521St AIR MOBILITY OPERATIONS WING
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The Origination and Evolution of Radio Traffic Analysis: World War II
DOCID: 3860741 UNCLASSIFIED The Origination and Evolution of Radio Traffic Analysis: World War II ( b ) ( 3 ) - E' . L . 86 - 3 6 ____I ··· Tb;• artitle it UNCLASSJF1ED OJrcept for the author's biography which is classified as marked. The bombing of the Philippines by the Japanese on 8 December 1941 came as a shock to the United States even though some Americans were braced for other attacks following the infamy of Pearl Harbor the previous day.1 After the near destruction of the U.S . fleet in Hawaii, the Japanese were focused on the rows of B-17s and P-40s parked neatly in the mid-day sun at Clark Field. MacArthur's air force was destroyed on the ground on that Monday afternoon without a fight. On that day, Lieutenant Howard W. Brown, a radio intelligence veteran attached to the Second Signal Service Company at Manila, changed the mission of the Army intercept unit from Japanese diplomatic to potentially more lucrative air force communications and began reconstructing the tactical military nets serving the attacking Japanese. Thus began U.S. Army radio traffic analysis in World War II. In Europe, our entry into the war spurred closer cooperation with British signals intelligence. Radio traffic analysis, as indeed the entire field of Sigint, was comprehensively developed by the British following more than two years of war with the Germans. Bletchley Park, home of Britain's Government Code and Cipher School (GC&CS), became the center of Allied Sigint efforts in World War II. This included the preparation and training of U.S. -
United States Air Force and Its Antecedents Published and Printed Unit Histories
UNITED STATES AIR FORCE AND ITS ANTECEDENTS PUBLISHED AND PRINTED UNIT HISTORIES A BIBLIOGRAPHY EXPANDED & REVISED EDITION compiled by James T. Controvich January 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTERS User's Guide................................................................................................................................1 I. Named Commands .......................................................................................................................4 II. Numbered Air Forces ................................................................................................................ 20 III. Numbered Commands .............................................................................................................. 41 IV. Air Divisions ............................................................................................................................. 45 V. Wings ........................................................................................................................................ 49 VI. Groups ..................................................................................................................................... 69 VII. Squadrons..............................................................................................................................122 VIII. Aviation Engineers................................................................................................................ 179 IX. Womens Army Corps............................................................................................................ -
1 17A Stealth Fighter Organizations
HISTORY AND LINEAGE OF THE F- 1 17A STEALTH FIGHTER ORGANIZATIONS DECEMBER 1991 SPECIAL STUDY HO-91-2 OFFICE OF HIST RY HEADQUARTERS, 37TH FPGHTER WING TWELFTH AIR FORCE TACTICAL AIR COMMAND INTRODUCTION In 1978, the Air Force awarded a full-scale development contract for the F-117A Stealth Fighter to Lockheed Corporation's Advanced Development Projects (the famous Skunk Works). Thirty- one months later, on 18 June 1981, the F-117A made its first flight. Meanwhile, the Tactical Air Command (TAC) decided to set up a group-level organization to guide the F-117A to an initial operating capability. That organization became the 4450th Tactical Group (TG), which officially activated on 15 October 1979 at Nellis AFB, Nevada. The 