DOCSLIB.ORG

Karpaz Yarımadası Arkeolojik Yerleşimleri

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Karpaz Yarımadası Arkeolojik Yerleşimleri Anadolu / Anatolia 33, 2007 E. Öztepe KARPAZ YARIMADASI ARKEOLOJİK YERLEŞİMLERİ Erhan ÖZTEPE Anahtar Kelimeler: Kıbrıs • Karpaz Yarımadası • Yerleşim Özellikleri • Mezarlar • Kutsal Alanlar Keywords: Cyprus • Karpass Peninsula • Settlements Patterns• Cemeteries • Sanctuaries Özet Bu çalışma Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti sınırları içerisinde gerçekleştirilen arkeolojik araş- tırmalar ışığında Karpaz Yarımadası’nın Neolitik Dönem’den Roma Dönemi’ne kadar yerleşim özelliklerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlar. Çalışma kapsamında Kuzey Kıbrıs’ta İskele İlçesi sınırları içinde kalan Karpaz bölgesindeki arkeolojik yerleşimler, mezarlıklar ve kutsal alanlar ele alınmıştır. Karpaz Yarımadası’nda ilk iskân izleri Akeramik Neolitik Dönem’e tarihlendirilen Kastros yerleşi- minde karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Tunç Çağı’nda Karpaz Yarımadası’nda yerleşim sayısının oldukça art- tığı görülmektedir. Demir Çağı’nda ise bilinen yerleşim alanlarının sayısı Tunç Çağı’na göre azdır. Karpaz Yarımadası genelinde Arkaik ve Klasik Dönem’lere yönelik araştırmaların sayısı ise fazla olmadığından ve bölgede çok iyi bilinmediğinden bu dönemlerle ilgili arkeolojik bilgilerimiz sınırlı- dır. Hellenistik ve Roma Dönem’leri ise Karpasia ve Urania gibi büyük yerleşimlerin yanında yüzey araştırmalarında tespit edilmiş küçük ölçekli yerleşimler ile temsil edilmektedir. Abstract: The archaeological settlements of the Karpass Peninsula This essay aims to evaluate the settlement history of the Karpass Peninsula in northern Cyprus in light of the available evidence derived from archaeological excavations and surveys. It places a spe- cial emphasis upon the archaeological settlements, cemeteries and sanctuaries that may help us to reconstruct the settlement history of the Karpass Peninsula. The first traces of human occupation in this region have been attested at the Aceramic Neolithic site of Kastros. A noticeable increase seems to have occurred in the number of sites in the Bronze Age. The number of Iron Age settle- ments declines in the region. Our archaeological knowledge about the Archaic and Classical past of the Karpass Peninsula is limited, due in part to the minimal number of studies related to these peri- ods. Besides Hellenistic and Roman settlements such as Karpasia and Urania, a series of small set- tlements of these periods are also known to us through surveys, allowing us to obtain information about the settlement patterns of this period. 143 Karpaz Yarımadası Arkeolojik Yerleşimleri Kıbrıs Adası coğrafi konumunun özelli- sınırları içerisinde yer alan Karpaz Yarıma- ğinden dolayı Doğu Akdeniz dünyasında dası arkeolojik yerleşimlerinin bu tür bir en- Mısır, Suriye-Filistin, Anadolu ve Ege kül- vanterinin sunulması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu türleri arasında kültürel iletişimi sağlayan bir yaklaşımla ileride yapılacak daha detaylı ar- bölge olarak sürekli ön plana çıkmıştır. Kıb- keolojik çalışmalara katkı yapılabilmesi rıs’ın bu coğrafik öneminden dolayı adanın umulmaktadır. Günümüzde Kuzey Kıbrıs üzerindeki iskânın tarihinin Akeramik Neoli- Türk Cumhuriyeti’nin kuzeydoğu uç sınırını tik Dönem’e kadar geriye gittiği görülmek- oluşturan Karpaz Yarımadası İskele ilçesi tedir1. Kıbrıs coğrafyası içinde adanın doğu sınırları içinde kalmaktadır. Bununla birlikte kısmını oluşturan Karpaz Yarımadası’nın ise Karpaz Yarımadası’nın coğrafi sınırının bi- apayrı bir önem taşıdığı açıktır. 