer, nor is using old technology When businesses or individuals make tect landowners from undue Govern- to treat new problems. If experience important decisions, they usually per- ment interference, reduce costly, arbi- has taught us anything over the past 26 form their own version of a risk assess- trary regulations, and ultimately, save years, it is that wisdom and compas- ment. To best serve the taxpayers— more lives. sion does not flow from the Federal who deserve to know what kind of bang So, Mr. President, on Earth Day, their getting for their bucks—Federal Government. 1996, that is the shade of green this That has clearly been the lesson of agencies ought to be targeting their re- Congress is working to deliver. the Superfund program, a classic exam- sources in the same way, eliminating I yield the floor. ple of Washington-knows-best gone overzealous regulation by asking the Mr. COVERDELL. I thank my col- Environmental Protection Agency to wrong. league from Minnesota. I yield up to 10 Let us look at the facts. focus on real solutions to real prob- minutes to the Senator from Arizona. Mr. President, 25 billion taxpayer lems. This will not only free up more The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- dollars have been spent over the past 15 funds for financially strapped Federal ator from Arizona. years cleaning up toxic waste sites on agencies, but also provide a higher Mr. KYL. I thank the Chair. And I Superfund’s National Priorities List. level of environmental and public thank the Senator from Georgia for his Yet as of today, only 12 percent of health protection. effort to organize this group of con- Giving our job creators more flexi- these sites have actually been cleaned versations regarding the protection of bility in meeting national standards is up. Excessive administrative costs and our environment. another way to eliminate the pervasive a bloated bureaucracy have eaten away I noticed from some of the comments command and control approach that a lot of the money, while billions of that certain Democrats, anyway, I has infected many Federal programs. A should say, have appeared to take of- dollars have gone to line the pockets of pilot program called Project XL is trial lawyers, who continue to delay fense that Republicans are actually proof that these efforts do work. working to protect the environment, Superfund’s important work. The law- I have been working on Project XL yers are benefiting while the American apparently under the belief that Earth with the Minnesota Pollution Control Day is a special day for them to dem- taxpayers get burned. Agency, Minnesota-based 3M, and the The end result? Fewer hazardous agog and politicize environmental EPA. This popular program allows par- issues. The real purpose of Earth Day sites are being cleaned up and more ticipating companies to come up with Americans are being put at risk. is to recognize important work being their own methods to go beyond min- done to protect our environment. Clearly, the Superfund program is imum environmental compliance. Al- broken. Congress has an opportunity Today I want to discuss briefly two lowing business to best determine how specific projects undertaken by a broad this year to reform Superfund and redi- to meet all Federal standards is an in- rect the taxpayers’ dollars away from group of interests in my home State of novative idea that should be expanded. Arizona that do exactly that. the bureaucrats and lawyers, and to- As long as those standards are met, the ward meeting the original intent of the The first has to do with ranchers in path traveled to reach compliance southeast Arizona who are acting as law: and that was cleaning up the envi- should be open to experimentation. ronment. true stewards of the lands for the pur- And finally, the Federal Government pose of protecting the grasslands on The Endangered Species Act is an- needs to promote a better partnership other well-intentioned, but problem- which they currently are grazing. between all levels of government, job Many ranchers are working in har- atic, piece of legislation. providers, environmental interest I have always believed the Federal mony with nature not only to earn a groups, and the taxpayers. The most ef- living but also to protect the environ- Government can assist landowners in fective way for the Federal Govern- being the best stewards of their lands. ment upon which they are earning that ment to play a strong role in pro- living. They are using their natural re- But the Endangered Species Act pro- tecting the environment is to do it in vides an incentive for them to actually sources in a way that it is meant to be concert with those closest to the prob- used. harm endangered species. lems. Local solutions, not Washington Under the act, if a landowner is told In his forward to Dan Dagget’s book domination. called ‘‘Beyond the Rangeland Con- by the Government that their property That means setting reasonable na- flict—Toward a West That Works,’’ is home to an endangered species, they tional standards and giving technical David Getches, who is chairman of the are stripped of their ability to use their advice to State and local governments board of trustees of the Grand Canyon own land. Not only are they deprived of and businesses. I have always believed Trust, said of ranchers on the Colorado that land—and the enjoyment and rev- that Minnesota taxpayers and our Plateau—I am quoting— enue it might generate—but they are elected officials in St. Paul are much also denied any compensation from the more aware of local problems and how It’s not hard to find ranchers on the pla- Federal Government. teau who share some of our most heartfelt to solve them than Washington will values. Most want their grandchildren to While that is obviously not the in- ever be. know a region with a healthy ecosystem and tent of the Endangered Species Act, it ‘‘It is not easy being green,’’ went the places of wonder, beauty and solitude. And has become an unfortunate, perverse lyrics of a popular song from the 1980’s. most can understand that economic stability byproduct of the legislation. Maybe not, if being green in the 1990’s and permanence of communities are inter- One way Congress could improve the means promoting an environmental twined with the permanent health of the sur- endangered species legislation is to agenda that flies in the face of common rounding land, water, and wildlife. provide incentives for property owners sense and treats the taxpayers with Certainly Professor Getches is cor- that would enable them to protect the contempt. rect because some of the people who

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3764 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 care the most about the land are those proach to ranching, working with bi- old, but the big tree exists in the open ranchers. I speak specifically of a new ologists, soil conservation specialists, park-like environment, and the little group called the Malpai Borderlands BLM and Forest Service representa- tree exists in a cramped environment Group which is the essence of this com- tives, and the Nature Conservancy to with 850 or 1,000 trees per acre. Obvi- mitment for protection. I met with rep- find ways to keep this area literally a ously, all are competing for the same resentatives of the Malpai Group over working wilderness. nutrients and water. the Easter recess when I was in Doug- As I alluded to, reintroducing fire is What we need to do is open the for- las, AZ. I was very impressed with the a crucial element of the Malpai group’s ests up. Two professors from Northern work they are doing as a combined plan to restore the range. As a result, Arizona University have begun an am- group of ranchers, representatives of they have worked in several experi- bitious program to do precisely that. environmental groups, Federal agen- mental areas restoring that element of Professors Wally Covington and Mar- cies, and other people in the commu- fire and bringing back the grasslands. garet Moore have begun to use what nity. The success of this group, as I said, is they call adaptive management tech- The area in which they are working really due to a commitment of the niques to restore the southwestern together is an area of thousands of landowners. Participation is purely ponderosa forests to their natural acres in both New Mexico and Arizona voluntary. The enthusiasm of this presettlement conditions. Their part- which is the home of a great many en- group of land stewards is clearly a ners are the Bureau of Land Manage- dangered species and an environment shining example to those who would ment, the U.S. Forest Service, and that needs help. The land ownership is like to create such organizations and Northern Arizona University. Their about half private and half Federal protect their own areas, working to- work is being supported by Secretary agency, the Federal lands being the Bu- gether. Bruce Babbitt, Secretary Glickman, reau of Land Management and the For- As Bill McDonald, Malpai Border- and others in the region who under- est Service as well as some State trust lands Group president, says of the stand the importance of bringing envi- land. group: ‘‘In a political climate where ronmental groups and other persons in- But in 1990 this group got together to the traditional position on the issue of terested in forest health together to re- begin discussing ways of dealing with land use is usually to be at one end of introduce some of the natural methods what they thought was a deteriorating the spectrum or the other, we find our- of forest management that have been situation, an attack on ranching gen- selves in the ‘radical center.’ We invite lacking in recent years, including both erally, and also a deteriorating envi- you to join us right there.’’ the thinning of the small, unhealthy ronment. The grasslands, with some Mr. President, I joined that group trees and the use of fire to get rid of shrubs, were moving inexorably to just a couple of weeks ago to try to the brush and the fuel which could, of shrub lands with some grass. And this help them clear away some of the bu- course, create the fire danger. occurred for many reasons. But the reaucratic underbrush that might pre- In October 1995, these scientists initi- principal one was the absence of a very vent them from moving forward with ated the Southwest forest ecosystem natural element—fire. their very important, innovative ex- restoration project near Mount Trum- For years fire used to sweep through perimentation. bull, AZ. This is roughly a 5,000-acre this area every decade or so and, in ef- Now, the second key thing relates to pilot project in which these new man- fect, cleanse it of all of the woody the forests in the arid Southwest. Nat- agement techniques will be utilized to shrubby plants which then promoted ural fire is not just a friend of the determine whether or not they can very shortly thereafter fresh new grass grasslands but has also helped to main- truly restore the health of the forest for the wildlife then to thrive on. But tain the health of our forests over the and whether these management tech- because of the fire suppression that has years. Once again, because of fire sup- niques would then be useful throughout not occurred in the last 100 years or so, pression and other problems, our forest the arid Southwest. They will remove the result is that the grasslands have health has deteriorated because that the dense, young growth to restore the gradually now become woods where natural phenomena that used to keep open forests of large older trees and there are shrubby lands that cannot it healthy is no longer part of our man- hope to do ecological sampling that in- support grazing. agement process. Instead, what hap- clude overstory trees, understory trees, So the agenda of this group was to pens is that because we suppress fire, understory shrubs, grasses, address both the threat of fragmenta- the fuel in the forests builds up and the wildflowers, and forest floor fuels. tion of the landscape—selling off small- growth begins to become very con- Sampling will also extend to birds, er parcels for development—and the de- centrated, with the result that when mammals, and insect communities. creasing productivity and loss of bio- the fire comes, it burns not only the I saw a pilot project just west of logical diversity accompanying the en- underbrush as it used to do, thus clear- Flagstaff which had only been under croachment of these woody species on ing the forest of the smaller, scrubbier experimentation for 2 years, but it is the grasslands. kind of plants, but quickly crowns to amazing that sap contents of the What they did is form the 501(c)3 or- the top of the trees and literally jumps trees—which did not mean anything to ganization called the Malpai Border- from tree to tree, devastating entire me before I heard about it—had grown lands Group with 45 rancher members. forests. by an order of magnitude in just 2 And its 19-member board includes local The other problem with the forests is years, thus making the tree almost im- ranchers, a scientist, and a business- the health condition today. Too many pervious to bark beetles. man, and, as I said, representatives of trees are crowding into too small an Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, we various environmental groups. It has a area which then sucks all of the nutri- worked with the other side. We have 5-year plan for ecosystem management ents and the moisture from that area, another speaker. I ask unanimous con- that targets three key concerns. thus providing a more disease-prone sent our time be expanded by 7 min- First, conservation and land protec- forest. Rather than the open and rather utes. tion, including such things as on-the- park-like environment that existed 100 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ground projects, use of fire, and hold- years ago, tree densities now make a objection, it is so ordered. ing of conservation easements; second, very unattractive and unhealthy for- Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, I sustaining rural livelihoods, including est. Mr. President, 100 years ago the yield 2 additional minutes to the Sen- innovative approaches to grazing, pos- tree density was typically 20 trees per ator from Arizona. sibly the cooperative marketing of acre, with most trees of a relatively Mr. KYL. I see the majority leader is beef, and exploring other opportunities large diameter. By contrast, the here. with low impact to the environment; present forest averages about 850 trees Just increasing the sap content of and, third, science and education, in- per acre, with an average diameter of the trees makes them more impervious cluding a comprehensive resource in- less than 4 inches. I have three cross to beetles, and thus disease, thereby ventory of the area. sections of trees in my office. One is creating more nutrients in the grasses The Malpai Group has taken an evo- about this big, one this big, and one is because the forest has opened up. Wild- lutionary, if not revolutionary, ap- this big. All three trees are 60 years life needs less grass because the protein

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3765 content has quadrupled. There are so I think most of the environmental lot of years. Are there less expensive many benefits to this kind of manage- laws on the books today were initi- efforts to achieve the same or higher ment that it is clear we need to expand ated—not just signed; were not vetoed, level of protection? I think the answer it to broader sectors of our forest envi- certainly—but were initiated by Re- is yes. I think we have an obligation to ronment. publican Presidents—Theodore Roo- look at those least expensive methods, The point is there are innovative sevelt, George Bush, Richard Nixon, to and one condition is that it does not things being done to protect our fragile name just a few. They have very strong detract in any way from the pace of environment, with land stewards and environmental protection records. Our cleanup of the environment. environment groups and others all National Park System was started working together. These two examples under President Theodore Roosevelt. To what degree should the Federal I have discussed today show that The EPA was started under Richard Government mandate regulations on through this kind of cooperation and Nixon. The Clean Air Act amendments States and local communities without innovation, we can truly protect the and the Oil Pollution Act were under providing adequate resources to com- environment in a very bipartisan and George Bush. They were all initiated ply? That is another question we need cooperative way. under Republican administrations. Yes, to ask. But there are a number of I commend these two experiments to the Congress, many Democrats in Con- themes that my Republican colleagues my colleagues. and I believe should be the foundation Mr. COVERDELL. Mr. President, I gress, sent those bills to the Presi- for effective improvements in current compliment the Senator from Arizona dent’s desk. My point is it is a bipar- on his remarks. tisan matter, and these bills were environmental law. One should be that I yield up to 10 minutes to the Sen- signed. we ought to promote sound, effective ator from New Hampshire. One statute, though, I have been in- market-based environmental regula- Mr. SMITH. Mr. President, I thank volved in stands out as one of the least tions, because when you bring the mar- the Senator from Georgia for yielding. effective. That is a bill called Super- ket in, you save the taxpayers money As we celebrate the 26th anniversary fund. Mr. President, $30 billion has and you bring the businesses in as a of Earth Day, Americans will again been spent over 15 years to clean up 50 partnership. Therefore, since they are sites. If you do the math on that, it have an opportunity to reflect on many responsible for some of the problems, of our past environment successes and, does not work out very well. I have de- they are willing to help us clean them frankly, some shortcomings, which I voted many hours on developing appro- hope we will be able to address. We priate reforms to this failed program. up. We must recognize that States and should also take this opportunity to Our goal is to change this program local communities often do a better job set a course to correct any past fail- from one of litigation and wasted re- of protecting the environment within ures regarding the protection and res- sources and delay to one that actually their borders than the Federal Govern- toration of our precious environment, cleans up hazardous sites expedi- ment can. So, partners, not enemies. as well as dwelling and focusing on tiously. We must incorporate better risk those that have been successful. While Republicans and Democrats management and cost-benefit analysis Let me, as many of my colleagues be- agree on the need for reform, there is in our environmental regulations that fore me have done, set the record still some disagreement on how to get will enable us to prioritize our goals. straight once again, Mr. President. We there. One of the basic problems with We must base our environmental deci- are all environmentalists here in the the current Superfund Program is that sions on the highest quality, peer-re- Senate. I think most of us would call it is more focused on process than re- viewed science, not questionable, unre- ourselves environmentalists in the sults, more focused on litigation and liable data and unfair politics. Finally, United States of America as citizens. arguing than on getting results. and most important, our goal is to en- This is a beautiful country. It is home I issue a challenge now to my Demo- to all of us. The environment is not a crat colleagues on the other side of the hance, not detract from, a cleaner envi- Democratic issue. It is not a Repub- aisle and say that we are ready—Major- ronment, to enhance it. That is our lican issue. It should be a bipartisan ity Leader DOLE is ready, I am ready, goal, not just to save dollars for the issue. I very frankly and honestly, as and Senator CHAFEE is ready to get a sake of saving dollars. If it detracts one who has worked for the past 2 bipartisan Superfund bill and put it on from our environment, then we spend years on the Superfund bill, take great the President’s desk. I challenge my the money. And if we can spend less issue with those who would somehow colleagues not to play politics with and do more and accelerate the pace, accuse me or anyone else in my party this bill and help us get it there. why not do it? We have an obligation of being antienvironment. Yet that is A number of environmental laws are to do that. happening. long overdue. For 3 years, I have been I ask my colleagues to take a look at Unfortunately, the political environ- involved in efforts to reauthorize the ment has become so partisan during that and realize that just because we Safe Drinking Water Act as was Sen- say we can do it better, not less effi- this Congress that it is almost out- ators CHAFEE, KEMPTHORNE, and others. ciently, that does not necessarily mean rageous. My children, I think, would The vote was 99 to 0. I find it hard to it is negative. We all want a clean, like to drink clean water. I certainly believe that we can be accused of being recognize the fact that President Clin- antienvironment. healthy environment to pass on to fu- ton’s daughter might like to drink There is no doubt that the environ- ture generations. It is one of our most clean water. I hope you will recognize mental movement in the 1970’s served important responsibilities. that my two sons and my daughter an important purpose. Our air and However, the American people also would like to drink clean water as well. water are cleaner today and continue believe we need to reduce Government My family breathes the same air as to improve. Now is the time to reflect waste and bureaucracy, to update envi- Vice President GORE and his family and on the successes and build upon them ronmental programs, to address prob- the President and his family. I have en- and address some of the failures, so lems more effectively and allow Amer- joyed fishing and hiking in the trails that we can get more bang for the ican business to remain more competi- and ponds and lakes and streams of buck. Let us face it, many of the things tive. If we can do all of those things New Hampshire, probably some of the that have been done to clean up the en- and enhance the environment, we same lakes and streams that some of vironment have been done, but pollu- ought to do it. the people in the administration have. tion controls from this point forward We are very proud of the fact that in will be very expensive. We need to be My Republican colleagues and I are northern New Hampshire we have the able to pick and choose the best tech- trying to accomplish these goals. We great northern forests which are pro- nology and be up to speed on that. consider such things as cost benefits tected by landowners, as well as the Carol Browner, the EPA Adminis- and risks and rewards not as trivial, Federal Government. But landowners trator, said, ‘‘We need to develop bet- but as very important. We must strive take good care of that land and have ter, smarter, cheaper regulations.’’ to prioritize risk reduction and get the been good stewards. We are very proud I could not agree more. Is the envi- biggest bang for the buck in every of what they have done to protect that ronment getting cleaner? Yes, thanks American program. That is just com- land. to a lot of bipartisan leadership over a mon sense.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3766 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 Environmental policy is at a cross- Georgia for his efforts this morning on Mr. President, I understand that the roads, Mr. President. We have a his- Earth Day and on the environment. I American Bar Association has given toric opportunity to improve our envi- will be making a statement later on Mr. Stack a qualified rating, but in my ronmental laws so that they better that. judgment, this rating is yet another serve the American people. That is not I thank Senator SMITH for his efforts example of why we should not rely on to say that we have failed in the past. on Superfund. He has been working on the ABA to review the qualifications of We have many, many, many successes, this, I know, month after month after our judicial nominees. including the Merrimack River in my month, and we have been trying to Although I do not know Mr. Stack State, which is now beginning to see come together with a bipartisan bill. personally, I have no reason to chal- fish and recreation again. It should not Hopefully, that will be accomplished lenge his integrity. I am sure he is a be controversial. We all live on this and we can pass Superfund legislation fine man who has contributed much to planet, and we should be working to- in the next 30 to 60 days. his community and to his country. But gether on this. If there is anything we f that is not the point. The question we ought not to be partisan about, it must ask is whether Mr. Stack is, in NOMINATION OF CHARLES STACK ought to be the environment. fact, qualified to sit on the Eleventh TO ELEVENTH CIRCUIT COURT I will close on this point. This week, Circuit Court of Appeals, the second OF APPEALS as Earth Day commences, the Senate highest court in the land? The answer, Environment and Public Works Com- Mr. DOLE. Last Friday, I outlined or course, is, ‘‘No.’’ President Clinton mittee begins hearings on a Superfund some of my views on the issue of judi- should withdraw the Stack nomination bill. During the Earth Day festivities, cial nominations, one of the most last- without delay. Americans will be presented with a ing legacies of any President. I said Mr. KENNEDY addressed the Chair. number of conflicting images of what is that Federal judges should respect the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- good for the environment and what is clear language of the Constitution as it ator from Massachusetts. not. It is my hope that the President is written; that judges should under- f and Members of Congress, as I said ear- stand that society is not to blame for NO MORE GAMES—RAISE THE lier, will rise above the urge to exploit crime, criminals are; that judges MINIMUM WAGE this event for short-term political gain should protect the rights of crime vic- and join our efforts to inject common tims, not invent new and more expan- Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I sense and fairness into the Nation’s sive rights for criminal defendants. know that under the rule we will move Superfund Program, which is the one Today, let me make another point: very swiftly to the term limit legisla- program which I happen to be involved Those who seek to sit on the Federal tion, but I would like to speak before in because I chair the subcommittee. bench should be well-grounded in the that debate starts on another matter So, Mr. President, at this point, I basics of constitutional law. Unfortu- which, although not directly before the yield the floor and thank my col- nately, Charles ‘‘Bud’’ Stack, one of Senate today, is very much in the leagues, and I thank the Senator from President Clinton’s nominees to the thinking of Members of the Senate and Georgia for the opportunity to speak Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals, does the House of Representatives, certainly on this very important issue. not meet this standard. the President and, most importantly, Mr. COVERDELL. How much time During his recent confirmation hear- working families and needy working remains, Mr. President? ing, Mr. Stack was unable to cite any families, and that is the issue of the in- The PRESIDING OFFICER. One fourth amendment case concerning the crease in the minimum wage. minute remains. law of search and seizure. He dem- On ‘‘Face the Nation’’ yesterday, Mr. COVERDELL. I thank all of the onstrated little knowledge about Su- Senator DOLE was asked whether he Senators who came to the floor to preme Court precedent on capital pun- would allow a straight up or down vote honor Earth Day and to talk in very ishment. And despite the Supreme on the minimum wage. Senator DOLE meaningful terms about how to man- Court’s highly publicized decision in said, ‘‘No, our view is that it needs to age our environment. This legislation, the Adarand case, Mr. Stack was un- be packaged with other things—maybe wherever it falls in the environment, able to discuss any Supreme Court or comp time, flex time.’’ should be guided by a working relation- Federal case concerning discrimination Let me be very clear in response. ship between the Government and the or affirmative action. There is no reason to delay or saddle stewards of the land. In too many When asked how he would remedy his the minimum wage with other con- cases, recently, we are seeing the Gov- own ignorance of key aspects of the troversial measures. I intend to offer a ernment taking on the form of arro- law, Mr. Stack said he ‘‘Could attend clean vote on increasing the minimum gance. We have threatened the con- some courses’’ or ask other judges for wage on the nuclear waste bill or any stitutional rights of personal property. help. other bill this week or next week that That is a very high law, the Constitu- Yet Mr. Stack has been nominated to is open to amendments. There is no ex- tion. If it becomes public policy to sit on one of the Nation’s most influen- cuse for further delay in raising the take interests of private property own- tial judicial panels, the court that ef- minimum wage. ers, the public will have to assume the fectively serves as the court of last re- Raising the minimum wage is a mat- responsibility for that. That has to be sort for the citizens of Florida, Geor- ter of basic economics, not politics, for a working partnership. We have to pro- gia, and Alabama. millions of American families. More tect our constitutional rights. We must Apparently, Mr. Stack’s most impor- than 10 million people will receive a di- learn to work together on this legisla- tant qualification is his prowess as a rect pay increase if the minimum wage tion. We have heard words like partner- political fundraiser. According to news is raised to $5.15 or $5.25 an hour. To ship, balance, working together, com- reports, administration aides had dis- those millions of working Americans, mon ground, nonpartisan. This is the cussed offering Mr. Stack an ambas- the issue is not politics. It’s paying the answer to our modern environment. sadorship and a seat on the Federal dis- rent and putting food on the table for I appreciate the Senate’s time this trict court as a reward for his themselves and their families. afternoon, and I yield back whatever rundrasing efforts, but that Mr. Stack An overwhelming majority of Ameri- seconds are remaining. had his heart set on a court of appeals cans want the minimum wage in- Mr. DOLE addressed the Chair. position. creased. They do not want to see this The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- Mr. President, I understand that Mr. legislation buried in procedural maneu- jority leader. Stack raised millions and millions of vers, or loaded up with antiunion Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, is leader dollars for President Clinton and the amendments. They want to see it in- time reserved? Democratic Party, but does that qual- creased, and increased now. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The lead- ify him to be on the next highest court Yet, ignoring the clear interest of er time has been reserved. in the land? I do not think so. That is low-wage workers and the desire of an Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, first, I not what the judicial system is all overwhelming majority of the Amer- thank the distinguished Senator from about. ican people, Senator DOLE intends to

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3767 prevent a straight up-or-down vote on have to the problem of the income gap In Massachusetts, we have seen the the minimum wage. We can only won- between the richest and poorest Amer- continued reduction in the unemploy- der why. Senator DOLE says it is poli- ican families. Its distributional effects ment figures virtually across the tics, but it is hard to believe that this are powerful and positive. State, even with that increase up to kind of inside-the-beltway politics will Since 1979, the bottom three-fifths of $4.75 an hour. work to his advantage. American families have experienced a The opponents of raising the min- A Lou Harris poll released 2 weeks loss in their real income, while the top imum wage cry crocodile tears about ago found that 85 percent of surveyed 1 percent of families saw its income its effect on the employment of people adults support an increase to $5.15 an grow 62 percent. at the bottom of the economic ladder, hour, and Chilton Research Services The bottom 40 percent of American but the people at the bottom of the found that 80 percent support such a families, whose incomes have suffered economic ladder want the raise. raise. Even 73 percent of Republicans the most since 1979, would get 60 per- Lou Harris’ most recent poll showed support raising the minimum wage to cent of the gains from raising the min- that 94 percent of Americans with $5.15. imum wage. household income of $7,500 or less sup- But no group feels more strongly That says that those workers who are port the legislation. about this than women. The Chilton out there now working 40 hours a week, So to all those on the other side from survey asked about the strength of the 52 weeks of the year, the ones that whom we hear the arguments that they respondents’ feelings and found that a have fallen the furthest behind since are most concerned about those poor clear majority—57 percent—feel 1979, they would get 60 percent of the workers, many of them women, many strongly that the raise should be en- benefits of the increase in the min- of them minorities; we do not want to acted. But 64 percent of women strong- imum wage, and they are the ones who have them thrown out of a job, the fact ly agree with the legislation. have been left furthest behind. is the poor workers are the ones who What explains the strength of wom- This is the single most effective overwhelmingly say they want the in- en’s support? thing Congress can do for those fami- crease in the minimum wage. First, 60 percent of the 10 to 12 mil- lies. Compared with balancing the Industry lobbyists probably should lion people who will get a pay increase budget—I ask the attention of our col- not try to speak for families at the bot- from this legislation are women, and 77 leagues on this issue—compared with tom of the economic ladder. percent of those women are adults. balancing the budget, for example, This is an issue about women and the That means 7 million women, and 5 which the Congressional Budget Office children they raise; 100,000 of whom million adult women will get a pay claims will raise average wages one- will be lifted out of poverty with this raise from this bill. half of 1 percent by the year 2002, the bill’s passage—100,000 Americans lifted Second, who are these 5 million adult Congressional Budget Office says, if out of poverty when this bill passes. women? Two million are single heads you pass the Republican balanced Two million single heads of households of households with at least one depend- budget amendment by the year 2002, who have to feed their children on pov- ent. They are raising families, caring average wages will increase one-half of erty wages, get them to school while for children, and trying to get by on 1 percent. Raising the minimum wage getting themselves to work, arrange poverty level wages. will increase the earnings of people in for child care and provide them shelter Third, 60 percent of minimum wage the bottom 40 percent by 4 percent in is the issue in this legislation. workers are married. They contribute, just 2 years—the bottom 40 percent. If Mr. President, $1,800—the annual in- on average, 51 percent of family earn- you go down to 30 percent or 20 percent crease in the earnings this bill will pro- ings. We are not talking about teen- it becomes 8 or 10; down to just the vide to minimum wage workers—pro- agers earning pocket money. We are bottom line, you go up to about 20, 22 vides 7 months’ of groceries for those talking about people whose families de- percent, because you will go from $4.25 families, 9 months’ worth of utility pend on them for their survival and to $5.15, or $5.25, as suggested over in bills, and an entire year of health care well-being. the House of Representatives. That costs; the tuition for a community col- Fourth, what kinds of work do these represents almost 25 percent of the lege or a State 2-year college. 7 million women do? Many of them are wages. This is an issue of fairness. CEO pay in the retail, hospitality, and food serv- But just with this very modest in- is up 30 percent and corporate profits ice industries, where they work as crease, we are seeing for the bottom 40 are higher than they have been since cashiers, serve meals, clean hotel percent of American workers that they the 1960’s. It is time businesses shared rooms, and work in laundries. Their will go up 4 percent while just the bal- that wealth with the lowest paid of jobs are hard and unrewarding, but anced budget in and of itself will pro- their workers. Productivity has in- they do them with dignity, working to vide one-half of 1 percent. creased 25 percent over the last 20 provide for their families. Eighth, women will not lose jobs, de- years, but the value of the minimum Fifth, but many of these women work spite the scare tactics of the Repub- wage has fallen 25 percent. directly with children in occupations licans. The economy has added 10 mil- Is that not an interesting phe- that are almost entirely held by lion new jobs since the last increase 5 nomenon? Productivity has increased women, such as child care. The vast years ago. A dozen studies show that 25 percent and generally at other times majority of child care workers would even teenagers won’t lose jobs. In fact, when we have had a level playing field, get a pay increase from a raise in the the Card & Krueger study of New Jer- where all of the country moved up in minimum wage to $5.15. Teachers aides, sey and Pennsylvania showed that em- terms of wages, the standard of living, too, hold low-paid jobs dominated by ployment in the fast food industry in- the hopes and dreams for everyone, for women. These people deserve more for creased after New Jersey raised its the families and for their children, and the care they give the Nation’s chil- minimum wage. Other studies have for the parents, everyone moved up to- dren—it is time they got a raise. also found employment increases. gether. Now we have seen a 25-percent Sixth, the other major industry that There are two reasons: First, better increase in productivity, which is usu- employs large numbers of women at or wages attract more employees to the ally associated with the increase in the just above the minimum wage is health job market; second, because workers wages for those workers, and we have care, including occupations such as have better pay, they have more to seen a 25-percent reduction for those nurses aides and home health care spend and the economy gets a boost individuals at the lowest level of the aides. These are some of the hardest that leads to more employment. economic ladder, again men and jobs in our society, caring for the sick Massachusetts raised the minimum women that are working. and helpless, washing them, feeding wage to $4.75 an hour as of January 1, Finally, Mr. President, this legisla- them, cleaning their bedpans. The 1996. Unemployment has fallen in Mas- tion could mean important savings to women who hold these jobs deserve a sachusetts since the start of the year, the Government. This is an argument raise. while in neighboring New Hampshire, that is forgotten by those who are un- Seventh, raising the minimum wage which left its minimum wage at $4.25, alterably opposed to the minimum is the best, most targeted solution we unemployment has increased. wage. It would mean savings to the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3768 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 Government in food stamps, Medicaid, were held. In fact, the President indi- would like to listen to the debate on it. and other public welfare programs. We cated that was not the way to go. So We have not had a chance to debate it. can save more than $600 million in now I am relieved that we have discov- I just find two things that are hap- AFDC, $350 million in Medicaid, $300 ered women and children and the lower pening very strange. First, is now it is million more in food stamps. paid workers of this country and per- an issue that is first and foremost in In a two-earner family where both haps we can have a debate on it and do the minds of some of my colleagues on parents earn the minimum wage, $3,600 the right thing. But I would like to dis- the other side. And, second, they seem in additional pay would make a dra- cuss something that should be of bipar- to be the ones who are trying to make matic difference in their dependence on tisan concern. this a partisan issue. I say, let us con- public support. Why? Because their in- Mr. KENNEDY. Could I just respond? sider it on its merits, both sides of the come would be sufficiently raised that Mr. THOMPSON. Yes. aisle, and do the right thing about it. they would no longer qualify for that Mr. KENNEDY. Will the Senator But, if we start off in the very begin- kind of safety net. And if they no yield? ning making it a partisan issue and longer qualified for it, that would be a Mr. THOMPSON. Yes. trying to draw lines and distinctions savings. And what should that mean The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- when the people on the other side of savings for? Workers and workers’ fam- ator from Massachusetts. the aisle have sat and done nothing ilies because they are the principal Mr. KENNEDY. I just wanted to men- with regard to the minimum wage ones paying taxes. tion the fact that, of course, during when they had it within their power to Or you can ask the question the that debate in the earlier Congress we do so, we are not going to have much other way. Why should all American were debating comprehensive health progress. workers, who are the bulk of the tax- care. The value of the comprehensive Mr. KENNEDY. Could I have one payers, subsidize certain companies health care was between 40 and 50 cents final moment in the exchange? Of that are using sweat labor and refuse an hour. It was the request of the course, as the Senator knows, we have to pay the minimum wage for those workers at that time that we focus on had good Republican support on the who are working in the workplace? that rather than the minimum wage, last vote for an increase in the min- That is what is happening today. So and the minimum wage came back into imum wage. That, I think, was some- this is action in the interest of saving play right after that was defeated. It thing that was notable. American taxpayer funds because it was very easy and understandable for Second, as the Senator knows, we will raise sufficient numbers of needy those of us who had been working on it, have not been given an opportunity to people out of eligibility for these var- but I just mention to our colleague get to this issue scheduled as an order ious support payments. that the last time we had a bipartisan of doing business. As we have said—and Mr. President, it is time to stop play- increase in the minimum wage, as the I am sure the Senator is familiar with ing games and raise the minimum Senator knows, was in 1989. At that this—if we were able to get a time wage. I urge the majority leader to time we had two-thirds of the Repub- agreement on a clean bill, we would schedule a clean up-and-down vote on licans who supported it. We had a Re- certainly welcome that opportunity. our bill to raise the minimum wage to publican President, Democratic Con- We have indicated we would be glad to $5.15 an hour. We need that. American gress, and now we have a Republican let time go, as the Senator knows, on workers need it. Congress and a Democratic President. the two last occasions where the Sen- It is interesting to those of us who Presidents Eisenhower and Nixon sup- ate has addressed it. We have had Re- had introduced at the start of the last ported it as well. publican support, the majority of the Congress the increase in the minimum So this is, as we have tried to point Members. There was Republican sup- wage; that could have taken effect a out over the period of time, what Re- port. year ago. We have already lost that publicans and Republican Presidents Finally, as the Senator knows, we year. Purchasing power has already de- and Republican Congresses have sup- have both the minimum wage and the clined. At that time, it was 50 cents, 50 ported, as Senator DOLE and Congress- EITC, both of which affect the working cents, 50 cents. Instead, we went 45, 45, man GINGRICH did at other times. So it poor. The increase in the minimum 45 as a way of compromise, and it is is a bit of a stretch to say that they wage has the greatest advantage for time we address this issue. This issue is would have supported it another time single individuals, which, increasingly, not complex, nor complicated. It is a if it was just a partisan issue but not are numbers of single women. The simple, straightforward issue that supporting it now. EITC has a greater impact on those every Member is familiar with. We do I know we may have differences on families where they have a number of not need to have more studies, more the understanding of those series of children. Really, if we are interested in hearings. It is a matter of fundamental events, but I wanted to just have a doing it, these matters ought to be em- economic justice and fairness for hard chance to add those brief comments to braced and put on together. We have working Americans. It is about time the RECORD. seen the expansion of the EITC in re- we get about that business. Mr. THOMPSON. I would just say to cent times, although there were at- I thank the Senator from Tennessee my colleague that it is not I who was tempts to cut back on that during the for allowing me the opportunity to making it a partisan issue or saying it budget consideration. speak at this time. I yield the floor. was a partisan issue. It has not been So I agree with my colleague and Mr. THOMPSON addressed the Chair. that in times past. It seems as if re- friend. I would welcome the oppor- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- cently it has become a partisan issue. tunity to join with him so we could ator from Tennessee. And I think the point still is well made have a good discussion. Let Members of Mr. THOMPSON. I thank the Chair. that for a period of 2 years, both before this body have a look at these items Before I discuss the pending business, I and after the health care debate, cer- and then make a judgment. I am just might make one comment. It certainly tainly after the health care debate, concerned, as the time goes on, and as seems that partisan accusations are when control of the Congress was well we know we have less than 40 days leg- still alive and well. I sit here and listen within the power of the other side, this islatively where we expect the Con- to Republican this and Republican could have been brought up and dis- gress to meet and where the House has that. Of course, we are in the middle of cussed. And the President did indicate not taken action, it might be appro- an election year, but it occurs to me that the minimum wage was not the priate to do so at a particular time. that in a 2-year period when the Presi- way to go. As I understand it, the posi- But I am grateful to the Senator for dent of the United States was a Demo- tion is that there was other legislation his comments, and I certainly welcome crat, the Democrats controlled the which would obviate the need for the the chance to engage in further discus- Senate and Democrats controlled the minimum wage, and some would say sion when we focus on this particular House, we did not hear these calls on today there is other legislation that matter. behalf of women and children and lower could obviate the need for the min- Mr. THOMPSON. I appreciate the income workers. Such a bill was not in- imum wage. I am not even saying comments of my colleague, and I share troduced, and no committee hearings where this Senator would come down. I his view this is something that ought

