BULLETINOF MARINESCIENCE,54(2): 420-427, 1994
NEW RECORDS OF POL YCHAETOUS ANNELIDS (ORDER: EUNICIDA) FROM THE SOUTHEASTERN GULF OF MEXICO
Alejandro Granados-Barba and Vivianne Solfs- Weiss
ABSTRACT Twelve species in the Order Eunicida are newly recorded from the southeastern region of the Gulf of Mexico; 6 are new to the Gulf of Mexico and 10 are new records for Mexico, Their regional biogeographic affinities are discussed.
While studies on Mexican polychaetous annelids have been conducted in the littoral zone of both coastlines, there are many areas which have either been sampled inadequately or not at all. Such is the case with the Campeche Sound, a large area located in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico known both for its shrimp fisheries and the largest concentration of Mexican oil platforms (Solis-Weiss et aI., 1991). Previous papers on the polychaetes from Campeche Sound include only two preliminary studies at the family level (Mendez-Ubach and Solfs- Weiss, 1987; Granados-Barba et aI., in press) and two that analyze the relationships between polychaetes and hydrocarbons (Gonzalez-Macias, 1989; Ortiz-Hernan- dez, 1990). As part of the interdisciplinary project IMCA-DINAMO undertaken to survey the benthic fauna of the area, we found 12 species previously unrecorded from either the Gulf of Mexico or from Mexican waters.
STUDY AREA
The study area is located in the Campeche Sound between 18°21'-22°28'N and 89°41'-93°55'W. This area includcs oil platforms and part of the continental shelf to a depth of 200 m (except for stations 13 and 58 of the IMCA-2 expedition) (Fig. 1). The climate is Am and Aw, warm humid and sub-humid with summer rains (Garcia, ]987) with three climatic seasons: the "dry" season from March to May, the "rainy" season, from June to October and the "nortes" (north winds) season, from November to February. The sediments consist of one group of fine deltaic type originating from nearby rivers to the west and a second group of coarser sediments high in carbonates derived from the high organic productivity of the benthos to the east (Yanez-Correa, 197]). Campeche Sound therefore consists of two contrasting conditions as a result of the mixing of oceanic and coastal waters in addition to the sediment transition zone that takes place between the terrigen and the biogenic materials.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sampling was done from thc R!V JUSTOSIERRA,as part of the interdisciplinary project IMCA- DINAMO. Herein considered are the IMCA-I and II expeditions (4-12 March 1988 (27 stations) and 19-29 September 1988 (47 stations» and DINAMO-I (7-22 March 1990), (Fig. I). The polychaetes were collected with a 0.1 m' Smith-McIntyre grab. At each station, 40 liters of sediment were taken, screened through a 0.5 mm sieve and fixed in 10% formalin. In the laboratory, the organisms wcre washed again, sorted and preserved in 70% alcohol. Depth, as well as bottom salinity and temperature were recorded at each station with a Niel Brown CTD. The organic content present in the sediments was determined as percent of organic carbon (Gaudette et aI., ]974). The systematic arrangement of Fauchald (1977) for orders and genera was followed. For each species, the total number of specimens collected is given, followed by the collection date, the station number and the abundance per station (in parenthesis). Chemical and physical data include sediment type and depth (m), "alinity (S) as %0; temperature (T) as DC;and organic content (O.M.) as % carbon. The organisms are placed in the collection located at the Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia (lCML), Universidad Nacional Aut6noma de Mexico, Mexico.
420 GRANADOS-BARBA AND SOliS-WEISS: NEW EUNICIDA FROM MEXICO 421
"1,& A '}D" +,. (10 f6 ~ "2~r 036,42 4 '31 GULF ~23,29 122 ,30 OF ,40 ,'1 '21 19' MEXICO ,39
B 2 ' +" (10 ~ GULF OF MEXICO
Figure 1. Campeche Sound area, with the sampling stations for each cruise. A) IMCA I: March 1988; B) IMCA II: September \988; C) DINAMO I: March \990. TL = Terminos Lagoon. 422 BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE. VOL. 54. NO.2. 1994
RESULTS A total of 1,162 specimens was collected from the Campeche Sound which belonged to five families of the Order Eunicea and 38 species (Granados Barba, 1991). Of these 38 species, 12 are new records for this region, 6 are new records for the Gulf of Mexico and 10 are previously unknown for Mexico.
