INTRODUCTION, PART ONE 1. Karl Schuhmann, Husser
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NOTES (Complete references to works cited are given in the main Bibliog raphy) INTRODUCTION, PART ONE 1. Karl Schuhmann, Husserl Chronik. Denk- und Lebensweg Edmund Husserls, pp. 32, 41. 2. Published in Philos. Monatshe/t, 30 (1894), pp. 159-191; reprinted in Edmund Husserl, Aufsiitze und Rezensionen (1890-1910) (=Hus serliana XXII), pp. 92-123; English translation by R. Hudson and P. McCormick, Husserl, Shorter Works, pp. 126-141. 3. Schuhmann, p. 41. Some of this chapter was rewritten and in cluded in Ideas, First Book, Part I. See F. Kersten, "The Origin ality of Gurwitsch's Theory of Intentionality," pp. 19-28. 4. Schuhmann, p. 46. See also Edmund Husserl, Logische Unter suchungen. Erster Band: Prolegomena zur reinen Logik, Vierte Auflage (hereinafter LU 12), p. XII; English translation by J.N. Findlay, Vol. 1, pp. 46f. 5. See Edmund Husserl, Logische Untersuchungen. Erster Theil: Prolegomena zur reinen Logik (Halle, 1900; hereinafter LUll), "Vorwort." For the textual history of the composition of the Prolegomena, see the Introduction of Elmar Holenstein, Edmund Husserl, Logische Untersuchungen. Erster Band: Prolegomena zur reinen Logik. Text der 1. und der 2. Auflage (=Husserliana XVIII), pp. XIXff. 6. Reprinted in Husserl, Aufsiitze und Rezensionen (1890-1910), pp. 124-151. 7. See Schuhmann, p. 64, and p. 64, note 1. 8. A few examples are the following: Wilhelm Schapp, Beitriige zur Phiinomenologie der Wahrnehmung (Gottingen, 1910); Theodor Conrad, Zur Wesenslehre des psychischen Lebens und Erlebens. Mit einem Geleitwort von H.L. Van Breda; Alexander Pf~nder, "Zur Psychologie der Gesinnungen," Jahrbuch fur Philosophie und phiinomenologische Forschung, herausgegeben von Edmund Hus serl, Vol. 1 (1912), Vol. III, 1916; Hedwig Conrad Martius, "Zur Ontologie und Erscheinungslehre der realen Aussenwelt," Jahr buch, Vol. III (1916); Heinrich Hofmann, "Untersuchungen fiber 349 350 NOTES TO INTRODUCTION, PART ONE den Empfindungsbegriff," Archiv fur die gesamte Psych%gie, XXVI (1913); David Katz, Die Erscheinungsweisen der Farben und ihre Beeinflussung durch die individuelle Erfahrung; Herbert Leyendecker, Zur Phiinomenologie der Tauschungen; and Adolf Reinach, "Die apriorischen Grundlagen des bUrgerlichen Rech tes," Jahrbuch, VoU (1913). 9. See Edmund Husserl, Formale und transzendentale Logik, section 27, a. 10. Husserl, LU III p. 7; LU I12, p. 5. The translation is by J.N. Findlay, Edmund Husserl, Logical Investigations. Passages in square brackets are additions in the second edition. (The trans lation has been slightly altered for purposes of emphasis.) The introduction to the second volume was drafted about July, 1900; see Schuhmann, p. 61. II. L U Ill, section I, p. 4; section 2, p. 9. 12. see F. Kersten, "The Originality of Gurwitsch's Theory of Intentionality," for the nature of the changes from LU to Ideas, First Book. For the use of the term, 'intending to,' see below, section 10. 13. LU III section 2, pp. 8f. 14. Ibid., section 7, p. 19. 15. See Edmund Husserl, Ideen zu einer reinen Phiinomenologie und phiinomenologishen Philosophie. Erstes Buch: Allgemeine Ein/uh rung in die reine Phiinomenologie, Jahrbuch, Vol. I (1912), section 19, p. 35. (Hereinafter, Ideas, First Book.) 16. Despite their diversity, they give the impresson of having in common their reading only of LU, 2nd edition, or their not having read LU, Vol. II at all. 17. See Siegfried Krakauer, From Galigari to Hitler, Chapter I. Husserl's own comments may be found in his letter to Arnold Metzger, 4 September, 1919, published in Husserl: Shorter Works, translated by E. Kohak, p. 361, col. b, and p. 362, col. a. 18. See Willy Moog, Die Deutsche Philosophie des 20. Jahrhunderts, Chapters V, VI. 19. Tracing of these movements here would take us too far afield; indeed, the history of the movements, for what they are, must still be written. In part, Husserl's own assessment is found in "Philosophie als strenge Wissenschaft," Logos, I (19 I 0/ 11), pp. NOTES TO INTRODUCTION, PART ONE 351 294ff.; see also his comments in Ideas, First Book, pp. 151ff., and the comment on Meinong, p. 22S. 20. See the latest edition of Herbert Spiegelberg (with the col laboration of Karl Schuhmann), The Phenomenological Move ment. A Historical Introduction, Third Revised and Enlarged Edition, pp. 233-240. 21. See the Translator's Introduction to the Logical Investigations by J.N. Findlay, pp. 9ff., for a characteristic expression of this view. 22. This may also be one of the roots of the hostility toward transcendental phenomenology exemplified, at one end of the spectrum, by e.g., Fritz Heinemann in his once popular tract, Existenzphilosophie. Lebendig oder Tod? Chapter III; and, at the other end of the spectrum by e.g., Theodor Adorno in his Zur Metakritik der Erkenntnistheorie, especially Chapter IV, pp. 240ff. Much of what is chronicled under the heading of the "phenomenological movement" by Spiegelberg would seem to lie somewhere in between the two ends of the spectrum. The hostility may still be perceived, for instance, in the exchange between Calvin Schrag and Herbert Spiegelberg published in Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology, VoUI (No.3, October 19S0), pp. 2S1f. 23. See Edmund Husserl, Nachwort zu meinen "Ideen ze einer reinen Ph!inomenologie und ph!inomenologischen Philosophie," Jahrbuch fur Philosophie und phiinomenologische Forschung, XI (1930), pp. 555f. For a later reflection on the nature of "theory" in the phenomenological sense, see ibid., pp. 561f. 24. Husserl, LU Ill, p. 5. 