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3769 to be considered deliberately and fully terms in the U.S. Senate; a limitation is an idea whose time has come. It at the appropriate time. I think it is of 12 years, 6 terms in the House of would be for the benefit of America for wise that we approach it from the Representatives. us to set the example, and we are will- standpoint of what is good for the As I indicated, the last vote on term ing to impose it on ourselves even country; that neither side try to make limitations in this body was in 1947, so though there is no obligation for other undue political points at the outset. it has taken about 49 years to get the States to do so. Otherwise, we are not going to get any- second vote on this, not that anybody Yet, even in light of this over- where. I simply say, I share my col- has been particularly pushing for it. whelming majority of the American league’s concern and desire to get any- I believe it is the first constitutional people who feel something is basically thing up for a vote. amendment for term limits to ever going wrong with their country and It has taken 49 years to get the mat- come out of committee. This had a full they are searching for something fun- ter I am about to discuss up for a vote committee hearing. It passed out of the damental to do about it, we pay abso- in this body, so I would like to turn to Judiciary Committee, and now, for the lutely no attention to what is going on. that now unless my colleague has any first time, a committee bill is on the We pay no attention to the over- more comments. floor ready for consideration. I think it whelming sentiment of the American Mr. KENNEDY. I thank the Senator. is long overdue. people with regard to this one area. In this body, it has been my observa- The case can be made that we ought f tion that we pay as close attention as to be more reflective in some cases, CONCLUSION OF MORNING we can to what the American people that we ought to be a little more iso- BUSINESS want. We pay as close attention as we lated. This is supposed to be a delibera- tive body and sometimes we do not The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. can to what our constituents want. We have offices all across the various take enough time to really reflect on GRAMS). Twenty minutes has expired. the important issues that are facing us. Morning business is now closed. States. We go to those offices, we lis- ten, we get tallies on what people are Sometimes we get too caught up in the f calling in about, what people’s con- number of bills that we can pass and cerns are. We go out and we pride our- the gamesmanship of what is going on CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT TO in this town. But, why is this the only LIMIT CONGRESSIONAL TERMS selves, as elected Members, having town hall meetings, and we say a large one area where this rule seems to apply The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under part of the purpose of that is to listen, to this body, and no other area? The the previous order, the Senate will now to see what is going on so we can be re- answer, of course, is because in a Con- resume consideration of Senate Joint flective of the opinions of the people gress that busies itself in regulating Resolution 21, which the clerk will re- that we represent. other people’s lives and purifying other port. We run our campaigns on the same institutions, other businesses, other in- The legislative clerk read as follows: basis. We say, let us be your Represent- dividuals, that changes when it comes A joint resolution (S.J. Res. 21) proposing ative and we will go up and listen to to doing something about ourselves, a constitutional amendment to limit con- the people. Let us turn the Congress even something as innocuous as a 12- gressional terms. back to the people. We try to respond year term. This constitutional amend- The Senate resumed consideration of every time we get the feeling that 51 ment would not even need to be rati- the joint resolution. percent of our constituents want some- fied for 7 years. Then it would be pro- Pending: thing. There is nothing more respon- spective. It is the most minimal first Thompson (for Ashcroft) amendment No. sive than someone who has been elect- step toward trying to put us in a posi- 3692, in the nature of a substitute. ed to office, who feels his constituents tion to face the 21st century that we Thompson (for Brown) amendment No. 3693 are pressing for something, even by the could possibly think of. It probably (to amendment No. 3692), to permit each barest of margins—except in one area. would not affect anybody in this body State to prescribe the maximum number of right now, another 12 years on top of That is the area we are dealing with terms to which a person may be elected to what they have already served, and on here today, term limits. the House of Representatives and the Senate. top of the 7 years it might take for Thompson (for Ashcroft) amendment No. We see poll after poll after poll, and 3694, of a perfecting nature. we poll early and often. Sometimes it ratification of the constitutional Thompson (for Brown) amendment No. 3695 is like all that is happening around amendment. That is not exactly a dras- (to amendment No. 3694), to permit each here is a rendition of those polls. My tic move, not exactly a revolutionary change. Yet we have all this difficulty State to prescribe the maximum number of colleague from Massachusetts was terms to which a person may be elected to even getting to first base. talking about how many women fa- the House of Representatives and the Senate. Let us talk about what this is not all Thompson amendment No. 3696, to change vored minimum wage, how many Re- about, because the detractors of term the length of limits on Congressional terms publicans, how many Democrats, all limits, in their scrambling around to to 12 years in the House of Representatives based on polling results. Who is ahead try to come up with reasons why in and 12 years in the Senate. in the Presidential race? All these var- this particular case the overwhelming Thompson (for Brown) amendment No. 3697 ious issues. Who is for us and who is (to amendment No. 3696), to permit each majority of the American people are against us? By what margin? The dis- wrong, have set the terms of the debate State to prescribe the maximum number of tinction between last week, when 52 terms to which a person may be elected to for us, in many cases. the House of Representatives and the Senate. percent of the people were for this What it is not about is vindictive- Thompson motion to recommit the resolu- proposition, and the week before last ness. A lot of people are angry with the tion to the Committee on the Judiciary with when only 49 percent of the people were Congress of the United States, but this instructions. for this proposition, so we see a little is not about vindictiveness. Life is too Thompson (for Ashcroft) amendment No. movement there. short for that. 3698 (to the motion to recommit), to change There is extreme, extreme attention On the contrary, Mr. President, I instructions to report back with limits on to the temperature of the American really believe that imposing term lim- Congressional terms of 6 years in the House people and to our constituents, except its on ourselves would do more to re- of Representatives and 12 years in the Sen- about one thing, and that is term lim- ate. store the dignity and the esteem of Thompson (for Brown) modified amend- its. Poll after poll indicates that up- Congress with the American people ment No. 3699 (to amendment No. 3698), to ward of 75 percent of the American peo- than anything else. I pointed out the change instructions to report back with lan- ple favor term limits, and the over- other day that columnist George Will guage allowing each State to set the terms whelming majority of States and local- wrote a book awhile back called ‘‘Res- of members of the House of Representatives ities that have had the opportunity to toration,’’ and it was about term lim- and the Senate from that State. vote on term limits have come out in its. Most people would have a hard Mr. THOMPSON. Mr. President, this favor of term limits. Mr. President, 22 time seeing that connection until they is a constitutional amendment to limit States have imposed term limits on got into it and read it. the terms of Members of Congress. It themselves, even while other States The point is, and a very valid point, calls for a limitation of 12 years, 2 were not doing so, saying: We think it I think, indeed, is that at the time our

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3770 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 country was founded, people would line Everybody in this town knows that— ture and took their eyes for a few min- the streets and say, ‘‘Long live Con- both ends of Pennsylvania Avenue and utes off the next election and tried to gress, long live Congress.’’ Can you both sides of the aisle. We know that, do something that would make this imagine what most of them would be and yet we are afraid, basically, to say country stronger for the future, the saying today if they had a shot at mak- that. Or somebody says it and some- other side would invariably get up and ing a comment at us parading down the body else will get up and say they are take partisan advantage of it, scare street together? trying to harm old people and trying to people, go on television with 30-second What has changed in that period of harm young people to get political ad- ads, and whoever brought it up would time? We have lost the respect of the vantage out of it for the next election. cower back to their corner, not to be American people. I believe this self-im- We get into that cycle: scare people brought up again for a while. position is something that the people momentarily. Sometimes it works, and Mr. President, there is no simple so- feel in their hearts is right and some- yet the American people have this lution to what I am talking about. It is thing that would, in one way, be to our sense, this innate sense that something fundamental. We have gotten ourselves own detriment—it might cut a few ca- is really going wrong, something is not into a deep ditch. We did not get there reers a few years short—but would do working right. overnight, and we will not get our- more to restore the faith of the United So it is not about vindictiveness or selves out of it overnight, but we have States people in the U.S. Congress than even throwing the rascals out. My to start examining possibilities that anything else. And that, Mr. President, goodness, we in this body, anything will put us in a position of doing some- is probably more important than any- that we are able to accomplish, we thing about it. thing else, because Congress is the stand on the shoulders of giants. Many How can we continue down this road? message deliverer, and we have some giants have been in this body. I hold This proposal will not affect me per- tough messages to deliver to this coun- this body in the highest esteem. I have sonally either way and it will affect try. A lot of it is not going to be well reverence for this body. I have never hardly any of the Members in this Con- received. A lot of it is not being well understood why somebody would want gress, I would think. But if we had a received, but it is the truth, and it has to be part of an institution for which system that concentrated on how best to do with the future of our country they did not have any respect. could we operate in the next century in and the things we need to do to make I used to come here as a very young order to solve these problems, I think sure we fulfill that tacit understanding man and sit up in the gallery and that term limits would be a major, that each generation is supposed to watch the great debates that would major step toward doing that. have with the next, and that is, that we take place, even at that stage, and that I believe if we open the system up so will leave this place a little better off has not been that long ago. People that people knew that these jobs would than we found it. We are not fulfilling were talking about the issues. People be open from time to time, in the first that commitment now. seemed to have a little bit more time place you would draw more people into Another thing it is not about is sim- to deliberate. We were still right at the the system. Right now, unless you have ply changing new faces for old faces. point where we were capable of bal- access to millions of dollars—and usu- There is nothing that inherently goes ancing the budget. That time has ally through incumbency, which allows wrong with someone because they have changed. you to raise millions of dollars—it is been around a place for a while. There So what is it about? What it is about not a participation that you can enjoy is nothing beneficial about changing a is not all the little things that you as an average citizen. We have 250 mil- new face for an old face if a new face hear debated back and forth on the 6 lion citizens in this country, and one comes in with the same attitude as the o’clock news. If you cannot get it out small fraction of 1 percent are all that old one had. That is not what it is all in 15 or 20 seconds, it is going to be to- have any realistic shot of ever setting about. tally lost. It is not about new faces, it foot on this floor. In fact, I am willing to concede that is not about experience, it is not about So bring more people in. What kind you could make a pretty good case for whether the lobbyists or the staffs are of motivation would those people have? the proposition that for the majority of for it or against it. It is about dealing If people were coming into the system our history in this country, our system with the monumental problems that knowing from day one that this could served us pretty well. We went through are facing this country, problems that not be their career, that, hopefully, two world wars in this country, we are so great and so ingrained that they have already had a career and, went through a Civil War, we went many thoughtful people on both sides hopefully, they will have another one through a Great Depression, and we of the aisle think that it is already too and this will be an interruption to a ca- had to dip into the till pretty deep far gone for us to do anything about. reer and not a career in and of itself, sometimes, but we always came back And it is about the fact that we are would they be as frightened of the spe- and balanced our budget. We had a bal- proving ourselves incapable under cur- cial interests? anced budget as late as 1969 in this rent circumstances of dealing with it. Would they be as frightened of the country. We are mortgaging our future, and it poll numbers? Would they be as fright- Our Founding Fathers did not ad- has to do with nothing more basic than ened of the proposition that 51 percent dress term limits. It never occurred to our need to perpetuate ourselves and to of the people might get temporarily them that we would wind up with the avoid risk, which too often means mad at them if they spoke the truth professionalism and the careerism that avoiding the truth, and, therefore, we and said, ‘‘You can have a 7 percent in- we see today. continue to go down the road that we crease this year but you can’t have 10 So, for a long, long time, we could know is bound to lead to disaster un- percent’’? get by with what we had, because we less we make significant changes. I think we would have people who did not have the culture of spending, What does this desire for reelection would come in with a different agenda. we did not have the growth of Govern- and staying do to us? It causes us to I think we would have people who ment and all the demands and pres- spend. It all comes down to the growth would come in with the idea, more sures that are on us day in and day out of Government and the culture of likely—not universal, because nothing to spend more and more and more. We spending. This is not a partisan issue. is—more likely that, I’m going to give did not have members so faced with the You can pick your administration or a few years to my country. Just be- proposition, are we going to get along you can pick who is in control of Con- cause it is 12 years does not mean you with people and get reelected by saying gress—the House or the Senate—and go have to stay 12 years either. That is a yes to any and every spending measure back for the last few decades, and I am maximum. Give a few years to my that comes down the pike, or are we willing to say that there is enough country the way they used to, the way going to risk our political future and fault on either side; that neither side they used to some years ago, and try to say, ‘‘We can’t do things the same old can take partisan advantage of this if do the right thing. It is called public way anymore; we can’t necessarily you view it objectively. service. That is what it used to be. grow each program at 10 percent a year Every time someone stood up to Citizens used to come in and do that. anymore.’’ speak the simple truth about the fu- That is what the Founding Fathers had

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3771 in mind, and that would go on. I think are doing just exactly what the people clear inability to get a handle on prob- it is only a Congress which is peopled want us to do, what do the people think lems that are going to be the ruination by individuals who have that attitude about their Government? of the next generation. I yield the that is ever, ever going to get us out of A very thoughtful gentleman by the floor. the monumental straits we are in. name of Haynes Johnson wrote a book [Disturbance in the visitors’ gal- By the year 2000, the net interest a year or so ago called ‘‘Divided We leries.] paid on the national debt will surpass Fall.’’ He stated the following: The PRESIDING OFFICER. Just to defense spending and is projected to be- For at least a decade, and in reality far mention to those in the gallery, it is come the second largest Federal ex- longer, people at the bottom have grown in- against Senate rules to have any show penditure after Social Security. This is creasingly alienated from those at the top, of approval or disapproval of any state- from the Bipartisan Commission on and especially from leaders who seem unable ments made on actions taken on the Entitlement and Tax Reform —the bi- and often unwilling to address their con- Senate floor. partisan commission. By 2012, unless cerns. Over the last generation, surveys on Mr. ABRAHAM addressed the Chair. public alienation have tracked America’s The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- appropriate policy changes are made, steadily eroding confidence in its leaders and projected spending on entitlement pro- ator from Michigan. in its institutions—a decline so uniform and Mr. ABRAHAM. Thank you, Mr. grams and interest on the debt will so steep that it raises the most serious ques- President. grow so rapidly they will consume all tions about public faith in the democratic Let me begin by offering my appre- tax revenues collected by the Federal system and therefore the ability of that sys- ciation and compliments to the Sen- tem to function. Government—all tax revenues. In 2030, ators from Tennessee and Missouri for to bring the deficit down to the current Mr. President, that is serious stuff. Mr. Johnson went around the country having worked as hard as they have on level, the Bipartisan Commission on the issue of term limits and bringing talking to people, and spent a long Entitlement and Tax Reform concluded the issue of term limits to the atten- time in researching this book. He that either all Federal taxes would tion of the U.S. Senate. have to be increased by 85 percent or pointed out a recent Harris poll indi- I think our freshman class is strong- all Federal spending programs would cating that, ‘‘At the bottom in public ly supportive as a group of the term have to be cut in half. This bipartisan esteem were law firms, with only 11 limits effort. I think that Senators who commission is telling you what is percent of Americans expressing great have led this battle deserve special ac- going to happen. Have you heard it confidence in them. Barely above them knowledgement for the support they anywhere else? was Congress at 12 percent.’’ Thank have given. I rise today and thank By 2012, mandatory spending, inter- God for law firms. them and also make some comments of est, and entitlements will exceed all He further states: my own which are pertinent to this de- Federal revenues, leaving no money for Traditionally, American politicians are bate. the Federal Government to spend at its driven by the short-term approach. From Mr. President, in my State of Michi- discretion on programs like education, city council members to members of Con- gan, the people have already spoken on gress, emphasis is on the ‘‘quick fix’’ to com- law enforcement, research and develop- an important issue the Senate will con- ment, national defense, and health re- plex problems and on claiming political cred- it for responding to immediate needs. The re- sider here this week; that is, term lim- search. By 2030, entitlement spending sult, as we have seen, is postponement of de- its. In 1992, Michigan voters passed alone is projected to exceed all Federal cisions on major long-term issues. Thus, the term limits for Federal officials by an revenues. real size of the budget deficit is masked. overwhelming margin—6 years for the We have had a philosophy now for Genuine attempts to reduce it are put off to U.S. House of Representatives and 12 several years in this town that a Sen- the next session of Congress—and the next years for the U.S. Senate. ator is judged in large part by the and the next. Action is not taken today; it is I repeat, it was an overwhelming amount of pork he can bring back to always planned for tomorrow, to take place margin, Mr. President. This was not a his State, not realizing that ultimately in what Washington policymakers, in typical semantic obfuscation, call ‘‘the out years.’’ close vote. In 1993, as a candidate for what is good for Tennessee is good for The out years never quite arrive; they con- the U.S. Senate, and in 1994 I ran on a America and what is bad for America tinue to lie beyond grasp. So the debts in- platform committed to trying to make cannot be good for Tennessee or any crease and the charade continues with each certain that the will of the people of other State. new congressional session. my State was acknowledged and was We have a proliferation of interest I ask my colleagues whether or not followed by the Congress of the United groups as we pass more and more laws that sounds familiar. States. and regulate more and more things. Finally, he states that: The fight for term limits in Wash- Those who are the objects of those laws These are among the many reasons the po- ington, however, must continue. I and those who are being regulated nat- litical system remains under siege. A more pledge to fight in Washington and urally come to town to tell us what we elemental one involves the public conviction make sure that the limits the people of are doing to them. When these pro- that the American political system has pro- Michigan voted for would be permis- grams are ingrained and people are duced a generation of politicians in both par- sible. Term limits are widely observed used to receiving these moneys, there ties who can’t, or won’t, tell the truth, be- at other levels of Government, Mr. is no turning back. It is always more cause if they do, they will not win; and that President. and more and more. lie permeates American politics. The President of the United States, You attend hearings for a month, and It is a sad situation, Mr. President, 41 Governors, 20 State legislators, and you will never hear anybody coming sad situation. For those of us who sim- hundreds of State and local officials back in saying they want to give some ply say, the status quo, we cannot currently abide by term limits. Why money back to the Federal Govern- make any fundamental changes, things not Congress? ment. It all goes the other way. We are are going great, I think the evidence is There has been an overwhelming ex- now facing what one philosopher said a overwhelmingly to the contrary. pression of support for term limits in long time ago; that is, the ultimate So, Mr. President, I say let us give State after State. Since 1990, more test for any democracy is whether or the States an opportunity. That is all than 25 million votes have been cast by not, when they discover they can pay we are doing with this constitutional voters in 22 States supporting congres- themselves out of their own treasury, amendment. Let us give the States an sional term limits. Polls have consist- there can ever be any turning back. opportunity to address this issue and ently shown that more than three- The other thing we need to address, see whether or not the people really be- quarters of the American people favor along with the absolutely horrendous lieve what the polls indicate that they term limits. I believe, Mr. President, fiscal problem that lies for our children do. I feel like that is the least we can that it is our obligation to fight to to keep up with, is the public cynicism. do and is our foremost responsibility to make sure that the people’s voice does Out of all of this trying to be respon- see if we cannot better derive a system not go unheard. sive, out of all of this poll taking, out in the future that would allow us to The 104th Congress is the first Con- of all this technology that we have to cope with this unbelievable cynicism of gress to have recorded votes in either monitor the pulse so we can claim we the American people toward us and our Chamber on term limits. The Senate

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3772 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 vote this week will join the 1995 House year, for the first time we voted in the to the entire Bitar family of Dearborn, vote to produce first-ever votes in both very first action taken by the Con- MI, who lost their two sons due to the Houses. The vote in the House was held gress, to apply the laws that apply to most recent violence in Lebanon that in March 1995 and received a majority the rest of the country to Members of occurred last Thursday. Hadi, who was of 227 votes. Passage, however, of a Congress themselves. We put an end, in age 8, and his brother, Abdul Mohsin, constitutional amendment would have the Congressional Accountability Act, age 9, were visiting their grandmother required a two-thirds majority, or 290 to the double standard that said that in their home village of Qana during votes. things we adopted here as Federal law their spring break from school when For the first time in history, the were fine for the rest of America but the fighting broke out last week. They Senate will vote on term limits. While not fine for ourselves. That has begun sought refuge in the United Nations the measure is not currently expected to change the way we do things here in shelter, which was tragically bombed. to receive the necessary 67 votes re- the U.S. Senate. The loss of civilian lives, Mr. Presi- quired for passage, this vote is an im- I have been intrigued by the fact that dent, no matter where it occurs, is al- portant beginning to what I believe is so many of my colleagues and I have ways devastating, but it is especially an inevitable outcome. While approval found that meeting the various labor tragic when children, in this case, 8- by two-thirds of the House and Senate and other laws, requirements that we and 9-year-old children, are killed will not be easy, the support of 75 per- now are required to follow, have senselessly. When a loss such as this cent of the American people will make changed the way we operate our office occurs so close to home, as it did in an a difference as we continue this impor- and made us more mindful and con- important city in my State, many indi- tant effort. cerned about labor relations and other viduals in the Michigan community When I campaigned for the Senate in issues that come on a day-to-day basis were affected. They feel this very deep- 1994 in my State, I heard from one end before us in our Senate offices. In the ly. I am here today to speak on their of Michigan to the other a consistent same way that has put us more in behalf. and very, very responsive, positive pub- touch, I think nothing will put Con- This occurrence highlights both the lic outpouring of support for term lim- gress more in touch with people back urgency and the necessity of bringing its. People felt that the Congress, in home than a frequent and regular turn- peace to the Middle East. I strongly particular, and Washington as an insti- over in the composition of the House urge the administration to persist in tution was out of touch. They felt that and Senate of the United States. trying to negotiate a cease-fire in Leb- a lot of factors were at play, but, most Mr. President, I believe that the term anon and to bring an end to the hos- importantly, they felt that too many limits movement is a movement that tilities immediately. I sincerely hope people ran for Congress or for the U.S. will only grow. If 75 percent favor term that no more tragedies such as this Senate, went to Washington, and ulti- limits today, I believe it will be even a occur and that no more innocent lives mately stayed so long that they lost higher percentage in the years to come. are lost while these negotiations per- sight of the reasons that they ran for That is why whether or not we are able sist. Yesterday, I attended a special in the first place. to succeed this year in passing term prayer service for the two boys who Promises in campaigns were seldom, limits, it is only a matter of time, I be- were killed last week. The ribbon I am if ever, kept. Indeed, by the end of a lieve, before we will have term limits wearing today, Mr. President, was term the promises of the previous cam- as part of our Constitution. given to me at that service as a tribute paign had often been totally forgotten. To that, I want to commend the ma- to the lives that have been lost. All I People felt that this lack of contact jority leader, Senator DOLE, for sched- can say, Mr. President, is I intend to be and communication, this out-of-touch, uling the vote on term limits here in on the floor every day to talk about Washington, inside-the-beltway men- the Senate. For all the talk about what is going on, and these tragedies, tality was the reason that Washington bringing reform to Congress, I believe until, hopefully, we will see a cease-fire had not been able to deal with impor- our best approach to make Congress and an end to the senseless killing and tant problems confronting America better is through term limits. I urge all the bloodshed. and, in particular, the problems of the of my colleagues to support this much- f Federal budget deficit and runaway needed reform of our political system. I Federal spending. urge them to support it because it is CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT TO People in my State believe that they the right direction to take. I urge them LIMIT CONGRESSIONAL TERMS have sent too many of their hard- to support it because it has such strong The Senate continued with consider- earned earnings to Washington. They popular support. I also urge them to ation of the bill. would like to keep more of what they support it because I think it is only The PRESIDING OFFICER. The earn. They feel the Federal tax burden right that the citizens of the various amendment before the body is amend- is too high. They cannot understand States have the chance to set the lim- ment 3698. why they have to balance their family its on terms of Federal officials. Is there further debate? budget, but we in Washington have not To conclude, that the citizens of Mr. ASHCROFT. Mr. President, been able for 25 years to balance the Michigan do not have the constitu- thank you for the recognition. I want Federal budget. tional authority to determine how long to thank my friend, the Senator from The reason, they feel, more than any their Members of Congress and their Michigan, for his outstanding analysis. other that has led to this problem, this U.S. Senators may serve, is, in my I also want to express my sympathy to lack of responsiveness, is that too judgment, a strong repudiation of the him and to those citizens of Michigan many Federal officials have been away rights of people in a free democracy to whose children were victims of the lat- from home too long, too many Federal make decisions for themselves. est bombings. I commend him for his officials have lost touch with voters Mr. President, I close on this note, by work in this area and thank him for back home and do not understand the urging my colleagues to support the bringing our attention to this matter. things that motivate the average work- term limit efforts we are undertaking Mr. President, I want to talk about ing families in Michigan. this week. term limits. I want to mention some Mr. President, I do not think Michi- Before I yield the floor, I will ask important reasons why I think it is es- gan is atypical. I suspect that virtually unanimous consent to speak as in sential that Members of this body sup- every Member of this body hears the morning business for 2 minutes to port the opportunity of the States to same thing in their State. I suspect make a brief statement. ratify a constitutional amendment. Members of the House of Representa- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The Senate does not have the author- tives, likewise, hear the same senti- objection, it is so ordered. ity to amend the Constitution. We ments expressed to them when they are f merely have the authority to extend to in their constituency. the States the right to ratify a pro- Now, this Congress has begun to SYMPATHY TO MICHIGAN FAMILY posed amendment to the Constitution. move, I believe, in the right direction Mr. ABRAHAM. Mr. President, I rise To vote against this proposal is basi- to address some of these concerns. Last today to express my deep condolences cally to say that the wisdom of the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3773 Congress is so superior to that of the It is also important to look at the that we would have had a balanced States that we should not even entrust history of term limits. I think the word budget amendment, something we have them with decisionmaking power on ‘‘history’’ is important here. So often yet to get. In 1990, 1992, and in 1994, we limited tenure. people debate term limits as if this would have approved the balanced Why, then, should we have congres- were some theory that needs to be budget amendment. sional term limits? Why should we send hashed out in the think tanks before Not surprisingly, the line-item veto, to the States this opportunity for rati- the American people could understand which we only passed this month, fication? I believe we ought to because it. This is not a decision made in a vac- would have been enacted more than 10 that potential for ratification is con- uum of facts or experience. It is a deci- years ago, in 1985. Think of the thou- sistent with the central values of this sion made in an arena with which the sands, tens of thousands, think of the Republic, the central political themes American people are fully familiar. millions of dollars that might well and understandings of our democracy. The American people have a history have been saved had we had the capac- The first of those is that we are rep- of term limits. It is not the passion of ity to knock pork out of Federal budg- resentatives of the people. We come the moment. It is not the whim of a ets as early as 1985. I believe that new- here to provide the people a voice. And particular time. It is an understanding comers do reflect something special while we are to exercise our own judg- about the way government works. And about the process. ment, we are to represent the people of they have said, yes, we want it for the Let me make another point. Some the State or district from which we Presidency of the United States. So people have said that we need experi- hail. you have term limits for the Presi- enced people in Washington. I could What do the people of America think dency of the United States. not agree more. But I have to say that about term limits? Well, the polling Let me also say that I believe that I do not believe that the only experi- data indicates that 74 percent of them those who indicate that there are not ence we need in Washington is govern- favor term limits. And 41 States have enough qualified people in the country ment experience. Some of the very best imposed term limits on their Gov- to replace qualified Members of the Members of this body are individuals ernors. As it relates to city councils, Congress have a view of a talent pool in who have brought a wealth of experi- many cities—from New York to Los America which is unduly shallow. ence from the private sector. To sug- Angeles—have imposed term limits on When George Washington walked gest that we need people who have their own city councils. away from the Presidency after his years and years of experience in gov- As you look at the political map, you first two terms in office he understood ernment is a bankrupt idea which fails find out that there is a glaring hole in that America was a place filled with to understand that experience happens the term limits net: the U.S. Congress. knowledgeable citizens whose judg- in places outside the public sector. It exists for the President, not the Con- ment and capacity would sustain this A couple of other things that are sig- gress; it exists for Governors, for State Republic, and he did not allow himself nificant to me about the Cato study. legislatures, for cities, counties, and to be swayed by the arrogant nonsense And what are the things which would towns. all kinds of things across Amer- that there are just a few people in have failed? You guessed it. The last ica. But there is one place where it has America who are bright enough, or ca- two tax increases and the last two con- not existed. pable enough, or sound enough to make gressional pay increases would not There is another fundamental value decisions. He understood that the tree have passed the Congress. Interesting. of American culture that term limits of liberty would be nourished by an in- All of the things that would restrain respects and reinforces. It is the value flux of creativity that would be found Government would have passed, and of access and participation. When a few as individuals stepped aside to return the things which fund Government people believe they are the only people to citizenship and as citizens stepped in would not have. that have the capacity to do a par- to accept the responsibilities of gov- It comes down to this fundamental ticular job, they tend to shut others ernment. set of values as to whether government out of the process. The unfortunate ef- It is high time that we had the same exists for the benefit of government or fect of incumbency is that it has closed understanding of the talent pool in the whether government exists for the ben- down the system even further. United States. The pool of available efit of the people. In ‘‘The Federalist The American people are under- talent in this country is incredibly Papers,’’ Madison wrote of a Congress standing folks. They have watched as deep. We have great resources. We have with a ‘‘habitual recollection of its de- 91 percent of the incumbents who run tremendous citizens. There are out- pendence on the people.’’ Unfortu- for office win reelection. That means standing persons, and we ought to tap nately, we find ourselves in a democ- that a challenger has a 1-in-10 chance them and call them into the process. racy where the citizens all too fre- to defeat a sitting Member. Now, you Then we ought to send ourselves home quently have a constant recollection of do not have to be a math wizard to un- to live under the very laws for which their dependence on government. derstand that, in an open seat situa- we vote. Just think of the agriculture bill we tion, the two challengers have a 50 per- I do not want to be a part of those passed early this month. Farmers were cent chance of winning. Furthermore, who underestimate the strength and waiting to find out what they could the data suggests that when there is the capacity of the people of this great plant. It was a country dependent upon the prospect of an open seat, the num- land. We have a tremendous capacity government, instead of a government ber of candidates increases exponen- in America. We should open the door of that was dependent upon, and cog- tially. In other words, there is a sub- self-government to those individuals so nizant of, the citizens. stantial broadening of the variety of that they can participate in govern- The principal value here is that we choices that the American people have ment by virtue of coming in and being recognize what it is the people want. In from which to choose. a part of the U.S. Congress. this case, it is a constitutional amend- I think we ought to make sure that What would the United States look ment on term limits. I believe we happens more and more frequently. like if we were to have had term lim- should reinforce a reform which would Those who study political science indi- its? What kind of changes would there promote access and participation, and cate that as you approach an open seat be? Mind you that I am prepared to say which would level the playing field so race there are increasing numbers of that I believe we ought to make the de- that individuals who offer themselves individuals who prepare themselves for cision about term limits based on the for service have a fair shot. the vacancy by offering themselves as fundamental values of this country, One last footnote. A term-limited candidates. based on the sense that we ought to Senate would be a different Senate be- That is one of the reasons why I have open access and that we ought to cause it would require the Chamber to think the 6-year limit in the House is have more participation based on the operate on the basis of merit, rather so valuable. It would virtually guar- fact that we represent the people. than seniority. While I respect the in- antee that we would have enhanced But what would America look like? dividuals whose dedication to their levels of choice for the American peo- When Stephen Moore of the Cato Insti- country has allowed them to serve this ple in every elections. tute conducted a study, he indicated body, I do not concede that they are,

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3774 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 by virtue of their service, the most I think we should note at least that a dictatorship, and the corruption that qualified to lead committees or deter- Senator DOLE’s leadership provides the comes from dictatorship; followed by mine policy. I believe we should think first opportunity in the history of our anarchy and then the process starting about developing, and would develop if country to have this issue aired in this all over again. we had term limits, a leadership frame- Chamber in a clear fashion. He is the Those evils were on the minds and in work based on merit, not rank senior- first majority leader of the Senate to the hearts of the people who drafted ity. Incidentally, the 3–2 constitutional bring it to the floor and hopefully pro- our Constitution. They sought for amendment I proposed would do just vide us with the opportunity for a vote. something different and greater than that. It is a courageous thing to do because anything in the history of mankind, Mr. President, it is time for us to re- there is enormous pressure in this body any government in the history of man- spect the values of the American peo- and outside this body not to allow it to kind. They sought to find a govern- ple; 70 percent of them would like to come forward. ment that would last. They sought to consider a term limits constitutional Over 200 years ago, Thomas Jefferson find a government that would provide amendment. The time for us to extend wrote a friend and he suggested some the blessings of tranquility and order them that opportunity is now. interesting things. He said three things and liberty; that would not be simply I thank the Chair and I yield the were missing in the American Con- temporary, as every government had floor. stitution: a Bill of Rights, of course, been in the past, but that would be as The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who which was passed later on; limits on close to permanent as we could seeks recognition? the tenure of the chief executive—he achieve. Mr. THOMPSON addressed the Chair. was about 150 years too early, but he They believed that reliance on the in- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- got that right, because, as all the Sen- dividual and a stable form of govern- ator from Tennessee is recognized. ators are well aware, that was eventu- ment could bring about blessings to (Mr. ASHCROFT assumed the chair.) ally passed and added to our Constitu- mankind that had never before been Mr. THOMPSON. Mr. President, I tion—and lastly, the third item Thom- seen. This great experiment in democ- thank my colleague from Missouri. He as Jefferson mentioned was rotation in racy, in republican democracy, has has been a leader in this fight for a office for Members of Congress. shown exactly what they had hoped for. long time. His points are so well made. What prophetic words. Two of the The very essence of what American He mentioned the precedent set by three have come to pass. Mr. President, government is all about is an under- George Washington, that after serving I believe with all my heart the third standing that power corrupts and a two terms, purportedly got on his will come to pass as well. firm belief that, to have a stable, last- horse and rode out of town never to re- Many Members for whom I have deep ing government, we need to limit turn to Washington. People asked him respect have spoken on this subject and power. We need to limit power because to stay, but he knew better. He knew expressed real regret about this issue. power can corrupt and destroy and there were other people who were To some, they have taken the issue harm the stability and the freedom qualified to serve, and because he left personally, as a question of the value that we so highly prize. when he did, other people were able to of their service or a question of the For those who think that term limits serve. He set a good example. value of their continued effort to serve is out of touch with the American ex- The same example was set by Thom- this country. perience, who have not read the words as Jefferson. He served two terms back Speaking for myself, but I believe of Jefferson, who have not looked at when a President could serve for as speaking for others as well, no such in- the history of this country, where the long as they could continue getting tent or castigation of their service is pattern was for a turnover in Con- elected. So this is the example that intended at all. As a matter of fact, gress—for those who have not focused was set for us. And, of course, the peo- there could be nothing more American on that and somehow doubt that term ple who were in the Congress at that than putting a limit on power. That is limits is in the tradition of the Amer- time would not have thought of serving really what this is all about. It is not ican experience, think about the limits many, many years in Congress. They just about the example of Cincinnatus we put on power. It is the very essence were citizen legislators who came to returning to his farm after serving his and the very genius of what the Amer- town to interrupt their career and not country. It goes to the very core and ican experience is. We designed a Gov- make a career. So I think that the Sen- very heart of what Americans believe ernment where the House is able to ator’s point is very well made. about government. We are unique. We check the Senate and the Senate check I see my colleague from Colorado is are not simply the longest surviving the House. We do not allow a rush to in the Chamber. I yield the floor. democracy in the history of mankind, judgment. We think a longer view, a Mr. BROWN addressed the Chair. but we are a shining example to the more thorough analysis, can be bene- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- rest of the world of what can blossom ficial. Is it slower? Yes. Does it limit ator from Colorado. forth when people are free, what can one body’s power? Yes. Would the Sen- Mr. BROWN. I thank the distin- happen when the power of the Nation is ate be more efficient without a House? guished Senator from Tennessee for his primarily centered in the individual I suspect you could get an argument on leadership on this issue, as well as the and not in those who govern. that. But our founders thought the es- distinguished Senator from Missouri. The world’s history, recorded for sence was to limit power to cause good Both of these first-term Senators have some 4,000 to 5,000 years, is replete with deliberation and also prevent corrup- made an enormous difference in the examples of people who performed tion. body, and I think their service speaks great service. It is also replete with ex- It is not just the House and the Sen- volumes about the talent that is avail- amples of countries where power cor- ate that balance each other. It is an ex- able in this Nation. rupted. Americans, when we drafted ecutive that has the power of a veto. Mr. President, this is a hotly debated our Constitution, were more aware And it is not just the executive and the item, and while opinion in this country than any people in the history of man- Congress that face limitations, we have overwhelmingly supports term limits, kind of the value of governments in the a Supreme Court and a court system it is not a secret that it is not the most past. The writings of Polybius, that limits our power as well. The popular item ever presented in this Montesquieu, and Cicero were on the founders thought long and hard and Chamber. We have had difficulty get- minds and words and lips of the draft- they set up a system of government ting votes. The first vote on this was in ers of the Constitution. whose very essence, whose very core is 1947 by a Senator from Texas. He suc- They understood the cycle of govern- a limitation on power. ceeded in getting one vote—his own— ment that Polybius had observed, so They were concerned, some would and it was a long time before it was many, many centuries ago; the tend- say obsessed, with preventing the cor- raised again. ency of power to corrupt. The tendency ruption that comes with too much In the last several years, we have of democracy to turn into an aristoc- power so they set up a system that been able to get several votes, but they racy, ruling by the few; and the tend- puts its primary focus on individuals have never been clear and on the point. ency of an aristocracy to devolve into and not in government, not in the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3775 hands of a few but in the hands of There are three areas that I believe least have access to someone who has many. And what power we gave to the will change dramatically if we pass actually done it, who understands it, Federal Government we limited. term limits. Here they are. who has been there firsthand. How It is not just the checks and balances First of all, I believe the background much more effective this body could be in the Federal system that exist, but a of the people who serve in this body in if we had more Members who had real separation of powers between the Fed- both the House and the Senate will lifetime experiences like the Senator eral and the State level. Specific provi- change if we have term limits. One from Tennessee. sions, article X, the Bill of Rights, need only look at the lengthy service I believe, as I listen to these issues leaves those powers to individuals and of time that some Members have. But debated, if we had that, we would have States not specifically given to the even more significant, I think, is that much more effective laws. One thing Federal Government. All Members when we debate legislation we debate else I would suggest. If we had people know this. They are familiar with it. without the benefit of people having who worked for a living and a real But to say or to think for one moment fresh experiences in the real world with turnover, I do not believe we would that term limits is not the very es- regard to that legislation. I cannot tell have had 65,000 pages of new regula- sence of the spirit of the American ex- you how many times I have come and tions put in the Federal Register last perience of government is to miss the listened to millionaires discuss the year. point. Our whole approach has been an minimum wage, when they never held a For Members who are not aware of it, understanding of the corruption power minimum wage job in their life. Let me that is what it was—over 65,000 pages of can bring about, and the need to make tell you, if you got through school by new regulations were added last year. sure—the need to make absolutely working and paying your own way with That is not the total regulations that sure—that no one can rule without lim- a series of minimum wage jobs, you Americans are subjected to; that is just itations. This is not an aberration. have a different view of minimum wage what we added last year. This is not a change of the spirit of the jobs than if you inherited your money. If you sat down today to read the reg- American government. This term limit If spring break meant you had a ulations to which you are subjected is the embodiment of it. chance to get a second job to make and for which you can go to prison if Some will say wait a minute, we have you violate them or at the very min- gotten along pretty well without it. your tuition payment instead of taking For those, I suggest they look at the a yacht tour on your daddy’s yacht, imum face heavy fines, if you simply history of this Nation. For one, term you have a different view of what that wanted to find out what it is you are limits was not included in the Con- issue is. required to do, and you read 300 words stitution because people never thought If you are concerned about welfare, I a minute, which is pretty good for reg- Congress would turn into a lifetime ca- can tell you, if you have had to work ulations, and you read all day long, 8 reer. Service in the U.S. Congress was for a living, if you have had to scratch hours a day, with no coffee breaks, 5 thought to be just that, a service. One for a living, you have a different view days a week with no holidays and 52 of the big issues early on was raising of of what welfare is and ought to be than weeks a year with no vacations, you the pay to $6. For that they threw out if you have been wealthy all your life. would barely get halfway through. You If you are talking about regulating most of the Congress, for that huge pay literally could not read them if you de- businesses and jobs, you have a dif- increase. Service in the House and the voted yourself full time, and those are ferent view if you have been subject to Senate was thought to be a time where what we expect the American people to that regulation. Members of Congress you would serve your country, not gain follow. That is just the new ones; that for the first time—and I think it is of financially. That has changed. Some is not the ones that are already on the great benefit to this Nation—are now will say Members of Congress are over- books. being subjected to the same laws, or al- paid. Others, many here, think they (Mr. THOMPSON assumed the chair.) most the same laws—we are not quite are underpaid. But whether you believe Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, one of there but we are close—almost the we are overpaid or underpaid, there is the great benefits of term limits is to same laws that working men and no question that the salary for a Mem- bring into this body a group of people women in this country are. Does that ber of Congress is much different than who have a broader wealth of practical make a difference? You bet it makes a what it once was. experience. By that turnover, I think There is no question that it is a good difference. I see, day after day, what we will find is that we have be- living compared to any standard in thoughtful, reasonable, intelligent peo- come better legislators. America today. Are there people here ple on this floor talk about imposing There are a few subjects, no matter who could earn more? Yes, I hope so. regulations on the working men and the most liberal Democrat or conserv- There are some who could earn less on women of this country. ative Republican who, if they sit down the outside. But the point is this. Serv- Mr. President, with due respect, I and get their facts right, cannot come ing in Congress has changed from a pe- cannot help but think if they had actu- to agreement on. Yes, there are dif- riod of service that costs people money ally had those jobs, if they had actu- ferences; yes, there is a different phi- to serve, where the remuneration was ally done that work, they would have a losophy. But generally when men and much less than what they could get on much different view. I believe term women have the same basis of facts, the outside, to a compensation that, limits will change some of that. Term they are able to come to a similar log- even by the most meager description, limits will mean some turnover in the ical conclusion. is fairly adequate; something quite people who serve. I think it is much I believe one of the great advantages good. more likely we will have people serve of term limits is it will give our Mem- The phenomenon of people serving a here who have actually had working bers broader background, a greater long period in Congress has accom- experiences in the areas they attempt basis of personal facts and, as a con- panied a number of things. One, a dra- to regulate. sequence, they will be able to work bet- matic increase in compensation, and a I see the distinguished Senator from ter together. I think you are going to dramatic increase in the power that is Tennessee here, a physician, in our find them able to do a much better job. here. Service now is different than it midst. All of us have grown to respect There is no society in the history of was in the 1800’s. There are financial and admire him greatly as we have got- mankind that has ever produced 65,000 motives that did not exist. ten to know him and seen the integrity pages of new regulations every year, Do we want to go back to those days that he brings to his job. But he brings not Hammurabi, not Napoleon with his where Members of Congress received something more than just a bright code, nobody ever came close. little or nothing? No, perhaps not. But mind and great integrity. He brings If we think we can continue to be ef- neither should we close our eyes to the firsthand experience of his profession fective and competitive in a world mar- impact of that change. The simple fact as a physician. It is not a secret that ket when we have committed to tying is, this country has changed. Because when Members have questions about ourselves in redtape and regulations, of the power and because of the re- that, they turn to the Senator from we are dreaming. That is not going to wards, people now wish to serve long Tennessee for a practical view. Do they change until we have legislators who periods of time. always agree with him? No. But they at have had real-life experiences. That is