Family Onuphidae Kinberg, 1865 Kinbergonuphis orensanzi (Fauchald, 1982b)
Onuphis setosa Orensanz, 1974: 89. Onuphis (Onuphis) orensanzi Fauchald, 1982a: 205-208, fig. 2, tables I and 2. Kinbergonuphis orensanzi Faucha1d, 1982b: 18, fig. 8b. Material Examined.-254 indiv.: March 1988: stations 8(3),13(1),14(1),24(1),33(4), 35(]), 39(2), 43(1),44(1). Sept. 1988: stations 2(3), 7(1), 8(]9), 9(29), 12(19), ]5(4), 17(2), 18(2), 20(2), 23(3), 24(3),25(3),26(1),29(8),30(5),31(2),33(1),37(2), 38(4), 39(3), 43(1), 47(2), 48(2), 49(1), 50(2), 52(2),53(5),56(1). March 1990: stations 4(3), 5(1), 7(2), 9(9),13(1),23(8),24(2),25(2),26(5),28(4), 32(2),34(15),37(24),40(7),50(7),51(1),53(11),62(1), 82(1), 84(1). Muds, sandy muds and sands; 11-210 m; T = 14--28; S = 35-37; O.M. = 0.06-1.51. Distribution.-Southern Atlantic: Uruguay, Argentina and the Falklands, 89-130 m (Fauchald, 1982b). First record from the Gulf of Mexico and from Mexican waters off Tabasco and Campeche.
Kinbergonuphis simoni (Santos et a!., 1981)
Onuphis simoni Santos et aI., 1981: 663-668, fig. la-e. Kinbergonuphis simoni Faucha1d, 1982b: 32-33, fig. 10e, table 9.
Material Examined.-28 indiv.: March 1988: .' Kinbergonuphis difficilis (Fauchald, 1982b) Onuphis setosa, Orensanz, 1974: 89. Onuphis (Onuphis) difficilis Fauchald, 1982a: 203-205, fig. I, table 1. Kinbergonuphis difficilis Fauchald, 1982b:l8, fig. 8a. Material t.xamined.-2 indiv.: March 1988: stations 8(1), 42(1). Sandy muds; 26--46 m; T = 22-23; S = 35.3-36.7; O.M. = 0.64-1.11. Distribution.-Southwestern Atlantic in Uruguay and Argentina, continental shelf (Fauchald, 1982b). First record from the Gulf of Mexico and from Mexican waters off Tabasco and Campeche. Mooreonuphis dangrigae (Fauchald, 1980) Onuphi.l· (Nothria) dangrigae Faucha1d, 1980: 802-806, figs. 1-2, tables 2 and 3. Mooreonuphis dangrigae Fauchald, 1982b: 58, fig. 18b. Material Examined.-6 indiv.: Sept. 1988: station 1(4). March 1990: station 58(2). Sands; 16-31 m; T = 27; S = 35.8; O.M. = 0.22. Distribution.-Carrie Bow Cay (Belize), shallow waters, in sands mixed with corals (Fauchald, 1982b). First record for the Gulf of Mexico off Tabasco and Campeche. GRANADOS-BARBA AND SOLiS-WElss: NEW EUNICJDA FROM MEXICO 423 Hyalinoecia juvenalis Moore, 1911 Hyalinoeciajuvenalis Moore, 1911: 277-280, pI. 18, figs. 86-95; Treadwell, 1937: 152; Hartman, 1944: 46-47. Material Examined.-2 indiv.: March 1988: station 4(1). Sept. 1988: station 5(1). Sands; 28 m; T = 22-27; S = 35.98-36.3; a.M. = 0.05-0.09. Distribution.-Southern California, western Mexico and Panama; from the West Indies to Colombia and Venezuela, 14-404 m (Hartman, 1944). First record for the Gulf of Mexico; off Tabasco and Campeche. Paradiopatra hartmanae (Kirkegaard, 1980) Nothria hartmani Kirkegaard, 1980: 87-88, figs. 2a-d. Sarsonuphis hartmanae Fauchald, 1982b: 73-74, fig. 22; Gathof, 1984: 39.19, figs. 39.20a-j. Paradiopatra hartmanae Paxton, 1986: 36-38. Material Examined.-31 indiv.: March 1988: stations 10(3),26(1),27(2). Sept. 1988: stations 13(1), 16(1),39(4),40(6),42(1),43(3),51(3),52(1). March 1990: stations 4(1), 7(2), 16(1),21(1). Muds and sandy muds; 93-550 m; T = 7.5-21.7; S = 34.95-36.5; a.M. = 0.67-1.32. Distribution.-Northern Atlantic, Great Britain; New England, Alabama, Florida and Texas in the U.S., fine and coarse sands, silty clays and silty sands, 37-4,265 m, (in the Gulf of Mexico: 37-189 m) (Fauchald, 1982b; Gathof, 1984). First record for the genus from Mexican waters off Tabasco and Campeche. Family Eunicidae Savigny, 1818 Marphysa bellii (Audouin and Milne Edwards, 1833) Marphysa bellii Ehlers, 1887: 95, pI. 28, figs. 1-8; Fauvel, 1923: 410, figs. 161i-q; Wesenberg- Lund, 1949: 305; Pettibone, 1963: 238, figs. 63a-d. Material Examined.