4450 TG began flying operations in 1981 from the Tonopah Test Range Airfield, located approximately 130 miles northwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. Lockheed test pilots put the Stealth Fighter through its early paces. The 4450 TG also operated the A-7D as a surrogate trainer for the F-l17A, and these operations continued until 15 October 1982 under the guise of an avionics test mis- sion. October 15th is important to the program because on that date Maj Alton C. Whitley, Jr. became the first 4450 TG pilot to fly the F-117A. The 4450 TG then achieved an initial operating capability with the F-117A in October 1983. The 4450 TG's mission continued to evolve under a cloak of secrecy--all Tonopah training flights conducted at night under the cover of darkness--until late 1988. On 10 November 1988, the Air Force brought the F-117A from behind a "black veil" by publicly acknowledging its existence. -
1945-12-11 GO-116 728 ROB Central Europe Campaign Award
GO 116 SWAR DEPARTMENT No. 116. WASHINGTON 25, D. C.,11 December- 1945 UNITS ENTITLED TO BATTLE CREDITS' CENTRAL EUROPE.-I. Announcement is made of: units awarded battle par- ticipation credit under the provisions of paragraph 21b(2), AR 260-10, 25 October 1944, in the.Central Europe campaign. a. Combat zone.-The.areas occupied by troops assigned to the European Theater of" Operations, United States Army, which lie. beyond a line 10 miles west of the Rhine River between Switzerland and the Waal River until 28 March '1945 (inclusive), and thereafter beyond ..the east bank of the Rhine.. b. Time imitation.--22TMarch:,to11-May 1945. 2. When'entering individual credit on officers' !qualiflcation cards. (WD AGO Forms 66-1 and 66-2),or In-the service record of enlisted personnel. :(WD AGO 9 :Form 24),.: this g!neial Orders may be ited as: authority forsuch. entries for personnel who were present for duty ".asa member of orattached' to a unit listed&at, some time-during the'limiting dates of the Central Europe campaign. CENTRAL EUROPE ....irst Airborne Army, Headquarters aMd 1st Photographic Technical Unit. Headquarters Company. 1st Prisoner of War Interrogation Team. First Airborne Army, Military Po1ie,e 1st Quartermaster Battalion, Headquar- Platoon. ters and Headquarters Detachment. 1st Air Division, 'Headquarters an 1 1st Replacementand Training Squad- Headquarters Squadron. ron. 1st Air Service Squadron. 1st Signal Battalion. 1st Armored Group, Headquarters and1 1st Signal Center Team. Headquarters 3attery. 1st Signal Radar Maintenance Unit. 19t Auxiliary Surgical Group, Genera]1 1st Special Service Company. Surgical Team 10. 1st Tank DestroyerBrigade, Headquar- 1st Combat Bombardment Wing, Head- ters and Headquarters Battery.: quarters and Headquarters Squadron. -
Conquering the Night Army Air Forces Night Fighters at War
The U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II Conquering the Night Army Air Forces Night Fighters at War PRINTER: strip in FIGURE NUMBER A-1 Shoot at 277% bleed all sides Stephen L. McFarland A Douglas P–70 takes off for a night fighter training mission, silhouetted by the setting Florida sun. 2 The U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II Conquering the Night Army Air Forces Night Fighters at War Stephen L. McFarland AIR FORCE HISTORY AND MUSEUMS PROGRAM 1998 Conquering the Night Army Air Forces Night Fighters at War The author traces the AAF’s development of aerial night fighting, in- cluding technology, training, and tactical operations in the North African, European, Pacific, and Asian theaters of war. In this effort the United States never wanted for recruits in what was, from start to finish, an all-volunteer night fighting force. Cut short the night; use some of it for the day’s business. — Seneca For combatants, a constant in warfare through the ages has been the sanctuary of night, a refuge from the terror of the day’s armed struggle. On the other hand, darkness has offered protection for operations made too dangerous by daylight. Combat has also extended into the twilight as day has seemed to provide too little time for the destruction demanded in modern mass warfare. In World War II the United States Army Air Forces (AAF) flew night- time missions to counter enemy activities under cover of darkness. Allied air forces had established air superiority over the battlefield and behind their own lines, and so Axis air forces had to exploit the night’s protection for their attacks on Allied installations. -