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3776 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 one reason I think term limits will be a limit on the number of terms a Mem- there for another 20 years and you a great blessing for this Nation. ber of Congress may serve. know that if you ever want anything Second, it is my observation, from Third, Mr. President, I think there out of that Appropriations Committee, having spent 10 years in the House and will be an advantage to this Nation that person, that man or woman, is 6 years in the Senate, that unlimited with term limits with regard to the going to remember you and is going to terms has led to a corruption of the pork-barrel spending. Let me put it as penalize you? process. Mr. President, I do not make succinctly as I can. The simple fact is, the majority of that charge lightly. Let me be specific This Nation, in 1945, was the greatest Members of Congress over the last about it. creditor nation in the history of the quarter century, and perhaps the last One of the political action commit- world. More people owed us more 50 years, have not done it. It is part of tees or groups that supported me when money than any in the history of man- how we got into this circumstance. The I ran for an open seat for the Senate kind. We produced 50 percent of the pork-barrel spending, spending not on was very frank. They said, ‘‘If we had world’s GNP. One nation, 6 percent of what each of us felt in our heart was a an incumbent that had a decent record, the world’s population, produced half good program—we have passed pro- we would never have supported you, no the world’s products and services, and grams that are nonsensical. matter how much we like you, no mat- we were the greatest creditor nation on How do you defend a subsidy program ter how you would vote, no matter the face of the Earth. for tobacco, for heaven’s sake? I do not what you would do. Our policy is to Today, we are the biggest debtor na- think anybody comes here thinking support incumbents.’’ tion on the face of the Earth. We owe that makes sense—maybe there are Is it a good policy on their part? I do more money than any nation in the some—but it gets passed and it stays in not think it is good for the country, history of mankind. law. And it does, not because people but it is probably good for their narrow How does that happen? How could think it is such a great idea, but be- issues. I do not mean to give short- thoughtful, reasonable people spend cause they know to get along you have change to those issues. I agree with themselves into potential insolvency? to go along. this particular group and many of the How could we set up trust funds that Mr. President, if you have term lim- things they do, but not with their an- promise benefits, require people to pay its the world changes. Suddenly the nounced policy to only support incum- in for their whole life on a chain-letter person who could retaliate against you, bents. Is that unusual? Tragically, it is financing scheme? If private insurance if you did not support every one of his not. The reality is many of our polit- companies did what the Federal Gov- appropriations or her appropriations is ical action committees support incum- ernment does, we would put them in not there permanently. Yes, you may bents if they have a voting record that jail for fraud. not get what you want this year, but is close to what they want. How could this happen? All of us next year or the year after there will Instead of being viable competitive know how it has happened. All of us be a new chairman, there will be a ro- races, what we have seen is a system know how this spending went wild. It tation, there will be fresh ideas, there where the funding for campaigns has happened because we set up a system will be new people, there will be a turn- become huge and incumbents have had where people would be in place for long over in thoughts and ideas and per- an enormous advantage. Let us not kid periods of time, and the way to get sonnel and the ability to enforce the ourselves. Anyone who says, ‘‘Look, we along was to go along. go-along, get-along rule will be dra- don’t need term limits because democ- Members have heard this on the matically reduced. Will it be ended? racy will take care of the process,’’ has floor. This does not shock or surprise No. I wish there was a way to end it. not looked at the facts. anyone. Perhaps someone will come But this will dramatically reduce the In 1 year in the House, we had more down and say, Hank, that’s not true, ability of people to enforce a go-along, people indicted than we had incum- but, Mr. President, it is true. get-along policy. It will dramatically bents defeated. Let me repeat that. One I cannot mention how many times I cut back on pork barrel spending. of the years in the House, we had more have been in debate on farm bills and Mr. President, I am persuaded that Members of Congress indicted than we we will offer an amendment to elimi- all three of these things will happen if had incumbents defeated. Does that nate the honey program. Some Mem- we have term limits. We will have mean some people who were indicted bers sincerely believe, if we did not much more knowledgeable people. We got reelected? Yes, that is exactly what have a subsidy program for honey, that will eliminate some of the corruption that means. bees would lose interest in flowers. in the process by having a turnover Mr. President, this is not a fair fight; Perhaps their parents did not give rather than having the built-in advan- this is not a fair process. Incumbents them a talk about the birds and the tage for incumbents. We will strike a have an incredible advantage. Those bees. But, they either believed that or blow at pork barrel spending in a way who say, ‘‘We don’t need term limits they voted for the honey program for that will be more effective than any- because the voters will take care of it,’’ another reason, and that reason, if you thing that is currently being done. overlook the fact of what happens review the debate, is pretty clear. But, Mr. President, I am persuaded when one candidate is on the air and People said, ‘‘Look, this may not be not just by these three things, but by can outspend the other candidate 3 and the best program in the world, but if something much more important. 4 to 1. They are closing their eyes to you do not vote for the honey program, There are people who can come to this the reality. The simple fact is, as long I will not vote for your cotton pro- body and serve and keep their con- as you have long-term incumbency, gram.’’ And, ‘‘If you don’t vote for the fidence and keep their independence you are going to have an enormous ad- cotton program, I won’t vote for the and keep their integrity. I salute them. vantage for incumbents in this Con- tobacco program.’’ And ‘‘If you don’t Many serve in this body right now, and gress. We have corrupted the process. vote for the tobacco program, we won’t America is a better place for it. But we In the House of Representatives, even vote for the peanut program.’’ must decide whether or not it is better in years when you have huge turnovers, Mr. President, how does this happen? to have a rotation of those who serve you have had more than 90 percent of Everybody here knows that is what in public office. It is better to have a incumbents reelected. The Senate in- happened. Everybody knows and under- turnover. Will some great talent be cumbency is of little less value, I sus- stands how we got into these silly pro- lost? Of course there will. But, Mr. pect, because there are slightly more grams. We got into these silly pro- President, some great talent will be competitive races. But make no mis- grams because people said, ‘‘I can get found. This is not a zero-sum game. take about it, incumbents in the Sen- what I want for my State if I will sim- For every person who retires we bring ate have a huge advantage in terms of ply support these programs for other in someone new with fresh, new vibrant fundraising. States.’’ ideas and new experiences. If you believe in viable, competitive Term limits make a big difference in This Nation was founded on the pre- races, you are going to want term lim- that. Are you going to go against the cept that we will reflect the will of the its. The process has been corrupted and chairman of the Appropriations Com- people. Almost 80 percent of the Amer- it is not going to change until we put mittee who you know is going to be ican people in every survey that is

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3777 found support this idea. Some surveys Government has all the answers, not In the words of former Minnesota go as low as 75, others to 85 and 90. But the individual. Congressman Bill Frenzel, ‘‘All the ti- the reality is the American people sup- Congress is no longer the body of the tans of Congress were pea-green fresh- port term limits. They support that be- people that was envisioned by our men once. They were good when they cause they do not believe that anyone Founding Fathers. Instead of citizen got there. Experience did not make in American Government should be legislators, it has become a body of them smarter. It just gave them more that powerful or that this should be a professional politicians whose ultimate staff and made them harder to say no lifetime job. goal, again, is to spend the entire bal- to.’’ Like Congressman Frenzel, I, too, I believe, Mr. President, we will find ance of their careers in public office. believe that ‘‘Congressional term lim- an enormous benefit to the American Public service has become the basis of its would restore balance to our system public with term limits. Is it going to their way of life. Again, I would like to by extending to the legislative branch pass this time? I do not know. The vote add, public service in itself is not bad. the noble precedent of term limits ap- count seems to indicate that we are But, again, too much power or control plied by the 22d amendment to the ex- short. But, Mr. President, I do believe in the hands of too few for too long is ecutive branch only. Both branches it will pass. I do believe Thomas Jeffer- bad. need limits.’’ son’s third suggestion for the Republic But when individuals have a vested The 1994 elections were a mandate for will be enacted. I believe we will be a interest in maintaining their elected change. Establishing term limits will stronger, greater, more productive and positions, they are hardly the people deliver on a promise we made to the creative people because of it. I yield you should entrust to reduce the size of American people. It was a promise, I back, Mr. President. Government and reform the institution can assure you, from which this Min- Mr. GRAMS addressed the Chair. that keeps them fed. nesota Senator will not back down. Be- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Career politicians too often put their cause service in this institution should ator from Minnesota. own short-term personal interest in be exactly what our forefathers in- Mr. GRAMS. Mr. President, I asso- seeking reelection ahead of the long- tended it to be—that is, a temporary ciate myself with the remarks of Sen- term good of the country. period of service to the Nation, fol- Too often, they are the first to cave ator BROWN. He has outlined the issue lowed by a return to our jobs, to the very, very well, as has the Presiding in to special interests and too often, family business or to other careers, a Officer, and as others. career politicians are the last people in return home, to live under the laws he Mr. President, as Americans from Washington who really want to cut or she helped to enact. across this great Nation demand true spending. We talk about the lack of faith And again, statistics show, the congressional reform and greater ac- Americans have in Congress and those longer a person serves in Congress, the countability from their elected offi- who serve here. We joke about those more spending he or she supports, be- cials, I rise today to strongly support polls which show Members of Congress cause they believe Washington has all this resolution which would impose at the lowest levels when it comes to the answers. the public trust. But, Mr. President, it term limits on Congress. During the 1980’s, it was easier to re- When I ran for the U.S. House of Rep- is not a joke. We have got to restore move a member of the Soviet Politburo the public confidence which has been resentatives in 1992, I made a firm com- than it was to remove a Member of the mitment to the voters of Minnesota’s stripped away by years of abuse by U.S. Congress. powerful, lifelong politicians. Sixth District that I would support The arrogance of power exhibited by Federal term limits. When I ran for the Mr. President, let me conclude by these career politicians has led many saying that term limits are a first step Senate in 1994, I made that same com- voters to become disenchanted, frus- mitment. And amidst a political cli- toward restoring that trust. I believe trated with Congress’ inability or un- that is a vital step. I urge my col- mate of voter distrust and disgust with willingness to put aside personal mo- the system, I firmly believe that my leagues to support the passage of this tives of protecting political careers and resolution which will go a long way to- strong support for term limits is one of honestly deal with the Federal Govern- ward restoring the faith of the Amer- the reasons I won both of those elec- ment’s budget problems. ican people in their elected representa- tions. Fortunately, Mr. President, times On January 5, 1993, after I was sworn tives here in Washington. have changed. Some of the most ardent Mr. President, I yield the floor and into public office for the first time, the opponents of term limits are no longer suggest the absence of a quorum. very first thing I did was cosponsor a among us. I believe one of the reasons The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ab- bill to establish term limits for Mem- for this change is the commitment of sence of a quorum has been suggested. bers of Congress: two 6-year terms for so many of our new Senators and Rep- The clerk will call the roll. Senators, and six 2-year terms for resentatives to the concept of term The legislative clerk proceeded to Members of the House. limits. And it is a message that reso- call the roll. After 2 years in the House, and now nates mightily across this country. Na- Mr. SIMPSON. Mr. President, I ask into my second year of serving in the tional polls have shown time and time unanimous consent that the order for Senate, my enthusiasm for term limits again that the American public over- the quorum call be rescinded. has not wavered. If anything, I am even whelmingly supports term limits. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. more convinced that congressional Throughout my campaign in 1994, I BROWN). Without objection, it is so or- term limits would be the single most spoke with voters across my great dered. important reform measure Congress State—Minnesotans young and old, Re- Mr. SIMPSON. Mr. President, I want could pass this session. publican and Democrat, from factory to thank our friend and colleague, Sen- When we look at the problems facing workers to corporate executives. And ator FRED THOMPSON of Tennessee, for our Nation today, and the inability of these individuals impressed upon me what he is doing and the way he is Congress to deal with our skyrocketing the importance of term limits. doing it. He does it out of the utmost budget deficit and national debt, much Opponents of term limits claim that sincerity, the utmost authenticity. I of the responsibility rests upon career Congress will lose effective leaders, have known him a long time, since politicians, because studies have which it will. I will say there are many back in the days when he worked with shown, the longer elected officials are who have served many years and served our leader, Howard Baker, in a dif- in Washington, the more they come to well, but, at the same time, Congress ferent role. He ran on this issue. A lot believe that government has all the an- will gain effective new Members, who of people did. This was just one of swers. More spending will solve the will take up where others have left off. many issues that he laid himself out to problems. In the private sector, many corpora- the voters on. He said, ‘‘I believe in The longer they serve in Congress, tions and factories replace their CEO’s, this.’’ And they said, ‘‘We believe in the more likely they are to support every 5 to 10 years, mainly to get new you.’’ So that is why he is here. even larger spending programs which life, new ideas, and new enthusiasm, There are those in both parties who means they believe—maybe they have new direction for their business, times would hope to avoid this measure, obvi- been here too long—that Congress or change and needs change. ously. I want to indicate my strongest

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3778 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 support for this measure which is of- So we would go down the list. Both Every single one of them. Every budget fered by our friend, to limit the terms parties do this—do not miss this. I analyst agrees that so long as the Gov- of service in the U.S. Congress—con- hope the American people do not miss ernment indexes inflation at too high a tentious, a bitter pill for some, dif- it. OK, you go down the list and say, rate, we will overspend on COLA’s—and ficult to grasp for others, but seen ‘‘This Senator is up for reelection. So in everything from Social Security to pretty clearly by the people of the we cannot ask too much of him or her, Federal retirement, to military retire- United States, especially in my own that would be terrible. We cannot put ment. And we will also collect too lit- State, where 77 percent of the people the heat on them. But this other Sen- tle in tax revenues as a consequence of voted for term limits. Of course, they ator was just reelected. We can get him improper indexing. That, my friends, did not do that when I was running for or her to go with us,’’ and so on, down results in larger and larger deficits. my third term. But I was always very, the list. Everyone around here knows This is no secret. We all know this is very much in favor of limitation of how very solicitous we become of our the case. terms, as I say, until I got to my third colleagues on our own side of the aisle There is not a thing that I will relate one. Then I had a lapse, just a light when they have a tough reelection in these remaining minutes that is not lapse, and now I am restored. I am fight. That is the way this remarkable consistent with the facts. We all know back. Of course, not running again, but arena works. Help so-and-so, he is com- this is the case. The economists who I will get to that in proper context. ing up, get the heat off of him, put it have testified know it to be true. That Let me tell you why I am here to on this fellow who has 5 more years, CPI overstates inflation by 0.7 to 2.2 support Senator THOMPSON. I did not and they will forget his vote by the percent. CBO knows it is true. OMB come quickly or early to this position. time it is time for his reelection. On knows it is true. And that is why nei- I came painfully to this position about and on it goes. That is the way it is ther of them is using CPI to index our term limits. I really thought they were played. discretionary appropriations caps. I a mistake at first. I say facetiously— On every even-numbered year, one- hope you heard that. No, they both use obviously, when I ran for my third third of the Senate and the entirety of a ‘‘chain-weighted GDP index.’’ I am term, but I cannot help but notice now the House is quaking in its political going to try that one on the floor. I there is a certain strain in some edi- skin, afraid to cast any of the really, know that is a mouthful. But if it is torial commentary about this measure, really tough votes, because they dare good enough for OMB and CBO, surely implying that it is some kind of ‘‘feel- not do anything but cast the really po- it should be good enough for us, as we good’’, toothless symbolic action, a litical vote, the one, if it is called po- wander through the wilderness here. So way of diverting us from our real chal- litical, for which there is only one rea- we will try that chain-weighted GDP lenges. Saying if we would only do our son, and that is to get reelected. index, which will knock off about 0.4, work, ‘‘if you would just do your work, That is what I found. It was very and that will be a lot better progress you would not need all these remark- clear to me what was happening. There than what we are getting right now. able dodges and sophistries.’’ is this large number, every even-num- But the politics have been diagnosed I cannot disagree with those charges bered year, all of the House Members, a as the problem. The President does not any more strongly than I do right now. third of the Senate, a large number of want to offend anyone who might be I will briefly describe for my colleagues legislators in Washington, thinking too receiving a COLA. I understand that. the real-world road which I took to my much about politics and not suffi- Even if the COLA they are now getting current opinion—book, page, and hymn ciently about principle and about the is certifiably too large and even though number, with no musical accompani- best interests of their Nation. It is no it has nothing to do with your net ment. Here it is. My interest come only wonder that it is terribly hard around worth or your income. Try that one. when I first served this party in this here to take action against the chal- That is the way it works. It does not Senate as the Republican whip—I hope lenges that so vex this country. you hear this—when I became the That is what I observed. What I felt matter what your net worth or your in- whip, the second in my party serving then and now, if we do term limits, come is. CPI, Consumer Price Index— under this remarkable man, Senator then after it kicks in—I shall tell you oh, is that a COLA? They are not the BOB DOLE, who I have the richest admi- what you have after it kicks in. You same. Heed the words of our able friend ration and regard for, in every respect. will have one-third of the U.S. Senate from New York, Senator PAT MOY- I served him loyally and will continue voting right. That is what you will NIHAN, about how the distortion has to do that in any capacity that he have. Then you go find 18 other people, come about with the cost-of-living al- would request of me—here or whatever and that will give you 51. You can al- lowance and CPI. They do not fit. But the endeavors of his life take him. It ways find those other 18 people because they have been fitted. was when I was the Republican whip they are in that pool of about 40 Demo- So even if the COLA is now certifi- that I began to appreciate the severe crats and Republicans in this body who ably too large, we do nothing. And so need for some kind of term limitation. are ‘‘always right there.’’ They are al- the President, being the very savvy po- Let me tell you how that work went ways there. They are steady, thought- litical person he is, in a political year, on, even though many of my colleagues ful, they watch, they sometimes do intends to use this as a political weap- know exactly what that work is, the their partisan strut—often, and we are on. A Republican-controlled Congress work of the whip. We would have a all good at that—and they are always will refuse to jump off the cliff, then, very tough vote ready on this floor. there. They are the ones from whom because of that effect, not wanting to The troops would be out, the deputy you would draw 18 and then with the 33 give him any political benefit. As a whips, and the leader would say, ‘‘This you have voting right with no pressure, consequence—both parties playing is a critical national issue,’’ and I and you find the 18 out of the pool of 40 and what is called partisan politics—noth- my colleagues would go to each Sen- move on with the Nation’s business. ing gets done, even when we all agree ator and say, ‘‘This is a tough bill, but The astonishing and truly regret- that it is a must and could be done this is a critical national issue. This is table aspect about all of this is, even without really setting back this coun- bigger than you, bigger than me, bigger when there is a broad consensus about try in any sense. And a 1-percent re- than any individual item. Are you with the nature of the problem, pure politics duction in the CPI—and nobody is sug- us?’’ About once every 2 months, some- will keep us from addressing it. gesting that—in 10 years lops $680 bil- times even once a month, one of my If you want a few examples, well, I lion off the pile. It is a lot smaller in 7 colleagues would say, ‘‘You know, I just happened to drag a few in. Case in years, about $68 billion. So that shows would love to do that, but I can’t, be- point. This year, the Consumer Price you the exponential growth, if 1 per- cause if I do that, I’ll be history. I’ll be Index—this is a pure ‘‘no-brainer,’’ and cent of the CPI would save $68 or $70 out of here. I’ve got a tough campaign there was not a shred of substantive billion in 7 years in 10 years it will save and you are asking me to cast this controversy here until the senior citi- you $680 billion. You are saying that is vote—forget it. I’m gone if I vote that zens groups got worked up. Every econ- impossible, but it is not. That is what way. They will just use it against me, omist who testified before the Finance is happening here, and that is what we and I’m out of here. I’ll be history.’’ Committee said that it is overstated. should address—and we do nothing.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3779 When we did this and discussed it in those people that I just described and ever it is we most want to do our- the Bipartisan Commission on Entitle- some of them we enjoy and work with selves—or on keeping the size of the ment and Tax Reform, we actually, na- every day. Then why did we sign this— Federal Government within reasonable ively, thought that it would be like 30 of 31 of us? It was because it is a re- bounds. falling off a log, to simply do some- port of a statement of fact. It is not It is a reality that we cannot escape thing with the CPI, which is so over- about ideas, not about ideology, not unless we radically reduce the growth stated at every turn. But, no, the about partisanship. These are facts. of the largest entitlement programs. AARP did not like that idea at all. No, One fact is very evident—and remem- indeed. And the Commission for the ber we were appointed by our Presi- What has been our response? The Preservation of Medicare and Medicaid dent—and that one fact is that we are first response was to leave Social Secu- thought that was an ugly trick. And so on an unsustainable course. We have rity ‘‘off the table’’. That is a remark- they will help us administer it on into locked into the law a huge promise of able thing to do—to leave off the table bankruptcy. benefits that far exceed our country’s an item that is $360 billion a year, and I am grateful to my colleagues for ability ever to pay. The unfunded man- it is now ‘‘off the table.’’ Both Repub- hearing me out, because I deal with dates for these programs will simply licans and Democrats did that. If one these issues regularly, and I have been wipe us away. We all know this to be single Senator can demonstrate to me talking about these things all of my the case. Largely due to the growth of that this was the result of substantive political life. This is not something Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, critical analysis rather than political new or some swan song caper in the and Federal retirement, this country positioning, I would be most intrigued middle of the night. I am grateful for stands, by the year 2012—now here is to hear the rationale. The truth is we those who come up and say, ‘‘You are what the report disclosed: That with no all know better—as we admit in a joc- right, AL, we need to do something increase in revenues—that means no ular way to each other when the cam- about CPI.’’ I wish I could count all of more taxes, no more, never, never, ever eras are not rolling. my colleagues who have said that; yet, no taxes—and having done a perfect nothing gets done. How can that be? health care bill, which we know Let me show you Social Security, the The answer lies wholly in the area of would—as we see in our votes with re- one we left off the table, which we are political fear. That is a word I want to gard to the Kassebaum-Kennedy pro- never supposed to talk about. I do like use. The word is ‘‘fear.’’ Forget all the posal—be tough to do, and ours is pres- to talk about it. I take these charts to rest of it. ‘‘Fear.’’ ently an incremental approach and has my town meetings to ward off the So there is an example just right off to be—but if we were to do a ‘‘perfect gray-haired cat in the back of the the bat—and that is the meat part of health care bill’’ and no further taxes room. When I ask for a final question, the bat, not the end—how term limits now, and of course that would please I will often say, ‘‘I will take a final might immediately save future tax- all of our constituents. Then hear this question from the gray-haired gen- payers untold billions in deficit spend- scenario; tleman in the back.’’ Then the fellow ing. One percent in 10 years would be Were this the case then in the year will respond, ‘‘I’d rather have my hair $680 billion. And we are not even ask- 2012, there will then be only sufficient turn gray than turn loose,’’ which is ing that. revenue—that is, money—to pay for disturbing, when you look at my hair- So, as I say, in 1994, I served on the Medicare, Medicaid, Social Security, line, that I have to take that kind of President’s Bipartisan Commission on Federal retirement, and interest on the terrible abuse. Entitlement and Tax Reform. And like national debt. There will be not one So then he will say, ‘‘I put in it from that movie, ‘‘The Man Who Knew Too penny for transportation, education, Much,’’ I almost wish I had not been the beginning. SIMPSON, I want it all defense, WIC, WIN, Head Start, NEA, out, every bit of it. That is the con- appointed to do it. I have shown you a NIH, the National Institutes of Health, copy of our report. This is the interim tract.’’ I say, ‘‘By George, you are or anything else in this Government. right. I agree with you. You put in report. This was approved by a vote of Remember too—I do so hope the people from the beginning, did you?’’ ‘‘Yes, I 30 to 1. Who was on this Commission? of America can remember that those of did.’’ ‘‘Great. Let us then review for ev- Who were these dastardly people that us in this body do not even vote on 67 erybody here in the town meeting how were pointing out these things with re- percent of the national budget. Those much you put in because, if you put it gard to Medicare, Medicaid, Social Se- of us in the Congress of the United curity, bankruptcy in the system? I States do not cast a single vote on 67 in it from the beginning’’—and any 64- will tell you who they were. Let me percent of the national budget. It goes year-old, gray-haired cat like me can- read the names: Chairman BOB KERREY right on out the window, period Auto- not escape this because we all put in and Vice Chairman John Danforth, two matic pilot. In 7 years we will not be the same. ‘‘So, if you put it in from the very fine men that I have come to even casting a vote on 73 percent of the beginning, you never put in over 30 enjoy. Who was on the Commission? I national budget. It will just be going bucks a year for the first 8 years. And am not going to read the titles because out, being paid out and it goes out re- then you never put in over 174 bucks a the names will be so familiar: BILL AR- gardless. It goes out without regard to year for the next 18 years, ladies and CHER; DALE BUMPERS; MIKE CASTLE; means testing or ‘‘affluence testing.’’ gentleman.’’ Not one of them did. EVA CLAYTON; THAD COCHRAN; CHRIS It just gets paid out. It goes to people Then, finally you got stuck 300 bucks COX; KIKA DE LA GARZA; Robert regardless of their net worth or their a year, 800 bucks a year, $1,000 a year, Denham; JOHN DINGELL; PETE DOMEN- income. Every year that we are here— $1,500 a year, $2,000 a year, $3,000 a ICI; Tom Downey; Sandra Freedman; you have seen it, and I have seen it—we year, and in the 1980’s, $4,000. Now I PORTER GOSS; William Gray, former spend our time hacking around on the think I am putting in $5,000 a year, Congressman; Robert Greenstein; JUDD Appropriations Committee on the only which is my Medicare and Social Secu- GREGG; Karen Horn; Tom Kean; ALEX things we can find that we can cut, rity. MCMILLAN; CAROL MOSELEY-BRAUN; which is defense, education, transpor- So when I am all finished up with DANIEL PATRICK MOYNIHAN; PETE PE- tation, WIC, WIN, Head Start, and we contributions of payroll tax’’ if I retire TERSON; HARRY REID; Roy Romer; Dan don’t lay a hand on all the things we next year at 65, I will have put into the Rostenkowski; MARTIN SABO; Jim Sas- call ‘‘mandatory spending.’’ Social Security system about $55,000 in ser; Myself; Richard Trumka, and Mal- So we are trapped. We are trapping an entire lifetime. I will get it all back colm Wallop of Wyoming. Those are ourselves daily ever more deeply. in 61⁄2 years. Everybody knows that. the Members who served on the Com- These things cannot be sustained. That Everybody knows that. And if you re- mission. Some did not attend any is the situation which is impervious to tired in the 1980’s, the early 1980’s, you meetings. I think you might be able to ideology, or philosophy. It really does not matter whether your highest pri- got everything back you put in, plus pick out one or two. 1 There we were. That is the work we ority as an elected Senator is placed on interest, in only 2 ⁄2 years. And those did and we put out this statement. It a strong national defense, or on the are people who still show up at your was signed by all but one of these peo- children, or on vaccinating our kids, or town meeting. ple. I have shown you the remarkable the NIH, or the NEA, or roads, or what- There is no means test of benefits, no cross-pollinization of the issue with ever, or veterans, or seniors, or what- affluence test of their COLA, and that

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3780 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 is the way that is. But take a look at Do you remember that? I hope you are paying their Social Security pay- this. all do. Because now we are told by the roll tax in today, that tax is going This is a chart about me, ALAN K. trustees of the system that Social Se- right out this month to senior citizens SIMPSON. This is a blow-up of my So- curity can only now be saved until the regardless of their net worth or their cial Security earnings record for a life- year 2029. So from 1983 to 1996, we have income. time. It started between 1937 and 1950. compressed the drop dead date from Now, that is the way it is, and the I went to work at the Cody Bakery at 2063 to 2029, and everybody knows it. sooner we get to dealing quite honestly the age of 14; got the Social Security Everybody knows it. with what this system is, I think we card that year. My particular role in So if I were to retire at age 65, I will might have some semblance of ability that particular confectionery was to receive $1,170 a month. But if I wait to get out of it. place the pink glob in the midst of that until age 70, I will get $1,555 per month, Then came the proposal to reduce the white, crusty sugary business on top of with a life expectancy of—well, it is growth in Medicare below catastrophic the mushy sweet roll. I have never cheerful news. My father lived to be 95, rates—not ‘‘cut’’ it, but to slow the touched one of those since; never will my mother 94, my grandmother 100. I growth in the way that every objective eat another one of those because that will be rolling and rolling over in it, analysis has shown that we must. The was my job—plop, plop, plop. I was paid and it will not matter what my net President was suggesting slowing the $583, to which I coughed up a real worth or income is. Then also add to it rate of growth when he dealt with his chunk into Social Security—5 bucks a COLA every year. very controversial health care plan that year. The next year he paid me Does anybody within the range of my which was defeated. The President then less—for they found what I had been voice believe this is a sustainable sys- later talked about letting Medicare go doing with the confectioneries. tem? It is not. Senator KERREY and I up 7.6 percent or 7.8. Then I went off to the University of are trying to restore long-term sol- I admired that. I said that at the Wyoming and paid nothing because I vency to this system, because it will be time. Republicans are trying to let it never earned over $3,600 in a summer. I broke in the year 2029, and will begin to go up 6.4. The President might be at worked every summer, but I never to go broke in the year 2012 when we 7 now. We are not that far apart. That earned $3,600. Remember, ladies and start cashing in the bonds and Treas- gap could be closed very well. We could gentleman, you could make a million ury securities. close that gap because both the Presi- bucks, but you never paid anything Remember, ladies and gentlemen— dent and the Congress know that we over this lid here. So, if you made and please do not lob anything—there must slow the growth in Medicare. Be- 40,000 bucks this year, you never paid is no Social Security trust fund. There cause why? Who is telling us all this bi- any Social Security over $4,800 in this is no such fund. You know it. I know it. zarre business? The people telling us year. Then they slowly raised that All we have is what Franklin Delano this bizarre business are the trustees of through the years. Roosevelt as President and the Con- the Social Security and Medicare Pro- So, anyway, I finished the Army, fin- gress set for us, which is this: That if grams. Slowing the growth in the way ished college, went on to practice law, there is any surplus, any surplus at all that every objective analysis has and in the first year of practice when in the Social Security funds, it must be shown us that we must. my father took all the money and I did invested in securities of the United Are we going to get a severe political all the work, I put in 42 bucks—42 States, backed by the full faith and lesson from that one, an example of bucks. I made a little over $1,600. credit of the U.S. Treasury. So when what the Washington Post had called Then, in the most productive years of there are reserves, the Treasury pur- ‘‘Medagoguing?’’ President Clinton and my life to that point, for 18 years of chases T bills, savings bonds, whatever. too many others of us, Republicans and practicing law, I never put in over 816 Some of those are purchased by those Democrats, have decided to run for of- bucks a year. Nobody else did either. of us in this body. They are purchased fice this November on the assertion Not one person in this country put in by banks. By other Americans. The in- that we are saving America from any more in those years as a self-em- terest on those securities is not paid ‘‘cuts’’ in Medicare while at the same ployed person than 816 bucks a year. That is where we are. And you are out of some kitty called the Social Se- time ‘‘behind the scenes’’ every single telling us that this is sustainable? How curity trust fund. It is paid out by the one of us agrees somewhat on what absurd. But it is ‘‘off the table.’’ The General Treasury, ladies and gentle- kind of target needs to be hit to bring biggest gorilla in the jungle is now off men. We all know that. Everybody Medicare within reasonable bounds. We the table. knows that. We do not ‘‘steal’’ from all know that. As a consequence, what So, then, finally I came here in 1979, the Social Security trust fund and in have we accomplished? Not much on and put 615 bucks into Social Security profligate ways just poof it on down the Medicare front. That spending con- that first year. Then the next year, 951. the street. We do not do that. But we tinues to spiral upwards unabated. Then, you know. There it is—in 1989. go back to the town meeting and they Get this one. A few weeks ago what My total contribution was $2,980. So will say, ‘‘Now, that’s what you did. were we told? A little miscalculation was it for everybody else in America; You stole from the Social Security there. Instead of a surplus of $4.2 bil- period. So, if you total it all up, over a trust fund and blew it. You never put it lion that month in Medicare, we found lifetime it is about $55,000. back.’’ I said, ‘‘My friend, there was a $37 million deficit. That is the trust- Now here is the slot machine handle. nothing there to blow.’’ It is a series of ees telling us this too. It was startling Here is what I will get, and so will any- IOU’s that would stack to the top of to them. So maybe Medicare will not body else my age. This is my estimate this Chamber. go broke in 2002; it will only go broke of benefits. This is a photocopy of the It is all good stuff. It is good finan- in 2001. document directly from the Social Se- cial paper, but it is not—it is not— But do not forget this. If the Repub- curity Administration. Thank Heaven some kind of separate fund. If it was a licans get away with all these terrible they are sending this to people now. It separate fund, it would be, right now, tricks and do everything that we have is going out automatically to people. over $220 billion. Do you think we proposed to do to balance the budget in Millions of copies are going out thanks would leave that untouched if we could 7 years, and do it, Medicare will not go again to Senator MOYNIHAN. We owe find our way into it? Of course not. broke in 2002; it will go broke in 2010. him a great deal. The thing about it is that those re- What a deal. What a deal that we have We owe him a great deal because, do serves could reach $2 trillion before the ‘‘balanced the budget’’ and Medicare not forget, he was very involved in the year 2012, but then when we get to the will not go broke in 2002; it will go blue ribbon commission that met in year 2012, that is it. That is it, because broke in 2010. Everybody knows that. the early 1980’s and said to us all: We there will not be enough revenue com- Everybody. can save Social Security with a deft ing in to take care of the monthly pay- So as the spending continues to spi- blend of payroll taxes and some other ments going out—period, nothing. ral upwards unabated, the only real ac- changes, and if we do—and we all voted This is a pay-as-you-go system. It complishment of the exercise possibly on it—if we do, it will save the Social has nothing to do with a rolling trust will be to elect some new legislators Security System until the year 2063. fund or anything else. The people who who have pledged on their highest