-13 indiv.: March 1988: stations 10(1),24(1),43(2),44(1). Sept. 1988: stations 16(1),17(1),18(2). March 1990: station 40(4). Muds and muddy sands; 16-100 m; T = 19-26.7; S = 36.2-36.6: a.M. = 0.67-1.3. Distribution.-Mediterranean and Adriatic, Ireland, France, England, western Af- rica, Indochina; Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Florida in the Gulf of Mexico (Gathof, 1984), West Indies (Suarez and Fraga, 1978), intertidal to 189 m, sands, sandy muds, gravel, under rocks and in Zostera rootmats, fine sands and silts (Pettibone, 1963). First record from Mexican waters off Tabasco and Campeche. Family Lumbrineridae Malmgren, 1867 Ninoe leptognatha Ehlers, 1900 Ninae leptagnatha Eh]ers, 1900: ]41-202, pI. XVII, figs. 11-20; Wesenberg-Lund, 1962: 117, fig. 47, map 3, table 3; Hartman, 1964: pI. 39. Material Examined.-105 indiv.: March ]988: stations 11(1), 12(1), ]7(2),22(2),25(1),29(2),36(1), 42(1). Sept. 1988: stations 9(15), 12(]), 13(3),22(2), 23(]), 24(1), 26(1), 30(1), 32(2), 34(1),42(3), 49(2),52(2),53(2),54(1),56(1). March 1990: stations 2(2), 3(8), 5(1), 6(1),10(4), ] 1(4),12(4), 13(1), 14(1), 20(1), 22(1), 27(3), 28(1), 32(] 0), 34(4), 37(1), 40(3), 44(1), 50(4). Muds, sands and sandy muds; ]2-202 m; T = ]4.5-28; S = 35-36.7; a.M. = 0.34-1.51. Distribution.-Southern Atlantic, Chile, Cape Hom and the Falklands, intertidal to 250 m, fine and coarse sands with tube fragments, cold waters (Wesenberg- Lund, 1962). First record from the Gulf of Mexico and from Mexican waters off Tabasco and Campeche. 424 BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE. VOL 54. NO.2. 1994 Ninoe brasiliensis Kinberg, 1865 Ninoe brasiliensis K.inberg, 1865: 567; 1910: 46, pI. 18, fig. 33; Orensanz, 1973b: 381, pI. XIV. Material Examined.-44 indiv.: March 1988: stations 23(1), 24(1), 37(1), 39(2), 40(2). Sept. 1988: stations 8(2), 9(7), 12(4), 18(1),26(1),28(1), 32(1), 38(4),42(1),44(4),46(1),47(1), 50(5), 55(1), 57(1). March 1990: station 25(2). Muds, sands and sandy muds; 11-698 m; T == 6.75-28; S == 34.92- 37; O.M. == 0.4-1.51. Distribution.-Southern Atlantic from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to Pt. Quequen, Ar- gentina, in sands and sandy muds, cold waters, 35-190 m (Orensanz, 1973b). First record from the Gulf of Mexico and from Mexican waters off Tabasco and Campeche. Lumbrineris brevipes (McIntosh, 1903) Lumbriconereis brevipes McIntosh, 1903: 147, tex-fig. 3, pI. 12, figs. 33-34. Ninoe fusca Moore. 1911: 285. pI. 19. figs. 110-118. Lumbrineris brevipes Pettibone, 1963: 260, fig. 68h; Day, 1973: 62; Uebe1acker, 1984: 41.19, figs. 41.l6a-h. Material Examined.--3 indiv.: March 1988: station 25(1). Sept. 1988: stations 26(1), 27(1). Muds; 144-188 m; T == 14.6-18.7; S == 36-36.4; O.M. == 1.12. Distribution.-Massachusetts to North Carolina, northern Gulf of Mexico, north- eastern Spain, Southern California, and Antarctic, 131 m, silty clays (Uebel acker, 1984). First record from Mexican waters. Family Arabellidae Hartman, 1944 Drilonereis spatula (Treadwell, 1911) Aracoda spatula Treadwell, 1911: 6, figs. 12-14. Drilonereis brunnea Treadwell. 1921: 111, tex-figs. 418-420. Drilonereis spatula Treadwell, 1921: 108, tex-figs. 400-406; Hartman, 195]: 55; 1956: 290; Uebe- lacker, 1984: 42--27, figs. 42-26a-d. Material Examined.--9 indiv.: Sept. 1988: stations 1(2),3(2),4(1),33(2). March 1990: stations 10(1), 53(1). Sands, sandy muds and gravel; 28-63 m; T == 27; S == 35.88-35.96; O.M. == 0.06-D.22. Distribution.