Unclassified Xxix S E C\E T
A. Fighter; Total claims against enemy aircraft during the month were 39-0-13 in the air and 1-0-2 on the ground. Missions 25 Sorties 296 d. Flak.— XIX TAC aircraft losses for the month because of flak Tons Bombs on Tgts 128 were unusually high. Out of the 50 aircraft lost, 35 were victims of Tons Frags 14.69 flak. The enemy, realizing that the greatest threat to the success of Tons Napalm 7.15 its ARD3NNBS salient was American air power, built up a very strong Tons Incendiaries 10.25 anti-aircraft defense around the entire area. Rockets 22 Claims (air) 4-1-1 The TTY TAC A-2 Flak Officer, reporting near the end of the Geraan retreat from the Bulge area, said: B. Reconnaissance: "The proportion of flak protection to troops and area involved (in Tac/R Sorties 58/36 1. INTRODUCTION. the ARDENNES area) was higher than in any previous operation in this P/R Sorties 7/6 war's history. Artillery sorties 4/2 a. General.— opening the year of 1945, the XIX Tactical Air Com mand-Third US Army team had a big job on its hands before it could re "Flak units were apparently given the highest priorities in supply C. Night Fighter: sume the assault of the SIEGFRIED LINE. The German breakthrough into of fuel and ammunition. They must also have been given a great degree of the ARDENNES had been checked but not yet smashed. The enemy columns freedom in moving over roads always taxed to capacity. Sorties 15 which had surged toward the MEUSE were beginning to withdraw, for the Claims (air) 1-0-0 v wily Rundstedt's best-laid plans had been wrecked on the rock of BAS "In addition to the tremendous quantities of mobile flak assigned TOGNS. -
Readiness at Risk
February 2013/$5 Readiness at Risk Living Boneyard Air Dominance Lessons From WWII, Korea, and Vietnam Unconventional. Undetectable. Undeniable. The F-35A Lightning II delivers the 21st century capabilities U.S. and thE F-35 lightning ii tEAM allied forces need. An innovative combination of stealth, speed, NORTHROP GRUMMAN f-35 and cutting-edge sensors allows it to fly through or slip past BAE SYSTEMS lightning ii advanced air defenses, virtually undetected. Superior battlespace PRATT & WHITNEY awareness leaves the enemy nowhere to hide. And that gives lOCKhEED MARtin pilots unprecedented power to engage the target and return home. The F-35A Lightning II. Rising to the challenges of the 21st century. See it in action – F35.com. 301-64993_F35_Unconventional_AFM.indd 1 10/4/12 5:04 PM February 2013, Vol. 96, No. 2 Publisher Craig R. McKinley Editor in Chief Adam J. Hebert Editorial [email protected] Editor Suzann Chapman Executive Editors Michael Sirak John A. Tirpak Senior Editors Amy McCullough 26 Marc V. Schanz FEATURES Associate Editor Aaron M. U. Church 4 Editorial: The Perils of Air Parity By Adam J. Hebert Contributors USAF must preserve readiness, keep Walter J. Boyne, Jack Broughton, John modernization on track, and retain top- T. Correll, Robert S. Dudney, Rebecca notch airmen as funds decline. Grant, Peter Grier, Richard P. Hallion, Marina Malenic 26 Sharpening the Nuclear Sword By Aaron M. U. Church Production [email protected] Air Force Global Strike Command’s Managing Editor bombers and missile forces are at an Juliette Kelsey Chagnon increasing level of readiness. Assistant Managing Editor 32 Living Boneyard Frances McKenney By John A. -
Allied Expeditionary Air Force 6 June 1944