1980’li yıl- raz dışına çıkılarak İskele ilçesi merkeze lardan itibaren Akdeniz’in diğer ülkelerinde bağlı köyler ve çevresindeki arkeolojik yer- olduğu gibi Kıbrıs’ın kuzeyinde de gözlenen leşimler de çalışmaya dâhil edilmiştir. hızlı yapılaşmalar arkeolojik alanlar üzerinde 1. Kastros (Cape Andreas harita no. 1): olumsuz etkiler yaratmaya başlamıştır. Bu Kıbrıs adasının kuzeydoğu ucunda Zafer süreçte adanın kuzeyinde daha önce çeşitli Burnunun hemen gerisinde yer alan tepe araştırmalarla tespit edilmiş olan arkeolojik üzerindedir. Kastros Tepe’nin üzerinden yerleşimler ve mezarlık alanları değişen çev- yamaçlarına doğru yayılan, M.Ö. 7. binin re koşullarından etkilenmeye başlamıştır. ikinci yarısı ile M.Ö. 6. bin yılın ilk yarısı Aynı hızlı yapılaşma sürecinin henüz keşfe- arasına tarihlendirilen, Kıbrıs adasının se- dilmemiş arkeolojik alanları da tehdit etmesi ramiksiz Neolitik Dönemi’ne ait bir yerle- olasıdır. Son yıllarda Kuzey Kıbrıs’ta çeşitli şimdir. 1970 ile 1974 yılı arasında Fransız altyapı çalışmaları için gerçekleştirilen hafri- Ulusal Bilim Araştırmaları Merkezi’nden yatlar sırasında rastlanılan arkeolojik bulgu- Alain Le Brun başkanlığındaki bir ekip tara- lar henüz tespit edilememiş çok sayıda arke- fından kazı ve araştırmalar yürütülmüştür3. 2 olojik alanın olabileceğine işaret etmektedir . Kıbrıs adasının Neolitikleşme süreci konu- Bu nedenle 18. yüzyılın ilk yarısından itiba- sunda önemli bilgiler sunan bu köy yerleşi- ren başlayan ve günümüze kadar devam mi adada Neolitik sürecinin tam gelişmiş bir eden Karpaz Yarımadası araştırmalarında şekilde aniden ortaya çıkışına tanıklık et- saptanan arkeolojik yerleşimler ve mezarlık mektedir. Dönemin en tipik özelliği olan alanları ile ilgili son durumun gözlemlenmesi dairesel planlı ev inşa etme anlayışı ve kıyıya bir zorunluluk halini almıştır. Bu çalışma ile yakın alanlarda yer alan korunaklı doğal te- günümüzde Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti peler üzerine yerleşim kurma geleneği ada- nın diğer Neolitik köylerinde olduğu gibi 1 Son yıllarda Kuzey Kıbrıs’ta Akanthou, Tatlısu’da burada da görülmektedir. (Çiftlikdüzü) gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar adanın Akeramik Neolitik Dönemi’ne ilişkin yeni bilgiler sunmuştur. Şevketoğlu 2000, 75 ve 117; 2006, 114. 3 Karageorghis 1971a, 390; Karageorghis 1972a, 1042- 2 Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti Eski Eserler Dairesi 1045; Karageorghis 1973, 635-636; Karageorghis 1974, tarafından Karpaz’da gerçekleştirilen kurtarma 850-855; Le Brun 1974, 1-23; Le Brun 1981; Ducos kazılarında 2002-2005 yılları arasında özellikle 1981, 89; Garnier 1981, 93-94; Helmer 1981, 91-92; Geometrik dönem, Demir Çağı ve Roma döneminden Van Zeist 1981, 95-99; Masséi – Solivères 1981, 83-87; mezarlar ya da bulgulara Mehmetçik, Gelincik, Balalan, Poupet 1981, 81; Karageorghis 1982, 21 vd.; Le Brun Sazlıköy, Dipkarpaz köyünün batısında, Yeşilköy, İskele 1985, 73-80; Le Brun 1993, 55 vd. ; Le Brun – Le Brun ve Bafra köyleri çevrelerinde rastlanılmıştır. 2003, 45-59. 144 Anadolu / Anatolia 33, 2007 E. Öztepe 2. Lakkos (harita no. 2): Lakkos Mersin- 7. Chalasmata: Chalasmata adı ile tanı- lik (Phlamoudhi) köyünün 5 km kadar ku- nan merkez Boltaşlı (Lythrangomi) köyü- zeybatısında ve deniz kenarında yer alan ve nün 1 km kadar kuzeybatısında tepe üzerin- yüzey buluntularına göre Neolitik Dönem’e de Erken Tunç Çağı yerleşimine ve mezarlı- tarihlendirilen bir yerleşimdir4. Deniz kıyısı ğına sahiptir9. Bu yerleşimde yüzey bulgula- köy toplumlarının genel özelliklerini göste- rına dayanılarak Orta Tunç Çağı’nın varlığı ren Lakkos Neolitik köy yerleşimi Karpaz da bilinmektedir. Yarımadası’nda çok az bilinen Neolitik Dö- 8. Kavos: Sazlıköy’ün (Livadhiya) batı- nem’i temsil etmektedir. Bu bölgede Neoli- sındaki mezarlık alanıdır. Erken ve Orta tik Dönem yerleşimlerinin azlığı büyük öl- Tunç Çağı buluntuları ele geçmiştir10. çüde bu döneme yönelik araştırmaların sayı- 9. Dhima: Altınova (Ayios Iakovos) kö- sal yetersizliğinden kaynaklanmaktadır. yünün kuzeyinde 1929 yılında tespit edilmiş 3. Kaminia: Yenierenköy’ün (Yialousa) olan Dhima’da Tunç ve Demir Çağı’ndan çok yakınında bulunan Kaminia Erken Tunç kült alanları yer almaktadır11. Çağı’na tarihlendirilen bir mezarlıktır5 . Bu- 10. Vounari (harita no. 3): Vounari Mer- güne kadar sistematik olarak kazılmamış sinlik (Phlamoudhi) köyünün 1 km kadar olan Kaminia’da Erken Tunç Çağı yüzey bu- kuzeyinde yer alan bir Tunç Çağı yerleşimi- luntuları görülmektedir. 