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Eksplorasi Tumbuhan Obat Pada Kawasan Hutan Lindung Simandar Kecamatan Sumbul Kabupaten Dairi Sumatera Utara

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Eksplorasi Tumbuhan Obat Pada Kawasan Hutan Lindung Simandar Kecamatan Sumbul Kabupaten Dairi Sumatera Utara EKSPLORASI TUMBUHAN OBAT PADA KAWASAN HUTAN LINDUNG SIMANDAR KECAMATAN SUMBUL KABUPATEN DAIRI SUMATERA UTARA SKRIPSI Aath Atiqa Siregar 131201087 DEPARTEMEN KONSERVASI SUMBERDAYA HUTAN FAKULTAS KEHUTANAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2018 ABSTRAK AAT ATIQA SIREGAR. 131201087. Eksplorasi Tumbuhan Obat Pada Kawasan Hutan Lindung Simandar, Kecamatan Sumbul, Kabupaten Dairi, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Dibawah bimbingan YUNUS AFIFUDDIN S.Hut, Msi. Dan LAMEK MARPAUNG, M.phil., Ph.D. Penelitian yang di lakukan Di Hutan Lindung Simandar Kecamatan Sumbul Kabupaten Dairi Sumatera Utara, bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi dan keberadaan tumbuhan obat pada Hutan Lindung Simandar, dan melakukan analisis metabolit sekunder, identifikasi jenis tumbuhan obat yang di percaya masyarakat setempat sebagai obat tradisional. Dengan metode penelitian dilakukan 3 tahapan yaitu aspek Pengetahuan Lokal, Aspek Keanekaragaman tumbuhan obat dan analisis Aspek Fitokimia dengan mengedintifikasi kandungan Metabolit Sekunder. Hasil penelitian yang di lakukan di hutan lindung simandar terdapat 28 jenis tumbuhan obat. Tumbuhan obat yang paling banyak di jumpai ialah tumbuhan paku – pakuan. Uji skrining metabolit sekunder tumbuhan obat dilakukan pada tumbuhan Tatan ayam (Selaginella doederleinii Hieron.) dan Artok (Sonchus arvensis L.). Kata kunci : Tumbuhan obat, hutan lindung simandar, metabolit sekunder ABSTRACT AAT ATIQA SIREGAR. 131201087. Exploration of Medicinal Plants at Protected Forest Area Simandar, District Sumbul, Dairi Regency, North Sumatra Province. Under the guidance of YUNUS AFIFUDDIN S.Hut, Msi. And LAMEK MARPAUNG, M.phil., Ph.D. Research conducted in Simandar Protected Forest in Sumbul District of Dairi Regency of North Sumatra, aims to know the potential and existence of medicinal plants in Simandar Protected Forest, and to conduct secondary metabolite analysis, identification of medicinal plant species believed to be local community as traditional medicine. With the method of research done 3 stages namely aspects of Local Knowledge, Aspects of Diversity of medicinal plants and analysis of Phytochemical Aspects by certifying secondary metabolite content. Results of research conducted in protected forest simandar there are 28 types of medicinal plants. The most commonly encountered medicinal plants are ferns. The secondary metabolite screening test of medicinal plants was performed on the Tatan ayam (Selaginella doederleinii Hieron.) And Artok (Sonchus arvensis L.). Keywords: Medicinal plants, simandar protected forest, secondary metabolites RIWAYAT HIDUP Penulis di lahirkan di Kota Madya Pematangsiantar pada tanggal 09 Maret 1996 sebagai anak ke enam dari tujuh bersaudara dari ayah bernama Zulkipli Siregar dan ibu bernama Masdelima Marpaung. Penulis memulai pendidikan formal dari Sekolah Dasar di SD 122376 Pematangsiantar, pada tahun 2001 dan lulus pada tahun 2007. Pada tahun 2007 penulis melanjutkan pendidikan Sekolah Menengah Pertama di SMP Negeri 3 Pematangsiantar dan lulus pada tahun 2010. Pada tahun yang sama penulis melanjutkan pendidikan ke Jenjang Sekolah Menengah Atas di Perguruan Tamansiswa Kota Madya Pematangsiantar Provinsi Sumatera Utara, dan lulus pada tahun 2013. Pada tahun yang sama penulis melanjutkan pendidikan di Perguruan Tinggi Negeri Universitas Sumatera Utara, di terima di Fakultas Kehutanan, melalui jalur Undangan Bidikmisi. Pada semester VII penulis terdaftar sebagai mahasiswa minat konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan. Penulis telah melaksanakan kegiatan Peraktik Pengenalan Ekosistem Hutan (P2EH) di Hutan Diklat Pondok Buluh Kecamatan Dolok Panribuan Kabupaten Simalungun Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Kegiatan P2EH dilakukan selama 10 hari, penulis juga telah melaksanakan Peraktik Kerja Lapangan (PKL) di Taman Nasional Batang Gadis kabupaten mandailing natal pada tahun 2017 selama 1 bulan. Selain mengikuti kegiatan perkuliahan penulis juga mengikuti organisasi kemahasiswaan di HIMAS (Himpunanan Mahasiswa Sylva USU) dan organisasi kemahasiswaan JIMKI (Jaringan Intlektual Mahasiswa Kehutanan Islam ). Penulis juga mengikuti organisasi dari daerah kota Pematangsiantar yaitu bentuk organisasi kemahasiswaan IMSTAR (ikatan Mahasiswa Siantar) yang baru terbentuk pada tahun 2016. Pada tahun 2017 penulis fokus mengerjakan skripsi sebagai salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar saarjana kehutanan. KATA PENGANTAR Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Allah SWT atas rahmat dan Karunia-Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Penelitian ini. Adapun judul penelitian ini adalah “Eksplorasi Tumbuhan Obat Pada Kawasan Hutan Lindung Simandar Kabupaten Dairi Sumatera Utara”. Dan di harapkan dapat memberikan informasi mengenai tumbuhan obat sehingga dapat memberikan masukan bagi pihak yang memerlukan. Penulisan hasil penelitian ini merupakan salah satu syarat untuk menjadi Sarjana Kehutanan. Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada : 1. Orang tua penulis, Ayah Zulkipli Siregar dan Ibu Masdelima marpaung yang telah memberikan doa dan kasih sayang serta dorongan materi kepada penulis. Serta terima kasih kepada keenam saudara saya, Siti Rahima Siregar, Sofia Anggraini Siregar, Siti Indah Siregar, Siti Holijah Siregar, Muhammad Sultan Haulian Siregar dan adek saya Samina Siregar, yang banyak memberikan dorongan dan Semangat yang Besar buat penulis. 2. Bapak Yunus Afifuddin, S.Hut, M.Si. Sebagai ketua komisi pembimbing dan Bapak Lamek Marpaung, M.Pil.,Ph.D Sebagai anggota komisi pembimbing yang telah memberikan bantuan, masukan, serta saran dalam pembuatan hasil penelitian ini. Sehingga penelitian ini dapat di selesaikan dengan baik. 3. Ibu Siti Latifah, S.Hut, M.Si, Ph.D. Selaku dekan Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Sumatera Utara beserta semua staf pengajar dan pegawai di Fakultas Kehutanan. 4. Teman-teman 1 tim penelitian Sidikalang yaitu Mariana Hutasoit, Yunita Panjaitan, Layla Silvia dan Abangda Zulhamdi Saragih. 5. Teman-teman tim burger yaitu Muhammad Yusuf, Ulfi Rahmi, Ulvha Dwi utami, Dimas Adji, Faisal Ridho, Siti Fatimah yang telah memberikan dukungan dan kesediaan waktunya membantu penulis dalam menyelesaikan penelitian ini. 6. Teman satu stambuk 2013 khusus Alumni kelas Hut B,yang tak dapat disebut satu persatu yang telah memberikan semangat juang selama penulis menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 7. Sahabat dikampung halaman yang tak luput selalu memberikan dukungan dan doa kepada penulis yaitu Eki nurogustiati, Dewi susanti dan Satria Dimas. 8. Keluarga angkat di medan yang selalu membantu dan memberikan banyak bantuan serta doa kepada penulis yaitu keluarga Besar Bapak bangkit sitepu. 9. Teman-teman satu rumah kosan yang selalu memberi dukungan penuh buat penulis menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Penulis menyadari masih banyak kekurangan dalam skripsi ini, akhir kata penulis berharap semoga hasil penelitian ini bermanfaat dan menjadi sumber informasi bagi pihak yang membutuhkan. Medan, Maret 2018 Penulis DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................ i DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................ iii DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................. iv DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................. v DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .......................................................................... vi PENDAHULUAN Latar Belakang ............................................................................. 1 Tujuan Penelitian ......................................................................... 2 Manfaat penelitian ....................................................................... 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA Tumbuhan Obat .......................................................................... 3 Potensi Tumbuhan Obat ............................................................... 4 Penelitian Tentang Tumbuhan OBat ............................................ 4 Kondisi Umum Hutan Lindung Simandar.................................... 5 Metabolit Sekunder....................................................................... 5 METODE PENELITIAN Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian ...................................................... 9 Alat dan Bahan ............................................................................ 9 Prosedur Penelitian ...................................................................... 10 Aspek Pengetahuan Lokal .................................................. 10 Aspek Keanekaragaman……………………………… ..... 10 Analisis Data ………………………………………. ........ 11 Aspek Fitokimia ................................................................ 12 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Aspek Pengetahuan Lokal ............................................................ 14 Deskripsi Tumbuhan Obat Yang Ditemukan Di Hutan Lindung Simandar................................................................... .................... 17 Tingkat Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Obat Di kawasan Hutan Lindung Simandar........................................................ ................. 46 Analisis Data Tumbuhan Obat................................................... ... 48 Aspek Fitokimia ........................................................................... 50 Aktifitas flafonoid / tanin .................................................... 51 Aktifitas Terpen .................................................................. 52 Aktifitas Saponin ................................................................. 52 Aktifitas Alkoloid .............................................................
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