Allied Expeditionary Air Force 6 June 1944 HEADQUARTERS ALLIED EXPEDITIONARY AIR FORCE No. 38 Group 295th Squadron (Albemarle) 296th Squadron (Albemarle) 297th Squadron (Albemarle) 570th Squadron (Albemarle) 190th Squadron (Stirling) 196th Squadron (Stirling) 299th Squadron (Stirling) 620th Squadron (Stirling) 298th Squadron (Halifax) 644th Squadron (Halifax) No 45 Group 48th Squadron (C-47 Dakota) 233rd Squadron (C-47 Dakota) 271st Squadron (C-47 Dakota) 512th Squadron (C-47 Dakota) 575th Squadron (C-47 Dakota) SECOND TACTICAL AIR FORCE No. 34 Photographic Reconnaissance Group 16th Squadron (Spitfire) 140th Squadron (Mosquito) 69th Squadron (Wellington) Air Spotting Pool 808th Fleet Air Arm Squadron (Seafire) 885th Fleet Air Arm Squadron (Seafire) 886th Fleet Air Arm Squadron (Seafire) 897th Fleet Air Arm Squadron (Seafire) 26th Squadron (Spitfire) 63rd Squadron (Spitfire) No. 2 Group No. 137 Wing 88th Squadron (Boston) 342nd Squadron (Boston) 226th Squadron (B-25) No. 138 Wing 107th Squadron (Mosquito) 305th Squadron (Mosquito) 613th Squadron (Mosquito) NO. 139 Wing 98th Squadron (B-25) 180th Squadron (B-25) 320th Squadron (B-25) No. 140 Wing 21st Squadron (Mosquito) 464th (RAAF) Squadron (Mosquito) 487t (RNZAF) Squadron (Mosquito) No. 83 Group No. 39 Reconnaissance Wing 168th Squadron (P-51 Mustang) 414th (RCAF) Squadron (P-51 Mustang) 430th (RCAF) Squadron (P-51 Mustang) 1 400th (RCAF) Squadron (Spitfire) No. 121 Wing 174th Squadron (Typhoon) 175th Squadron (Typhoon) 245th Squadron (Typhoon) No. 122 Wing 19th Squadron (P-51 Mustang) 65th Squadron (P-51 Mustang) 122nd Squadron (P-51 Mustang) No. 124 Wing 181st Squadron (Typhoon) 182nd Squadron (Typhoon) 247th Squadron (Typhoon) No. 125 Wing 132nd Squadron (Spitfire) 453rd (RAAF) Squadron (Spitfire) 602nd Squadron (Spitfire) No. -
Historical Brief Installations and Usaaf Combat Units In
HISTORICAL BRIEF INSTALLATIONS AND USAAF COMBAT UNITS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 1942 - 1945 REVISED AND EXPANDED EDITION OFFICE OF HISTORY HEADQUARTERS THIRD AIR FORCE UNITED STATES AIR FORCES IN EUROPE OCTOBER 1980 REPRINTED: FEBRUARY 1985 FORE~ORD to the 1967 Edition Between June 1942 ~nd Oecemhcr 1945, 165 installations in the United Kingdom were used by combat units of the United States Army Air I"orce~. ;\ tota) of three numbered .,lr forl'es, ninc comllklnds, frJur ;jfr divi'iions, )} w1.l\~H, Illi j(r,IUpl', <lnd 449 squadron!'! were at onE' time or another stationed in ',r'!;rt r.rftaIn. Mnny of tlal~ airrll'lds hnvc been returned to fann land, others havl' houses st.lnding wh~rr:: t'lying Fortr~ss~s and 1.lbcratorR nllce were prepared for their mis.'ilons over the Continent, Only;l few rcm:l.1n ;IS <Jpcr.Jt 11)11., 1 ;'\frfll'ldH. This study has been initl;ltcd by the Third Air Force Historical Division to meet a continuin~ need for accurate information on the location of these bases and the units which they served. During the pas t several years, requests for such information from authors, news media (press and TV), and private individuals has increased. A second study coverin~ t~e bases and units in the United Kingdom from 1948 to the present is programmed. Sources for this compilation included the records on file in the Third Air Force historical archives: Maurer, Maurer, Combat Units of World War II, United States Government Printing Office, 1960 (which also has a brief history of each unit listed); and a British map, "Security Released Airfields 1n the United Kingdom, December 1944" showing the locations of Royal Air Force airfields as of December 1944. -
The Fighting Five-Tenth: One Fighter-Bomber Squadron's
The Fighting Five-Tenth: One Fighter-Bomber Squadron’s Experience during the Development of World War II Tactical Air Power by Adrianne Lee Hodgin Bruce A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama December 14, 2013 Keywords: World War II, fighter squadrons, tactical air power, P-47 Thunderbolt, European Theater of Operations Copyright 2013 by Adrianne Lee Hodgin Bruce Approved by William Trimble, Chair, Alumni Professor of History Alan Meyer, Assistant Professor of History Mark Sheftall, Associate Professor of History Abstract During the years between World War I and World War II, many within the Army Air Corps (AAC) aggressively sought an independent air arm and believed that strategic bombardment represented an opportunity to inflict severe and dramatic damages on the enemy while operating autonomously. In contrast, working in cooperation with ground forces, as tactical forces later did, was viewed as a subordinate role to the army‘s infantry and therefore upheld notions that the