12 dir . Küçük bir Tunç Çağı kutsal alanı da 4. Sylla: Dipkarpaz (Rizokarpaso) köyü- bulunan Vounari’de 1970-1973 yılları ara- nün çevresindeki Erken Tunç Çağı’na ait sında Colombia Üniversitesi’nce kazılar yü- yerleşim ve mezarlık alanlarından biridir. rütülmüştür13. Merkezde Orta Tunç Çağı III Erken Tunç Çağı tarihli yerleşimi ile mezar- dönemi (M.Ö. 1725-1650) ile Geç Tunç lık alanı dışında burada Orta Tunç Çağı’na Çağı IIA dönemi (M.Ö. 1450-1400) arası 6 ait yüzey buluntuları da ele geçmiştir . bulgular tespit edilmiştir. 5. Tamathios: Dipkarpaz (Rizokarpaso) 11. Kaleburnu: Kaleburnu (Galinoporni) köyünün çevresindeki yerleşim ve mezarlık köyünden Yenierenköy’e uzanan yolun üze- alanlarından biridir. Bu mezarlık alanında rinde Orta ve Geç Tunç Çağı buluntuları Erken ve Orta Tunç Çağı’na tarihlenen bu- luntulara rastlanılmıştır7. 6. Büyükkonuk: Büyükkonuk (Komi Ke- bir) köyünün yerleştiği alan büyük bir me- 9 Gjerstad 1926, 10; Catling 1962, 152, no. 107, 158, no. zarlık alanıdır. Köyün yakın çevresinde yapı- 123. 10 Gjerstad 1926, 12; Catling 1962, 152, no. 106, 158, no. lan yüzey araştırmalarında Erken ve Orta 121. Tunç Çağı’ndan seramik buluntulara rastla- 11 Tunç Çağı Kült Alanı: Gjerstad et al 1934, 356-361; 8 Wright 1992, 74 vd., lev. 89 Demir Çağı Kült Alanı: nılmıştır . Gjerstad et al 1934, 361-370; Catling 1962, 155, no. 18, 161, no. 35. 12 Phlamoudhi-Vounari yerleşimi için bkz. Catling 1962, 4 Symeonoglou 1972, 190, no. 3 159, no. 138, 168, no. 208; Karageorghis 1972a, 1045- 5 Gjerstad 1926, 11; Catling 1962, 154, no. 168. 1047; Symeonoglou 1972, 193, no. 20; Karageorghis 6 Gjerstad 1926, 11; Catling 1962, 153, no. 143, 159, no. 1973, 638-639; Catling 1973, 109-110; Karageorghis 150-151. 1974, 864. 7 Karageorghis 1961, 276;
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CYPRUS Cyprus in Your Heart
    CYPRUS Cyprus in your Heart Life is the Journey That You Make It It is often said that life is not only what you are given, but what you make of it. In the beautiful Mediterranean island of Cyprus, its warm inhabitants have truly taken the motto to heart. Whether it’s an elderly man who basks under the shade of a leafy lemon tree passionately playing a game of backgammon with his best friend in the village square, or a mother who busies herself making a range of homemade delicacies for the entire family to enjoy, passion and lust for life are experienced at every turn. And when glimpsing around a hidden corner, you can always expect the unexpected. Colourful orange groves surround stunning ancient ruins, rugged cliffs embrace idyllic calm turquoise waters, and shady pine covered mountains are brought to life with clusters of stone built villages begging to be explored. Amidst the wide diversity of cultural and natural heritage is a burgeoning cosmopolitan life boasting towns where glamorous restaurants sit side by side trendy boutiques, as winding old streets dotted with quaint taverns give way to contemporary galleries or artistic cafes. Sit down to take in all the splendour and you’ll be made to feel right at home as the locals warmly entice you to join their world where every visitor is made to feel like one of their own. 2 Beachside Splendour Meets Countryside Bliss Lovers of the Mediterranean often flock to the island of Aphrodite to catch their breath in a place where time stands still amidst the beauty of nature.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Memorandum Ownership Status of Hotels and Other