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3781 honor to stop any cruel efforts to ever think I have not cast these politically regardless of their net worth or their deal with that silly problem again. Oh correct votes, too, as a chicken. I have income. And we cannot even change no, we will not do that one again, be- done that. But we will not get there by that. cause obviously too many people got enacting tax cuts. That was something So here is AARP, through Prudential beat when they tried to do that. the President wanted, something we raising their own premiums $31 a Then I do have this other document wanted. I was ready to go for capital month while they are killing off a pro- here which is worth everyone’s atten- gains. I will still go over the cliff, but gram in America to raise it $7 a month tion. It is a little yellow booklet enti- we will not get there by doing that. on something which is totally vol- tled, ‘‘Status of the Social Security We will not get there by increasing untary. You do not want anything to and Medicare Programs.’’ It comes to the minimum wage. We will not get do with a group like that. Yes, I know us from the Board of Trustees of Social there with line-item veto. We will not people stay in AARP because you can Security, and those persons are three get there by getting rid of fraud and get a room at Westin Hotel for $80 in- of the President’s Cabinet, Robert abuse. That will not get you there. stead of $140—I know those things—and Rubin, Robert Reich, Donna Shalala; More of it. The only way you get there the senior discounts here and there and and Shirley Chater, Stanford Ross, and is to deal with Medicare, Medicaid, So- at the movies. I know those things. I David Walker. cial Security, Federal retirement—pe- do not want to detract. I am a member. Then let me read this from page 11 in riod. All other is true fiction. I am using some of those. the section entitled ‘‘Need For Ac- And we will not get there by saying But here is this new one, just this lit- tion.’’ Remember, these are the trust- we are going to slavishly posture to tle one from this remarkable group, re- ees of the system, the stewards of the protect Social Security from the bal- garding the type of political pressure I system telling us this: anced budget amendment and thus let am talking about. This is the most re- During the past 5 years, there has been a it go bankrupt on its own. We will not cent mailing from one of our most in- trend of deterioration in the long-range con- get there by giving out more money to triguing senior citizen organizations, ditions of the Social Security and Medicare employed seniors with no affluence the National Committee to Preserve Programs and an acceleration in the pro- test, and I voted for that one, too. We Social Security and Medicare. It is la- jected dates of exhaustion in the related will get there only by slowing the beled as ‘‘The 1996 Benefit Cut Impact trust funds. growth of spending to the point where Survey.’’ Very interesting stuff. I paraphrase what the words ‘‘pro- revenues can keep the pace, and that is Question 1: ‘‘After promising never to jected dates of exhaustion’’ mean—that it, substantively. That is very difficult touch Social Security, many political is, going flat broke is what that means. politically. That is, alone, why it does leaders in Washington are discussing And further then: not happen. proposals that will result in smaller To some extent, the increasingly adverse Finally, I just could not let this go Social Security COLA’s, making it im- projections have come from unforeseen by. I have a new missive from the re- possible for your benefits to keep pace events and from the absence of prompt ac- markable group, the National Com- with the real inflation you experi- tion in response to clear warnings that changes are necessary. These adverse trends mittee to Preserve Social Security and ence.’’ This is best described—in the can be expected to continue and indicate the Medicare. These people are something, West, we would have a different term, a possibility of a future retirement crisis. We they really are, not quite as slick as different, perhaps, appellation for it—it urge that concerted action be taken prompt- the AARP, but nearly. Do not forget is a lie right off the bat. Because no ly to address the critical public policy issues the AARP is simply a group of 33 mil- one is talking about taking COLA’s raised by the financing projection for these lion Americans bound tightly together below the true size of inflation—no- programs. by a common love of airline discounts body, not a soul. To repeat the line I found most inter- and automobile discounts and phar- Next question, ‘‘Should your congres- esting: This situation arises ‘‘from the macy discounts, and they are really a sional representatives pose any meas- absence of prompt action in response to rugged and remarkable group. They ure that would result in lower Social clear warnings that changes are nec- are. They live in poverty downtown Security COLA’s?’’ essary.’’ here in a building they lease for $17 Oh, that one should not be too dif- In other words, we know fully that million a year—$17 million a year. ficult to answer for the citizen that re- we must act, and yet we refuse, out of They have about $345 million in T-bills ceives it. It is a rather brazen appeal to political fear, to do so. That, to my in the bank and rake in about $106 mil- the recipient’s financial self-interest mind, is well defined as irrespon- lion a year from Prudential Insurance without any accompanying discussion sibility, or as akin to chickens, as I Co., getting 3 percent of the premiums about the country as a whole and it have patterned upon my tie here. I on the MediGap policies. skillfully say the seeds for wrath to be wore this appropriately today. These And guess who helped kill off any re- expressed subsequently at the ballot are chickens that I try to show to peo- form and helped stall the Government? box. That is very important, that you ple between 18 and 40, so that they Do not miss this one. You remember do that when these mailings go out. know that they will be picking grit why we shut down the Government? Question 2: ‘‘If such COLA legislation with the chickens when they are 65 and One of the reasons is because part B— goes through, would you support your that they must get in this game and a totally voluntary program—pre- national committee in an all-out cam- figure out what is going to happen to miums in Medicare were going to go up paign to repeal it?’’ them. That is why I wear this beau- $7 a month. Some said, ‘‘We cannot That is pretty easy to understand, I tifully patterned haberdashery. have that.’’ So the AARP rose in high think, pretty easy. Another way of say- I could go on, but I can see my col- indignation, then helped kill that off, ing it is: ‘‘Will this committee be able leagues rising and heaving at their and, at the same time, they watched to bilk you out of more contributed desks. My colleagues have heard me the increase in the MediGap monthly bucks to our organization as compensa- speak on this issue before. Perhaps insurance policies they placed with tion for raining political threats down somewhat tiring is the message. But Prudential go up 31 bucks a month—all upon the bald or hirsute domes of those remember this. It will not work to say while they killed off the ability for us in Washington and environs?’’ SIMPSON is off the rail, or easy for him to say that those who have more Question 4: ‘‘If a balanced budget to say, he is not running, because I should pay more for part B premiums— amendment, one that did not protect have said these things back in time im- like $7 a month. the Social Security trust funds, came memorial, every time I ran. But I as- You have a current situation in to a vote in Congress this session, sure you I, too, am tiring of the inac- America about which every thoughtful would you urge your elected represent- tion. If we want to be spared the alarm American must scratch his or her head. atives in Congress to oppose it?’’ How bells that will be coming in this area, Part B premiums are paid, 25 percent nice. We have seen that campaign all we need do is meet our responsi- by the beneficiary and 75 percent by brought to the floor of the Senate sev- bility to our citizenry and cast the the people working here in the Senate eral times, the use of the Social Secu- tough votes to correct these problems. kitchen. Those folks pay 75 percent of rity ‘‘hot button’’ as a means of derail- I have heard that one, too. Do not the premium for us, or for anyone else, ing the balanced budget amendment.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3782 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 And it worked. It was also marvelously We all know it, we like these jobs; we People have a right to believe some- done when we repealed catastrophic want to continue. None of these crit- thing is a good idea, but I have an obli- health care. If we had done that 1 year ical things I describe will be done with- gation, if I happen to disagree with ago, we would not be in this box today. out a term limit. None. After it kicks that, to try my very best to educate And the AARP, although they say they in, I can only say one-third of the U.S. them, at least to an alternative view. never did have any official fingerprints Senate will be voting right every time, This whole idea is based on the as- on that, I mean, it looked like the and the Democrats or Republicans who sumption that every man and woman Abominable Snowman footprint when are leading this body at that time will who seeks public office does so, not to you got right down underneath it all— be able to find those other 18 to get the serve the public good, not to promote a much more than a fingerprint, a giant 51 votes to do the Nation’s business. I national agenda, which is good for our track, a gaping hole, a crevasse in the think that is a very important thing to people, but to feather his own nest, to ice. And there they were, then, and it do, is to be about the Nation’s business pursue a personal agenda. ‘‘You just worked, and it continues to be a source and not just continue to be assailed cannot trust those people in the U.S. of political agitation to this day and on and hammered flat by the groups who Senate for more than 12 years, because into the future. are so skilled at peddling fear, but ever you give them 13 years and they lose So this—and I conclude my re- more skilled at raising bucks, as they all of their integrity, all of their inter- marks—this mailing is but one exam- terrify the American senior citizens. est in the national good.’’ ple of the cottage industries which I thank the Chair. Unhappily, occasionally somebody have sprung up all over this country Mr. BUMPERS addressed the Chair. around here proves that to be true. which aim to drain the Treasury of ev- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Somebody proves himself to be dis- erything they can get by whipping KYL). The Senator from Arkansas. honest or unethical or just a lousy credulous Americans and senior citizen Mr. BUMPERS. Mr. President, I Member of Congress. But I tell you, Mr. into a frenzy and scaring elected rep- think that I may be the first person President, the vast majority of the 535 resentatives half to death. It matters today to speak against this resolution, Members of Congress are honest, they not that these mailings are filled with but let me say, first of all, I am de- are ethical, they are hard working and sophistry and distortion and emotion lighted to do so. It is, admittedly, a they are fighting for what they believe and obfuscation. What matters is that freebie. You can vote for it in the abso- is in our national interest. they have a political impact and raise lute certainty that it is going nowhere, Ethics has become a very big issue big bucks, and too many here are and you can send out your newsletters around here. Most secretaries and of- afraid to buck the tide which they and press releases and tell your con- fice managers keep the Ethics Com- produce. By the way, I should note that the stituents that you did your best. mittee on autodial. So intent are they I have heard a lot of speakers this final request on page 6 of this missive in complying with arcane rules that a afternoon say, ‘‘Well, this is popular is for additional bucks, for the poor, lot of people around here do not under- with the American people.’’ Slavery ragged committee, a curious way to stand, and the ethics manual gets was once popular also, but I don’t hear protect the meager finances of the poor thicker and thicker each year. senior citizens, is it not? Asking them any of my colleagues arguing that slav- In 1960, 70 percent of the people in to give up $10 of their hard-earned So- ery was a good idea. this country said they had quite a bit Prohibition was also once popular. cial Security money for this commit- of confidence in Congress. In 1960, while Do you know what we got out of prohi- tee’s sake? And one effect of term lim- 70 percent of the people were saying bition because it was popular? Orga- its, in its most succinct form, is the they had quite a bit of confidence in nized crime, and that is all we got out one effect it would hopefully have on Congress, Members of Congress could of prohibition. Organized crime is still organizations like this, who are dedi- take a $100,000 contribution in $100 bills ensconced as part of our society be- cated, apparently, to the bankruptcy of and did not have to report it to any- cause we voted for a constitutional our country, is that it is very likely body. amendment because it was popular. such groups would vanish without a Members of Congress could make a In my State of Arkansas in 1992 the trace. And no one would miss them. speech and take $5,000 in honoraria and voters approved term limits, by a 60–40 Then lacking any substantive basis did not have to report it to anybody. for their position and lacking any fur- margin, for both State and Federal of- They could practice law. They could ther clout stemming from political ficers. As you know, the Supreme take the people who came into their of- fear, what reason would still persist for Court, by a very narrow vote of 5 to 4, fices soliciting their favors, lobbyists their existence? I can bet you that the ruled that the people of Arkansas did and could refer them to their law firms national committee here is not too ex- not have the right to limit the terms of back home and then share in the prof- cited about term limits legislation. Federal officials which had been set by its of that law firm that fall. And 70 They would find it far more effective to the Constitution. It is still in effect. percent of the people in this country frighten legislators, simply continue to Interestingly, while 60 percent of the thought things in Washington were do it, to do their bidding. What a voters of Arkansas were voting by a 60- just hunky-dory, because they did not bunch. Martha and Max should be percent margin for term limits, they know it. ashamed, but I can tell you they are reelected me to a fourth term by a Today, the ethics manual grows not. margin of 60 percent. You can only con- thicker and thicker, to the point that So, I am very pleased to support my clude that it is all those other guys people are afraid to take an insulated colleague, Senator THOMPSON, with his who they are wanting to get rid of. I do coffee mug from the Rotary Club, and initiative. not quarrel with the popularity of this you dare not risk allowing anybody to I, of course, have been forcing my proposition with the American people. buy you a dinner for fear that it might own brand of term limitations this They have a right to favor it. But I exceed $50, if you are a Senator, or any year by retiring from Washington and also want to say that one of the biggest amount if you are a House Member. going on to other work. But it is ex- responsibilities Members of Congress Every Member must file an ethics re- tremely refreshing and like a splash of have is to be an educator as well as a port of what stock he owns, the value mountain spring water not to have legislator, and I have never passed up of it, where his income came from last concerns about November mixed in the opportunity at a Rotary Club or a year. It is all there, and the press mi- with one’s vote recommendations. I chamber of commerce banquet to ex- croscopically examines it every year, can say to you, it is a rare tonic which press my unalterable opposition to and it is appropriate. That is the way I recommend in large doses to the en- term limits. It is not meant to demean, it ought to be. tirety of the House and the Senate, and it is meant to give people a side that So today, you have to report every I believe if we enact this measure, we they never hear at the coffee shop and significant contribution made to your will have taken one significant step to- why I think it is a bad idea, why Alex- campaign and lay bare your own per- ward resolving some of the largest, ander Hamilton thought it was a bad sonal net worth. And you cannot re- greatest and most serious challenges idea, and why the Founding Fathers ceive honoraria for any speeches that facing this country. dismissed it almost summarily. you give. And today, 1996, 23 percent of

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3783 the people of this country have quite a mantly opposed to this resolution. I ple saying, ‘‘We’re tired of the Demo- bit of confidence in Congress. guess only the Democrat opponents of crats. We’re going to give the Repub- Can you imagine the people in this term limits are worthy of criticism. licans a chance.’’ That is the reason Chamber voting aye on this resolution, You think about even considering those Senators were elected in 1994. and essentially saying, ‘‘You’re right.’’ punishing somebody for the courage of That is what is called term limits, al- I will be a good, decent, ethical, honest their convictions. The proponents of lowing the people to vote. They just Senator for 12 years. But if you elect term limits say that is the reason they did it. I personally hope the American me to a third term, look out, I’m going want it, so people will be courageous people are not happy with their deci- to be uncontrollable. If you allow me 6 and stand up for what they believe. sion, but in any event that is their call, more years, don’t count on anything.’’ Mr. President, do you know what a not mine. That is what we are saying here. I courageous vote is? It is an unpopular Mr. President, I think about some of cannot be trusted with more than 12 vote. If it were not unpopular, it would the greatest Senators this body has years in this body. What we are en- not be courageous. So the people say, ever had, who would not even be an as- gaged in here is the height of pan- ‘‘If we limit them to 12 years, they will terisk in the history books if they had dering. This is not a serious debate. If be courageous knowing they cannot been limited to 12 years. When I came it were, why would the manager of the run again. If we won’t let them run to the U.S. Senate, Abe Ribicoff, Jack resolution offer immediately seven again after 12 years, they are going to Javits, Cliff Case, Jim Pearson, Scoop Jackson, Ed Muskie, Hubert Hum- amendments which are identical to the be statesmen. They will say what they phrey, on and on the list goes of truly resolution to make sure that no Sen- really believe. And they are going to great Senators, Republican and Demo- ator can offer an amendment to im- say courageous things. They are going crat, that would be a footnote in the prove the resolution? to be men of principle.’’ history books if this thing had been on That is right. We are going to talk Here is what Alexander Hamilton about this resolution until 2:15 tomor- the books. said about that in Federalist paper No. Finally, let me just close by express- row afternoon. We are going to have a 72: ing my utter contempt for trying to cloture vote, and cloture is going to There are few men who would not feel solve every single problem from wheth- fail miserably. Everybody here knows much less zeal in the discharge of a duty er drinking water ought to be on the it is going to fail miserably. Everybody when they were conscious that the advan- Senator’s desk, to term limits, by an tage of the station with which it was con- knows this is a freebie. amendment to the Constitution. There Do you know something else? Of the nected must be relinquished at a deter- are a few people in this body who ap- 45 Senators that voted for Senator minant period, than when they were per- mitted to entertain a hope of obtaining, by parently feel the Constitution is just a ASHCROFT’s resolution in support of meriting, a continuation of them. rough draft for them to finish up. I am term limits last year, 25 of them have one of those people who believe that been here longer than two terms, which That is right. Let them stand for re- election on the merits of their past 6 Hamilton, Adams, Ben Franklin, is what this resolution would deal James Madison, and the other Framers with. Do you know why else they filled years’ performance. Do not pass some kind of undemocratic nonsense saying was the greatest assemblage of minds the tree? To keep anybody from offer- ever under one roof in the history of ing an amendment to it, because they the people do not have enough sense to know who they want to vote for. the world, who produced the document knew that Senator LEAHY or I would second only in its powerfulness to the offer an amendment to make the term- I daresay, my colleague, Senator PRYOR, would probably have run with- Holy Bible. limits resolution apply to terms al- I do not vote often for constitutional ready served. out opposition this time if he chose to run again. But if he had an opponent, I amendments. I am not saying I never They did not want any of that retro- would. All this nonsense that comes can tell you he would have won over- active stuff. You have been here five through this place—‘‘Let’s amend the whelmingly. Do you know why? Be- terms, and you are hot for term limits? Constitution,’’ think about it. Over cause he has been a man of conviction, Of course you do not want it to be ret- 17,000 efforts to amend the Constitu- he has been a man of courage, he has roactive so you cannot even run again. tion since 1789—17,000, count them. not jumped under his desk every time I do not mean this personally because Taking the Bill of Rights out, the first the National Rifle Association issued a I admire him and I like him and I con- 10 amendments which were adopted al- press release. He has talked sense to sider him my friend. The senior Sen- most as part of the Constitution, and his people. And they love him for it. ator from South Carolina will be eligi- the American people, out of those And Alexander Hamilton says that is ble for four more terms if this resolu- 17,000 efforts, have chosen to amend the tion were to pass and it took 7 years what Members of Congress are sup- Constitution 18 times. You take prohi- for the people of this country to adopt posed to do. Why take away that right bition which was ratified in the late it—four more. He would be 117. I would of the people to elect whomever they 1920’s, and the repeal of prohibition, be eligible for three more terms. choose? take those two out, and the people of Oh, it has all been carefully crafted What was the origin of term limits? this country have tinkered with the to take care of those who have. We Let me tell you, I have so many friends Constitution 16 times out of 17,000 to have a saying in Arkansas ‘‘them what on the other side, I do not like to de- 18,000 resolutions offered since 1789. has, gets.’’ Oh, it is very popular. You scribe them in terms of partisanship a There have been 83 amendments intro- know, when you are standing before an lot of times—but I think organizations, duced in this Congress, and 2,000 since audience and there is a question: ‘‘Sen- many times ultraconservative organi- I came to the Senate. How can we con- ator, how do you feel about an amend- zations, have made up their minds that clude that Members of the Congress do ment to the Constitution to balance the Democrats were never, never going not think the Constitution is just a the budget?’’ to lose control of Congress if we did not rough draft, when they treat it with ‘‘I’m for that.’’ have term limits. So it became fashion- such contempt? ‘‘How do you feel about flag burn- able. As I said a moment ago, who likes ing?’’ Congress was losing credibility and flag burning? I do not. But it is pre- ‘‘You bet. Count me in.’’ respect and prestige with the people all sented in political terms. It is not pre- ‘‘Well, how about term limits?’’ along. As I said, down to 23 percent. So sented the way things were presented ‘‘You bet. I’m for term limits.’’ they said, ‘‘We believe we can sell this in Philadelphia 206 years ago. It is al- It is so easy to agree with what you constitutional amendment to limit ways politics. know is popular among the group you people to 12 years in the Senate and 6 Let me digress just a moment to say happen to be speaking to. or 12 years in the House.’’ So what hap- I have been reading a book by James I saw a story the other day in the pened? The American people said, we Fallows called ‘‘Breaking the News: Hill newspaper discussing how the Re- will decide for ourselves. The two Sen- How the Media is Undermining Amer- publicans requested that term limit ators—one from Tennessee and one ican Democracy,’’ and he makes this supporters not punish the junior Sen- from Arizona—are sitting here and are point, that if you watch ‘‘Face the Na- ator from Kentucky because he is ada- the beneficiaries of the American peo- tion,’’ ‘‘Meet the Press,’’ and David

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3784 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 Brinkley on Sunday morning, you hear sion by several Members of this body, bers of the Senate are only interested how well Medicare or Medicaid is work- some of whom are new to the body, in feathering their own nests. This is ing. Do you hear anything about the some of whom have been here for a not a get-even strategy, and not some- environment and how it is working and while, who are greatly concerned about thing that is mean spirited to get at the new regulations coming out of the future of their country and are people. We all have Members whom we EPA? No, those are policy decisions. struggling for means and methods to admire. As I said earlier, I sat in the For a writer to write about a policy, do something about it. He would have lobby and watched, as a boy, what went that writer has to go to the stacks and heard that the bipartisan commission, on in this body. I had the opportunity do some work, find out the history of which my friend from Arkansas is a to serve with Senator Sam Ervin of them. Why do we have Medicaid? Be- member of, reported that in 2030 to North Carolina and Senator Howard cause we do not want elderly people bring the deficit down to its currents Baker of Tennessee as I was counsel on laying in the streets, we do not want level, either all Federal taxes would the Watergate committee many years children without health care—a policy have to be increased by 85 percent or ago. I did not go through what it took decision that was debated a very long all Federal spending programs would to get here to become a member of a time here before we adopted Medicaid have to be cut in half. That by 2012, body that I had no respect for. What I policy. Why do we have school lunches? mandatory spending and interest and am trying to do is to try to help get So children are not hungry. Why do we entitlements will exceed all Federal that body back to the level of esteem have food stamps? So nobody is hun- revenues, leaving no money for the with the American people that the gry. We did not do that willy-nilly. Federal Government to spend on pro- American people once had for that That was debated in the Senate. We grams like education, law enforcement, body. adopted it as a policy, as a great nation research and development, national de- who believes in trying to help people. fense, health research and all the other When my colleague points out that, So when you hear all the gurus on programs he mentioned. By 2030, enti- once upon a time, we had no ethics the Sunday morning talk shows: ‘‘What tlement spending alone is expected to rules, we could take money and do lec- do you think about block grants? Do exceed all Federal revenue. tures and all these things; yet, 70 per- you think that will help Bill Clinton or That is what this debate is about. I cent of the people approved of Con- hurt him? Do you think that will help find it unfortunate that certain Mem- gress. Now we have all these ethics BOB DOLE or hurt him?’’ Not a question bers who choose this particular occa- rules and nobody approves of Congress. of whether the States can do a better sion to exhibit courage to stand To me, that demonstrates that it is not job administering it. Will they comply against the overwhelming will of the matters of ethics rules that are con- with the policy we made that we do not people will not address the true nature cerning the American people. The low want children to go without health of this debate and what is happening to esteem they have for us has to do with care, we do not want the elderly to be this country. It is equated with slav- other things. Those other things have lying on the streets, we want them ery. Term limits, I heard just a few to do with the fact that just like Sen- taken care of in nursing homes? No, minutes ago on this floor, being equat- ator SIMPSON said, we are bankrupting you do not hear that. It is the politics ed with slavery. That is how much the Nation, Mr. President. We are of this issue. So it is with this. some Members want to cling to their bankrupting the Nation, and just be- What is the politics of it? Well, you profession, as professional politicians. cause we get used to hearing it makes do not have to be brilliant to know I heard that no amendment, no it no less true. what the politics of this is. If you want amendment ever is a good idea. I as- Yet, we hear on and on and on again to go home and tell the townhall meet- sume that would include the 13th about these favorite programs that we ing and the chamber of commerce and amendment which abolished slavery. I cannot touch. No, I agree; this is the Rotary Club, if you want them to stand hope we would have all been for that. I reason for the abysmal decline of con- up and clap, you vote ‘‘aye.’’ If you wish the strong stands on principle had fidence of the American people, barely took your oath when you came here to resulted over the past few decades and above, according to some surveys, 12 perfect and defend the Constitution of some hope for the next generation, in- percent approval—only law firms had the United States against all kinds of stead of bankruptcy and total loss by lower at 11 percent approval—by the assaults on it, vote ‘‘no.’’ the American people in the confidence American people. We want to stand up I promise you, when the people of of the legislative branch of Govern- and be proud of these last few decades this country voted the way they did in ment, which is exactly what we have and all the people who have served, 1994, they were not saying they wanted today. It may not go anywhere because proud of what we have done as an insti- to turn their back on the environment. everybody is hunkered down in their tution, and all the people who would offices, feeling confident that their col- They were saying they did want the not have been able to serve if we had leagues, when it comes right down to budget balanced, but they did not say not had the system that we have now. they wanted to cut educational funds, it, will not vote for term limits. because the one thing people in this Yes, they can stand in the face of the What about those 250 million people country would still vote taxes for is for will of 75 percent of the American peo- who have no hope of serving under the the education of their children. They ple, because at a time when we rush to system that we have now? To my col- did not say they wanted Medicare get the American people’s opinion on league, it may be inconsistent for his whacked, though everybody knows everything and anything that comes State to pass term limits and reelect Medicare is going to have to be re- across the horizon, in this particular him. To me, it is not. We have a closed formed. Be honest about it and talk case, we will stand firm against it as a system, whereby, regardless of the dis- sense about it. matter of principle. Yes, we can be con- gust the American people have with Mr. President, this will be the last fident when it comes right down to it. the Congress of the United States, or time we will address term limits for We may not have the votes, because the distrust they have, or the feeling of some time to come and get it off the there is only one thing worse than revulsion, even, according to some of agenda. Everybody knows it is going risking the wrath of the American peo- these surveys, we get reelected at a 90 nowhere, but everybody can go home ple on term limits. It is just one issue. percent rate. Does that have to do with and say they did their best. But they That thing is actually putting your ca- some schizophrenia in the American did not. They did their worst. I yield reer in jeopardy. That is what it is. people, or does it have to do with the the floor. That is not what our Founding Fathers fact that the incumbents get all the Mr. THOMPSON. Mr. President, I am envisioned. We can quote Alexander money? Most people with good judg- sorry that my friend from Arkansas Hamilton, but Alexander Hamilton, ment do not even try to break into a thinks that this is such a partisan de- that aristocrat, that Federalist, want- system like that. He mentioned my bate. This is my second day in the ed lifetime tenure for Senators. So I colleague from Arizona and myself as midst of this debate, and until a few can see why some of my colleagues being a part of the system. I believe minutes ago I had not known it was. might want to line up with him. those were both open seats. If those If my colleague had been following This is not based on the assumption seats had not been open and we knew closely, he would have heard a discus- that Members of Congress and Mem- we were going to have to go against a

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3785 well-entrenched incumbent, the deci- a war that replaced a tyrannical, per- And worse yet, last year’s debate over sion might have been different because manent government in London with a the Balanced Budget Act of 1995 showed the odds are not good. democratic Republic where the people, that reelection politics will continue In the 1950’s, a vote was taken on who not an aristocracy, rule. James Madi- to thwart any serious debate regarding the best five Senators in history were. son wrote in Federalist 10 of his con- how to solve the entitlement situation. Five Members were voted the best, and cern about the influence special inter- Unfortunately, demagoguery and scare their portraits adorn the reception ests—he called them factions would tactics rendered true reform of unbri- room of the Senate. These are Webster, have if Members of Congress were per- dled entitlement spending impossible. Calhoun, Clay, La Follette, and Taft. mitted to remain in office for too long. When politicians have careers to pro- Only one of these great Senators served He argued that without the regular ro- tect, there will be politics to play. more than two full terms—Senator La tation of citizens into and out of elect- Washington is a 2-year town, focused Follette. ed office, those elected would put the on the next election—short-term So let us not worry too much about interests of the well-connected ahead thinking. It should be a 20-year town, the proposition that it takes 20 years of the interests of the country. focused on long-term thinking and on in order to make an impact in this Mr. President, Madison was right. the true problems facing America. Two body. We know different. We know dif- Unfortunately, the Constitutional Con- weeks ago, one of my constituents told ferent. We heard yesterday from the vention in 1787 did not adopt Madison’s me that he thinks America lacks Senator from Vermont and today from approach. Why? Not because the Con- statesmen. He said, ‘‘Senator Frist, the Senator from Arkansas. The basic vention attendees believed in political what we really want are statesmen. criticism, as I understand it, of this careerism—they had just fought a war People who will put the interest of the constitutional amendment—which they against a permanent government back country ahead of party and politics and vigorously oppose—is that it does not in England. They did not include term self-interest. People who will make the go far enough. They would be for retro- limits on Congress because they felt it tough calls.’’ Mr. President, he’s right. activity; that this is not real term lim- was unnecessary. Who would want to I think a vast majority of Americans its. They want real term limits, and stay in Congress for year after year, would like to see so much more of that they are concerned they are not going traveling back and forth on horseback in Washington, and term limits is the to get a vote on that. The reason we to this city, which was literally in the way to accomplish it. filled up the tree, of course, was the middle of a swamp, WITHOUT a staff, Mr. President, we must ask ourselves fact that the Senator from Arkansas without air conditioning, without an how we’ve ended up in this position. and his colleagues wanted to add office, for a tiny salary, with no pen- And more importantly, what’s the so- amendments totally unrelated to term sion? Very few, Mr. President. And for lution? limits so we would never get a true more than 150 years, the Founders were The problem lies not with the indi- vote on term limits. Everybody knows right. Citizens would often come to vidual men and women who are elected that. Congress, serve a single term, and then to Congress, but with a system of per- Mr. President, I just urge, as this de- leave voluntarily. Others would leave petual incumbency that has become so bate goes on, hopefully, we can shed a after serving only two or three terms, entrenched that it shields the Gov- little more light on the subject than either voluntarily or after having been ernors from the governed, and creates a heat. Hopefully, we can keep it from defeated at the ballot box. The era of culture that separates Washington being a partisan issue. It should not be career politics is a relatively new one from the rest of America. The longer a partisan issue. Those young kids in our Nation’s history. Members serve in Congress the more coming up today, and those yet to be Our Founding Fathers believed in a removed they become from the rich born, are going to be Democrats and citizen legislature. They believed, as I blend of experience of American life. Republicans. It does not matter what do, that for the Congress to accurately More importantly, career legislators party we are a member of or what reflect the will of the people, rather become ever more risk averse, avoiding party they are going to be members of. than the factions Madison feared, it tough but necessary decisions because They are going to bear the con- must have the frequent and regular ro- of consideration for political constitu- sequences of the system we have now. tation of its Members into and out of encies needed for reelection. A true cit- We do not have the political will to do private life. izen legislature would suffer from nei- the things that we know we have to do Yet today, Mr. President, we have ther of these problems. to save this Nation from bankruptcy. drifted from that principle. No longer Still, the American people know that We do not have the political will be- do citizens from every walk of life Members of Congress have a tough cause, as Senator SIMPSON said, it is come to Washington to lend their ex- time with the issue of term limits. It fear. It is stark fear of having to do pertise to the Nation, then return is, after all, our own jobs that are at something else for a living. We are home to live and work under the laws stake. That’s why, beginning in Colo- willing to put our own professional ca- they passed. Over the last 40 years, we rado in 1990, the American people took reers ahead of the welfare of the next have seen the ideal of the citizen legis- matters into their own hands and generation. lator displaced by the career politi- began voting, at the State level, to I yield the floor. cian—and the American people are not enact term limits on their Federal del- Mr. FRIST addressed the Chair. happy about it. egations. Twenty-two States followed, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. President, since the end of World Mr. President. From Alaska to Cali- ator from Tennessee is recognized. War II, the Federal Government has fornia to Florida to Massachusetts, and Mr. FRIST. Mr. President, I rise swollen to a point where it now con- several States in between, more than today to continue our discussion of sumes more than $1.6 trillion every sin- 25,000,000 people voted for term limits. Senate Resolution 21, a constitutional gle year. We have incurred a total debt Mr. President, I think the American amendment providing for a limit of six of nearly $5 trillion, a debt that we will people have made their point. Unfortu- terms in the House and two in the Sen- shamefully pass on to our children and nately, in May of last year, the U.S. ate. As a freshman Senator who came grandchildren, a debt that threatens Supreme Court invalidated the term directly from the private practice of the ability of every child born today to limits laws of 23 States and made it medicine, I believe strongly that Wash- achieve the American dream. clear that the only remaining course to ington would not be out of touch with In fact, by the year 2012—16 years impose term limits is to enact a con- average Americans if Members of Con- from now—our entitlement programs stitutional amendment. gress were not permitted to make a ca- Medicare, Medicaid, welfare, retire- So here we are. And the question is reer out of serving in Congress, and in- ment, and Social Security plus inter- what we will do. Will we swallow self- stead came to Washington to serve est, will be greater than all Federal re- interest and career protectionism and only for a time, and then return to live ceipts, leaving no funds for spending on do the will of the people? Or will we under the laws they passed. other priorities such as our Nation’s stonewall the will of the people and tell More than 200 years ago, the Found- defense, roads and bridges, education, them we know better here in Wash- ers of this great Nation fought and won national parks, or the environment. ington?

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3786 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 There are some who argue that the gued in his dissenting opinion in U.S. fied specific actions from each of American people can already decide Term Limits versus Thornton, that the Whitewatergate, Travelgate, and when they want new representation by States already have the right to enact Cattlegate. And I showed how these il- simply voting us out of office at the term limits under the 10th amendment lustrations are of great significance to next election. That claim, Mr. Presi- to the Constitution, which states that: the average citizen. dent, assumes that incumbents and The powers not delegated to the United In my March 22 speech, I referred to challengers compete on a relatively States by the Constitution, nor prohibited a familiar quote from John Mitchell. level playing field. They don’t. Look at by it to the states, are reserved to the states He was an Attorney General in the the 1994 elections. In 1994, a year of respectively, or to the people. Nixon administration. He’s remem- radical political change in America, 92 Nevertheless, Mr. President, the Su- bered as saying, ‘‘You will be better ad- percent of all Members of the Senate preme Court of the United States has vised to watch what we do instead of and 90 percent of the House Members ruled that the only way to implement what we say.’’ who sought reelection were returned to the American people’s demand for term People all across America now are office. The power of incumbency is limits on Members of Congress is discovering the secret of politicians vast. through a constitutional amendment. who give the profession a bad name. Mr. President, I was the only Member If Tuesday’s vote is unsuccessful, I in- People in this town have known this of this body elected in 1994 to have de- tend to support the grass roots term little secret for a long time. The secret feated a full-term incumbent Senator. limits movement that grows ever is this: Say what the public wants to Now, some have said that my election stronger outside the beltway. This hear, but then do whatever you want. proves it’s possible to defeat an incum- movement will not be quelled with the By the time they figure out what you bent, and they’re right. But I believe, Senate’s failure to enact a constitu- did, you can point the finger at some- as do the American people, that it tional amendment this week. In fact, one else. should be more than merely possible this vote may well fuel an even strong- The governing-industry in Wash- for ordinary citizens to be elected to er groundswell in favor of a term limits ington has mastered this game. It has created a process designed to Congress. What of the ordinary citizens constitutional amendment. avoid accountability. It is designed to who never even come forward to chal- For those who oppose the reforms avoid taking responsibility for one’s lenge incumbents because of extraor- which I consider to be of seminal im- actions. Most data are presented in a dinary odds against them? Surely the portance, a term limits constitutional way that avoids measuring perform- current system, which gives so much amendment and a balanced budget con- ance. They are designed to show that power to incumbents, discourages some stitutional amendment, they should everything is always rosy under their of our finest citizens from ever running take note of article V of the Constitu- watch. in the first place, clearly depriving the tion, which would allow the calling of a Think of how a used car dealer often electorate of the widest possible choice Constitutional Convention upon a vote buffs up a lemon of a car until it of candidates. Every Member of each of two-thirds of the States. That is gleams—to gloss over all the defects. body should know that there is a date- only 34 States, Mr. President, and 23 Unless you know about cars and what certain when they will return home to States have already voted in favor of to look for, you might be tempted to make room for another citizen to serve term limits. Term limits activists ap- buy that pile of junk because it looks in Congress. That is not a radical idea; proach their cause seriously and tena- so pretty. A few months later, you sud- it’s an idea that is embraced by over 80 ciously, and I support their efforts to denly discover that the parts are fall- percent of the American people. enact a term limits constitutional ing off right there on the highway. And to those who argue that the amendment in whatever way is pos- This is what our Government is like. American public is served well by legis- sible. I look forward to Tuesday’s vote, They tell the taxpayers all the great lators who have years of experience in and I hope that each Member of this things they are getting in this budget, Congress, I say that the Federal Gov- body will consider his or her vote care- or that bill. What a deal. And the peo- ernment should not be so large and fully, with the knowledge that a vote ple buy it. But after a while, all they complicated that only a professional against this measure is a vote against see are piles of debt, a rising tax bur- class of politicians can possibly under- the will of the people. den, growing job insecurity, serious so- stand or oversee it. We should restruc- I thank the chair and yield the floor. cial pathologies, and rampant crime ture, streamline and downsize the Fed- Mr. GRASSLEY addressed the Chair. and drug use. Do you see the analogy, eral Government so that Americans The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. President? from all walks of life can serve in Con- ator from Iowa. The question is, How can we be told gress without having to become profes- f everything is going to be rosy, and yet sional politicians to master its inner it turns out so bad? The answer is, We THE VOID IN MORAL workings. listened to what they said, not what LEADERSHIP—PART 5 President Andrew Jackson who occu- they did. We made the mistake of fall- pied the seat I hold in the Senate said Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, on ing for the ol’ political soft shoe rou- it well, nearly 170 years ago: ‘‘I can not March 19, I began a series of speeches tine, the ol’ used car pitch. They did a but believe that more is lost by the on this floor. The subject—the common bait and switch on us, and we took the long continuance of men in office than thread in these speeches—has been the bait. Many of us here in Congress have is generally to be gained by their expe- void in moral leadership at the White worked hard to shine a big spotlight on rience.’’ Later Presidents agreed. A House. What this means is simply this: this racket. We have tried to expose former Member of this body from Mis- The President and the First Lady are some of the games played that create souri by the name of Harry Truman failing to set a good example for the the illusions—just like Dorothy ex- said in a way that only Harry Truman American people. posed the Wizard of Oz. could, that term limits would ‘‘cure These are failures of the most basic For instance, by showing systematic both senility and seniority, both ter- principles that Americans expect from bias in budget estimating, we were able rible legislative diseases.’’ their leaders: Failures like account- to cause the Congressional Budget Of- Mr. President, I do not believe the ability; taking responsibility for one’s fice to produce more realistic esti- Constitution should be amended any actions; straightforwardness and can- mates of Congress’ budget decisions. time there is another way of reaching dor; the public trust. The breakdown of For the lay person, all this means is, the same legislative goal. That’s why these principles has eroded the Presi- we can now better estimate how much the first bill I introduced in this body dent’s ability to show strong leader- our income and outgo will be. Before was the Electoral Rights Enforcement ship. It has undercut his moral author- that, we were always unjustifiably op- Act of 1995, a statute that would have ity to lead. The best way to lead is by timistic. We always assumed we would given the States and the people addi- example. If this is true, then White have a flood of revenues pouring into tional authority to enact limits on the House leadership is truly lacking. the Treasury. terms of their delegations in Congress. In my previous speeches, I gave illus- Why? Because that way we could I also believe, as Justice Thomas ar- trations of my observations. I identi- keep the spending faucets on full blast.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00038 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3787 Things did not look so expensive as In fact, Mr. President, these were the their leaders do. Could this be why long as we could cook the books and types of things that Bill Clinton there are an unprecedented four inde- show a rising tide of revenues. The pledged to do as a Presidential can- pendent counsels looking into ques- shell game was on, Mr. President. It didate in 1992. He would expose and put tionable actions of Clinton cabinet sec- got us all re-elected, but it also got us an end to the illusions game in Wash- retaries? in a ton of debt. I call this problem the ington. That is what he promised. And We certainly should not be surprised Narcotic of Optimism. that would help put on an equal footing at this record-setting pace for inves- There are other examples of attempts those who had played by the rules, yet tigating high-level government offi- by some of us to expose Government by had failed to get ahead. And so the cials. illusion. Let me just describe some American people put their thrust and I have been searching for an expla- that I have taken the lead on, just to faith in Bill Clinton to lead the way. nation for why an administration that illustrate what I am saying: After 4 years, however, a different promised to change all this is instead First, most recently, I and my col- picture has emerged. As I have specifi- caught up in it, at record levels. I leagues in both the House and Senate cally laid out in my previous speeches, think I may have found a clue. It is a forced the President’s AmeriCorps Pro- the President has failed in such leader- quote from this week’s Time magazine. gram to clean up its act. It is a pro- ship, because he has failed to set the The article is called ‘‘Clinton’s Stealth gram that was paying $29,000 per volun- proper example. Campaign.’’ It is written by Eric teer. Imagine the taxpayers paying For instance: How can this President Pooley. $29,000 per volunteer. This gave boon- end cronyism and favoritism? He fired Here is what it says: doggles at the Pentagon a real run for innocent, low-level public servants in Since the Republicans control Congress, he their money. the White House Travel Office, and [meaning, President Clinton] opted for an il- We poured through AmeriCorps’ doc- gave the travel business to a family lusion of control, which suits him just fine. uments during a 2-year battle. We member and a slick Hollywood buddy. In this almost holographic approach, speech- shined a big spotlight on the program’s What kind of example is that for equal es are as important as substance and rhet- oric becomes its own reality. For this Presi- activities and costs. We showed where treatment and fairness? dent, says senior adviser George Stephan- the bulk of the money was going—over- How can this President end the fail- opoulos, ‘‘words are actions.’’ ure in this town to take responsibility head and bureaucracy. We have now re- Do you see, Mr. President? Here is a for one’s actions? When the Travelgate invented the program. senior adviser to the President saying Before this, the program never lived Seven were fired, fingers were pointed ‘‘words are actions.’’ There is no dis- up to the President’s lofty rhetoric. at others for having made the decision tinction. Either this shows a break- Now, it has a chance to do what the to fire them. What kind of leadership is down of leadership, or it reflects very President says it will do. that? What kind of example is that? questionable leadership from the top Second, I worked hard, with the help How can this White House end the down—remember I mentioned that of many of my colleagues, on pro- enormous problem in this town of workers tend to do what their leaders tecting whistleblowers, who are the cover-up, and lack of candor and do. This practice—as articulated by a footsoldiers of the war to expose Gov- straight shooting? White House senior adviser—turns ernment illusions. Every administra- The mysterious appearance of the John Mitchell’s adage into something tion waxes poetic about how much they Whitewater documents in the White you would read in Kafka, or Orwell. It honor whistleblowers. But as soon as House reading room were blamed on turns Mitchell’s statement on its head. our backs are turned, Government the Document Fairy. Whenever the In effect, it is a sly, Washington way of managers search them out like a heat- First Lady or her staff are questioned saying ‘‘watch what we say, not what seeking missile. in either the Whitewatergate or we do.’’ It says ‘‘watching what we do That is because whistleblowers, want Travelgate affairs, no one can recall a is irrelevant; only words are relevant.’’ the truth out; Government does not. thing. This clarifies a lot for me, Mr. Presi- Congress has toughened up the laws In my speech of March 28, I gave an dent. It reinforces my perception of the protecting whistleblowers. And we are example of this. On March 21, the First void in moral leadership in this White always on the vigil. Lady responded to questions from House. But it also gives us a glimpse Third, I have worked to pass or bol- Chairman CLINGER of the House Com- into how the continuing charade of il- ster initiatives that detect and meas- mittee on Government Reform and lusions is being conducted and per- ure bureaucratic sleight of hand at the Oversight. The subject matter was, petrated by this White House. It does Pentagon. We created an independent who knew what, when, about the firing so precisely because of an absence of office of testing to make sure our of the Travelgate Seven. In 16 pages of leadership. troops have fully and effectively tested responses, I counted 54 instances of ‘‘I I yield the floor and suggest the ab- equipment. We were not getting that cannot recall;’’ ‘‘vague recollection;’’ sence of a quorum. ‘‘it’s hard to remember;’’ and so on. before. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The We have also worked on numerous fi- Anything but candid, Mr. President. clerk will call the roll. nancial reforms that expose cost and And this from people who are at the The assistant legislative clerk pro- budget problems. All of these are de- very top of their profession—the legal ceeded to call the roll. signed to make it easier for us to see profession—in terms of intelligence Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I ask unan- what the Pentagon is actually doing, and competence. That is kind of hard imous consent that the order for the as opposed to what they say they are to swallow. quorum call be rescinded. doing. Moral leadership means leading by The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without I have been at this kind of reform example. If you are a leader, that objection, it is so ordered. since I first joined the Senate in 1981. means the people expect you always to Sometimes it is a lonely battle. I often be candid in what you say; they expect f think I can live to be 100 years old and you to treat everyone fairly and equal- THE OAK RIDGE BOYS work on reforms non-stop, but I will ly; they expect you to be accountable Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I apologize still only make a dent because the and take responsibility for what you for being a bit late, but I was listening problem is so big. do, both good and bad. That is what to the Oak Ridge Boys next door. You That is what Presidents are for. Pres- people expect in their leaders. might be able to hear them. idential leadership can make the big- The American people are not getting The PRESIDING OFFICER. The gest difference in the world. The credi- that kind of leadership from this White Chair was listening, too. bility of the presidency, as leader of House, Mr. President. Instead, they are Mr. DOLE. They were very good. the executive branch, can bring leader- seeing their leaders commit acts of fa- f ship to bear on the system and really voritism, cronyism, avoiding responsi- shake things up. The President has not bility, cover up. When people who work EARTH DAY just the ability to do this, but the re- for such leadership see this, they follow Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, as America sponsibility to do it as well. the leader. People tend to do what marks Earth Day 1996, I would like to