25. Ibid., see p. IS; cf. p. 4. 26. See ibid., p. 6. 27. Ibid., p. 10. 2S. Ibid., p. 15. 29. In Ideas, First Book, "pure" also signifies purity from positing individual existence, i.e., the reduction to pure possibility; in addition, "pure" signifies transcendentally pure, scI. pure tran scendental, as opposed to mundane, possibilities. See below, Part I, Chapter One, section 5f. 30. For psychologism, see Prolegomena, Chapters 3-S. It is therefore not an exaggeration to say that the idea of pure phenomenol- 352 NOTES TO INTRODUCTION, PART ONE ogy in the Introduction to Vol. II is presupposed by Vol. I, the Prolegomena. 31. LU Ill, p. 17. 32. Ibid., p. 12. 33. Ibid., pp. 4, 16. And this holds, mutatis mutandis, for psychol ogy as well, despite the quite different relationship with phe nomenology. 34. Ibid., p. 9; 2nd ed., pp. 8f. 35. See below, Part I, Chapter One, section 13. 36. The chief example would be Ideas, First Book. 37. Thus the literary order and background should not be confused with the epistemic order of inquiry. Some of the lectures were published in 1929 as "VorIesungen zur Phanomenologie des inneren Zeitbewusstseins," herausgegeben von Martin Heidegger, Jahrbuch fur Philosophie und phiinomenologische Forschung, IX (1929); see also Ding und Raum. Vorlesungen 1907, heraus gegeben von Ulrich Claesges (=Husserliana XVI). 38. Edmund HusserI, Die Idee der Phiinomenologie. Funft Vorles ungen [1907], herausgegeben von Walter Biemel (=Husserliana II). See in addition the discussion of Iso Kern, "The Three Ways to the Transcendental Phenomenological Reduction in the Philosophy of Edmund HusserI," p. 139 col. 2. 39. Above, pp. 6f. 40. HusserI, Idee der Phiinomenologie, Lectures 1, 2. 41. For this interpretation of the "feeling" for the problem of phenomenological genesis, see HusserI's letter to Arnold Metz ger, loco cit., p. 361, col. a, p. 363, col a. 42. LU Ill, p. 672. The translation is mine. 43. LU 112, 2, p. 200. The translation is mine. When, specifically, the passage was rewritten is unknown to me. 44. Ideas, First Book, section 19, p. 35. The translation is mine. 45. Edmund HusserI, Cartesian Meditations, translated by Dorion Cairns, section 5. 46. See HusserI's letter to Metzger, loco cit., p. 361, col. 2. See also the important discussion of Husserl's slogan in Eugen Fink, "Das Problem der Phlinomenologie Edmund HusserIs," Revue Internationale de Philosophie, I (1938/39), pp. 232ff., especially 237 and 241; and below, section 53. NOTES TO CHAPTER ONE 353 CHAPTER ONE I. Edmund Husserl, Ideen zu einer reinen Phiinomenologie und phiinomenologische Philosophie. Erstes Buch. Allgemeine Einfuh rung in die reine Phiinomenologie. Edited by Karl Schumann, 2 vols. Hereinafter abbreviated Ideas, I; page numbers refer to the first edition, printed in the margin, Vol. I. For the literary and conceptual history of Ideas, I, see Karl Schuhmann, Die Dialektik der Phiinomenologie, II: Reine Phiinomenologie und phiinomenologische Philosophie; see also his Die Fundamental betrachtung der Phiinomenologie, Chapter III and Chapter VI, B. 2. See ibid., p. 6. 3. Ibid., p. 8. The translation is mine. The phenomena in question are transcendentally pure in addition to the other meanings of "pure," above, pp. 9f. 4. Ibid., section 59, pp. 141f., and p. 6. The translations are mine. 5. Ibid. The translation is mine. 6. Ibid. To speak of a "non-genuine" sense of real does not neces- sarily signify that it is false. See below, sections 7, 8, 91. 7. Ibid. 8. Ibid., section I. 9. see below, section 10. 10. "Fact," of course, in the phenomenological sense; see below, Chapter Five. See also F. Kersten, "The Occasion and Novelty of Husserl's Phenomenology of Essence," in Phenomenological Perspectives. Essays in Honor of Herbert Spiegelberg, edited by Philip Bossert, pp. 69ff. Both terminologically and conceptually, Husserl's thinking has progressed over Logical Investigations, first edition, and "Philosophy as a Strict Science." But the progress also carries a number of ambiguities and difficult problems; in this connection, see Dorion Cairns, "A Letter to John Wild about Husserl," edited by Lester Embree, Research in Phenomenology, V (1975), pp. I 59ff. 11. In this connection, see F. Kersten, "The Constancy Hypothesis in the Social Sciences," in Life-World and Consciousness. Essays for Aron Gurwitsch, edited by Lester E. Embree, pp. 523-527. 12. See above, pp. I7f. 13. See below, Chapter Four, for discussion of time and unity of mental life-processes.