    MEMORANDUM OWNERSHIP STATUS OF HOTELS AND OTHER ACCOMODATION FACILITIES IN THE OCCUPIED PART OF THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cyprus hereby publishes a list1 of hotels situated in the Turkish occupied part of Cyprus. The majority of these hotels belong to Greek Cypriot displaced persons who were forced to leave their properties following the Turkish invasion of 1974 or have been built illegally on properties belonging to displaced Greek Cypriots, in violation of the latter’s property rights and without their consent. A number of hotels belong to Turkish Cypriots or have been built on land belonging to Turkish Cypriots. The European Court of Human Rights, in its Judgment of 18 December 1996, on the individual application of the Greek Cypriot displaced owner from Kyrenia, Mrs. Titina Loizidou, against Turkey, and in the Fourth Interstate Application of Cyprus against Turkey of 10 May 2001, upheld the rights of the refugees to their properties. In the Loizidou case, the Court ordered the Government of Turkey to compensate the applicant for the time period of deprivation of use of her property and to provide full access and allow peaceful enjoyment of her property in Kyrenia. The right of the displaced owners to their properties was reconfirmed in the decision of the European Court of Human Rights (Dec. 2005) regarding the application of Myra Xenides- Arestis v. Turkey, and has since been repeatedly reconfirmed in a multitude of cases brought by Greek Cypriot owners of property in the occupied part of Cyprus against Turkey]. It should also be reminded that, according to the United Nations Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons (the Pinheiro principles) “all refugees and displaced persons have the right to have restored to them any housing, land or property of which they were arbitrarily or unlawfully deprived..”.
    [Show full text]
  • FOURTH SECTION CASE of LORDOS and OTHERS V
    FOURTH SECTION CASE OF LORDOS AND OTHERS v. TURKEY (Application no. 15973/90) JUDGMENT (merits) STRASBOURG 2 November 2010 FINAL 11/04/2011 This judgment has become final under Article 44 § 2 (c) of the Convention. It may be subject to editorial revision. LORDOS AND OTHERS v. TURKEY JUDGMENT (MERITS) 1 In the case of Lordos and Others v. Turkey, The European Court of Human Rights (Fourth Section), sitting as a Chamber composed of: Nicolas Bratza, President, Lech Garlicki, Ljiljana Mijović, David Thór Björgvinsson, Ján Šikuta, Päivi Hirvelä, Işıl Karakaş, judges, and Fatoş Aracı, Deputy Section Registrar, Having deliberated in private on 5 October 2010, Delivers the following judgment, which was adopted on that date: PROCEDURE 1. The case originated in an application (no. 15973/90) against the Republic of Turkey lodged with the European Commission of Human Rights (“the Commission”) under former Article 25 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) by thirteen Cypriot nationals, Mr Constantinos G. Lordos, Mr Kikis L. Christofides, Mr Zacharias Spiridonos, Mr Stavros Ioannou, Mr Areti G. Ionides, Mr Michalis Evangelides, Mr Loizos D. Loizides, Mr Christos Hadjimanolis, Mr Panayiotis Sergis, Mr Georgios Misirlis, Mr Georgios Rouvas, Mrs Eleni (alias Lenia) Antoniadou and Mr Stelios Mandrides (“the applicants”), on 20 December 1989. 2. The applicants were represented by Mr A. Demetriades, a lawyer practising in Nicosia. The Turkish Government (“the Government”) were represented by their Agent, Mr Z.M. Necatigil. 3. The applicants alleged, in particular, that the Turkish occupation of the northern part of Cyprus had deprived them of their homes and properties and that they had been the victims of discrimination on grounds of their ethnic origin and religious beliefs.