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3788 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 remind my friends across the aisle that mental problems on their own. This is have set the same goals for Superfund the environmental heritage we are all a partnership that works. We should reform, to get the lawyers out and get so proud of was forged under Repub- follow that example and encourage sites cleaned up. Yet today, no Demo- lican stewardship. Our Republican en- rather than punish our communities crats have joined us in this effort. We vironmental heritage stretches back to and businesses for trying to do the can get things done when we focus on Ulysses S. Grant, who established Yel- right thing. the goals and not the rhetoric. lowstone as the first of the crown jew- The States and localities are leading Today I received a letter from my els of our precious national parks. the way in these and other areas. We Democrat colleagues. I share their en- President Theodore Roosevelt set up should use the most appropriate level vironmental goals. But there are better the National Wildlife Refuge System of Government for the problem at ways to achieve these goals. No one is and promoted the value of conserva- hand. Try the local level first, States interested in repealing or weakening tion. next. Try regional solutions when envi- environmental protections. Years ago, It was Republicans, under President ronmental issues involve more than we accomplished our work by using Nixon, who created the Environmental one State. The Federal Government typewriters. Today our offices are run Protection Agency and enacted the should step back when it can and use by computers. Were we rolling back first Clean Air and Clean Water Acts. its expertise when it is most helpful to our desire to communicate efficiently Under Presidents Ford, Reagan, and the States: To provide scientific or by moving from typewriters to com- Bush we enacted and implemented the technical help. puters? I think not. Let’s take the majority of the enabling statutes to Farmers, ranchers, businesspeople, same approach on the environment. protect our environment. An important families—all are partners, not villains. That proud tradition and the strong Clean Air Act revision in 1990, which We should acknowledge that these peo- Republican values of personal steward- introduced new initiatives like using ple do the right thing every day. Let us ship, good science, trust in the people, markets to achieve our goals, has measure environmental protection not and respect for the States and local- helped to set new directions for the fu- by the size of a Federal bureaucracy or ities will be used to build a better envi- ture. the number of regulations on the books ronmental future for our children. The progress we have made as a na- but by the desire of our people to work f tion over the last 25 years deserves together to protect the environmental praise. We saw problems that needed to values that we all treasure. MORNING BUSINESS be addressed—setting pollution stand- One of the things I have tried to pro- Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I now ask ards to protect public health and deal- mote this last year was that we must that there be a period for the trans- ing with pollution that crosses State use good science to set environmental action of routine morning business, and international boundaries. We re- priorities, and then we should tackle with Senators permitted to speak sponded with laws that I was proud to the most important problems first. We therein for up to 5 minutes each. support—laws that addressed those know we could do better. The Harvard The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without problems in the best way we knew Center for Risk Analysis, for example, objection, it is so ordered. then. estimates that 60,000 lives per year We have learned a lot over these 25 could be saved with the same level of f years of environmental experience and spending if we targeted our money at THE BAD DEBT BOXSCORE progress. America’s ability to create the worst problems. innovative ways of dealing with envi- It takes leadership to make choices. Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, the im- ronmental protection and, at the same We need to be wiser about what we go pression will not go away: The $5 tril- time, have continued economic growth after and at what level that is done. lion Federal debt stands today as an in- is the envy of the rest of the world. I want to say one word about indi- creasingly grotesque parallel to the en- Now we are at a crossroads about how vidual private property rights, which ergizer bunny that keeps moving and to make further progress. I want to im- are so precious that they are protected moving and moving on television—pre- prove the system so it protects people’s by the Constitution. Owning property cisely in the same manner and to the health and the environment better is a right that makes us strong and is same extent that the President is al- with less cost and complexity. I want a powerful force for the environment. If lowing the Federal debt to keep going to put more trust in the ability of all the Government takes someone’s prop- up and up and up into the stratosphere. Americans—at all levels of govern- erty for a public purpose, that person A lot of politicians like to talk a ment—and their desire to do the right should be compensated. If we as a soci- good game—‘‘talk’’ is the operative thing. The old ways won’t help much as ety believe that that person’s property word here—about cutting the Federal we face new problems in the future. is needed for an important purpose, let spending and thereby bringing the Fed- During the last 25 years, the States us make that choice as a nation and eral debt under control. But watch how have become very knowledgeable about ensure that we are not diminishing our they vote on spending bills. the best way to deal with most envi- citizens’ rights. Mr. President, as of the close of busi- ronmental problems. The States have I am proud of what we have done this ness Friday, April 19, 1996, the exact become laboratories of innovation on year on the farm bill. It is the most en- Federal debt stood at better ways to deal with many issues of vironmentally sensitive farm bill ever. $5,100,053,596,414.66 or $19,268.51 per concern: Welfare and health care re- The conservation title of the farm bill man, woman, and child on a per capita form—and environment as well. Cali- reflects a commonsense approach. The basis. fornia, for example, is leading the way bill continues the Conservation Re- f in setting up an integrated approach serve Program, expands the Wetlands STATEMENT HONORING THE that calls for simpler permits and deal- Reserve Program, making this program MCWORKMANS ON THEIR 60TH ing with air, water, and waste in a co- the Nation’s biggest and most success- WEDDING ANNIVERSARY ordinated way that goes after the ful environmental efforts. In addition, worst problems first. Other States also we provided $300 million to restore the Mr. ASHCROFT. Mr. President, fami- lead the way. Everglades. This was an immediate re- lies are the cornerstone of America. Wisconsin, for example, has a sponse to a need identified by the peo- The data are undeniable: Individuals Brownfields program in place which al- ple of Florida. from strong families contribute to the lows appropriate clean up for urban The farm bill provides a good exam- society. In an era when nearly half of areas previously written off for devel- ple of what we can do in other areas: all couples married today will see their opment. That makes good sense and Injecting simplicity, common sense, union dissolve into divorce, I believe it shows a sense of the right priorities. and flexibility, and lifting the heavy is both instructive and important to Eighteen States—including Kansas, hand of the Government. These goals honor those who have taken the com- Texas, Indiana, Colorado, and Oregon— were also met in the Safe Drinking mitment of ‘‘til death us do part’’ seri- are encouraging their own companies Water Act and resulted in a bipartisan ously, demonstrating successfully the to voluntarily find and fix environ- bill that passed the Senate 99 to 0. We timeless principles of love, honor, and

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3789 fidelity. These characteristics make phrasing a Chinese saying to illustrate the actual comments made by Presi- our country strong. his position. The President said, ‘‘When dent Jiang, the confusion still persists. For these important reasons, I rise the wind blows through the pavilion, it So, Mr. President, I come to the floor today to honor Mr. Robert A. and Mrs. means the rains will come,’’ or, in Chi- today to publicly set the record Clara Belle McWorkman of West nese, ‘‘Shan yu yu lai feng man lou di straight once and for all in the hopes of Plains, MO, who on May 30 will cele- xing shi si hu yi jing guo qu le.’’ After removing the last vestiges of confu- brate their 60th wedding anniversary. a brief pause, he then added, ‘‘But in sion. I did not travel to Taipei to de- They understand the meaning of the this case, I think the rain is over.’’ I liver a specific message from the PRC word ‘‘covenant.’’ My wife, Janet, and I took this to be an encouraging sign to Taiwan; I simply reported to the look forward to the day we can cele- that, perhaps with the conclusion of Taiwan Government the details of my brate a similar milestone. The Taiwan’s presidential election and the conversation with President Jiang. In McWorkmans’ commitment to the PRC’s somewhat worrisome military that conversation, President Jiang principles and values of their marriage exercises in the Strait, the situation said, ‘‘When the wind blows through deserves to be saluted and recognized. I might be calming down and the two the pavilion, it means the rains will wish them and their family all the best sides might be ready to resume cross- come. But in this case, I think the as they celebrate this substantial strait contacts through the Associa- rains are over’’—no more, no less. I marker on their journey together. tion for Relations Across the Taiwan hope this will lay the issue to rest. f Strait and the Straits Exchange Foun- f dation, the two semi official bodies set HONORING THE SHANNONS FOR up to handle that relationship. THE PASSING OF COMMERCE CELEBRATING THEIR 50TH WED- After visiting other cities in China SECRETARY RON BROWN DING ANNIVERSARY and then Hong Kong, I spent a day in Mr. ABRAHAM. Mr. President, I rise Mr. ASHCROFT. Mr. President, fami- Taipei, Taiwan, on the way back to the to note the passing of our Commerce lies are the cornerstone of America. United States. There I met with For- Secretary, Ron Brown, in a plane crash The data is undeniable: individuals eign Minister Chen and President Lee outside Dubrovnik, Bosnia. This tragic from strong families contribute to the Teng-hui, both of whom I told of my accident took with it a vast amount of society. In an era when nearly half of conversation with President Jiang, and talent and expertise in the persons of all couples married today will see their Jiang’s statement about the ‘‘rain numerous American business people, union dissolve into divorce, I believe it being over.’’ They found the statement and specifically in the person of Sec- is both instructive and important to to be encouraging, just as I had. In retary Brown. A dedicated member of honor those who have taken the com- meetings with the Taiwan press during his party and this administration, Sec- mitment of ‘‘till death us do part’’ seri- my stay, I made it clear that I was not retary Brown fought hard for the ideals ously, demonstrating successfully the delivering a message from the govern- and programs in which he believed. His timeless principles of love, honor, and ment of the PRC to the Government of commitment to the Commerce Depart- fidelity. These characteristics make Taiwan; I had simply relayed the par- ment he led was shown by his willing- our country strong. ticulars of my conversation with Presi- ness to brave the dangers of Bosnia, For these important reasons, I rise dent Jiang to Chen and Lee. This is business leaders in tow, in pursuit of today to honor Paul and Thelma Shan- where the confusion arose. opportunities to help rebuild that war- non of St. Peters, MO, who on June 8, One of the Taipei newspapers, on torn country. 1996 will celebrate their 50th wedding hearing that President Jiang had said Secretary Brown also was a com- anniversary. My wife, Janet, and I look ‘‘the rain is over’’ incorrectly assumed mitted family man, and I know that forward to the day we can celebrate a that he had cited another Chinese say- his death is a great loss to his wife, his similar milestone. Paul and Thelma’s ing: ‘‘the rain is over and the sun is family, his friends, and his neighbors. I commitment to the principles and val- shinning’’—in Chinese ‘‘yu guo tian extend my condolences to his family in ues of their marriage deserves to be sa- qing.’’ The Taiwan press sometimes particular and hope that they can find luted and recognized. I wish them and tends to shoot first and ask questions solace in the knowledge of God’s grace their family all the best as they cele- later, and other papers were soon pick- and in memories of the life they had brate this substantial marker on their ing up the inaccurate statement. As a with Ron Brown. journey together. result, by the next day papers island- f f wide were reporting that Jiang had made statements that were much more COMMEMORATING SECRETARY OF TRIP TO PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF rosy than what was actually said. Not COMMERCE RON BROWN CHINA, HONG KONG, AND TAIWAN only were the newspaper reports inac- Ms. MOSELEY-BRAUN. Mr. Presi- Mr. THOMAS. Mr. President, I re- curate, but they missed the entire gist dent, it is always painful when death cently returned from a trip to the Peo- of Jiang’s statement. By referring to comes too soon. It is even more so ple’s Republic of China, Hong Kong, the saying ‘‘the rain is over * * *’’ but when the circumstances are so over- and Taiwan over the April recess in my leaving off the part of the saying ‘‘*** whelmingly dramatic and tragic as the capacity as chairman of the Senate the sky is blue,’’ President Jiang was airplane crash in Bosnia that took the Subcommittee on East Asian and Pa- making the specific point that while life of our Nation’s Secretary of Com- cific Affairs. While I would like at the storm had passed things were still merce, Ron Brown, and 34 others. some time to share my observations of far from ‘‘sunny.’’ Ron Brown was a dear and personal that trip with my colleagues, some Anyway, Mr. President, soon other friend. His loss was compounded by my confusion has arisen in the Asian press newspapers in Asia were repeating the personal friendship with four other over a remark I made on that trip inaccurate Taiwanese reports. As a re- people who died that day. The shock of which I feel I need to correct sooner sult, the Chinese Government, through it still resonates. rather than later. two newspapers in Hong Kong known His family, and the families of the On April 3, I was privileged to have to be directed by Beijing—Ming Pao others who died with him in the service an hour-long meeting with Chinese and Wen Wei Po—began to publish arti- of their country feel the pain most di- President Jiang Zemin at Zhongnanhai cles denying—correctly of course—that rectly. There is no substitute for the in Beijing. A central focus of our dis- Jiang had made the statement attrib- love and the loss of a husband, a father, cussion was the tense situation in the uted to him by me as reported by Tai- and relative. I want to offer them my Taiwan Straits and strained relations wan’s press. sincere condolences and prayers at this between the PRC and Taiwan. When I became aware of the confusion sad time. the conversation turned toward what when I returned to Washington last His colleagues in the Government President Jiang perceived to be the week, and issued a press release to sev- and in the private sector will miss him then-current situation and prospects eral Asian papers in an effort to cor- and his leadership. Ron Brown not only for a return to a more stable cross- rect the inaccuracies. Although many energized the Democratic Party, but strait relationship, he replied para- papers ran articles correctly reflecting the Department of Commerce as well.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00041 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3790 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 The result of his efforts ranged from Gen. Daniel ‘‘Chappie’’ James, the Na- mingham-Southern College Sports Hall the creation of jobs for hundreds of tion’s first four-star black general; and of Fame on Saturday, April 27. As a thousands of American workers, to a William Coleman, Transportation Sec- member of the Sports Hall of Fame’s special job for a singular American, retary under former President Ford. Class of 1996, Congressman Battle will Bill Clinton, now President of the The inspirational story of the 332d be honored and recognized for his many United States. Fighter Group was told in a 1995 movie, athletic achievements while at Bir- Ron Brown’s legacy of achievement ‘‘The Tuskegee Airmen.’’ mingham-Southern and since. is a beacon of hope to all Americans, In 1939, a decade after obtaining his Laurie Battle was born in precisely because he exemplified the own flying license, Charles Anderson Wilsonville, AL in 1912, attended ele- possibilities when the higher angels of began a civilian pilot training program mentary school in Jefferson County, the American character prevail. He at Alabama’s Tuskegee Institute, now and moved to my hometown, overcame potential limitations, and Tuskegee University. In 1940, First Tuscumbia, in 1926. He graduated from turned liabilities into assets by dint of Lady Eleanor Roosevelt visited the Deshler High School in 1930 and went commitment, effort, and talent. His campus and decided to take a plane on to obtain his bachelor’s degree in was the essential American success ride. At that time, an erroneously-held psychology at Birmingham-Southern, story. But his was also a success story view was that blacks could not fly my alma mater. He later earned his for all humanity. Ron Brown was not a planes. Mrs. Roosevelt brushed aside master’s degree in sociology at Ohio selfish person. His life was dedicated to the nervous warnings of her Secret State University. During World War II, reaching out to others in pursuit of the Service detail and went on a long ride he served in the U.S. Army Air Corps, common good. That legacy is no more with Anderson, landing safely nearly rising to the rank of major, with serv- poignantly demonstrated than in the an hour later. ice in the Asiatic-Pacific theater. He young people to whom he gave oppor- Soon after, Tuskegee Institute was was awarded a Bronze Star for his tunity and guidance and a chance. Ron chosen for an experimental Army Air bravery and remained in the Reserves Brown did not pull the ladder of suc- Corps Program designed to determine until 1972. cess up behind him. whether black men could be successful He was first elected to the U.S. Con- I count myself among the fortunate pilots. The participants, many of whom gress in 1946, serving four consecutive proteges of Ron Brown. He helped came from small towns all across terms from 1947 until 1955. After retir- make my history-making election to America, passed rigorous tests to join ing from the House of Representatives, the U.S. Senate possible. I was only what became the 332d Fighter Group. he began a career in the insurance one of many of his students. Several Anderson was the chief flight instruc- business in Birmingham. The former others died with him that day. tor, thus earning him the nickname Congressman later served as a govern- Ron Brown’s passing has been pub- ‘‘Chief,’’ by which he was widely known ment relations executive in Wash- licly mourned by millions, and created throughout the rest of his life. ington, DC, and as staff director and an opportunity for a public expression The Tuskegee Airmen overcame ex- counsel for the House of Representa- of gratitude for his public service. I treme prejudice to win combat status, tives Rules Committee from 1966–76. He hope the families of those who perished allegedly only after Mrs. Roosevelt was later a special adviser to the U.S. with him will take some measure of pressed their case with her husband. League of Savings Associations. that expression as gratitude in mourn- The unit escorted American bombers Laurie Battle is well-renowned for ing for the lost ones: Ron Brown, Kath- over Europe and North Africa, pro- his athletic ability. Although he is now ryn Hoffman; Duane Christian; Carol viding a virtually impenetrable shield retired, he still plays paddleball with Hamilton; Bill Morton; Chuck Meiss- while downing hundreds of German one of his constituents, former Ala- ner; Gail Dobert; Lawrence Payne; fighters. After the war, Anderson man- bama Congressman Ben Erdreich, now Adam Darling; Steve Kaminski; Naomi aged an aircraft-sales business and con- chairman of the U.S. Merit Systems Warbasse; Kathy Kellogg; Jim Lewek; tinued to give flight instruction at Protection Board. They play twice a Lee Jackson; Dragica Lendic Bebek; Tuskegee. By this time, he had earned week in the House gymnasium, even as Niksa Antonini; Nathaniel Nash; Barry the title of ‘‘Father of Black Avia- Congressman Battle approaches his Conrad; Paul Cushman; Robert Dono- tion.’’ 84th birthday on May 10. He was Ben’s van; Claudio Elia; Leonard Pieroni; Chief Anderson borrowed $2,500 from Congressman when he was in high John Scoville; Donald Terner; Stuart friends and relatives and bought a used school in Jefferson County. Tholan; David Ford; Frank Maier; Wal- airplane when he was only 22. He I am pleased to commend and con- ter Murphy; Robert Whittaker; Ashley learned to fly by reading books and gratulate former Congressman Laurie Davis; Tim Schafer; Gerald Aldrich; getting tips from the white pilots who Battle for accomplishing so much dur- Robert Farrington, Jr.; Cheryl were willing to be cooperative. He ing his outstanding and colorful career, Turnage; Shelly Kelly. eventually became the first black pilot and especially for this latest honor of We will, as a community, have to to hold an air transport license. He being inducted into Birmingham- close ranks to go forward without flew a round trip transcontinental Southern’s Sports Hall of Fame. them, but with God’s grace the mark flight in 1933 and is believed to have f they made in service to us all will flown the first land plane to the Baha- KATHRYN HOFFMAN AND GAIL carry on. mas in 1934. He flew up until a few DOBERT—LIVES OF PROMISE f years ago, still willing to teach anyone CUT SHORT TRIBUTE TO ‘‘CHIEF’’ CHARLES who wanted to learn. ALFRED ANDERSON, FATHER OF Chief Charles Anderson was a great Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, the BLACK AVIATION American and an outstanding, com- tragic plane crash in Croatia on April 3 Mr. HEFLIN. Mr. President, one of mitted teacher who will forever be re- that took the life of Secretary of Com- the great pioneers of aviation passed membered as someone who overcame merce Ron Brown also took the lives of away on Saturday, April 13, at the age unfair barriers and prejudice to change 34 other men and women of great tal- of 89 at his home in Tuskegee, AL. the course of history. I extend my sin- ent, promise, and dedication, including Charles Alfred Anderson, who as a cerest condolences to his family in the 11 other employees of the Department young boy dreamed of soaring through wake of this tremendous loss and share of Commerce. the skies as a pilot, leaves a legacy of their enormous pride in all that he ac- Since that tragedy, many eloquent breaking down racial barriers in the complished. words have been spoken and written field of aviation. He did this by train- f about all of the victims. In two of the ing a famed unit of black fighter pilots most eloquent articles I have seen. Mi- during World War II, known since as TRIBUTE TO FORMER CONGRESS- chael Wilbon wrote extremely mov- the Tuskegee Airmen. MAN LAURIE CALVIN BATTLE ingly in the Washington Post on April Among the members of Chief Ander- Mr. HEFLIN. Mr. President, former 5 about his friend Kathryn Hoffman, son’s unit were Coleman Young, who Alabama Congressman Laurie Calvin and Cindy Loose wrote equally mov- later became the mayor of Detroit; Battle will be inducted into the Bir- ingly in the Post yesterday about the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00042 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3791 life of Gail Dobert. Sadly, these two ing whether Michael Irvin or Mike Tyson is Brown’s airplane crashed into a Croatian lives of great promise have been sud- a role model when Ron Brown was on TV hillside. Like her, several of the victims denly and tragically cut short. I know every night, dressed up, looking good, sound- were young and most were in the middle that many others will be interested to ing even better, jetting hither and yon, net- ranks of government service. working with world leaders and businessmen Her friends and family memorialized her in learn more about the lives of these two to do work that mattered, helping save the all the traditional ways. On Friday, the an- dedicated employees, and I ask unani- Democratic Party from itself, being a pa- niversary of her birth, a funeral was held in mous consent that the articles be triot. No, you couldn’t find him on her home town on Long Island. On Saturday printed in the RECORD. ‘‘SportsCenter,’’ and he didn’t have stats or morning, hundreds gathered at St. Peter’s There being no objection, the article a trading card, but he was a role model. He Church on Capitol Hill to eulogize her, then were ordered to be printed in the defined it. followed the hearse for a graveside service. It might seem strange to follow that with RECORD, as follows: I wonder, in the wake of his death, how many Division I scholarship football and bas- a party, conceded her friend Chris Wilson. [From the Washington Post, Apr. 5, 1996] ketball players (outside of Washington) can But if you knew Gail Dobert, he said, it THE DEATH OF MY FRIEND IS OUR LOSS tell you what Ron Brown did for a living, would not seem that extraordinary. She was, (By Michael Wilbon) why he needed to go to Dubrovnik and why he explained, a festive, life-loving person who would have wanted her family and One of my dearest friends, Kathryn Hoff- his death has caused so much anguish among people who never met him. No Ashe, no friends—well in excess of 100, it turned out— man, was on that plane. I have no idea of her to hold the party she had planned for them. official Commerce Department title, but I do Lewis, no Brown. Sports, business and gov- ernment. Are there people in the ranks like Besides, they couldn’t just all go home know she was Ron Brown’s right hand, his alone. What else, then, could they do? ‘‘This scheduler. When he went to Africa, she went them? Can we be certain the intellect and re- lentless work they provided will be replen- party has got to be the beginning of getting with him. When he went to Asia, she went better—her death has been so hard, it just ished in the near future? Perhaps the worst with him. I have her postcards from South has to be,’’ Wilson said. thing about the crash is that it deprived us America and Eastern Europe and other cor- Despite working grueling hours at the ners of the world in a kitchen drawer. not only of the general, but of his lieuten- Commerce Department, Dobert was always Kathryn was the girl you dreamed about ants such as Carol Hamilton and Bill Morton the life of the party. If anyone could per- meeting as a little boy: stunningly pretty, and Kathryn Hoffman, people who had made suade a shy person to sing along at a smart, quick with a comeback, and a sports public service their lives, their passion. We karaoke bar, belting out, ‘‘These boots were enthusiast. Okay, she wasn’t perfect; she was have to hope there’s no shortage of worthy made for walking,’’ it would be Dobert. a Knicks fan. But Boys Night Out often was candidates to take up their missions. ‘‘There is so much to celebrate about amended to Boys & Kathryn. Never Kathy. This was to be a festive weekend, and not Gail’s life and so many fun things to remem- Kathryn. I called her from the 1988 Summer just because of Easter. For the first time ber,’’ Pages said. ‘‘For her to live on, you Olympics in Seoul and made her give me since last August, just about all the mem- have to talk about the good times.’’ play-by-play on the fourth quarter of a Bears bers of the crew going to be off the road, off So there they were, eating and drinking game, and she was seamless. Another time the planes and out of the hotels. Many of us and sharing pictures in the Alexandria home we drove from Chicago to Capital Centre in made plans here in Washington. Age 35, and back yard of Chip Gardiner, a congres- 10 hours, just in time to see Tyson knock out which Kathryn would have been in August, is sional aide. Spinks in the first round on closed circuit. about the time you start to realize life isn’t ‘‘This is such a tribute these young people She used to say I had the greatest, most everlasting, when you become more serious are paying our Gail,’’ said Dobert’s mother, glamorous job—traveling the world in search and consistent about those silent prayers for Maureen. ‘‘When people think of Wash- of games, but last week there was this late- your friends in flight, when it first hits you ington, they think of a huge bureaucracy. I night phone call. I was going to the Final that just because you planned dinner doesn’t wish they knew how many idealistic, hard- Four; she was going to France, then Bosnia. mean everybody’s going to be there. working young people there are. The politics I told her I couldn’t believe a basketball fan I joined a couple of my friends from Com- in the halls of Congress may be the engine, such as Ron Brown was leaving during the merce late last night because sleep wasn’t but the train is run by them.’’ Final Four, and she laughed. coming, and misery needs company most ‘‘She made us very proud,’’ said Dobert’s She had taken her dogs, Max and Bo, to when nobody’s got any answers. I tried to father, Ken. ‘‘We always said that if parents Fredericksburg to the breeder where they think of all the safe, productive trips abroad got paid, we’d have to take half pay because stay when she’s traveling. She had a house that Kathryn made with The Secretary, all she and her brother made our job so easy.’’ now and a four-wheel drive vehicle and a gar- the trade and business their missions helped Dobert’s brother, Ray, turned 33 the day of den, for crying out loud, and I couldn’t help generate, all the goodwill their junkets cre- his sister’s burial. There was a cake for him but ask if finally, having seen the entire ated for the country. But the head is never at her birthday party, just as she had in- world and then some, if she still thought this any match for the heart, and that didn’t tended. Small groups at various times surrounded life of hopping planes was so glamorous. And change last night. What I wanted was an- photo albums, laughing. ‘‘There’s the famous she said, no, not anymore, but there are peo- other postcard in the mailbox, one from raincoat,’’ someone said, pointing at a photo ple who love their work and are addicted to Singapore or Venezuela that let me know she snapped at a wedding reception as the band excitement in a way no desk job can satisfy. was safe, one signed, like so many others, played ‘‘It’s Raining Men.’’ No one was danc- It’s the truth. We made the promise we al- ‘‘Be home soon, Love, Kathryn.’’ ing until Dobert decided to enliven things by ways made about getting more balance in [From the Washington Post, Apr. 15, 1996] hopping on the dance floor with a tambou- our lives, about traveling less. We planned rine and the bright pink and iridescent yel- dinner for Saturday—tomorrow night. (By Cindy Loose) low coat. AFTER FUNERAL, A CELEBRATION OF A RICH Most of us who live our lives this way don’t Eileen Parise had a picture from the time LIFE—BIRTHDAY PARTY BECOMES TRIBUTE think about dying on a plane, not when she got Dobert and two other friends tickets TO CROATIA VICTIM you’re single and 35 has yet to come and the to the Baltimore reception Vice President career—in Kathryn’s case, public service— Gail Dobert was always up to something. Gore gave in honor of Pope John Paul II. As keeps you on a high. You get on the plane She was the one to organize the beach house happened not infrequently, Dobert’s battered and read, work, go to sleep. It becomes, per- rental at Rehoboth Beach, Del., every sum- car broke down, this time on Route 50 near versely enough, the place you can relax. I mer, inviting so many people that you never the Baltimore airport. never, not for one split second, thought a got your own room—and felt lucky if you got ‘‘The other people in the car were praying U.S. military jet would fail to bring her back a bed. and saying Hail Marys,’’ Parise said. ‘‘Gail alive. She could get tickets to anything and per- starts schmoozing the state trooper that Four of my closest friends have worked for suade her friends to go anywhere, even a came by. He not only had the car towed but Ron Brown at Commerce, which made the business dinner. ‘‘I have to go talk to a Bon- then drove everyone to the reception.’’ moments immediately following the news of sai tree woman,’’ she once told her friend From inside, someone shouted, ‘‘Here’s the crash, well, numbing. Through them, I Krista Pages. ‘‘Come on, you’ll have a great Gail,’’ and about a dozen people, expecting to got to know. ‘‘The Secretary’’ (as they’d call time.’’ Believe it or not, it turned out to be see a vacation videotape from Rehobeth, ran him) a little bit and to admire him a lot. His fun, Pages said. inside. Instead, it turned out to be the death, and the recent deaths of Arthur Ashe If she could have been at her 35th birthday evening news, with a snippet of Dobert’s me- and entrepreneur Reginald Lewis, depress me party, which she organized before leaving for morial service that day. The clip went by to the point of despair, not just because in- Bosnia with Commerce Secretary Ronald H. quickly, segueing into another memorial for spired and productive men were snatched Brown, she would have loved it. another crash victim. There was pained si- from earth in the primes of their lives, but The barbecue and keg party took place lence. Then someone moved to turn off the because they were the hedge against hope- Saturday, just as she had planned, a few television, and another guest arrived. lessness. They were the healers, the men who hours after her burial in a Maryland ceme- ‘‘We brought a semi-good bottle of wine,’’ could negotiate any situation—men who tery. Dobert, the acting director of the Com- the new guest told Gardiner. looked at bigots and fools and laughed inside merce Department’s Office of Business Liai- ‘‘You can drop the semi—it’s full isn’t it?’’ while brushing them aside. It’s sick, debat- son, was among the 35 people who died when Wilson asked. ‘‘Hey, it even has a cork.’’