AAC was little more than an alternate means of delivering artillery. When President Franklin Delano Roosevelt called for a significantly expanded air arsenal and war plan in 1939, AAC strategists saw an opportunity to make an impression. Eager to exert their sovereignty, and sold on the efficacy of heavy bombers, AAC leaders answered the president‘s call with a strategic air doctrine and war plans built around the use of heavy bombers. The AAC, renamed the Army Air Forces (AAF) in 1941, eventually put the tactical squadrons into play in Europe, and thus tactical leaders spent 1943 and the beginning of 1944 preparing tactical air units for three missions: achieving and maintaining air superiority, isolating the battlefield, and providing air support for ground forces. -
Air Power for Patton's Army
AIR POWER FOR PATTON’S ARMY The XIX Tactical Air Command in the Second World War David N. Spires Air Force History and Museums Program Washington, D. C. 2002 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Spires, David N. Air Power for Patton’s Army : the XIX Tactical Air Command in the Second World War / David N. Spires. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. World War, 1939-1945—Aerial operations, American. 2. United States. Army Air Forces. Tactical Air Command, 19th—History. 3. World War, 1939- 1945—Campaigns—Western Front. 4. Close air sup- port—History—20th century. 5. United States. Army. Army, 3rd—History. I. Title. D790 .S65 2002 940.54’4973—dc21 2002000903 In Memory of Colonel John F. “Fred” Shiner, USAF (1942–1995) Foreword This insightful work by David N. Spires holds many lessons in tacti- cal air-ground operations. Despite peacetime rivalries in the drafting of service doctrine, in World War II the immense pressures of wartime drove army and air commanders to cooperate in the effective prosecution of battlefield opera- tions. In northwest Europe during the war, the combination of the U.S. Third Army commanded by Lt. Gen. George S. Patton and the XIX Tactical Air Command led by Brig. Gen. Otto P. Weyland proved to be the most effective allied air-ground team of World War II. The great success of Patton’s drive across France, ultimately crossing the Rhine, and then racing across southern Germany, owed a great deal to Weyland’s airmen of the XIX Tactical Air Command. This deft cooperation paved the way for allied victory in Westren Europe and today remains a clas- sic example of air-ground effectiveness. -
Air Superiority in World War II and Korea Is Part of a Continuing Series of Historical Studies from the Office of Air Force History in Support of Project Warrior
AIR SUPERIORITY IN WORLD WAR I1 AND KOREA An interview with Gen. James Ferguson, Gen. Robert M. Lee, Gen. William Momyer, and Lt. Gen. Elwood R. Quesada Edited with an introduction by Richard H. Kohn and Joseph P. Harahan OFFICE OF AIR FORCE HISTORY UNITED STATES AIR FORCE WASHINGTON, D.C. 1983 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Air superiority in World War I1 and Korea (USAF warrior studies) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. World Wdr, 1939-1945-Aerial operations, American. 2. Korean War, 1950-1953-Aerial operations, American. 3. Air power. 4. Generals-United States-Interviews, I. Kohn, Richard H. 11. Harahan, Joseph P. 111. United States. Air Force. Office of Air Force History. IV. Series. D790.A73 1983 940.54'4973 83-2436 ISBN 0-912799-00-5 Project Warrior Studies are published by the Office of Air Force History. The views expressed in this publication are those of the interview partici- pants and do not necessarily reflect the policies of the United States Air Force or the Department of Defense. Per sale by the Superintendent of Documents. U.S. Government Printlng Office Washington, D.C. 20402 iv Foreword The publication of Air Superiority in World War II and Korea is part of a continuing series of historical studies from the Office of Air Force History in support of Project Warrior. Project Warrior seeks to create and maintain within the Air Force an environment where Air Force people at all levels can learn from the past and apply the warfighting experiences of past generations to the present.