    [Show full text]
  • 47. Correlations of the Neogene Formations of the Florence Rise and of Northern Cyprus: Paleogeographic and Structural Implications
    47. CORRELATIONS OF THE NEOGENE FORMATIONS OF THE FLORENCE RISE AND OF NORTHERN CYPRUS: PALEOGEOGRAPHIC AND STRUCTURAL IMPLICATIONS Francois Baroz,1 Daniel Bernoulli,2 Bernard Biju-Duval,3 Germaine Bizon,4 Jean-Jacques Bizon,4 and Jean Letouzey,3 REGIONAL FRAMEWORK OF THE NORTH the broad Elazig-Maden-Bitlis overthrust of late Mio- EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN cene to Pliocene age (Biju-Duval, 1974). Several reverse faults can be recognized, but the angle of The Florence Rise, on which Holes 375 and 376 thrusting is not well defined. The overthrusted se- were drilled is an arcuate submarine ridge which runs quence is composed of flysch sediments which include from the Anaximander Mountains in the west to the large exotic masses (Schmidt, 1961; Schiettecatte, island of Cyprus to the east (Figure 1). It separates the 1971) which imply important tectonic movements Antalya deep basin to the north from the Herodotus during flysch sedimentation. These flysch sequences, Abyssal Plain and the Nile Cone to the south: The generally attributed to the Oligocene-Miocene, were ridge comes up to a depth of about 2000 meters; its recently dated as Burdigalian to Serravallian (Biju- structure has been investigated only recently during a Duval et al., 1974). The tectonic emplacement of this IFP-CNEXO oceanographic cruise using multi-channel sequence during the late Miocene is in good agreement reflection seismics. with the pinch-out of the upper Miocene salt layer of The Florence Rise is a very important tectonic the Adana Basin along the flank of the structure. feature along which the extremely thick Tertiary se- Offshore, the different reverse faults can be traced to quence of the Antalya Basin thins and the thick upper Cyprus and the structure appears to correspond to an Miocene salt layer pinches out.
    [Show full text]
  • Study of the Geomorphology of Cyprus
    STUDY OF THE GEOMORPHOLOGY OF CYPRUS FINAL REPORT Unger and Kotshy (1865) – Geological Map of Cyprus PART 1/3 Main Report Metakron Consortium January 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1/3 1 Introduction 1.1 Present Investigation 1-1 1.2 Previous Investigations 1-1 1.3 Project Approach and Scope of Work 1-15 1.4 Methodology 1-16 2 Physiographic Setting 2.1 Regions and Provinces 2-1 2.2 Ammochostos Region (Am) 2-3 2.3 Karpasia Region (Ka) 2-3 2.4 Keryneia Region (Ky) 2-4 2.5 Mesaoria Region (Me) 2-4 2.6 Troodos Region (Tr) 2-5 2.7 Pafos Region (Pa) 2-5 2.8 Lemesos Region (Le) 2-6 2.9 Larnaca Region (La) 2-6 3 Geological Framework 3.1 Introduction 3-1 3.2 Terranes 3-2 3.3 Stratigraphy 3-2 4 Environmental Setting 4.1 Paleoclimate 4-1 4.2 Hydrology 4-11 4.3 Discharge 4-30 5 Geomorphic Processes and Landforms 5.1 Introduction 5-1 6 Quaternary Geological Map Units 6.1 Introduction 6-1 6.2 Anthropogenic Units 6-4 6.3 Marine Units 6-6 6.4 Eolian Units 6-10 6.5 Fluvial Units 6-11 6.6 Gravitational Units 6-14 6.7 Mixed Units 6-15 6.8 Paludal Units 6-16 6.9 Residual Units 6-18 7. Geochronology 7.1 Outcomes and Results 7-1 7.2 Sidereal Methods 7-3 7.3 Isotopic Methods 7-3 7.4 Radiogenic Methods – Luminescence Geochronology 7-17 7.5 Chemical and Biological Methods 7-88 7.6 Geomorphic Methods 7-88 7.7 Correlational Methods 7-95 8 Quaternary History 8-1 9 Geoarchaeology 9.1 Introduction 9-1 9.2 Survey of Major Archaeological Sites 9-6 9.3 Landscapes of Major Archaeological Sites 9-10 10 Geomorphosites: Recognition and Legal Framework for their Protection 10.1