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00043 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3792 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 The celebration and jocularity were real, EC–2280. A communication from the Chair- fiscal year 1997 and multiyear plan; to the but so were the moments of pain expressed man of the Council of the District of Colum- Committee on Governmental Affairs. on every face at some point. Maureen Dobert bia, transmitting, pursuant to law, copies of f sang along when a birthday cake was D.C. Act 11–227 adopted by the Council on brought out for her son and another guest March 5, 1996; to the Committee on Govern- REPORT OF COMMITTEE with an April 13 birthday. But she confided mental Affairs. The following report of committee that she was using her public face. The pri- EC–2281. A communication from the Chair- vate one, she said, gives into grief some- man of the Council of the District of Colum- was submitted: times. bia, transmitting, pursuant to law, copies of By Mrs. KASSEBAUM, from the Com- ‘‘You know, one day they go to kinder- D.C. Act 11–229 adopted by the Council on mittee on Labor and Human Resources, with garten, and you have to let them go,’’ she March 5, 1996; to the Committee on Govern- an amendment in the nature of a substitute: said. ‘‘Then they want to ride their bike mental Affairs. S. 1324. A bill to amend the Public Health around the corner, and you tell them to be EC–2282. A communication from the Chair- Service Act to revise and extend the solid- careful and let them go. Before you know it, man of the Council of the District of Colum- organ procurement and transplantation pro- they’re adults and you say, okay, I’m going bia, transmitting, pursuant to law, copies of grams, and the bone marrow donor program, to let them go. D.C. Act 11–230 adopted by the Council on and for other purposes (Rept. No. 104–256). ‘‘But this is the hardest letting go you ever March 5, 1996; to the Committee on Govern- f have to do. I wanted her longer, but it’s not mental Affairs. going to work. It’s the hardest letting go, EC–2283. A communication from the Chair- INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND but somehow you have to do it.’’ man of the Council of the District of Colum- JOINT RESOLUTIONS f bia, transmitting, pursuant to law, copies of D.C. Act 11–231 adopted by the Council on The following bills and joint resolu- MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT March 5, 1996; to the Committee on Govern- tions were introduced, read the first Messages from the President of the mental Affairs. and second time by unanimous con- United States were communicated to EC–2284. A communication from the Chair- sent, and referred as indicated: man of the Council of the District of Colum- By Mr. CONRAD (for himself, Mr. the Senate by Mr. Thomas, one of his bia, transmitting, pursuant to law, copies of GRASSLEY, Mr. HARKIN, Mr. PRYOR, secretaries. D.C. Act 11–232 adopted by the Council on f March 5, 1996; to the Committee on Govern- Mr. BUMPERS, Mr. HEFLIN, Mr. KERREY, Mr. DORGAN, Mr. DASCHLE, EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED mental Affairs. EC–2285. A communication from the Chair- and Mr. PRESSLER): As in executive session the Presiding man of the Council of the District of Colum- S. 1690. A bill to provide a grace period for Officer laid before the Senate message bia, transmitting, pursuant to law, copies of the prohibition on Consolidated Farm Serv- from the President of the United D.C. Act 11–233 adopted by the Council on ice Agency lending to delinquent borrowers, March 5, 1996; to the Committee on Govern- and for other purposes; to the Committee on States submitting sundry nominations Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. which were referred to the appropriate mental Affairs. EC–2286. A communication from the Chair- By Mr. HARKIN: committees. man of the Council of the District of Colum- S. 1691. A bill to provide for a minimum (The nominations received today are bia, transmitting, pursuant to law, copies of presence of INS agents in each State; to the printed at the end of the Senate pro- D.C. Act 11–234 adopted by the Council on Committee on the Judiciary. ceedings.) March 5, 1996; to the Committee on Govern- S. 1692. A bill to bar Federal agencies from procuring goods and services from employees f mental Affairs. EC–2287. A communication from the Chair- of illegal aliens; to the Committee on Gov- MESSAGES FROM THE HOUSE man of the Council of the District of Colum- ernmental Affairs. RECEIVED DURING ADJOURNMENT bia, transmitting, pursuant to law, copies of By Mr. KYL (for himself, Mrs. FEIN- STEIN, Mr. HATCH, and Mr. CRAIG): ENROLLED BILL SIGNED D.C. Act 11–235 adopted by the Council on S.J. Res. 52. A joint resolution proposing Under the authority of the order of March 5, 1996; to the Committee on Govern- mental Affairs. an amendment to the Constitution of the the Senate of January 4, 1995, the Sec- EC–2288. A communication from the Chair- United States to protect the rights of vic- retary of the Senate, on April 19, 1996, man of the Council of the District of Colum- tims of crimes; to the Committee on the Ju- during the adjournment of the Senate, bia, transmitting, pursuant to law, copies of diciary. received a message from the House of D.C. Act 11–236 adopted by the Council on f Representatives announcing that the March 5, 1996; to the Committee on Govern- Speaker has signed the following en- mental Affairs. STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED rolled bill: EC–2289. A communication from the Chair- BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS man of the Council of the District of Colum- H.R. 3034. An act to amend the Indian Self- bia, transmitting, pursuant to law, copies of By Mr. CONRAD (for himself, Mr. Determination and Education Assistance Act D.C. Act 11–237 adopted by the Council on GRASSLEY, Mr. HARKIN, Mr. to extend for two months the authority for March 5, 1996; to the Committee on Govern- PRYOR, Mr. BUMPERS, Mr. HEF- promulgating regulations under the Act. mental Affairs. LIN, Mr. KERREY, Mr. DORGAN, Under the authority of the order of EC–2290. A communication from the Chair- Mr. DASCHLE, and Mr. PRESS- man of the Council of the District of Colum- the Senate of January 4, 1995, the en- LER): bia, transmitting, pursuant to law, copies of rolled bill was signed subsequently on S. 1690. A bill to provide a grace pe- April 19, 1996, during the adjournment D.C. Act 11–238 adopted by the Council on March 5, 1996; to the Committee on Govern- riod for the prohibition on Consoli- of the Senate, by the President pro mental Affairs. dated Farm Service Agency lending to tempore [Mr. THURMOND]. EC–2291. A communication from the Chair- delinquent borrowers, and for other f man of the Council of the District of Colum- purposes; to the Committee on Agri- EXECUTIVE AND OTHER bia, transmitting, pursuant to law, copies of culture, Nutrition, and Forestry. D.C. Act 11–240 adopted by the Council on COMMUNICATIONS AGRICULTURAL LEGISLATION March 5, 1996; to the Committee on Govern- ∑ The following communications were mental Affairs. Mr. CONRAD. Madam President, the laid before the Senate, together with EC–2292. A communication from the Chair- farm bill enacted 2 weeks ago has accompanying papers, reports, and doc- man of the Council of the District of Colum- changed the Farm Service Agency’s uments, which were referred as indi- bia, transmitting, pursuant to law, copies of loan eligibility rules for thousands of D.C. Act 11–242 adopted by the Council on cated: producers only a few weeks from plant- March 5, 1996; to the Committee on Govern- ing. It has become very clear that the EC–2278. A communication from the Chair- mental Affairs. man of the Council of the District of Colum- EC–2293. A communication from the Chair- effective date of the new loan eligi- bia, transmitting, pursuant to law, copies of man of the Council of the District of Colum- bility provisions is causing hardship D.C. Act 11–216 adopted by the Council on bia, transmitting, pursuant to law, copies of for producers in the midst of imple- February 6, 1996; to the Committee on Gov- D.C. Act 11–243 adopted by the Council on menting farm and ranch plans for the ernmental Affairs. March 5, 1996; to the Committee on Govern- year. Farmers and ranchers are being EC–2279. A communication from the Chair- mental Affairs. informed that, although their loan ap- man of the Council of the District of Colum- EC–2294. A communication from the Execu- bia, transmitting, pursuant to law, copies of tive Director of the District of Columbia Fi- plications were approved, the Sec- D.C. Act 11–228 adopted by the Council on nancial Responsibility and Management As- retary is now prohibited from pro- March 5, 1996; to the Committee on Govern- sistance Authority, transmitting, pursuant viding the loan funds to the farmer mental Affairs. to law, the report on the Mayor’s budget for under

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00044 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3793 the new farm bill. Thousands of farm- the Farm Bill is plain mean-spirited. I farm bill. Certain sections of the credit ers will be forced to cancel seed, fer- hope my colleagues support this bill to title of the new farm bill are being im- tilizer, machinery, and land contracts give farmers and ranchers 90 days to plemented to the detriment of farmers with local, main street businesses. adjust to the Farm Bill’s new restric- who have had any debts forgiven by the Many businesses have already deliv- tions.∑ Government in the past. ered seed and fertilizer based on the ∑ Mr. GRASSLEY. Madam President, I This has come as quite a surprise to Government loan commitment. Many am pleased to join in introducing legis- many farmers in South Dakota and farmers who expected to plant a crop lation establishing a transition period other parts of the Nation. I have heard this year when prices are high will sim- to help our farmers who are attempting from several farmers who had applied ply have to move to town and look for to obtain financing under the Consoli- for operating or emergency disaster other work. This is not sensible policy- dated Farm and Rural Development loans who are now being told they are making. My legislation will delay the Act. The comprehensive farm bill that ineligible because of past debt forgive- effective date of some of the loan eligi- was signed into law earlier this month ness. That is not right. That is not bility provisions to give farmers and made a number of significant reforms what Congress intended. Most impor- ranchers, and the businessmen who de- to our Federal agriculture policy. tant, this is the last thing a farmer pend on doing business with the farm- Among these reforms was a change in needs to hear, especially when he needs ers and ranchers, time to adjust to the how the U.S. Department of Agri- a loan to get this year’s crop in. In new loan eligibility law. culture extends credit to certain types some cases, Mr. President, I have Section 648(b) of the credit title of of borrowers. This new policy is nec- learned that farmers who had approved the farm bill was made effective on the essary to ensure the sound investment loans that had not been disbursed by date of enactment. My bill will change of taxpayer dollars. April 4, are also now being told they the effective date of section 648(b) to Specifically, section 373 of the act are no longer eligible. Again, this is make the provisions effective 90 days prohibits the Secretary of Agriculture not what Congress intended. after enactment, or July 5, 1996. It is from making or guaranteeing loans to You can imagine how a farmer would feel when, after having his loan ap- my hope that my colleagues will sup- borrowers who have received debt for- proved and a date set for disbursement, port this legislation. giveness in the past. Debt forgiveness During conference, I and many of my is defined as a writeoff or reduction of he’s told the check’s no longer in the colleagues hoped that section 648(b)’s a direct or guaranteed loan or dis- mail. Mr. President, already Members of effective date would be deferred to charge of debt through bankruptcy. Congress are seeking to correct his un- allow farmers some warning of the new Although I was not on the Agri- intended development. The chairmen of restrictions and avoid the problems culture Committee last summer when the Senate and House Agriculture farmers are now experiencing. How- the credit title was marked up, it is my Committees have written to U.S. Sec- ever, the majority insisted on making understanding that no member from ei- retary of Agriculture, Dan Glickman, the provisions of section 648(b) effec- ther side of the aisle objected to this to express their concerns about this provision. Also, this section was not tive upon enactment. As a result, the implementation. It is clear we need subject to amendment during the floor Secretary is prohibited from allocating legislation to ensure pending and fu- funds and making those loans, even if debate in February. ture loans can go through. Therefore, So we are not necessarily arguing there were pending applications or ap- today we are introducing a bill that with the policy of this section. But proved applications or borrowers who would delay the implementation of sec- there are farmers who had applied for had relied on approved applications to tion 373 of the Consolidated Farm and their annual operating loans in Feb- their detriment. The immediate and Rural Development Act, until July 5, ruary or March, who expected to re- harsh effect of this provision was part 1996. This would provide the time for of the reason I opposed the farm bill ceive this financial assistance. They USDA to disburse loans to farmers for conference report. have been caught in the pipeline, so to this year’s spring planting. It is my opinion that the entire farm speak, through no fault of their own. I am pleased to undertake this cor- bill should be revisited and corrected. This group of farmers were eligible for rective effort along with Senator However, the case for correcting the these loans when they applied. But GRASSLEY and others. Similar legisla- harsh effective date of section 648(b) is under the new farm bill they are ineli- tion has been introduced in the House particularly compelling and that is gible. of Representatives and I urge congres- why I am introducing this legislation It is only fair to give these farmers a sional adoption of these measures as today. period to adjust to the new rules. That soon as possible. Time is running out It is April 1996 and no one can argue is all this bill does. It does not change and we must act. that many farmers and ranchers, who the reform-minded policy put in place Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, I want are now prohibited from borrowing by section 373. It merely moves back to commend Senator CONRAD for intro- under section 648(b), have relied to the implementation date of the section ducing this legislation to correct a pro- their detriment on approved applica- to allow the Farm Service Agency to vision in the newly passed farm bill tions for ownership loans, operating process these loan applications and re- that threatens to leave thousands of loans, and emergency disaster loans. It lease the money to these borrowers. farm families in the lurch as they at- is also too late in the season to provide More importantly, this bill gives the tempt to get a crop in the ground this these farmers and ranchers with time farmers subject to this section an op- spring. This feature of the new farm to obtain some other form of financing. portunity to adjust to a significant bill hits especially hard farmers, such During my time in the Senate and on change in policy that could adversely as those in parts of Iowa, who are try- the Agriculture Committee, I have sup- affect their business. ing to recover from the hardships ported measures to make the Federal This Congress passed a revolutionary caused by disaster situations beyond Government a more responsible and farm bill, characterized by long-needed their control. It is my understanding practical agricultural lender. I have reforms. But we must remember that that some 30 to 40 percent of the ap- worked to reduce and eliminate the these changes affect real people, like proximately 8,000 USDA borrowers in amount of debt the Farm Service Agen- family farmers. Therefore, it is nec- Iowa are likely to be adversely affected cy carries on its books. By introducing essary that sufficient transition time by this provision. this legislation, I am not encouraging be given so that farmers can adjust and The provision involved here prohibits the Farm Service Agency to make modify their business practices accord- USDA from making any type of oper- risky loans. However, for those farmers ingly.∑ ating, farm ownership, or emergency who have been approved for loans, have Mr. PRESSLER. Mr. President, now loan to a person who has at any time relied on that approval to their det- that the farm bill is in place, farmers received any debt forgiveness from riment, and find themselves days away are doing their spring planting for the USDA on such a loan in the past. This from planting, it is just too late to se- 1996 crops, or soon will begin. However, provision was by clear terms made ef- cure other forms of financing. The tim- an unintended glitch has been discov- fective immediately upon enactment of ing of the immediate effective date in ered in the implementation of the new the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00045 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3794 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 new farm bill, which was signed into mean much if we do not make sure Mr. President, in the immigration re- law on April 4 of this year. As a con- that our States have the tools and sup- form legislation before the Senate this sequence, many farmers who were in port they need to enforce those laws in week, the Attorney General will be the process of having loans approved the first place. mandated to increase the number of are cut off at the very last moment That is why I rise today to offer this Border Patrol agents by 1,000 every from credit that they were fully justi- bill that would require the Attorney year for the next 4 years. Yet for Iowa, fied in counting on for planting this General to provide at least 10 full-time the Justice Department can only spare year’s crop. Farm families have enough active duty agents of the Immigration four law enforcement agents and no to worry about during planting season and Naturalization Service in each agents to perform examinations or in- without having Congress create a State. These can be either new agents spections functions. whole new set of unanticipated prob- or existing agents shifted from other By providing each State with its own lems and worries for them. States. INS office, the Justice Department will The consequence of this provision of In America today, immigration is not save taxpayer dollars by reducing not the farm bill is that no matter how simply a California issue or a New only travel time but also jail time per small the amount forgiven, no matter York issue or a Texas or Florida issue. alien, since a permanent INS presence whether the forgiveness was due to rea- I can tell you that it is a real issue— would substantially speed up deporta- sons entirely beyond the control of the and a real challenge—in my own State. tion proceedings. borrower, no new credit may be pro- But today there are three States—in- There is also a growing need to assist vided even if the farmer is now a sound cluding Iowa—that have no permanent legal immigrants and to speed up docu- credit risk—except for limited cir- INS presence to combat illegal immi- ment processing. The Omaha INS office cumstances in the case of annual oper- gration or to assist legal immigrants. reported that based on its first quarter ating loans for borrowers whose debt In fact, in Iowa every other Federal totals for this year the examinations was restructured under section 353. For law enforcement agency is represented process for legal immigrants applying example, even if a portion of interest, except the Immigration and Natu- for citizenship or adjusting their status but no principal, was forgiven on a loan ralization Service. went up 45 percent from last year. Even This is a commonsense amendment. during the farm crisis a decade or more though, once again, the manpower for Ten agents is a modest level compared ago, for reasons beyond the control of the Omaha INS office is down by one- to agents in other States. According to the borrower, this provision says no third. INS current staffing levels, Missouri more loans. I have recommended that a perma- has 92 agents, Minnesota has 281 There may be reasonable arguments nent INS office in Des Moines be lo- agents, and the State of Washingon has over the fairness of that policy, but cated in free office space that would be 440. And Iowa, West Virginia, and clearly the harshest aspect of the new provided by the Des Moines Inter- South Dakota have zero. This just does farm bill’s loan ineligibility provision national Airport. Placing the office in not make any sense. the Des Moines International Airport is that it kicked into effect on the date Clearly every State needs a min- would benefit Iowa in three ways. the bill became law, with little or no imum INS presence to meet basic First, it would cut costs and save tax- warning to farmers whose loans were in needs. My bill would ensure that need payers money. Second, it would gen- the process of being approved. The is met. It would affect 10 States and erate economic benefits for Iowa be- farm bill was long overdue by the time only require 61 agents which is less it passed Congress, and the problems than 0.3 percent of the current 19,780 cause the airport could then process caused by the lateness of the bill were INS agents nationwide. international arrivals and advance compounded by the specific preclusion Let me speak briefly about the situa- Iowa’s goal of becoming increasingly of any grace period for the new prohibi- tion in my own State. Currently, Iowa more competitive in the global market. tion against loans to borrowers receiv- shares an INS office located in Omaha, Third, the office would be able to proc- ing past loan forgiveness. Farmers NE. In its February report, the Omaha ess legal immigrants living in Iowa. were left with virtually nowhere to INS office reported that they appre- I urge my colleagues to join in sup- turn because it was too late in the sea- hended a total of 704 illegal aliens last port of my bill. It is common sense, it son to have a realistic chance to ar- year for the two-State area. This num- is modest, and it sends a clear message range other financing. ber is up by 52 percent from 1994. to our States that we are committed to There has been some discussion The irony here is that in 1995, the enforcing our immigration laws and whether USDA has misinterpreted the INS office in Omaha was operating at a giving them the tools they need to do language of the bill or the legislative 33-percent reduction in manpower from it.∑ intent as to the effect of the new ineli- 1994 staff levels. Yet the number of ille- By Mr. HARKIN: gibility provision, but the language of gal aliens apprehended increased by 52 S. 1692. A bill to bar Federal agencies the bill is quite clear. Moreover, the percent that year. from procuring goods and services from matter of a reasonable grace period This same report states that there employees of illegal aliens; to the Com- was specifically discussed during con- are about 550 criminal aliens being de- mittee on Governmental Affairs. ference, but was rejected by the major- tained or serving sentences in Iowa and THE ILLEGAL WORKER PREVENTION ACT ity conferees. Nebraska city/county jails. Many of ∑ Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, the I believe USDA should be careful in these aliens were arrested for con- chief magnet drawing illegal immi- lending money, but the new farm bill is trolled substance violations and drug grants into the United States and ena- too extreme and too harsh. trafficking crimes. bling them to stay—is jobs. Border con- This bill is a limited remedy for the A little law enforcement relief is on trol is an effective strategy against il- harshness of the new ineligibility pro- its way to Iowa. The Justice Depart- legal immigration but the lure of jobs vision in the farm bill and the serious ment announced that it will establish will continue to attract illegal work- hardship it is causing. I am hopeful an INS office in Cedar Rapids with four ers. We must reduce the job magnet that legislation can be passed yet this law enforcement agents. That is a good that draws illegal immigrants to this week to address this very unfair situa- step. And it is four more agents then country and deprives American work- tion created by the new farm bill. we had before. ers of their livelihood. By Mr. HARKIN: But we need additional INS enforce- For years, illegal aliens entering the S. 1691. A bill to provide for a min- ment to assist Iowa’s law enforcement United States have found employers imum presence of INS agents in each in the central and western parts our ready and willing to hire them, often State; to the Committee on the Judici- State. for wages which were substandard and ary. In fact, the Omaha district office as- under conditions which ranged from THE IMMIGRATION CONTROL ENFORCEMENT ACT sessed in their initial report to the Jus- improper to illegal and inhumane. We ∑ Mr. HARKIN. Mr. President, much of tice Department that at least eight passed the Immigration Reform and the debate on this floor is focused on INS enforcement agents are needed Control Act of 1986 which made it ille- how to strengthen our immigration simply to handle the issue of illegal gal to hire undocumented workers. We laws. But whatever we pass will not immigration in Iowa. have recently beefed up enforcement of

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00046 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3795 this legislation but must continue to workers who need the jobs but to other process, the victim shall have the following do more. employers who abide by the law and do rights: to be informed of and given the op- Today I am introducing legislation to not boost profits by exploiting their portunity to be present at every proceeding keep Federal contracts from going to labor. in which those rights are extended to the ac- cused or convicted offender; to be heard at businesses who knowingly hire illegal At the same time, by introducing any proceeding involving sentencing, includ- workers. My legislation makes perma- this legislation, I want to make clear ing the right to object to a previously nego- nent, President Clinton’s February 13 that employment discrimination will tiated plea, or release from custody; to be in- Executive order. Employers who know- not be tolerated. Existing Federal laws formed of any release or escape; and to a ingly hire illegal workers should not prohibit employers from discrimi- speedy trial, a final conclusion free from un- benefit from Government business and nating against employees on the basis reasonable delay, full restitution from the tax dollars. of national origin or race. Enforcement convicted offender, reasonable measures to Consider the following two incidents of this legislation will not undermine protect the victim from violence or intimi- which occurred at work sites in Mary- dation by the accused or convicted offender, antidiscrimination protection for legal and notice of the victim’s rights. land in March of this year. On March workers. SECTION 2. The several States, with respect 21, INS agents arrested four illegal im- From its beginning, our Nation has to a proceeding in a State forum, and the migrants working on Fort Meade Army been a land of immigrants—people Congress with respect to a proceeding in a base. They were building Government from the world over seeking refuge, op- United States forum, shall have the power to town homes under a $24 million Federal portunity, and a better life for them- implement further the rights established in contract. A week later, INS agents ar- selves and their families. Like my this article by appropriate legislation. rested 12 illegal immigrants removing mother, who came to Iowa from Slo- Mr. President, these simple words asbestos from the Fallon Federal venia. America is the land of oppor- will help to restore justice to a system Building in downtown Baltimore. tunity, but America is also a land of fraught with injustice. Benedict Ferro, INS Director for the responsibility. I remain adamantly op- SUPPORT Maryland district, noted, ‘‘* * * there posed to discrimination at the work- The amendment is supported by is a willingness by employers to hire place but feel that we must do more to major national victims’ rights groups: them. Without that willingness, we crack down on illegal immigration and Parents of Murdered Children, Mothers wouldn’t have this problem. It hurts, those who violate our laws at the ex- Against Drunk Driving [MADD], the these are not jobs that permanent resi- pense of American workers.∑ National Organization for Victim As- dents of the United States wouldn’t sistance, the National Victim Center, want. These are jobs that could be By Mr. KYL (for himself, Mrs. the National Victims’ Constitutional filled by the unemployed in Maryland.’’ FEINSTEIN, Mr. HATCH, and Mr. Amendment Network, the Victim As- These are examples of the employers CRAIG): sistance Legal Organization, and the we need to focus our efforts on. Most S.J. Res. 52. A joint resolution pro- Doris Tate Crime Victims Bureau. employers want to comply with the law posing an amendment to the Constitu- NEED TO PROTECT VICTIMS’ RIGHTS—SCALES OF but for the few that spoil it for every- tion of the United States to protect the JUSTICE IMBALANCED one, we have to have a tough strategy. rights of victims of crimes; to the Com- There is a need to protect victims’ Any effort to stem the flow of illegal mittee on the Judiciary. rights because the scales of justice are immigration into our country cannot RIGHTS OF CRIME VICTIMS CONSTITUTIONAL imbalanced. succeed if the lure of U.S. jobs remains. AMENDMENT Those accused of crime have many American jobs belong to lawful work- Mr. KYL. Mr. President, April 21–27 is constitutionally protected rights; They ers. A strong worksite enforcement National Crime Victims’ Rights Week. are innocent until proven guilty; they policy discourages illegal workers from To ensure that crime victims are have the right to due process; right to crossing the border into the United treated with fairness, dignity, and re- confront witnesses; right against self- States in addition to supporting Amer- spect, I rise—along with my colleague incrimination; right to a jury trial; ican jobs for citizens and other legal Senator FEINSTEIN—to introduce a right to a speedy trial; right to coun- workers. joint resolution proposing a constitu- sel; right to be free from unreasonable Curbing illegal immigration by en- tional amendment to establish and pro- searches and seizures. forcing worker protection laws has a tect the rights of crime victims. Yet, despite rights for the accused, direct, if too seldom noted, policy con- Representative HENRY HYDE will in- the U.S. Constitution, our highest law, nection. Illegal immigrants are fre- troduce a companion joint resolution does not protect the rights of crime quently subjected to subminimum in the House. The Senate Judiciary victims. wages, dangerous workplaces, long Committee will hold a full committee The recognized symbol of justice is a hours, and other poor working condi- hearing on the resolution tomorrow, figure holding a balanced set of scales, tions because they are desperate for Tuesday, April 23. And I would like to but in reality the scales are heavily work and in a weak position to insist thank Senator HATCH for recognizing weighed on the side of the accused. on their rights. Knowingly hiring ille- the importance of this issue and mov- These protections are sadly one-sided. gal immigrants both reveals, and re- ing so quickly to hold hearings. This My proposal will not deny or infringe wards, an employer’s willingness to should be a signal to my colleagues and any constitutional right of any person break the law, and undermine wages to all America that the time for justice accused or convicted of a crime. But it and working conditions for legal work- for crime victims is at hand. will add to the body of rights we all ers. My legislation would ensure that The proposed constitutional amend- enjoy as Americans. the Federal Government does not re- ment will give victims fundamental Each year, about 43 million Ameri- ward such conduct with U.S. tax dol- rights to be informed, present, and cans are victims of serious crime. lars. heard at critical stages throughout These victims have no constitutional Labor law enforcement not only their case, and the rights to a speedy rights. They are often treated as mere helps ensure fairness and minimally trial, reasonable protection, and full inconveniences, forced to view the acceptable employment standards in restitution from the convicted of- process from the sidelines. Defendants the workplace, but also helps to foster fender—the least the system owes to can be present through their entire a level competitive playing field for those it failed to protect. trial because they have a constitu- employers. Businesses who knowingly The text of the amendment is clear tional right to be there. But in many hire illegal workers at substandard and straightforward. It reads: trials, victims are ordered to leave the wages and working conditions have an SECTION 1. To ensure that the victim is courtroom. advantage over employers who do not treated with fairness, dignity, and respect, Victims often are not informed of exploit their workers. INS agents note from the occurrence of a crime of violence critical proceedings, such as hearings and other crimes as may be defined by law that companies are willing to hire ille- pursuant to section 2 of this article, and to consider releasing a defendant on gal workers to slash costs and increase throughout the criminal, military, and juve- bail or allowing him to plea bargain to profits. This is blatantly against the nile justice processes, as a matter of funda- a reduced charge. Even when victims law and not only unfair to American mental rights to liberty, justice, and due find out about these proceedings, they

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00047 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3796 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 frequently have no opportunity to voice—not a veto, but a real oppor- ment would never infringe on inalien- speak. tunity to stand and speak for justice able rights enjoyed by the people—nei- Today, victims have no right to rea- and the law abiding in our commu- ther at the hands of an overreaching sonable finality. It is not uncommon nities. executive nor an inflamed majority in for cases to last years and years after STATISTICS Congress. Some argued that because the jury verdict, while courts again Patricia Pollard is not an isolated ex- the Federal Government did not pos- and again review the same issue. These ample. As I noted earlier, each year 43 sess the power in the Constitution to lengthy delays cause terrible suffering million Americans are victims of seri- infringe these rights, the express pro- for crime victims, especially the loved ous crime, according to the Depart- tection of them in the Constitution ones of homicide victims. What others ment of Justice. was unnecessary. History soon taught consider as a mere inconvenience can According to DOJ statistics released us the wisdom of including the Bill of be an endless nightmare for the victim. last week, during 1994 there were 10.9 Rights. PATRICIA POLLARD million violent crimes, 6.6 million sim- Who would be comfortable now if the Consider the case of Patricia Pol- ple assaults, 2.5 million aggravated as- right to free speech, or a free press, or lard—a woman from my home State of saults, 1.3 million robberies, and 430,000 to peaceably assemble, or any of our Arizona. In July 1974, on a road just rapes or other types of sexual assault. other rights were subject to the whims outside of Flagstaff, AZ, Patricia Pol- Also, one of every nine persons from 12 of changing legislative or court majori- lard was silenced—first by an attacker, through 15 years old was a violent ties? When the rights to vote were ex- and then by the judicial system. Eric crime victim during 1994. tended to all regardless of race, and to Mageary used the jagged edge of a And just this week the Clinton ad- women, were they simply put into a ripped beer can to inflict deep slash ministration reported that crime costs statute? Who would dare stand before a wounds in her body. He broke her ribs Americans at least $450 billion a year. crowd of people anywhere in our coun- and her jaw. He choked her into uncon- These numbers are staggering and so- try and say that a defendant’s rights to sciousness and left her for dead by the bering. And they demonstrate the enor- a lawyer, a speedy public trial, due side of the road. mous burden that crime forces its vic- process, to be informed of the charges, Patricia survived. Mageary was con- tims to carry. to confront witnesses, to remain silent, victed and sent to prison. Ten years The breakdown of social order and or any of the other constitutional pro- short of serving his minimum sentence, the crisis of crime that accompany it, tections are important, but don’t need he was paroled. No notice was given to have swelled the ranks of criminals, to be in the Constitution? Patricia. If given the opportunity, Pa- and those who suffer at their hands, to Such a position would be rightly sub- tricia would have wanted to tell the proportions that astonish us, that ject to ridicule. Yet that is precisely judge about the crime, about how dan- break our hearts, and that demand col- what critics of the victims’ bill of gerous Mageary was, and how a long lective action. And the process of de- rights would tell crime victims. Vic- prison sentence was needed to protect tecting, prosecuting, and punishing tims of crime will never be treated fairly by a system that permits the de- the community from this vicious criminals continues, in too many fendant’s constitutional rights always criminal. But the law gave Patricia no places in America, to ignore the rights to trump the protections given to vic- right to be heard, and society paid for of victims to fundamental justice. tims. Such a system forever would its silencing of her. Mageary’s parole TWENTY STATES HAVE CONSTITUTIONAL make victims second-class citizens. It AMENDMENTS was soon revoked for serious narcotics is precisely because the Constitution is The need for a constitutional amend- violations, and he was back in prison. hard to change that basic rights for In 1990, the people of Arizona amend- ment was first recognized in 1982 by a victims need to be protected in it. ed their State constitution to add a President’s Task Force on Victims of Our criminal justice system needs victims’ bill of rights, which estab- Crime, which concluded that the crimi- the kind of fundamental reform that lished the right of victims to be in- nal justice system has lost its essential can only be accomplished through formed, present, and heard at every balance. Since then, 20 States have changes in our fundamental law. Today critical stage in their case. adopted victims’ amendments. we have a system of justice that ac- Incredibly, in 1993, in direct violation The average electoral support for commodates the interests of its profes- of Patricia’s new constitutional rights, these amendments was 78 percent. In sionals fairly well, but it all too often the parole board voted to release 1994, six States approved constitutional treats its citizens, its victims, with Mageary—again without hearing from amendments—all by landslides: Ala- hostility, and almost always with in- Patricia. bama, 80 percent; Alaska, 87 percent; difference. Attitudes will not change But this time there was a remedy for Idaho, 79 percent; Maryland, 92 percent; without a constitutional reform that this injustice. An action was filed to Ohio, 77 percent; and Utah, 68 percent. recognizes the rights of victims as a stop the release and force the board to But this patchwork of State con- core value. hold another hearing in which stitutional amendments is inadequate. AMENDING THE CONSTITUTION IS A BIG STEP, Patricia’s rights would be protected. A Federal amendment would establish BUT A NECESSARY ONE The Arizona Court of Appeals acted a basic floor of victims’ rights—a floor Amending the Constitution is, of swiftly and stopped the release. The below which States could not go. course, a big step—one which I do not second time around, after the board VICTIMS NEED RIGHTS IN THE FEDERAL take lightly—but, on this issue, it is a took the time to hear directly about CONSTITUTION necessary one. the horrible nature of the crime, they Some may say, ‘‘I’m all for victims’ As Thomas Jefferson once said: voted for public safety and for Patricia, rights but they don’t need to be in the I am not an advocate for frequent changes and kept Mageary behind bars. Without U.S. Constitution. The Constitution is in laws and constitutions, but laws and insti- constitutional rights for Patricia, the too hard to change. All we need to do is tutions must go hand in hand with the safety of the community would have pass some good statutes to make sure progress of the human mind. As that be- been jeopardized again. that victims are treated fairly.’’ comes more developed, more enlightened, as Constitutional rights restored But statutes have not worked to re- new discoveries are made, new truths discov- ered and manners and opinions change, with Patricia’s voice. Not all Americans store balance and fairness for victims. the change of circumstances, institutions have these rights, and even those that The Federal Government has well-writ- must advance also to keep pace with the exist are not protected by the supreme ten statutes that were intended to es- times. law of the land, the U.S. Constitution. tablish rights for victims in Federal CONLCUSION That is why today, during National proceedings. Yet the promise of those In closing, I would like to thank Sen- Crime Victims’ Rights Week, Senator statutes lies largely unfulfilled. The ator DIANNE FEINSTEIN for her hard FEINSTEIN and I are introducing a vic- whole history of our country teaches us work on this amendment and for her tims’ bill of rights to the U.S. Con- that constitutions are needed to pro- tireless efforts on behalf of crime vic- stitution to extend to victims through- tect the basic rights of the people. The tims. out the country a threshold of basic original Bill of Rights was adopted to Mr. President, for far too long, the fairness. Victims must be given a guarantee that the Federal Govern- criminal justice system has ignored

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00048 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3797 crime victims who deserve to be treat- S. 1166 in May 1996, as ‘‘American Foreign ed with fairness, dignity, and respect. At the request of Mr. LUGAR, the Service Day’’ in recognition of the men Our criminal justice system will never name of the Senator from Minnesota and women who have served or are be truly just as long as criminals have [Mr. GRAMS] was added as a cosponsor presently serving in the American For- rights and victims have none. We need of S. 1166, a bill to amend the Federal eign Service, and to honor those in the a new definition of justice—one that Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide American Foreign Service who have includes the victim. Act, to improve the registration of pes- given their lives in the line of duty. Today, as we begin National Victims’ ticides, to provide minor use crop pro- At the request of Mrs. MURRAY, her Rights Week, in courtrooms across tection, to improve pesticide toler- name was added as a cosponsor of Sen- America, victims will be forced to sit ances to safeguard infants and chil- ate Resolution 217, supra. outside while their attackers are tried. dren, and for other purposes. SENATE RESOLUTION 226 Today and every day, critical pro- S. 1578 At the request of Mr. DOMENICI, the ceedings will be held in criminal cases At the request of Mr. FRIST, the name of the Senator from Wisconsin and victims will not be informed of name of the Senator from Texas [Mrs. [Mr. KOHL] was added as a cosponsor of those proceedings or given the oppor- HUTCHISON] was added as a cosponsor of Senate Resolution 226, a resolution to tunity for their voices to be heard. S. 1578, a bill to amend the Individuals proclaim the week of October 13 Today, and every day, victims will be with Disabilities Education Act to au- through October 19, 1996, as ‘‘National forced to endure endless delays. thorize appropriations for fiscal years Character Counts Week.’’ Mr. President, with this joint resolu- 1997 through 2002, and for other pur- SENATE RESOLUTION 247 tion, we can cure this injustice. Vic- poses. At the request of Mr. SPECTER, the tims groups across America support S. 1579 name of the Senator from New York this effort and are watching to see if At the request of Mr. GLENN, the [Mr. MOYNIHAN] was added as a cospon- Congress has the will to make this Vic- name of the Senator from Iowa [Mr. sor of Senate Resolution 247, a resolu- tims’ Rights Week truly a celebration GRASSLEY] was added as a cosponsor of tion expressing the sense of the Senate for crime victims. S. 1579, a bill to streamline and im- regarding a resolution of the dispute f prove the effectiveness of chapter 75 of between Greece and Turkey over sov- ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS title 31, United States Code (commonly ereignty to the islet in the Aegean Sea referred to as the ‘‘Single Audit Act’’). called Imia by Greece and Kardak by S. 295 Turkey. At the request of Mrs. KASSEBAUM, S. 1608 the names of the Senator from Mon- At the request of Mr. MCCAIN, the f tana [Mr. BURNS] and the Senator from name of the Senator from Maine [Ms. AMENDMENTS SUBMITTED Missouri [Mr. BOND] were added as co- SNOWE] was added as a cosponsor of S. sponsors of S. 295, a bill to permit labor 1608, a bill to extend the applicability management cooperative efforts that of certain regulatory authority under CONGRESSIONAL TERMS LIMIT improve America’s economic competi- the Indian Self-Determination and CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT tiveness to continue to thrive, and for Education Assistance Act, and for other purposes. other purposes. LEAHY AMENDMENT NO. 3700 S. 684 S. 1610 At the request of Mr. HATFIELD, the At the request of Mr. BOND, the name (Ordered to lie on the table.) name of the Senator from Vermont of the Senator from Missouri [Mr. Mr. LEAHY submitted an amend- [Mr. LEAHY] was added as a cosponsor ASHCROFT] was added as a cosponsor of ment intended to be proposed by him of S. 684, a bill to amend the Public S. 1610, a bill to amend the Internal to the joint resolution (S.J. Res. 21) Health Service Act to provide for pro- Revenue Code of 1986 to clarify the proposing a constitutional amendment grams of research regarding Parkin- standards used for determining wheth- to limit congressional terms; as fol- son’s disease, and for other purposes. er individuals are not employees. lows: S. 704 S. 1644 In the committee substitute strike all after the words ‘‘Section 1’’ and insert the At the request of Mr. BROWN, the At the request of Mr. SIMON, the following: name of the Senator from Louisiana name of the Senator from Indiana [Mr. ‘‘No person shall be elected to a full term [Mr. BREAUX] was added as a cosponsor COATS] was added as a cosponsor of S. as a Senator more than twice, or to a full of S. 704, a bill to establish the Gam- 1644, a bill to authorize the extension term as a Representative more than thrice; bling Impact Study Commission. of nondiscriminatory treatment— no person who has been a Senator for more S. 953 (most-favored-nation)—to the products than three years of a term to which some other person was elected shall subsequently At the request of Mrs. MURRAY, her of Romania. be elected as a Senator more than once; and S. 1660 name was added as a cosponsor of S. no person who has been a Representative for 953, a bill to require the Secretary of At the request of Mr. GLENN, the more than a year of a term to which some the Treasury to mint coins in com- name of the Senator from Michigan other person was elected shall subsequently memoration of black revolutionary war [Mr. ABRAHAM] was added as a cospon- be elected as a Representative more than patriots. sor of S. 1660, a bill to provide for bal- twice. ‘‘SECTION 2. This article shall be inoper- S. 1043 last water management to prevent the ative unless it shall have been ratified as an At the request of Mr. STEVENS, the introduction and spread of nonindige- nous species into the waters of the amendment to the Constitution by the legis- name of the Senator from Mississippi latures of three-fourths of the several States [Mr. LOTT] was added as a cosponsor of United States, and for other purposes. within seven years from the date of its sub- S. 1043, a bill to amend the Earthquake SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 42 mission to the States by the Congress.’’ Hazards Reduction Act of 1977 to pro- At the request of Mrs. KASSEBAUM, ’’SECTION 3. A member of the Senate serv- vide for an expanded Federal program the name of the Senator from Indiana ing a term of office on the date of the ratifi- of hazard mitigation, relief, and insur- [Mr. LUGAR] was added as a cosponsor cation of this article, who upon completion ance against the risk of catastrophic of Senate Concurrent Resolution 42, a of that term will have served two or more terms in the Senate, may complete that natural disasters, such as hurricanes, concurrent resolution concerning the term. A member of the House of Representa- earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions, emancipation of the Iranian Baha’i tives serving a term of office on the date of and for other purposes. community. ratification of this article, who upon comple- S. 1072 SENATE RESOLUTION 217 tion of that term will have served six or At the request of Mr. THURMOND, the At the request of Mrs. KASSEBAUM, more terms in the House of Representatives, name of the Senator from Virginia [Mr. the name of the Senator from New may complete that term.’’ WARNER] was added as a cosponsor of S. Hampshire [Mr. GREGG] was added as a 1072, a bill to redefine ‘‘extortion’’ for cosponsor of Senate Resolution 217, a LEAHY AMENDMENT NO 3701 purposes of the Hobbs Act. resolution to designate the first Friday (Ordered to lie on the table.)