    [Show full text]
  • A Description of the Historic Monuments of Cyprus. Studies in the Archaeology and Architecture of the Island
    Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028551319 NICOSIA. S. CATHARINE'S CHURCH. A DESCRIPTION OF THE Historic iftlonuments of Cyprus. STUDIES IN THE ARCHEOLOGY AND ARCHITECTURE OF THE ISLAND WITH ILLUSTRATIONS FROM MEASURED DRAWINGS AND PHOTOGRAPHS. BT GEORGE JEFFERY, F.S.A., Architect. * * * * CYPRUS: Printed by William James Archer, Government Printer, At the Government Printing Office, Nicosia. 1918. CONTENTS. ILLUSTRATIONS. Frontispiece. S. Catharine's Church facing Title . Page Arms of Henry VIII. or England on an Old Cannon . 1 Arms of de L'Isle Adam on an Old Cannon St. Catherine's Church, Nicosia, South Side Plan of Nicosia Town St. Catherine's Church, Nicosia, Plan . „ ,, „ Section Arms of Renier on Palace, Famagusta . Sea Gate and Cidadel, Famagusta Citadel of Famagusta, Elevations ,. Plans Famagusta Fortifications, The Ravelin Ancient Plan of a Ravelin Famagusta Fortifications, Moratto Bastion ,, „ Sea Gate ,, „ St. Luca Bastion St. George the Latin, Famagusta, Section Elevation Plan Plan of Famagusta Gates of Famagusta Church of Theotokos, Galata „ Paraskevi, Galata „ Archangelos, Pedoulas Trikukkia Monastery. Church of Archangelos, Pedoulas Panayia, Tris Elijes Plan of Kyrenia Castle Bellapaise, General Plan . „ Plan of Refectory „ Section of Refectory „ Pulpit in Refectory St. Nicholas, Perapedi Ay. Mavra, Kilani Panayia, Kilani The Fort at Limassol, Plan . SHOET BIBLIOGEAPHY. The Principal Books on Cyprus Archeology and Topography. Amadi, F. Chronicle (1190-1438) Paris, 1891. Bordone, B. Isolario Venice, 1528. Bruyn, C. de, Voyage (1683-1693) London, 1702.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ghosts of Famagusta
    1 The Ghosts of Famagusta by Allan Langdale In the summer of 1974 Turkey invaded Cyprus, forcibly partitioning the Island into a northern, Turkish sector and a southern region known as Greek Cyprus. The international community interpreted the Turkish exploit as an illegal annexation rather than, as the Turks saw it, a justifiable intervention to prevent the ethnic cleansing of Turkish Cypriots. When the area declared itself the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) in 1983 the international community refused to recognize it. The occupation of the north meant that only the southern two-thirds of Cyprus continued to be recognized as the legitimate nation of Cyprus, while the north has persevered— propped up by subsidies and immigrants from Turkey—as a ‘military occupied zone’, a designation that has resulted in the region’s economic and cultural isolation for the past forty years. This has had innumerable political and social ramifications for Cyprus and Cypriots, both Greek and Turkish, but one of the more urgent issues is the preservation of archaeological and cultural sites in the north, many of which have been subject to neglect for four decades. The situation has become critical for many historical sites. The following is a report on some of the challenges faced by people trying to conserve the region’s incomparably rich archaeological and architectural past. We routinely hear about the U. S. economic embargos of Cuba and North Korea, but the embargo of northern Cyprus doesn’t get much press. Yet that four decade long prohibition, observed by the United States and by virtually all of the world’s nations, is one of the decisive factors impeding efforts to save the region’s numerous archaeological sites and historical works of architecture.
    [Show full text]
  • 76 No. 21.] the STATUTE LAWS of CYPRUS: [A.D
    76 No. 21.] THE STATUTE LAWS OF CYPRUS: [A.D. 1931. No. 20 or 1931. A.D. 1931. A LAW TO CONTINUE IN OPERATION THE MUNICIPAL 20 of 1931. CORPORATIONS (MOTOR OMNIBUSES) LAW, 1930. RONALD STORRS.] [21 si December, 1931. BE it enacted :— Short title. 1. This Law may be cited as the Municipal Corporations (Motor Omnibuses) Continuance Law, 1931. Continuance 2. Notwithstanding anything contained therein, the of Law 35 of 1930. Municipal Corporations (Motor Omnibuses) Law, 1930, shall continue in force until the 31st day of December, 1932. Date of 3. This Law shall come into operation as from the 1st coming into operation. day of January, 1932. This Law was published in the Cyprus Gazette No. 2187 of the 21 si December, 1931. No. 21 OF 1931. A.D. i93i. A LAW TO MAKE PROVISION FOR CERTAIN PAYMENTS. 2i of 1931. RONALD STORRS.] [21si December, 1931. HEREAS disturbances have occurred in Cyprus and damage has been done and expense has been incurreW d in consequence thereof: AND WHEREAS such damage and expense amounts in the aggregate to thirty-four thousand three hundred and fifteen pounds : AND WHEREAS it is expedient that provision be made for the payment of the said sum : BE it enacted: — Short title. 1. This Law may be cited as the Reparation Impost Law, 1931. Imposition 2. There shall be paid to the Treasurer on or before the of impost. thirtieth day of June, 1932, by the towns and villages set out in the first schedule to this Law the amount appearing against such town or village in such schedule : Provided that the Governor may reduce all or any of such amounts or direct that any such amount may be paid by instalments.
    [Show full text]
  • (No. 1) 1943. in Exercise of the Powers Vested in Me by Virtue Of
    236 No. 263. ,ΤΗΕ DEFENCE REGULATIONS, 1940 TO (No. 1) 1943. OEDtBlIADE BY THE COMPETENT AUTHORITY UNDER REGULATION 61. In exercise of the powers vested in me by virtue of my appointment by the Governor as the Competent Authority for the purposes of regulation 61 of the Defence Regulations, 1940 to (No. 1) 1943, ί hereby order as follows :— °l. This Order may be cited as the Defence (Control of Fuel and Charcoal) (Amendment) Order, 1943, and shall be read as one with the Defence (Control of Gazette: Fuel and Charcoal) Order, 1943, (hereinafter referred to as " the principal Order") Supplement and the principal Order and this Order may together be cited as the Defence (Control jq-0> 3 . of Fuel and Charcoal) Orders, 1943. 17.6.1943 2. The Third Schedule to the principal Order is hereby deleted and the following Schedule substituted therefor :— - " THIRD SCHEDULE. PRICES. FUELWOOD. (1) (2) Description : Description : Fuelwood of pine, acacia, Fuelwood of any species other cypress or jumper. than those specified in column (1). Town Paras per oke Shillings per Paras per oke Shillings per cord cord. Nicosia . .... 30 66 40 Ill Larnaca · ... 30 66 30 66 Limassol 25 55 35 77 Ktima . 21 45 21 45 Famagusta 27 45 40 111 Kyrenia 21 45 21 45 SLABWOOD. Lefka Municipal Are a, Xeros, Karavostasi, Petra, 2s. 4i;p. per donkey load for Sko uriot issa, Pe ndayia and Ghazi ^era. retail s ales. Provided that— (a) where fuelwood is cut into sizes not exceeding 12 inches in length an additional charge not exceeding 3 paras per oke or 60 piastres per cord may be made for the cutting; and (b) where fuelwood is delivered at the house of the consumer within a radius of 2 miles from the office of the Commissioner of tho district in which the town is situated an additional charge not exceeding 3£ paras per oke or 70 piastres per cord may be made for transport.
    [Show full text]
  • 7 ZAVAGNO Zlom.Qxp Sestava 1
    Zavagno — Kızılduman, A Countryside in Transition: The Galinoporni-Kaleburnu Plain (Cyprus) ... 233–251 A Countryside in Transition: The Galinoporni-Kaleburnu Plain (Cyprus) in the Passage from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages (ca. 600 – ca. 850) Měnící se krajina: planina Galinoporni-Kaleburnu (SV Kypr) na přechodu mezi pozdní antikou a raným středověkem (ca 600 – ca 850) Luca Zavagno — Bülent Kızılduman Předloženo redakci v září 2016, upravená verze v dubnu 2018 This paper aims to both tip the chronologically-unbalanced rural surveys conducted on the island of Cyprus in the last decades (as focusing almost exclusively on the Roman and Late Antique period) and re-assess the traditional historiographical interpretation of the fate of local rural settlements and population in the passage from Late Antiquity to the early Middle Ages (i.e. between the late sixth to the early ninth century). Indeed, we cannot simply take for granted that at the time under scrutiny Cyprus was overwhelmed by Arab incursions turning the island into a no man’s land, severing commercial and shipping routes, bringing to an end any economic, social and cultural form of life in the countryside, causing massive depopulation and abandonment of prosperous rural villages along the coasts in favor of hastily built and fortified (often seasonal) hilltop settlements. In the light of the latter remark, the authors will use the preliminary results of a recent extensive rural survey conducted in the plain of Galinoporni/Kaleburnu on the Karpas peninsula to propose a picture of the Cypriot landscape as characterized by the early medieval resilience of the varied range of rural settlements (farms, hamlets and villages) dating back to previous centuries and by the lack of any catastrophic occupational gaps after the mid-seventh century.