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00049 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3798 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 Mr. LEAHY submitted an amend- NOTICES OF HEARINGS been March 30. In 1995, Tax Freedom ment intended to be proposed by him COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS Day was May 7, more than 5 weeks to the motion to recommit proposed by later. Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I would HOMPSON To draw attention to this situation, Mr. T to the joint resolution like to announce that the Senate Com- Lockwood management devised the Senate Joint Resolution 21, supra; as mittee on Indian Affairs has resched- idea of an employee strike on Tax follows: uled the business meeting that was Freedom Day, and declared it a paid In lieu of the proposed instructions, insert originally scheduled for 9 a.m. on Tues- company holiday. Lockwood’s protest the following: with instructions to report the day, April 23, 1996, to 9:30 a.m. on Tues- resolutions back to the Senate forthwith last year drew significant media cov- day, April 23, 1996. with an amendment as follows: That the fol- erage, both local and national. Those wishing additional information lowing article is proposed as an amendment Encouraged by the positive response, should contact the Committee on In- to the Constitution of the United States; Lockwood will again this year pub- dian Affairs at 224–2251. ‘‘ARTICLE — licize Tax Freedom Day giving its em- COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS ‘‘SECTION 1. No person shall be elected to a ployees a paid day off. Among the full term as a Senator more than twice, or to Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I would other Michigan companies that have a full term as a Representative more than like to announce that the Senate Com- been persuaded to join in this year’s thrice; no person who has been a Senator for mittee on Indian Affairs will conduct a protest and do likewise are Sartech more than three years of a term to which joint hearing with the Subcommittee Distribution & Building Supply, Jordan some other person was elected shall subse- on Native American and Insular Affairs quently be elected as a Senator more than Oliver Building Systems, and Schnei- of the House Committee on Natural Re- der & Smith Architects. once; and no person who has been a Rep- sources during the session of the Sen- resentative for more than a year of a term to In announcing Lockwood’s repeat ob- which some other person was elected shall ate on Thursday, April 25, 1996, on S. servance of Tax Freedom Day, Presi- subsequently be elected as a Representative 1264, a bill to provide certain benefits dent Rodney Lockwood said his firm more than twice. of the Missouri River Basin Pick-Sloan has, ‘‘helped start more than 10 new ‘‘SECTION 2. This article shall be inoper- Project to the Crow Creek Sioux Tribe, woman- and minority-owned companies ative unless it shall have been ratified as an and for other purposes. The hearing by awarding them contracts, supplying amendment to the Constitution by the legis- will be held at 9:00 a.m. in room 485 of funding, or training their workers . . . latures of three-fourths of the several States the Russell Senate Office Building. within seven years from the date of its sub- If the tax situation were more favor- Those wishing additional information able, we could help even more compa- mission to the States by the Congress.’’ should contact the Committee on In- ’’SECTION 3. A member of the Senate serv- nies because we’d have more money ing a term of office on the date of the ratifi- dian Affairs at 224–2251. available for that kind of discretionary cation of this article, who upon completion f spending.’’ of that term will have served two or more Undoubtedly, countless other job pro- ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS terms in the Senate, may complete that viders in Michigan and the rest of the term. A member of the House of Representa- country would appreciate tax relief tives serving a term of office on the date of that would allow them to assist fledg- ratification of this article, who upon comple- TAX FREEDOM DAY ling small businesses as well. tion of that term will have served six or ∑ Mr. ABRAHAM. Mr. President, I rise The Lockwood Companies’ unique more terms in the House of Representatives, today to recognize the novel approach may complete that term.’’ manner of protesting high levels of tax- one business in my State has under- ation deserves to be recognized. In- taken to educate the public about the creased awareness of the oppressive tax high Federal tax burden suffered by LEAHY AMENDMENT NO. 3702 burden on American families can only working families in our country. yield positive results. The Lockwood (Ordered to lie on the table.) The Lockwood Companies, based in Companies, and those who will strike Mr. LEAHY submitted an amend- Bingham Farms, are a group of seven alongside with them this year, are pro- ment intended to be proposed by him construction, housing-material pro- viding an invaluable public education, to an amendment to the joint resolu- curement, and development services and I commend their efforts.∑ tion Senate Joint Resolution 21, supra; firms. In the past 50 years, Lockwood f as follows: has built more than $1.25 billion of In the language proposed to be stricken, housing in Michigan, including afford- CHINA: WHERE DO WE GO FROM strike all after the words ‘‘Section 1’’ and in- able and luxury multifamily housing, HERE sert the following: as well as independent living, assisted, ∑ Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, I re- ‘‘No person shall be elected to a full term and skilled care communities. In the cently delivered a speech to the World as a Senator more than twice, or to a full previous 2 years, Lockwood has been Affairs Council of Los Angeles. I took term as a Representative more than thrice; Michigan’s leading apartment builder. the opportunity to lay out some of the no person who has been a Senator for more In early 1995, Lockwood management areas in which I believe the United than three years of a term to which some was discussing the high, unfair tax bur- other person was elected shall subsequently States needs to improve its policy to- be elected as a Senator more than once; and den imposed upon average employees. ward the People’s Republic of China. I no person who has been a Representative for Someone observed a major problem in thought my colleagues would find this more than a year of a term to which some our country is the general lack of pub- speech to be of interest. I ask that the other person was elected shall subsequently lic awareness as to how high our tax full text of the speech be printed in the be elected as a Representative more than rates actually have risen. A suggestion RECORD. twice. was given that some sort of creative ef- The speech follows: ‘‘SECTION 2. This article shall be inoper- fort be made to highlight Tax Freedom CHINA: WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? ative unless it shall have been ratified as an Day. amendment to the Constitution by the legis- (Remarks of U.S. Senator Dianne Feinstein latures of three-fourths of the several States Tax Freedom Day is determined each to World Affairs Council, April 11, 1996) within seven years from the date of its sub- year by the Tax Foundation, a non- It is a great pleasure to be in the City of mission to the States by the Congress.’’ partisan, nonprofit, public policy re- Los Angeles. And it is my honor to be intro- ‘‘SECTION 3. A member of the Senate serv- search group based in Washington, DC. duced by such a distinguished resident of ing a term of office on the date of the ratifi- Tax Freedom Day is estimated to be this great city. cation of this article, who upon completion the day average Americans must work I’m delighted to be at the World Affairs of that term will have served two or more to from January 1 just to pay their Council, I’ve had the privilege of speaking at terms in the Senate, may complete that Federal, State, and local taxes for that the World Affairs Council in San Francisco term. A member of the House of Representa- year. on several occasions, but never in this major tives serving a term of office on the date of capital city, so I’m delighted to be here. ratification of this article, who upon comple- To exemplify just how much taxes I want to share with you today some can- tion of that term will have served six or have risen over the years, I point out did thoughts that I have about what I believe more terms in the House of Representatives, that in 1944, the year Lockwood was to be one of the most important issues for may complete that term.’’ founded, Tax Freedom Day would have peace and stability in the world today: The

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00050 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3799 current crisis in negotiations on Sino-Amer- conceptual framework or long-term strategy policy. Congress then voted overwhelm- ican relations, and to discuss for a moment on the part of the U.S. policy with respect to ingly—myself included—to allow this ‘‘pri- how we can forge a new, and better, era in China—a strategy which sets specific goals vate’’ visit, and the Administration changed this important relationship. for the relationship five and ten years down its policy about the visa. One hundred years from now, I have no the road. The Chinese President, Jiang Zemin, doubt that when historians look back, the Instead, U.S. policy has been reactive and learned of the decision by reading it in the remarkable rise of China as a world power ‘‘event-driven,’’ responding to whatever hap- newspaper, as he told me when I visited him will be considered one of the most important pens to be the current revelation, which gen- in August. You can imagine what the impact international events of the latter half of the erally concerns human rights. This calls into was. twentieth century. question our entire relationship with China President Lee’s visit, although billed as a More than the tragic war in Bosnia, more each time we lurch from crisis to crisis. private visit, turned out to be much more than the unsteady march toward peace in A whole host of events have contributed to than that. Members of the Senate met him, the Middle East, more even than the collapse the current downward spiral in our relations: he spoke at Cornell and spoke about oppor- of the Soviet Union, China’s ascendence as a Tiananmen Square, the sale of F–16’s to Tai- tunity for representation in the United Na- great power—and the content and quality of wan, Congressional opposition to China’s bid tions. Again generating a deep visceral reac- U.S.-Chinese relations—will shape the direc- for the Olympics, U.S. opposition to the con- tion within the Chinese leadership, not only tion of global history in the Pacific Century. struction of Three Gorges Dam project, and within the leadership, and this is what Following what the Chinese view as a Taiwan President Lee Teng-hui’s visit to the Americans must come to understand, but ‘‘century of humiliation’’ at the hands of United States last year. within the Chinese people itself. And this western imperial powers, and fifty years of Each of these events has helped create the gave rise to a new wave of nationalism war-lord rivalries, revolution, and economic current atmosphere. Let me say a few words among its people. The Chinese showed their stagnation, China today is poised at the about why these events were so important. anger by overreaction— engaging in missile brink of a remarkable renaissance. Americans were understandably horrified tests and live ammunition war games in the For close to two decades the Chinese econ- by the globally-televised scenes of Chinese Taiwan Straits just prior to the Taiwanese omy has grown by a staggering 10% a year. tanks advancing on unarmed civilians at elections. China is now the world’s 11th largest ex- Tiananmen Square in 1989. Unfortunately, These provocative and unneccessary ac- porter—that’s where Japan was in 1980—and those images have come to color our percep- tions prompted President Clinton to place moving up fast. By most estimates, by early tion of nearly every aspect of the U.S. rela- two carrier groups in the immediate area, in the next century China will have the tionship with China. For most Americans sending a clear message that the U.S. would world’s largest economy. Tiananmen Square is all they know of the not tolerate military action against Taiwan. In a little more than a decade, U.S. trade China of today. It is clear that none of us fully understood with China has grown from some $1.2 billion In the wake of Tiananmen, the U.S. made the depth to which Taiwan presents a deep to over $50 billion per year. China has a number of policy decisions that further an- and fundamental sovereign imperative to emerged as a major presence on the world tagonized China. In 1992, for example, Presi- China. We must understand this if we are to stage. dent Bush, who understands China better deal directly with China. It is a shame that we do not have the ben- than most Americans, made what, I believe, These events, occurring against a back- efit of the hindsight that our children and was an unfortunate decision to sell 150 F–16 ground of little dialogue between our two na- grandchildren will have, because I believe aircraft to Taiwan. tions and constant criticisms in the Amer- that most Americans—including many pol- The sale, announced during an election ican press, added to the strain and distance. icymakers—do not understand the mag- campaign, was made without strong evidence The Chinese, for their part, have contrib- nitude or breadth of the changes currently that Taiwan faced a significantly enhanced uted to the downward spiral in our relations underway in China and what they mean for threat from China that made these advanced by failing to carry out commitments made. the future peace and stability of Asia and, military planes necessary. For China, the For example, China’s failure to carry out yes, the world. sale was a violation of the ‘‘One China’’ pol- last year’s Intellectual Property Rights U.S. POLICY MISSTEPS icy which has been the bedrock of Sino- agreement signed last May has cost Amer- This fundamental lack of understanding is American relations since 1972. ican copyright-holders over $2 billion in 1995, unfortunate—and could turn out to be trag- China put forth an extensive effort to host and less than full compliance with nuclear ic—because how we manage our relationship the Summer Olympic games in 2000: they Non-Proliferation and violations of missile with China will have a greater effect on sta- built a large stadium, apartments and sev- reduction treaties are areas which have bility in Asia and peace in the world than eral other facilities, and made a strong pitch drawn considerable and legitimate U.S. con- nearly anything else we do. to the International Olympic Committee. cern. In recent months U.S.-China relations have This was going to be China’s introduction to THE COSTS OF U.S. MISSTEPS reached perhaps their lowest level since the world—a moment of great national pride. The consequence of this confused and reac- President Nixon’s historic trip to China in But, the U.S. reaction was distinctly nega- tive relationship is that —precisely at the 1972. Our relationship is plagued by tensions tive. The House of Representatives passed a time when we should be doing everything we in nearly every area in which we interact: a resolution urging the IOC not to give the can to strengthen and encourage reform in large trade imbalance; China’s failure to games to Beijing and a majority of U.S. Sen- China by increasing relations with the curb pirating of U.S. intellectual property; ators sent a letter urging denial to the IOC. West—some in China believe that the U.S. is China’s transfers of sensitive weapons, nu- The IOC decided, by one vote, to give the intentionally encouraging China’s increasing clear materials and technology to Pakistan, games to Sydney, Australia, and, again, hardline attitudes with the purpose of push- Iran, and others; clashing visions of human China felt the sting of humiliation. ing China toward an adversarial posture rights; most importantly, U.S. concerns Another American effort to thwart Chinese reminiscent of Cold War years with the So- about Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Tibet, these development, from China’s perspective, has viet Union. are perceived as deep threats to Chinese sov- been our reaction to the Three Gorges Dam As you know, a long, drawn-out leadership ereignty. project. This massive undertaking, designed struggle has been going on in China for the This situation is made even more com- to generate power for the enormous Chinese past several years as the elderly Deng plicated by domestic politics in both coun- market, is considered a critical step in Chi- Xiaoping has disappeared from public life. tries. na’s economic development program. Although a new leadership is in place, com- In the U.S., the relationship between China Anyone that has been to Beijing has seen petitive forces within that leadership appear and the U.S. has been buffeted by the vicissi- the choking clouds of high sulfur coal dust to be growing stronger. Hardline actions are tudes of a Presidential election year and pro- and lacking sufficient power for the basic ne- more prevalent. vocative Congressional actions. For example, cessities of life for millions of its people, the For example, the recent Department of State Authoriza- Three Gorges Dam represents an important China’s provocative war games in the Tai- tion Conference Bill contains ill-advised pol- national priority for the Chinese. But the wan Straits leading up to the Taiwanese icy mandates, including an invitation for a United States has criticized the project, on election. 1996 visit by Lee Teng-hui to the U.S. ‘‘with environmental grounds and last year the Ad- China’s continued provision of sensitive all appropriate courtesies,’’ and an elevation ministration indicated it would oppose mul- nuclear and missile technology to Pakistan. of the Taiwan office in Washington. tilateral and U.S. financing of Three Gorges. The increasingly strong rhetoric toward In China, the lingering of Deng Xiaoping The current crisis in U.S.-China relations Hong Kong, such as announcing that the has prevented, in a sense, the cementing of came to a head last year with the U.S. deci- elected Legislative Council will be dissolved new leadership, resulting in jockeying and sion to allow Taiwanese President Lee Teng- and that Hong Kong civil servants will be re- in-fighting among China’s political hier- hui to visit the United States last summer to quired to take an oath of loyalty to Beijing. archy. It is difficult for any Chinese leader receive an honorary degree at Cornell Uni- And just last week, when Chinese police to take bold action to improve relations with versity. tried to stop fundraising for Chinese orphan- the United States for fear of being accused of The Administration had told the Chinese— ages at a dinner attended by U.S. Ambas- weakness. as late as May of last year—that allowing sador James Sasser and prevented Chinese- Fundamental to the worsening of relations the visit would be inconsistent with the American author Amy Tan from delivering a between our two countries is the lack of any United States’ longstanding ‘‘One China’’ speech.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00051 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3800 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 Additionally, U.S. policy has not enabled Four areas in which our shared interests into major conflicts. Although it will take those within the Chinese leadership who outweigh our differences include: Taiwan, time, we need to continue to work with favor greater cooperation with the West to trade, security and nuclear non-prolifera- China to help them develop the commercial advance their program. In my conversations tion, and improving the quality of life for legal structure and fair trade policies that with President Jiang Zemin and Executive people. are necessary for their membership in that Vice Premier Zhu Rongji, I have become con- Taiwan: The role of the United States in organization. vinced of their genuine desire to reach out to constructing a relationship between China Security: It is vital that China be engaged the United States and build a much more co- and Taiwan must, by necessity, be sup- in a new security partnership, one that is co- operative relationship. In fact, Deng portive. We should not attempt to impose a operative rather than confrontational. With Xiaoping himself, empowered Jiang Zemin to solution on either party. The United States more than a fifth of the world’s population, be in charge of American relations and this can, however, provide the underlying sta- a permanent seat on the United Nations Se- was ratified by the 14th People’s Congress. bility for Chinese-Taiwanese cooperation by curity Council, and an arsenal of nuclear But to do that, they need our help. They continually and publicly reaffirming our weapons and intercontinental ballistic mis- need to be able to engage in a genuine dia- commitment to a ‘‘One China’’ policy. siles, isolating China is a very dangerous logue with U.S. leaders, at the very highest We must also continue to encourage China course. levels. Our President and the President of to refrain from aggressive military actions Such a partnership suggests that China be China need to be able to sit and talk face-to- and rhetoric. The key to a solution remains encouraged to become an active and respon- face, and to pick up the phone and call one peaceful reunification. How and when that sible party to international organizations, another on a regular basis. But they do not takes place is up to the two parties involved. treaties, and regimes. As such, China should yet have that kind of relationship. Our interest must be to see that peace is be granted an equal say in setting the ‘‘rules When the Administration decided not to maintained, to encourage the two sides to of the game.’’ The corollary of this, of invite President Jiang Zemin to Washington talk, to be an honest broker. course, is that China must agree to abide by for a state visit, I believe we lost a valuable Both Taiwan and China should be encour- those rules. opportunity to give ‘‘face’’ and support to a aged to restart the Cross-Strait Initiative One area that immediately suggests itself moderate, pro-Western leader, thereby ena- that was conducted by China’s Association as a testing ground for this type of partner- bling the Chinese to see greater value in in- for Relations across the Taiwan Strait and ship is the threat of nuclear proliferation in creased ties and pro-Western views. Taiwan’s Strait Exchange Foundation. This South Asia. China was helpful in preventing MOST-FAVORED NATION STATUS dialogue showed much promise until it was nuclear proliferation in North Korea, a situ- derailed last summer. Even at the nadir of ation that still remains problematic. In approximately two months, Congress relations earlier this year, Chinese Prime It is also clearly in the interests of both will consider whether to grant the Presi- Minister Li Peng renewed President Jiang China and the United States to ensure that dent’s request to renew China’s Most-Fa- Zemin’s offer from last year for a Taiwan- tensions are de-escalated in the highly un- vored Nation trading status. I believe this China summit. And the Chinese offer to stable India-Pakistan relationship. Both issue will spark a definitive debate in the begin direct air, sea, and postal service with India and Pakistan have the ability to Congress on the future of the United States’ Taiwan can only be beneficial. launch 10 to 20 kiloton nuclear devices, that China policy. Trade: Trade issues have all too often be- is twice the size of Hiroshima, in a matter of The political implications of revoking come flashpoints in U.S.-China relations, weeks. Both countries are on China’s South- MFN for China are great, and dangerous. Re- with blame to be shared by both sides. ern border, and both suffer from major inter- voking MFN would be seen, I believe, as a This past January, while I was in Beijing, nal instability. Acting alongside other local complete break in U.S.-Chinese cooperation. Executive Vice Premier Zhu Rongji, who is For a country such as China, where face and regional powers, the United States and in charge of Central Economic Planning, and respect are such central issues, revoking China must work together to de-escalate told us that, effective this month, China will MFN—a trading status the U.S. grants to all growing tensions between these two coun- lower tariffs by 34% across the board and but a handful of rogue nations—would be tries. bring its tariff rate schedule in line with the Quality of Life: Finally, despite the bad seen as tantamount to the United States average of developing countries within two press that China has received in this country telling China that we no longer accept them years. of late regarding human rights, I believe as a member of the family of nations. More Our Trade Representative, Mickey Kantor, that here too there is opportunity for importantly, thousands of businesses and told me that he is now reviewing this pro- progress. However, to believe that China will millions of jobs in this country and in China posed schedule. The U.S. should work with change its ways merely to please America is who are now dependent on MFN status would China to increase U.S. exports to China, now naive. The real key to change is convincing be lost. To deny it would be shooting our- growing at a rate of 17% per year. China China that it is in China’s interests to selves in the foot. Also, our ability to work states it wants to increase U.S. exports, and change. with the Chinese on other trade issues, on this would lower our trade deficit with We have tried lecturing China on indi- Asian security, on non-proliferation, on Tai- China. The U.S. should also review provi- vidual human rights cases, and have found wan, and on human rights would be severely sions of our laws which restrict high value that method to be unsuccessful. A more pro- diminished, if not incapacitated. exports. ductive approach would be to work with WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? At the same time, the United States China to develop an independent judicial sys- Many of you may be wondering if there is should continue to insist that China live up tem that can guarantee due process and the anything we can do to repair a relationship to fair trade policies, in particular, its agree- rule of law—an area in which China has that many feel has already been irreparably ments to protect U.S. intellectual property asked for our help. harmed. As a Chinese proverb goes, ‘‘Laugh- rights. For example China must prevent the By engaging China in a larger dialogue ter cannot bring back what anger has driven illegal production of pirated CDS, CD-ROMs, about good governance, through exchange away.’’ But there is another Chinese proverb and Lds. programs, assistance in the drafting of that is perhaps more relevant—‘‘By hard The best way to accomplish this goal is the criminal and commercial codes, and in estab- work one can succeed in moving two moun- development of joint ventures between U.S. lishing an independent judiciary with due tains to open a road.’’ copyright holders and Chinese manufactur- process of law, we will do much more to ad- First, we must elevate the importance of ers, which could transform factories from il- vance the cause of human rights in China in the relationship with China. President Clin- legal to legal operations with little job cost. the long run than through constant ton, Secretary Christopher and high officials In January, I presented to both the Presi- castigation. must become much more directly involved. dent, the Executive Vice Premier and to the Even without our help, China is moving in With China, in many cases, the messenger is Trade Minister, a letter from the Recording this direction. Last month, the National as important as the message. Industries of America containing a proposal People’s Congress enacted legislation that Most Americans know little of China and that six major American copyright holders provides individuals greater protection from less about the importance of this relation- are prepared to enter into such joint agree- arbitrary punishment by police and govern- ship. The President must speak to Ameri- ments. ment agencies, which sets stricter standards cans directly of the importance of this rela- As I left China and was in Hong Kong, I on government agencies for imposing fines tionship and make the case for an improved noted that a Chinese representative said, and fees, and which requires the ruling State relationship to the American people. He has ‘‘but we already have these joint ventures.’’ Council to secure the approval of the Peo- not done so thus far. It must be done. And that is exactly the key, the joint ven- ple’s Congress before declaring martial law. Secondly, Secretary Christopher who has tures are not with the copyright holders, and Evidence of the past twenty years suggests visited China only once, must devote to this in order to carry out the intent of the law that China is changing. You must remember relationship the same time and energy as he the venture must be with the U.S. copyright back to the 1960’s, when 10–15 million people has so effectively applied in the Middle East. holder. were harmed or lost their lives. When I first Third, we must realize that despite recent As the world’s 11th largest exporter and went to China in 1979, it was impossible to tensions, China and the United States have moving up fast, China’s entry into the World have an open political discussion. People many more common interests than is gen- Trade Organization is strongly in the United were simply too afraid. erally realized, and we must build on those States’ interests and holds the best promise Last month, international journalists common interests. for preventing trade disputes from escalating openly interviewed ordinary Chinese citizens

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00052 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S3801 on the street about their views of the Tai- ing popular elections for all parliamen- fears a Chinese model of democracy—and wanese elections. Some supported the gov- tary seats—that have taken place in a skepticism emanating from some capitals to ernment’s response, others did not. This peaceful and prosperous environment. the effect that democracy is a Western sys- change should not be underestimated. It is This is an accomplishment for which tem unsuited to Asian cultures. the unavoidable result of improving condi- But it is precisely on this point, having to tions and interaction with the West. all the free world should be proud. do with the roots of Chinese democracy in One has but to look back at the Cultural President Lee deserves not only our Confucian culture, that President Lee has Revolution of 35 years ago to see the con- well-wishes, but also our continued spoken with unusual power and eloquence. trast and improvement in freedoms, in the support as he now moves forward to At the conference on third wave democracy increasing standard of living, wages and sav- map out Taiwan’s destiny. As Taiwan sponsored last August by the Endowment ings, and better education of the people, to continues to emerge as a force for de- and the Institute for National Policy Re- know that things are changing and improv- mocracy, freedom, and stability in search, President Lee expressed his con- ing. As Minister of Trade Wu Yi said to me, Asia, I believe the United States should fidence that ‘‘by injecting into our modern ‘‘It isn’t easy to go from a China which has democratic order the political precepts long been ruled by man for 5000 years to a China encourage their efforts to be rep- inherent in Chinese culture—of exalting the ruled by law.’’ And that is what is hap- resented in international organizations people’s will and claiming that the govern- pening. such as the World Trade Organization. ment and the people form a unity—we can With the Taiwan elections behind us, we The United States should also do what infuse democracy with a new vitality.’’ now have the opportunity to move past some it can to encourage dialog between Tai- Lee Teng-hui is thus a unique figure in of the events that soured Sino-American re- wan and Beijing, and to contribute to Chinese history, an individual with the wis- lations earlier this year. peace and stability in the region. dom to understand the need to integrate the To do this, President Clinton must im- I join my many friends in Taiwan in two competing camps of contemporary Chi- merse himself fully in the details of this nese political thought: the Confucianists and most delicate and critical of American rela- celebrating President Lee’s triumph as the advocates of Westernization. In so doing, tions. In the final analysis, the goal of Amer- Taiwan marks a milestone in civiliza- he has embodied the Confucian ideal of ren. ican policy must be to encourage China to- tion’s march down the road of self-de- described in the entry on Confucianism in ward a full and active relationship with the termination leading to liberty, human The Encyclopedia of Democracy as ‘‘culti- West and to work together toward a China dignity, and personal and societal ful- vating benevolence, developing one’s fac- that is able to take its role as a stable leader fillment. ulties, sublimating one’s personality, and up- of peace and security in Asia, and an Amer- I ask that a statement from the Na- holding the right to education, the right to ∑ ica that can be her ally. tional Endowment for Democracy be subsistence, and the right to social and polit- ical mobility without distinction according f printed in the RECORD. to class.’’ Ren, according to the Encyclo- NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DE- The statement follows: pedia, represents ‘‘a new democratic ideal of MOCRACY TRIBUTE TO PRESI- TRIBUTE TO PRESIDENT LEE TENG-HUI society,’’ DENT LEE TENG-HUI, PRESIDENT (By the National Endowment for Democracy, It is this ideal which President Lee Teng- OF THE REPUBLIC OF CHINA April 16, 1996) hui has sought for his country and for the Chinese people. The National Endowment for ∑ The election of Lee Teng-hui on March 23, Mr. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, I 1996, as the first popularly elected President Democracy is therefore proud to honor Presi- rise today to call my colleagues’ atten- of the Republic of China was the culmination dent Lee by presenting him with an em- tion to a recent event hosted by the of a 10-year process of transition which The bossed four-volume set of The Encyclopedia National Endowment for Democracy Encyclopedia of Democracy has called ‘‘a po- of Democracy, which recognizes his extraor- honoring the first popularly elected litical miracle in twentieth-century Chinese dinary contribution and confirms his philo- politics, making Taiwan the first Chinese de- sophical vision. We do so in the belief that President of the Republic of China, Lee his message of democracy and reconciliation, Teng-hui. I was honored to serve as a mocracy.’’ President Lee was the central fig- ure and driving force behind this remarkable rooted in Chinese history and culture, have cosponsor of this event with Senator ∑ political transformation. an enduring relevance for China’s future. LIEBERMAN. From the moment he assumed the presi- f It is entirely appropriate that this dency on January 13, 1988, becoming the first CITIZENSHIP U.S.A. DAY IN reception was organized by the Na- native-born Taiwanese to hold this office, he tional Endowment for Democracy devoted himself entirely to the historic task CHICAGO [NED]. The recent direct, free and fair of democratic transformation launched by ∑ Mr. SIMON. Mr. President, our Na- multiparty election for President in his predecessor Chiang Ching-kuo. The proc- tion’s immigrant heritage is exempli- Taiwan is a model example of the ac- ess was at once swift and methodical, with fied best in the city of Chicago. Gen- tivities supported by NED. I want to each bold step coming in the proper se- erations of immigrants, from Europe, quence, laying the foundation for each subse- use this occasion to congratulate the quent advance. Latin America, and more recently Asia NED for its continued involvement in Acting in the Confucian tradition of gov- and Africa have chosen to come to Chi- encouraging free and democratic insti- ernance through consensus, he initiated the cago and have contributed immensely tutions throughout the world through process with a conference on national affairs to the vitality and fabric that makes it private sector initiatives. A copy of the that achieved a political reconciliation be- such a great city. National Endowment for Democracy’s tween his own Nationalist Part and the op- Recently, the city of Chicago spon- tribute to President Lee is included at position Democratic Progressive Party. sored a naturalization ceremony for the end of my statement. There followed an agreement to establish a 1,200 new citizens at historic Navy Pier memorial and pay compensation to the vic- Americans everywhere should con- tims of the uprising of February 1947; the with the Immigration and Naturaliza- gratulate the people of Taiwan in cast- elaboration of an approach to the issue of tion Service Chicago District Office. ing ballots to complete their transition unification which became the basis for a To help immigrants fully integrate to a democracy during trying times— new, pragmatic policy toward the People’s into our city and our society, Mayor the first such transition in Chinese his- Republic; the election of a new National As- Richard M. Daley established a citizen- tory. It is a tribute to the people’s spir- sembly representing only the voters of Tai- ship assistance council to help thou- it and determination that bullets did wan that amended the constitution, pre- sands of immigrants complete the not deter people from casting their bal- paring the way for the popular election of often complicated naturalization proc- the president and vice-president by 1996; the lots. And President Lee, who received voluntary retirement from the government ess. The council has attracted leaders 54 percent of the vote, can proudly take of the party elders from the generation of from various ethnic communities and credit for having led Taiwan to this im- Chiang Ching-kuo; and the first election for corporate leaders from Fannie Mae, portant juncture. He has set an exam- provincial governor and for mayors of United Airlines, and First Chicago. ple in leading his countrymen in decid- Kaohsiung and Taipei, the race in Tapei Through the citizenship council, Mayor ing that the leadership of Taiwan will being won by a member of the DPP who was Daley has committed to sponsor sev- forever more be settled at the ballot a former political dissident. eral large scale citizenship ceremonies box. This stunning process of change, leading with INS in the coming months. ultimately to President Lee’s election and His victory on March 23 culminated a the establishment of the first Chinese de- The naturalization program in the series of reforms—including lifting mocracy, was all the more significant be- city of Chicago is truly a joint effort martial law, deregulating the media, cause it took place against a background of between the Federal and local govern- legalizing opposition parties, and hold- mounting threats from the mainland—which ment. I applaud Mayor Daley’s effort

VerDate Aug 31 2005 06:06 Jun 20, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00053 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA16\1996_F~1\S22AP6.REC S22AP6 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S3802 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE April 22, 1996 and ask that his speech welcoming the OFFICE OF THE MAYOR, (At the request of Mr. DASCHLE, the new U.S. citizens on March 18, 1996, and CITY OF CHICAGO, following statement was ordered to be his proclamation declaring the day to Chicago, IL, March 14, 1996. printed in the RECORD.) be Citizenship U.S.A. Day in Chicago PROCLAMATION f be printed in the RECORD. Whereas, thousands of people have left HUMAN RIGHTS IN CHINA The material follows: their homes in other lands to come and live in America; and ∑ Mr. KERRY. Mr. President, the U.N. MAYOR RICHARD M. DALEY’S REMARKS, CHI- Whereas, these immigrants have contrib- Human Rights Commission is pre- CAGO CITIZENSHIP ASSISTANCE COUNCIL— uted their dreams, labor, and talents to mak- NATURALIZATION CEREMONY, MARCH 18, 1996 paring to consider a resolution that ex- ing America a great country filled with op- presses the concern of the inter- I want to begin by congratulating everyone portunity and freedom; and national community over human rights here on becoming United States citizens. Whereas, these same people wish to show As Mayor, I attend many events—but their commitment to their new country by abuses in the People’s Republic of swearing-in ceremonies are always very spe- pledging allegiance as new citizens; and China. As has been well-documented cial. Whereas, today, we acknowledge the dedi- over the last year by the State Depart- Two years ago, I formed Chicago’s Citizen- cation of Commissioner Doris Meissner and ment, U.N. officials, and numerous ship Assistance Council to coordinate the ef- the Immigration and Naturalization Service human rights organizations, the Gov- forts of community groups that help immi- in assisting immigrants through the natu- ernment of China has been responsible grants become citizens. Today’s ceremony is ralization process; and for an alarming number of human made possible thanks to a strong partnership Whereas, Commissioner Meissner has made rights violations. In particular, there among the Citizenship Assistance Council, citizenship a priority, and has charged the have been reports of arbitrary arrests the federal government, and the private sec- Immigration Service to make major im- tor. provements in the processing of applications, and detention, torture, persecution of Together, we are working to help the INS working side by side with local governments religious and ethnic minorities—par- relieve the backlog of over 50,000 citizenship and community organizations: ticularly in Tibet, and censorship of ex- applications in the Chicago area. People Now, Therefore, I, Richard M. Daley, pression. The evidence clearly dem- have been waiting for as long as 17 months to Mayor of the City of Chicago, do hereby pro- onstrates a deterioration in the human be sworn in as citizens. claim March 18, 1996, to be Citizenship U.S.A. rights situation in China. Throughout the year, we will work with Day in Chicago, and extend the City of Chi- Despite this overwhelming evidence, the INS to increase the number of swearing- cago’s appreciation to Commissioner Meiss- apparently some of the members of the in ceremonies to help speed up the process. ner for helping to make thousands of immi- Human Rights Commission are reluc- We will conduct several large-scale citizen- grants’ dreams come true. tant to support a resolution that criti- ship ceremonies in the summer and fall. RICHARD M. DALEY, Mayor.∑ cizes China. Unfortunately, this seems Our corporate leaders on the Council in- to be a response to intensive diplo- clude Fannie Mae, United Airlines, and First f Chicago. matic pressure from Beijing. In fact, They will provide assistance in finding the CONGRATULATING THE UNIVER- the Chinese diplomatic pressure began necessary facilities and help to cover associ- SITY OF MICHIGAN ICE HOCKEY even before a resolution was introduced ated costs. TEAM ON WINNING THE 1995–96 at the U.N. Commission. This is a wonderful example of how local MEN’S DIVISION I CHAMPION- At the end of March, I learned from and federal government can work with the SHIP the State Department that some mem- private sector to get the job done. ∑ bers of the European Union [EU] were Immigrants built Chicago and our country. Mr. ABRAHAM. Mr. President, I rise today to congratulate the University of reconsidering their commitment to in- And the business community understands troduce a resolution on China at the this better than anyone. Michigan ice hockey team on winning the 1995–96 NCAA Men’s Division I Commission meeting this spring. I America has always been strong because strongly believe that multilateral ef- we have been a beacon for people who want Championship. With their 3-to-2 vic- forts, in institutions such as the to work hard, make something of their lives, tory over Colorado College on March Human Rights Commission, are poten- and become Americans. We lose part of our 30, the Wolverines captured the tially the most effective tool for pres- national character when we shut ourselves school’s eighth NCAA National Cham- off to different cultures. suring China to improve its human pionship, and first since the 1963–64 sea- Some politicians are trying to use immi- rights record. Therefore, I authored a son. grants as scapegoats. They have gone beyond letter, signed by 10 of my colleagues The win was especially significant for blaming illegal immigrants for our prob- from the Foreign Relations Com- head coach Gordon ‘‘Red’’ Berenson. lems—now they are even calling for more re- mittee, urging the Europeans to main- strictions on legal immigration. After 12 seasons in Ann Arbor, tain their commitment to introduce a Legislation now pending before Congress Berenson, already the winningest resolution on China at the Human would keep U.S. citizens from bringing their coach in school history, celebrated his parents or children to this country. Rights Commission. I am pleased that 300th career victory with the national the EU members ultimately decided to This is wrong and unfair because it tears championship. In the past 6 seasons, families apart and it sends the wrong mes- introduce this resolution, and I hope the Wolverines have won at least 30 sage. that our letter encouraged this deci- Proposed restrictions on employment-re- games each year, the only team in col- sion. lated immigration will also damage our lege hockey to do so. The European initiative, however, country. The Wolverine’s accomplishments will be in vain if the Commission does A flexible legal immigration system is es- this season are certainly deserving of not act upon the resolution. This is an sential to our economic growth and well- recognition. In addition to compiling important and opportune moment for being. an impressive 34 wins, tying a team the members of the Commission to join Until last week, these restrictions were record, the Wolverines were also the together in a multilateral effort to per- found in one piece of legislation that dealt CCHA Playoff Champions, CCHA reg- with all aspects of immigration. suade China to improve its human ular season cochampions, and Great I want to thank Senator Paul Simon for rights record. I urge all member states helping to restructure that legislation into Lakes Invitational champions. In the to support the resolution. Even more two bills—so that they address legal and ille- postseason, U-M’s play was brilliant as importantly, we must reaffirm the pre- gal immigration separately. well, managing three one-goal victories rogative of the Commission to consider And, I want to encourage the members of and one shutout in three different any country’s human rights record and the House to do the same thing when the buildings in three different weekends to hold a vote on any resolution that is issue comes up for debate. on their road to the championship. offered. That prerogative is being chal- Immigrants help build this country—and The 1995–96 University of Michigan lenged by China, which is attempting they are still making us strong. We can’t men’s hockey team has represented turn our backs on them now. to prevent the Commission from even their school and themselves with dis- I urge Congress to keep this in mind as considering the European resolution. they debate restrictions on immigration. tinction. Our State has every reason to On December 10, 1948, the U.N. Gen- Now, I’d like to read a proclamation desig- be proud of these student-athletes, and eral Assembly adopted the Universal nating March 18th as ‘‘Citizenship U.S.A. we salute their dedication and excel- Declaration of Human Rights. For the Day’’ in Chicago. lence.∑ first time in history, the countries of

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It is hoped that an Motivated by a conviction to prevent tion, which I fervently hope they do, agreement can be reached Tuesday future atrocities, such as those com- all members should reject China’s ef- morning enabling the cloture vote on mitted during World War II, this dec- fort to prevent the Commission from the term limits legislation to occur at laration defined the human rights basic carrying out its mission of calling at- 3:45 or 4 o’clock tomorrow afternoon. to every human being and pledged an tention to and censuring human rights This would allow for the final passage international effort to protect these violations wherever they occur around vote on the health insurance reform rights. Since the adoption of that dec- the world. bill to occur at 2:15 on Tuesday, imme- laration, many other international Mr. President, I urge all member diately following the recess for the conventions have been signed and rati- states of the Human Rights Commis- party conferences. The Senate may fied by the international community. sion to vote against China’s motion to also turn to other legislative items These conventions address a variety of prevent a vote and to support the reso- that can be cleared. internationally recognized human lution criticizing China’s human rights So if we can work out this vote on rights, including political and civil record. It is only if the international term limits, that would probably be an- rights, the right to be free from torture community continues to work together other 11⁄2 hours for debate equally di- or religious or ethnic persecution, the multilaterally that we will be able to vided. rights of refugees, and the rights of the compel all countries—particularly child. China—to uphold internationally rec- f Why has the international commu- ognized human rights standards.∑ ADJOURNMENT UNTIL 10 A.M. nity taken these steps to codify inter- f TOMORROW national human rights law? Because all societies around the world have recog- ORDERS FOR TUESDAY, APRIL 23, Mr. DOLE. If there is no further busi- nized these principles as standards that 1996 ness to come before the Senate, I now should govern every state’s behavior Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I ask unan- ask that the Senate stand in adjourn- toward its own and other citizens. imous consent that when the Senate ment under the previous order. When a country violates the human completes its business today, it stand There being no objection, the Senate, rights of its citizens, it should be cen- in adjournment until the hour of 10 at 6:46 p.m., adjourned until Tuesday, sured by the entire international com- a.m., Tuesday, April 23; further, that April 23, 1996, at 10 a.m. munity. We cannot allow any coun- immediately following the prayer, the f try—no matter how powerful or Journal of the proceedings be deemed wealthy—to ignore the international approved to date, no resolutions come NOMINATIONS legal norms of human rights. The over under the rule, the call of the cal- Executive nominations received by United States has always supported the endar be dispensed with, the morning the Senate April 22, 1996: right of the international community hour be deemed to have expired, and CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY to raise concerns over human rights the Senate immediately resume consid- SERVICE violations in any country. In fact, last eration of Senate Joint Resolution 21, VICTOR H. ASHE, OF TENNESSEE, TO BE A MEMBER OF year the Government of Cuba intro- the term limits legislation, with de- THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE CORPORATION FOR duced a resolution in the U.N. Commis- bate between 10 a.m. and 12 p.m. equal- NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE FOR A TERM EX- PIRING OCTOBER 6, 2000, VICE ANDREA N. BROWN, TERM sion on Human Rights condemning the ly divided in the usual form; I further EXPIRED. United States for human rights viola- ask that the Senate stand in recess JAMES MADISON MEMORIAL FELLOWSHIP tions. While this resolution was obvi- from the hours of 12:30 to 2:15 for the FOUNDATION ously ridiculous, the United States did weekly policy conferences to meet. ALAN G. LOWRY, OF CALIFORNIA, TO BE A MEMBER OF not block a vote and the members of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE JAMES MADISON ME- MORIAL FELLOWSHIP FOUNDATION FOR A TERM EXPIR- the Commission voted against Cuba’s objection, it is so ordered. ING MAY 29, 2001, VICE ROBERT W. NAYLOR, TERM EX- proposal. The important message here f PIRED. is that the United States recognizes IN THE AIR FORCE PROGRAM the right of the international commu- THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT nity to review every country’s human Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, for the in- IN THE RESERVE OF THE AIR FORCE, TO THE GRADE IN- DICATED, UNDER TITLE 10, UNITED STATE CODE, SEC- rights record. formation of all Senators, the Senate TIONS 12203 AND 8373: It is therefore all the more out- will resume the term limits legislation TO BE MAJOR GENERAL rageous that China seeks to prevent at 10 a.m. At 12 noon on Tuesday, under BRIG. GEN. WALLACE W. WHALEY, 000–00–0000, AIR international consideration of its own a previous order, there will be 30 min- FORCE RESERVE.

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TRIBUTE TO JAMES I. would have been Pat's 91st birthday. In mem- He also had an enormous capacity to enjoy GRACYALNY, A DEDICATED ory of his long and rich life, I invite you to take people, whatever their politics. He started CIVIL SERVANT a moment to read David Broder's words, life as a Republican and once gained both Democratic and Republican nominations for which are reprinted below. attorney general under California’s now-de- HON. JERRY LEWIS CALIFORNIA IS HIS MONUMENT funct cross-filing system. OF CALIFORNIA (By David Broder) Martin Smith, the retired political col- If California were a nation, and not just a umnist of the Sacramento Bee, recalled IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nation-state, the visage of Edmund G. (Pat) Brown saying of Ronald Reagan, who thwart- Monday, April 22, 1996 Brown Sr. would be carved into the Sierra ed his bid for a third term in 1966, ‘‘What an equivalent of Mount Rushmore. Brown, who extraordinary human being. . . . Of course, I Mr. LEWIS of California. Mr. Speaker, I rise died last week at 90, shaped his megastate as disagree with him 90 percent of the time.’’ to pay tribute to James I. Gracyalny, the Asso- surely as the greatest of the presidents have Lyn Nofziger, Reagan’s former press sec- ciate Deputy Assistant Secretary for Budget at shaped this country. Reporters who covered retary, who was here helping Sen. Bob Dole, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Jim him during his eight years as governor, from told me that just a few years ago, when he is retiring after 35 years of Federal service. 1958 through 1966, and visited with him over was crossing a street in Washington, ‘‘a big Jim has appeared many times before the the last 30 years mourn him as one of the car rolled up, and Pat Brown rolled down the Appropriations Subcommittee on VA, HUD, true blithe spirits of 20th century politics. window, and asked, ‘How the hell are you, Lyn?’ He tied up traffic for 10 minutes just and Independent Agencies in defense of VA's He was the most amiable of companions, a grand storyteller who liked nothing better wanting to talk.’’ budget requests. Over the years he has been than to tell or hear jokes at his own expense. Jack Burby, who handled the press for of great assistance to the subcommittee in its For years after it happened, you could get Brown, recalled a different kind of encounter day-to-day dealings with the Department. We ‘‘the Guv’’ laughing so hard that his eyes in 1963, a year after Brown beat Nixon to win have always valued his counsel. teared by describing to him the spectacle he his second term. The governor and Burby Jim is, I believe, a truly dedicated civil serv- made when he missed John Kennedy’s cam- and their wives were having dinner at a res- taurant in Paris. ‘‘The Nixons and a small ant. His high standards represent what is best paign train during a whistle-stop tour of California’s Central Valley in September entourage walked in. Pat, being Pat, wanted about the civil service. 1960. Brown had introduced the candidate to jump up and lick his face. I suggested that Mr. Gracyalny began his Federal service at from the back platform in one of the Valley he send him a note and invite him to join us the VA in 1964. During his 32 years of service towns, then climbed down and began for coffee and dessert. The waiter took the with the VA he has held a variety of positions. schmoozing with people in the crowd. note over—and a few minutes later, the Since 1990, he has been Associate Deputy Engrossed in conversation, Brown missed Nixon party walked past us without a word, Assistant Secretary for Budget. Throughout his Kennedy’s cue lines for departure—a and left the restaurant.’’ ‘‘It used to drive me crazy,’’ Burby said, career, he has been a champion of his co- quotation from ‘‘Colonel Davenport’’ that staff members and reporters took as a signal ‘‘that Pat had no mean streak. I would tell workers and has provided them with the inspi- to jump back aboard—and made an unsuc- him, ‘Even FDR got even.’ but he wasn’t in- ration to further their education and training. cessful lunge for the back platform. As Ken- terested in that.’’ Mr. Gracyalny received his undergraduate nedy joined the others laughing, the portly The things he was interested in gave Cali- degree at La Salle University. He received a governor jogged down the track, puffing fornia its future. The whole state is his masters in public administration from George heavily until the train was halted so he monument. Washington University. Jim served his country could reboard. f during the Korean war as a line medic in the But there was nothing comical about what Brown accomplished in Sacramento. Elected TRIBUTE TO THE ALLIANCE FOR Army and continued serving after active duty, at a time of burgeoning population and eco- THE CHESAPEAKE BAY retiring from the Army Reserve as a colonel. nomic growth, Brown put in place the three Mr. Speaker, Tuesday, April 30, 1996, is ingredients vital for sustaining his state’s Jim's last day at VA. We will miss him. I know progress: improved transportation, education HON. BENJAMIN L. CARDIN that you join me in wishing him and his wife, and water systems. OF MARYLAND IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Barbara, a long, happy, and healthy retirement His administration built 1,000 miles of free- after 35 years of distinguished Federal serv- ways to keep the state from traffic gridlock. Monday, April 22, 1996 He opened almost a dozen new campuses of ice. the University of California and the state Mr. CARDIN. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to f colleges, giving California—for a time—the pay special tribute to the Alliance for the most accessible and inexpensive higher edu- Chesapeake Bay, an environmental organiza- TRIBUTE TO THE LATE EDMUND cation system in the world. The Berkeley tion concerned with cleaning up and preserv- G. (PAT) BROWN campus was one of the crown jewels of re- ing Maryland's greatest environmental treas- search and graduate education. ure, the Chesapeake Bay. Perhaps his greatest achievement was the It is very appropriate that today, Earth Day, HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN legislation creating the California water sys- OF CALIFORNIA tem. A native of San Francisco, Brown rec- we turn our attention to the fine job done by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ognized that water was the issue that could the Alliance for the Chesapeake Bay. The bay is a national resource that has a profound af- Monday, April 22, 1996 deepen the long-simmering division between his own northern California, eager to protect fect on much of the east coast. It is 64,000- Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, on February its rich water resources, and the fast-grow- square-mile drainage basinÐfrom the Finger 16, 1996, the State of California lost Edmund ing but arid south. Lakes in New York to the ports of Baltimore G. (Pat) Brown, one of its most beloved At that time, before the Supreme Court’s one-man-one-vote edict, small rural counties and Hampton RoadsÐprovides millions of us statesmen. All Californians have mourned the dominated the state Senate, where Los An- with food, energy, recreation, and water. passing of this great leader, who was un- geles’ millions of people had only one vote. It Since its inception in 1971, the alliance has matched in his political skill, courageous lead- fell to Brown to cajole and pressure the Sen- been dedicated to creating a healthier, cleaner ership, and benevolence. He used his talents ate to authorize a 444-mile aqueduct that bay. It has proven equal to the task. The alli- to make government an instrument of public brought almost 2 billion gallons of water a ance's nonadversarial approach has enabled it good and his accomplishments as California's day to the south, and later to obtain ap- to work with a wide range of people for a bet- Governor from 1958 to 1966 are legendary. proval of the project in a closely fought ref- ter, cleaner bay. Over the years, the alliance erendum. Pat Brown embodied all of the qualities the It was a battle that only a visionary would has successfully rallied support from the busi- American people yearn for in their elected offi- have waged, but Brown was a man who be- ness community, citizens groups, environ- cials. Columnist David Broder captured him in lieved—in a way few politicians do now—that mentalists, industry, scientists, farmers, sports a way we can all appreciate in a column he government has enormous capacity to im- enthusiasts, and others to preserve and re- wrote shortly after Pat died. April 21, 1996, prove life for people. store the Chesapeake Bay.

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor. Matter set in this typeface indicates words inserted or appended, rather than spoken, by a Member of the House on the floor. E596 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks April 22, 1996 The alliance has accomplished its mission see American flags displayed on every home Enterprise, a Texaco affiliate, spent more than by establishing several important programs. along our parade route. $100 million cleaning the leak and settling The alliance's public policy program builds Belle Plain, N.J. is a small rural commu- claims. consensus on issues that directly affect the nity and during World War II had approxi- mately two hundred residents. Twenty five No one wants these leaks to occur. But, un- bay; the Information Services Program pro- men enlisted in the service and in 1944, Belle fortunately they do. Problems with leaking vides unbiased information about issues; and Plain, N.J. was notified that four of their AST's are not restricted to northern Virginia. the Watershed Restoration Program gets peo- young men, Joseph Petrella, Frank Repici, Leaks have occurred across the Nation, from ple involved in hands-on habitat restoration Thomas Caprioni, and Leland Champion, Jr. Anchorage, AK, to Everglades, FL. work. were killed in action. This is a close knit I urge my colleagues to acknowledge the community where patriotism and family val- I have introduced comprehensive AST legis- fine work of the Alliance for the Chesapeake ues are high. lation in the past to address these leaks. In Bay and to commit themselves to preserving Congressman LoBiondo, there are many this session of Congress, I have moved away communities like Belle Plain, N.J. in this the important programs that are so vital to the from the idea of a comprehensive regulatory health of the Chesapeake Bay. country and my faith in the American sys- tem has been renewed. program for AST's. Instead of duplicating ef- f I know that you are able to make a one forts undertaken by States and the petroleum minute speech in Congress before the regular industry to improve AST safety, this bill builds PATRIOTISM IS ALIVE AND WELL session begins. on and enhances those efforts. IN AMERICA Please give your fellow Congressmen the message conveyed by Commander DiLorenzo, This bill represents a commonsense ap- HON. FRANK A. LoBIONDO that patriotism still lives in America. Let proach to ensuring better management of OF NEW JERSEY them know that the sacrifices made by the AST's. It acknowledges that five different Fed- residents in Belle Plain, N.J. through the eral offices currently regulate AST's and that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES four veterans Corporal Joseph Petrella, Pri- tankowners feel overwhelmed and overbur- Monday, April 22, 1996 vate 1st Class Frank Repici, Private 1st dened by duplicative regulations. Class Thomas Caprioni, and Staff Sergeant Mr. LOBIONDO. Mr. Speaker, I commend to To address these concerns, the bill requires my colleagues and all Americans the following Leland Champion, Jr., who gave their lives for their country were not in vain. the EPA to consolidate AST offices within letter I received from Vincent E. Pellegrino, God Bless Our Flag. EPA. In performing that consolidation, EPA Adjutant of the Veterans of Foreign Wars Post God Bless America. must review all regulations that currently apply 386 in Cape May, NJ. Patriotism is indeed Very truly yours, to ASTs and eliminate those that are duplica- alive and well in America. INCENT ELLEGRINO V E. P , tive. This consolidation will lead to simplifica- VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS Adjutant. OF THE U.S., tion of the regulatory program and will ensure f Cape May, NJ, April 1, 1996. that tankowners understand the current regu- Congressman FRANK LOBIONDO, EARTH DAY AND AST lations with which they must comply. Cannon House Office, Washington, DC. LEGISLATION DEAR CONGRESSMAN LOBIONDO: On Sunday, By improving the organization of the current March 24, 1996, we both attended the Fiftieth AST program we allow EPA to do more with Anniversary celebration of the Veterans of HON. JAMES P. MORAN less. We also permit tank owners the oppor- Foreign War Petrella, Repici, Caprionini, OF VIRGINIA tunity to benefit from a streamlined, under- Champion Post 6257 in Belle Plain, New Jer- standable regulatory structure. sey. The celebration was also attended by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES many veterans groups from the surrounding Monday, April 22, 1996 In 1995, the General Accounting Office con- area, as well as the Gold Star Parents of Le- ducted a study of the AST regulatory program Mr. MORAN. Mr. Speaker, today we com- land Champion, Jr., one of the veterans for and identified seven areas where the program whom this post is named. memorate the 26th anniversary of Earth Day needed improvement. The bill provides EPA I only wish that all of your colleagues in and recommit ourselves to protecting and im- Congress could have been with us, to hear a proving our environment. We celebrate the the authority to correct those deficiencies in very patriotic and emotional speech given by progress we have made in cleaning our air federal law identified by the GAO. Any new Commander Frank DiLorenzo, a veteran and and our water. We recognize, however, that regulations must be designed in the most Commander of Post 6257 in Belle Plain, N.J. we still have much more to do to ensure that cost-effective manner and substantial weight Commander DiLorenzo pointed out that it must be given to current industry standards. is no longer fashionable to salute or respect our natural resources are preserved and pro- the flag of the United States, our greatest tected for future generations. This needed regulatory reform will improve symbol of freedom. He also reminded us that It is in this spirit of protecting and preserving the effectiveness of current regulations, lead Congress had refused to pass a law making it our environment that I rise today to introduce to greater prevention and containment of re- a crime to deface or destroy the American legislation that will provide greater protection leases from AST's and improve the environ- Flag. for our ground and surface water against leaks ment. This new, streamlined approach to AST As a veteran of World War II who served in from aboveground petroleum storage tanks the European theatre, I sometimes become regulation has been developed with the guid- discouraged at the direction this country is [AST's]. Currently there are approximately half ance and input of a diverse coalition of indus- going. It appears that our Democratic sys- a million aboveground storage tanks located try and environmental groups, from the Amer- tem has failed, with high crime rates in our throughout this country. According to the Envi- ican Petroleum Institute, to the Petroleum Mar- cities, failure of our children to be properly ronmental Defense Fund [EDF], between 20 keters Association of America, to the Environ- educated, families struggling to survive, and 25 percent of AST's nationwide are leak- mental Defense Fund. Together, we have high taxes, corruption in government, and a ing, posing threats to our ground water and drafted a bill which both industry and environ- political system that appears to be in chaos. surface water. mental groups can support. These concerns are also shared by many of In northern Virginia, we learned all too well my fellow veterans. We sometimes wonder if I am proud to have both Congressman the problems that leaking tanks can cause. In the sacrifices that were made in World War DAVIS and Congresswoman MORELLA as origi- September 1990, a petroleum sheen was dis- II, Korea, Vietnam, Lebanon, Somalia and nal cosponsors of this legislation. In addition, Desert Storm are appreciated by our fellow covered in a neighborhood creek in a Fairfax, I want to thank Senator ROBB for his work on Americans. VA, community. It was the beginning of a con- similar legislation which has bipartisan support On Sunday, March 24, 1996, my faith in our tinuing nightmare for a number of local resi- in the Senate. Democratic way of life was restored, after dents, who had to live with the knowledge that listening to the speech given by Commander more than 200,000 gallons of petroleum prod- This bill is a commonsense proposal to help DiLorenzo. I know that he and many other ucts had seeped into their ground water and improve our environment through regulatory Frank DiLorenzos throughout this country will continue to carry the message that pa- spread underneath their community, posing reform. I look forward to working with my triotism is still alive in America. risks of fire and explosion. Home values plum- House colleagues and with the chairman of I was also encouraged as we paraded meted, many people living in the community the relevant congressional committees to en- through the streets of Belle Plain, N.J. to suffered from respiratory ailments, and Star sure that this legislation becomes a reality. April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E597 SENATE COMMITTEE MEETINGS Special Committee To Investigate Special Committee To Investigate Whitewater Development Corporation Whitewater Development Corporation Title IV of Senate Resolution 4, and Related Matters and Related Matters agreed to by the Senate on February 4, To resume hearings to examine issues re- To continue hearings to examine issues 1977, calls for establishment of a sys- lating to the Whitewater Development relating to the Whitewater Develop- tem for a computerized schedule of all Corporation. ment Corporation. meetings and hearings of Senate com- SH–216 SH–216 mittees, subcommittees, joint commit- 2:00 p.m. 2:00 p.m. Foreign Relations Foreign Relations tees, and committees of conference. To hold hearings on the nomination of Business meeting, to consider pending This title requires all such committees Princeton Nathan Lyman, of Maryland, calendar business. to notify the Office of the Senate Daily to be Assistant Secretary of State for SD–419 Digest—designated by the Rules Com- International Organization Affairs. mittee—of the time, place, and purpose SD–419 APRIL 26 of the meetings, when scheduled, and Judiciary any cancellations or changes in the Administrative Oversight and the Courts 10:00 a.m. meetings as they occur. Subcommittee Commission on Security and Cooperation To hold hearings to examine the need for in Europe As an additional procedure along additional bankruptcy judgeships and To hold a briefing on the ethnic Turkish with the computerization of this infor- the role of the U.S. trustee system. minority of Greece. mation, the Office of the Senate Daily SD–226 2200 Rayburn Building Digest will prepare this information for Veterans’ Affairs printing in the Extensions of Remarks To hold hearings on the President’s pro- APRIL 30 posed budget for fiscal year 1997 for section of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD 9:30 a.m. veterans programs. on Monday and Wednesday of each Appropriations SR–418 week. Select on Intelligence VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Sub- Meetings scheduled for Tuesday, Closed business meeting, to mark up pro- committee April 23, 1996, may be found in the posed legislation relating to intel- To hold hearings on proposed budget es- timates for fiscal year 1997 for the Fed- Daily Digest of today’s RECORD. ligence renewal and reform. SH–219 eral Emergency Management Agency. SD–192 MEETINGS SCHEDULED APRIL 25 Commerce, Science, and Transportation 9:00 a.m. To hold hearings on the proposed nomi- APRIL 24 Indian Affairs nation of Michael Kantor, of Califor- 9:00 a.m. To hold joint hearings with the House nia, to be Secretary of Commerce. Select on Intelligence Committee on Resources on S. 1264, to SR–253 To resume hearings on the roles and ca- provide for certain benefits of the Mis- 10:00 a.m. pabilities of the United States intel- souri River Basin Pick-Sloan Project Judiciary ligence community. to the Crow Creek Sioux Tribe. To hold hearings to examine affirmative SD–106 SR–485 action in Calfifornia. 9:30 a.m. 9:30 a.m. SD–226 Appropriations Commerce, Science, and Transportation 2:30 p.m. Interior Subcommittee To hold hearings on domestic air service Commerce, Science, and Transportation To hold hearings on proposed budget es- in the wake of airline deregulation, fo- Oceans and Fisheries Subcommittee timates for fiscal year 1997 for the U.S. cusing on challenges faced by small To hold hearings On S. 1420, to support Forest Service. communities. the International Dolphin Conserva- SD–138 SR–253 tion Program in the eastern tropical Commerce, Science, and Transportation Energy and Natural Resources Pacific Ocean. Science, Technology, and Space Sub- Parks, Historic Preservation and Recre- SR–253 committee ation Subcommittee To hold hearings to examine distance To hold hearings on S. 902, to authorize MAY 1 learning, and on S. 1278, to establish an the Secretary of the Interior to assist education satellite loan guarantee pro- in the construction of a building to be 9:30 a.m. gram for communications among edu- used jointly by the Secretary for park Rules and Administration cation, Federal, State, and local insti- purposes and by the city of Natchez as To resume hearings on issues with regard tutions and agencies and instructional an intermodal transportation center, to the Government Printing Office. and educational resource providers. S. 951, to commemorate the service of SR–301 SR–253 First Ladies Jacqueline Kennedy and 2:30 p.m. Energy and Natural Resources Patricia Nixon to improving and main- Commerce, Science, and Transportation Business meeting, to consider pending taining the Executive Residence of the Aviation Subcommittee calendar business. President and to authorize grants to To hold hearings to examine airport rev- SD–366 the White House Endowment Fund in enue diversion. Environment and Public Works their memory to continue their work, SR–253 To continue hearings on S. 1285, to reau- S. 1098, to establish the Midway Islands thorize and amend the Comprehensive as a National Memorial, H.R. 826, to ex- MAY 2 Environmental Recovery, Compensa- tend the deadline for the completion of tion, and Liability Act of 1980 certain land exchanges involving the 9:30 a.m. (Superfund). Big Thicket National Preserve in Energy and Natural Resources SD–406 Texas, and H.R. 1163, to authorize the Forests and Public Land Management Sub- Labor and Human Resources exchange of National Park Service land committee Business meeting, to mark up S. 1643, to in the Fire Island National Seashore in To hold hearings on S. 1401, to amend the authorize funds for fiscal years 1997 the State of New York for land in the Surface Mining Control and Reclama- through 2001 for programs of the Older Village of Patchogue, Suffolk County, tion Act of 1977 to minimize duplica- Americans Act, and S. 1360, to ensure New York. tion in regulatory programs and to personal privacy with respect to medi- SD–366 give States exclusive responsibility cal records and health care-related in- 10:00 a.m. under approved States program for per- formation. Appropriations mitting and enforcement of the provi- SD–430 Transportation Subcommittee sions of that Act with respect to sur- 10:00 a.m. To hold hearings on proposed budget es- face coal mining and reclamation oper- Appropriations timates for fiscal year 1997 for the De- ations, and S. 1194, to amend the Min- Defense Subcommittee partment of Transportation. ing and Mineral Policy Act of 1970 to To hold hearings on proposed budget es- SD–192 promote the research, identification, timates for fiscal year 1997 for the De- Judiciary assessment, and exploration of marine partment of Defense, focusing on Army Business meeting, to consider pending mineral resources. programs. calendar business. SD–192 SD–226 SD–366 E598 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks April 22, 1996 MAY 3 Appropriations SEPTEMBER 17 9:30 a.m. Treasury, Postal Service, and General Gov- 9:30 a.m. Appropriations ernment Subcommittee Veterans’ Affairs To hold hearings on proposed budget es- VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Sub- To hold joint hearings with the House timates for fiscal year 1997 for the In- committee Committee on Veterans’ Affairs to re- To hold hearings on proposed budget es- ternal Revenue Service, Department of the Treasury. view the legislative recommendations timates for fiscal year 1997 for the De- of the American Legion. partment of Veterans Affairs. SD–138 334 Cannon Building SD–192 MAY 15 MAY 7 2:00 p.m. 10:00 a.m. Appropriations CANCELLATIONS Judiciary VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Sub- To resume hearings on S. 1284, to amend committee APRIL 25 To hold hearings on proposed budget es- title 17 to adapt the copyright law to 10:00 a.m. the digital, networked environment of timates for fiscal year 1997 for the Na- Appropriations the National Information Infrastruc- tional Aeronautics and Space Adminis- Commerce, Justice, State, and the Judici- ture. tration. SD–106 SD–192 ary Subcommittee Joint Library To hold hearings on proposed budget es- Business meeting, to consider a report of MAY 17 timates for fiscal year1997 for the De- the General Accounting Office on the 9:30 a.m. partment of State. Library of Congress. Appropriations S–146, Capitol SR–301 VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Sub- committee MAY 8 To hold hearings on proposed budget es- POSTPONEMENTS 10:00 a.m. timates for fiscal year 1997 for the Cor- Veterans’ Affairs poration for National and Community APRIL 25 To hold hearings to examine the reform Service. of health care priorities. SD–192 9:30 a.m. SR–418 Commerce, Science, and Transportation 2:00 p.m. MAY 24 To hold hearings on proposed legislation Appropriations 9:30 a.m. authorizing funds for the Federal Trade VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Sub- Appropriations Commission. committee VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Sub- SR–253 To hold hearings on proposed budget es- committee timates for fiscal year 1997 for the De- To hold hearings on proposed budget es- partment of Housing and Urban Devel- timates for fiscal year 1997 for the En- opment. vironmental Protection Agency. SD–192 SD–192 Monday, April 22, 1996 Daily Digest Senate Thompson (for Ashcroft) Amendment No. 3698 Chamber Action (to the motion to recommit), to change instructions Routine Proceedings, pages S3749–S3803 to report back with limits on Congressional terms of Measures Introduced: Three bills and one resolu- 6 years in the House of Representatives and 12 years tion were introduced, as follows: S. 1690–1692, and in the Senate. Pages S3769±86 S.J. Res. 52. Page S3792 Thompson (for Brown) Modified Amendment No. 3699 (to Amendment No. 3698), to change instruc- Measures Reported: Reports were made as follows: tions to report back with language allowing each S. 1324, to amend the Public Health Service Act State to set the terms of members of the House of to revise and extend the solid-organ procurement Representatives and the Senate from that State. and transplantation programs, and the bone marrow Page S3769 donor program, with an amendment in the nature of Senate will continue consideration of the resolu- a substitute. (S. Rept. No. 104–256) Page S3792 tion on Tuesday, April 23, 1996, with a vote on a Congressional Term Limits: Senate resumed con- motion to close further debate on the committee sideration of S.J. Res. 21, proposing a constitutional substitute to occur thereon. amendment to limit congressional terms, with a committee amendment in the nature of a substitute, Nominations Received: Senate received the follow- taking action on amendments proposed thereto, as ing nominations: Victor H. Ashe, of Tennessee, to be a Member of follows: Pages S3769±86 Pending: the Board of Directors of the Corporation for Na- Thompson (for Ashcroft) Amendment No. 3692, tional and Community Service for a term expiring in the nature of a substitute. Page S3769 October 6, 2000. Thompson (for Brown) Amendment No. 3693 (to Alan G. Lowry, of California, to be a Member of Amendment No. 3692), to permit each State to pre- the Board of Trustees of the James Madison Memo- scribe the maximum number of terms to which a rial Fellowship Foundation for a term expiring May person may be elected to the House of Representa- 29, 2001. tives and the Senate. Page S3769 1 Air Force nomination in the rank of general. Thompson (for Ashcroft) Amendment No. 3694, Page S3803 of a perfecting nature. Page S3769 Messages From the House: Page S3792 Thompson (for Brown) Amendment No. 3695 (to Communications: Page S3792 Amendment No. 3694), to permit each State to pre- scribe the maximum number of terms to which a Statements on Introduced Bills: Pages S3792±97 person may be elected to the House of Representa- Additional Cosponsors: Page S3797 Page S3769 tives and the Senate. Amendments Submitted: Pages S3797±98 Thompson Amendment No. 3696, to change the length of limits on Congressional terms to 12 years Notices of Hearings: Page S3798 in the House of Representatives and 12 years in the Additional Statements: Pages S3798±S3803 Senate. Page S3769 Adjournment: Senate convened at 11 a.m., and ad- Thompson (for Brown) Amendment No. 3697 (to journed at 6:46 p.m., until 10 a.m., on Tuesday, Amendment No. 3696), to permit each State to pre- April 23, 1996. (For Senate’s program, see the re- scribe the maximum number of terms to which a marks of the Majority Leader in today’s Record on person may be elected to the House of Representa- page S3803.) tives and the Senate. Page S3769 Thompson motion to recommit the resolution to the Committee on the Judiciary with instructions. Committee Meetings Page S3769 No committee meetings were held. D347 D348 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — DAILY DIGEST April 22, 1996 House of Representatives Health; the National Institute on Drug Abuse; and Chamber Action the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alco- Bills Introduced: 3 public bills, H.R. 3281–3283; holism. Testimony was heard from the following of- 1 private bill, H.R. 3284; and 3 resolutions, H.J. ficials of the Department of Health and Human Res. 173–174, and H. Res. 408 were introduced. Services; Zach W. Hall, M.D., Director, National In- Page H3657 stitute on Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Ste- Reports Filed: Reports were filed as follows: phen M. Hyman, M.D., Director, National Institute H.R. 1772, to authorize the Secretary of the Inte- of Mental Health; Alan I. Leshner, M.D., Director, rior to acquire certain interests in the Waihee Marsh National Institute on Drug Abuse; and Enoch for inclusion in the Oahu National Wildlife Refuge Gordis, M.D., Director, National Institute on Alco- Complex, amended (H. Rept. 104–528); and hol Abuse and Alcoholism. H.R. 1836, to authorize the Secretary of the Inte- ROE v. WADE rior to acquire property in the town of East Hamp- Committee on the Judiciary: Subcommittee on the Con- ton, Suffolk County, New York, for inclusion in the stitution held an oversight hearing regarding the ori- Amagansett National Wildlife Refuge (H. Rept. gins and scope of Roe v. Wade. Testimony was heard 104–529). Page H3657 from public witnesses. Speaker Pro Tempore: Read a letter from the f Speaker wherein he designates Representative Funderburk to act as Speaker pro tempore for today. COMMITTEE MEETINGS FOR TUESDAY, Page H3655 APRIL 23, 1996 Senate Late Report: Conferees received permission to have until midnight tonight to file a conference report on (Committee meetings are open unless otherwise indicated) H.R. 3019, making appropriations for fiscal year Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Agri- 1996 to make a further downpayment toward a bal- culture, Rural Development, and Related Agencies, to anced budget. Page H3655 hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal year 1997 for the Department of Agriculture, 10 a.m., Committee Resignations: Read the following let- SD–138. ters of resignation: Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development, to Letter from Representative Engel wherein he re- hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal year signs as a member of the Committee on Economic 1997 for the Office of Energy Research, Department of and Educational Opportunities and the Committee Energy, 10 a.m., SD–116. on International Relations; and Pages H3655±56 Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, to Letter from Representative Thompson wherein he hold hearings to examine the status of assets held in resigns as a member of the Committee on Small Swiss banks deposited by European Jews and others in the years preceding the Holocaust, 10 a.m., SD–538. Business. Page H3656 Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, Sub- Committee Election: Agreed to H. Res. 408, elect- committee on Consumer Affairs, Foreign Commerce, and ing Members to certain standing committees of the Tourism, to hold hearings on proposed legislation author- House of Representatives. Page H3656 izing funds for the Consumer Product Safety Commission, 9:30 a.m., SR–253. Quorum Calls—Votes: No quorum calls or votes Committee on Environment and Public Works, to hold hear- developed during the proceedings of the House ings on S. 1285, to reauthorize and amend the Com- today. prehensive Environmental Recovery, Compensation, and Adjournment: Met at 2:00 p.m. and adjourned at Liability Act of 1980 (Superfund), 9:30 a.m., SD–406. 2:15 p.m. Committee on Foreign Relations, to hold hearings on the nominations of Prudence Bushnell, of Virginia, to be Ambassador to the Republic of Kenya, Charles O. Cecil, Committee Meetings of California, to be Ambassador to the Republic of Niger, LABOR-HHS-EDUCATION David C. Halsted, of Vermont, to be Ambassador to the APPROPRIATIONS Republic of Chad, Morris N. Hughes, Jr., of Nebraska, to be Ambassador to the Republic of Burundi, Tibor P. Committee on Appropriations: Subcommittee on Labor, Nagy, Jr., of Texas, to be Ambassador to the Republic Health and Human Services, and Education held a of Guinea, Dane Farnsworth Smith, Jr., of New Mexico, hearing on National Institute of Neurological Dis- to be Ambassador to the Republic of Senegal, George F. orders and Stroke; the National Institute on Mental Ward, Jr., of Virginia, to be Ambassador to the Republic April 22, 1996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — DAILY DIGEST D349 of Namibia, and Sharon P. Wilkinson, of New York, to Subcommittee on Treasury, Postal Service, and General be Ambassador to Burkina Faso, 11 a.m., SD–419. Government, on Reforming the Grievance Process, 2 Committee on the Judiciary, to hold hearings on S.J. Res. p.m., 2362 Rayburn. 52, proposing a constitutional amendment to establish a Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agen- bill of rights for crime victims, 10 a.m., SD–226. cies, on Department of Veterans Affairs, 10 a.m., and 2 Committee on Labor and Human Resources, to hold hear- p.m., 2360 Rayburn. ings to examine the need to increase organ and tissue do- Committee on Economic and Educational Opportunities, Sub- nation, 9:30 a.m., SH–216. committee on Postsecondary Education, Training and Committee on Small Business, to hold hearings to examine Lifelong Learning, hearing on Higher Education: Who issues affecting home-based business owners, focusing on Plays, Who Pays, Who Goes, 1 p.m., 2175 Rayburn. the changing work environment and relevant tax laws, Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, Sub- 10:30 a.m., SR–428A. committee on Government Management, Information, Committee on Indian Affairs, business meeting, to con- and Technology, hearing on Federal Budget and Financial sider the President’s proposed budget request for fiscal Management Reform, 9:30 a.m., 311 Cannon. Committee on International Relations, hearing on U.S. Pol- year 1997 for Indian programs, 9:30 a.m., SR–485. icy Toward Bosnia, 10 a.m., 2172 Rayburn. Special Committee on Aging, to hold hearings to examine Committee on Resources, Subcommittee on Energy and issues relating to Alzheimer’s Disease, 10 a.m., SD–106. Mineral Resources, hearing on H.R. 3198, National Geo- logical Mapping Reauthorization Act of 1996, 2 p.m., NOTICE 1324 Longworth. For a listing of Senate committee meetings sched- Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests, and Lands, uled ahead, see pages E597–98 in today’s Record. hearing on H.R. 3127, Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act of 1996, 10 a.m., 1334 Longworth. House Committee on Rules, to consider the following: Con- ference Report to accompany H.R. 3019, making appro- Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Com- priations for fiscal year 1996 to make a further downpay- merce, Justice, State, and Judiciary, on SBA; Minority ment toward a balanced budget; H.R. 1675, National Business Development Agency; and the Economic Ad- Wildlife Refuge Improvement Act of 1995; and H.R. ministration, 2 p.m., H–310 Capitol. 2715, Paperwork Elimination Act of 1996, 4 p.m., Subcommittee on Interior, on Smithsonian Institution, H–313 Capitol. 10 a.m., and on the Fish and Wildlife Service, 1:30 p.m., Committee on Ways and Means, Subcommittee on Trade, B–308 Rayburn. hearing on Department of Commerce proposed antidump- Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, ing regulations and other antidumping issues, 11 a.m., and Education, on National Institute of Allergy and In- 1100 Longworth. fectious Diseases; the National Institute of Diabetes, Di- Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, to consider gestive and Kidney Diseases, 10 a.m., and on National pending business; followed by, executive, a hearing on Center for Human Genome Research, the National Insti- Community Management, 2 p.m., H–405 Capitol. tute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, and on the Office of AIDS Research, 1:30 p.m., 2358 Joint Meetings Rayburn. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe, to hold Subcommittee on National Security, executive, on Na- hearings to examine the consequences of the 1986 tional Guard and Reserve Programs, 1:30 p.m., H–140 Chernobyl nuclear disaster and the international commu- Capitol. nity’s response, 10 a.m., 2154 Rayburn Building. D350 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — DAILY DIGEST April 22, 1996

Next Meeting of the SENATE Next Meeting of the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 10 a.m., Tuesday, April 23 12:30 p.m., Tuesday, April 23

Senate Chamber House Chamber Program for Tuesday: Senate will continue consideration of Program for Tuesday: Consideration of the following 2 Cor- S.J. Res. 21, proposing a constitutional amendment to limit rection Day measures: congressional terms. 1. H.R. 3049, to provide for the continuity of the Board of At 2:15 p.m., Senate will vote on final passage of H.R. Trustees of the Institute of American Indians and Alaska Na- 3103, Health Care Availability and Affordability Act. tive Culture and Arts Development, and A vote will also occur on a motion to invoke cloture on the 2. H.R. 3055, to permit continued participation by Histori- reported committee substitute to S.J. Res. 21, Congressional cally Black Graduate Professional Schools in the grant program. Term Limits. Consideration of the following 7 Suspensions: (Senate will recess from 12:30 p.m. until 2:15 p.m. for respective 1. H.R. 2024, Mercury-Containing and Rechargeable Battery party conferences.) Management Act; 2. H.R. 1965, Coastal Zone Management Reauthorization Act of 1996; 3. H.R. 2160, Cooperative Fisheries Management Act of 1995; 4. H.R. 1772, authorizing acquisition of certain interests in the Waihee Marsh for inclusion in the Oahu National Wildlife Refuge Complex; 5. H.R. 1836, authorizing acquisition of property in East Hampton, New York for inclusion in the Amagansett National Wildlife Refuge; 6. H.R. 2660, increasing the amount authorized for the Tensas River National Wildlife Refuge; and 7. H.R. 2679, revising the boundary of the North Platte National Wildlife Refuge. Consideration of the President’s Veto of H.R. 1561, Amer- ican Overseas Interest Act of 1996.

Extensions of Remarks, as inserted in this issue

HOUSE

Cardin, Benjamin L., Md., E595 Lewis, Jerry, Calif., E595 LoBiondo, Frank A., N.J., E596 Moran, James P., Va., E596 Waxman, Henry A., Calif., E595

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