    [Show full text]
  • 215 No. 226. the ELECTIONS (HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES and COMMUNAL CHAMBERS) LAWS, 1959 and 1960
    215 No. 226. THE ELECTIONS (HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AND COMMUNAL CHAMBERS) LAWS, 1959 AND 1960. ORDER MADE UNDER SECTION 19(1). In exercise of the powers vested in him by section 19 (1) of the Elections (House of Representatives and Communal Chambers) Laws, 1959 and 1960, His Excellency the Governor has been pleased to make the following Order :— 1. This Order may be cited as the Elections (House of Representatives and Communal Chambers) (Turkish Polling Districts) Order, 1960. 2. For the purpose of holding a poll for the election of Turkish members of the House of Representatives, and for the election of members of the Turkish Communal Chambers, the six Turkish constituencies in Cyprus shall be divided into the polling districts set out in the first column of the Schedule hereto, the names of the towns or villages the area of which comprise such polling district being shown in the second column of the said Schedule opposite thereto. SCHEDULE. The Turkish Constituency of Nicosia. Town or Villages included Polling District in Polling District Nicosia Town Nicosia Town Kutchuk Kaimakli (a) Kutchuk Kaimakli (b) Kaimakli (c) Η amid Mandres (d) Eylenja (e) Palouriotissa Geunycli (a) Geunyeli (b) Kanlikeuy Ortakeuy (a) Ortakeuy (b) Trachonas (c) Ay. Dhometios (d) Engomi Peristerona (a) Peristerona (b) Akaki (c) Dhenia (d) Eliophotes (e) Orounda Skylloura (a) Skylloura (b) Ay. Vassilios (c) Ay. Marina (Skyllouras) '(d) Dhyo Potami Epicho (a) Epicho (b) Bey Keuy (c) Neochorio (d) Palekythro (e) Kythrea Yenidje Keuy (a) Yenidje Keuy (b) Kourou Monastir (c) Kallivakia Kotchati (a) Kotchati (b) Nissou (c) Margi (d) Analiondas (e) Kataliondas Mathiatis Mathiatis Potamia (a) Potamia (b) Dhali (c) Ay.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Items-In-Cyprus - Chronological Files
    UN Secretariat Item Scan - Barcode - Record Title Page 119 Date 15/06/2006 Time 9:27:40 AM S-0903-0007-01-00001 Expanded Number S-0903-0007-01 -00001 Title items-in-Cyprus - chronological files Date Created 26/01/1978 Record Type Archival Item Container S-0903-0007: Peackeeping - Cyprus 1971-1981 Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit AREA CODE 2,5,1986-3361986.33610 ^ /../ . PERMANENT MISSION OF THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS TO THE UNITED NATIONS BZO SECOND AVENUE NEW YORK, N. Y. IOOI7 Ref: 2002/77/2 Excellency, I have the honour to refer to the decision of the President of Cyprus, Mr. Kyprianou, to visit during this month the Greek Cypriot citizens of the Republic in the occupied area of Karpass. This decision, together with a request that the necessary facilities might be provided by the United Nations, was communicated yesterday to your Special Representative, Ambassador Galindo Pohl, who undertook to communicate with the Secretary-General on the subject. Sub- sequently, Ambassador Pohl informed the Ministry of Foreign Affairs that Mr. Denktash places conditions for such visit, to the effect that a letter by the President of the Republic should be addressed to him as President of the so-called "Turkish Federated State of Cyprus", or that a meeting between them be arranged to discuss the matter. The President has the legitimate and fundamental right to visit citizens of the Republic in any part of the territory, particularly when, as in this case, the visit is motivated purely by humanitarian reasons, having regard to the situation of the Greek Cypriot citizens in the Karpass.
    [Show full text]