-Louisiana in front of the Mississippi, Key West, Dry Tortugas, Tobago and West Indies, sands (with Lumbrineris and Arabella) and silty sands, 24 m (Uebel acker, 1984). First record from Mexican waters off Tabasco and Campeche. Family Dorvilleidae Chamberlin, 1919 Protodorvillea kefersteini (McIntosh, 1869) Staurocephalus kefersteini McIntosh, 1869: 417, pI. 16, fig. 1I. Protodorvillea bifida Perkins, 1979: 453, figs. 16a-e, 17a-f. Protodorvillea kefersteini Pettibone, 1961: 179; Hartmann-Schroder 1971: 262, figs. 87a-g; Hobson, 1971: 542, fig. 8; Day, 1973: 64; Orensanz, 1973a: 335, pI. 4, figs. 1-9; Perkins, 1979: 456, fig. 17g-m; Wolf, 1984: 44-12, figs. 44-7, 8a-m; Wolf, 1984: 44-12, figs. 44-8a-e. Material Examined.--12 indiv.: Sept. 1988: stations 5(9), 6(1). March 1990: stations 32(1), 53(1). Sands and muddy sands; 27-52 m; T == 27; S == 35.9-36.1; O.M. == 0.09-D.12. Distribution.-Scotland to South Africa; Massachusetts to Florida in the northern Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, northeastern Bermudas, coarse, fine and muddy sands, intertidal to 120 m (Wolf, 1984); Black Sea and Mediterranean, Argentina (Perkins, 1979). First record for the genus from Mexican waters off Tabasco and Campeche. GRANADOS-BARBA AND SOLiS-WEISS: NEW EUNICIDA FROM MEXICO 425 DISCUSSION Regarding worldwide distribution of the above mentioned species, Paradiopa- tra hartmanae is a species previously recorded from the northern Atlantic Ocean and Great Britain in depths greater than 1,000 m and collected in the northern Gulf of Mexico between 100 and 200 m (Gathof, 1984). In the study area, P. hartmanae was found between 90 and 550 m, which seems to indicate the species preference for cold waters_ Four species, Ninoe leptognatha, N. brasiliensis, Kinbergonuphis orensanzi and K. difficilis, were previously recorded from Chile, Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina, and the Falklands, respectively. Their distribution in the Gulf of Mexico seems to indicate that they can be found consistently off the western Atlantic coasts from the Falklands to the northern Gulf in cold waters and depths greater than 50 m. Finally, the species Mooreonuphis dangrigae and Hyalinoecia juvenalis were previously recorded from the Caribbean, close to the study area. They are now recorded for the Gulf of Mexico. Since Kinbergonuphis simoni, Paradiopatra hartmanae, marphysa bellii, Lum- brineris brevipes, Drilonereis spatula and Protodorvillea ke.fersteini had been recorded from the northern Gulf of Mexico (Gathof, 1984; Uebelacker, 1984; Wolf, 1984), their presence in the southern regions could be expected. Also, considering the environmental conditions where they were found, we can expect to find them as well off the coasts of the States of Tamaulipas and Veracruz. The distribution of these species seems to be primarily related to depth and secondarily to the type of sediment (Granados-Barba, 1991). In the Gu]f of Mex- ico "terrigen" sediments are usually found in the northern and central regions of the continental shelf, east to Laguna de Terminos (Fig. 1). "Biogenic" (calcar- eous) sediments are present from Laguna de Teminos to Yucatan (Yanez-Correa, 197]). In genera], depth and type of sediment corresponded to previous records except for Kinbergonuphis orensanzi, K. simoni and Ninoe brasiliensis where depth rang- es were significantly increased. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to especially thank P. Hernandez Alcantara for his help in taxonomic problems, the Direcci6n General de Asuntos del Personal AcadCmico (D.G.A.P.A.) for its financial support (Project IN209789), and Drs. J. Carranza Fraser and J. E. Aguayo Camargo, ex-Director and current Director respectively of the Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologfa (V.N.A.M.) for their support. Dr. D. Reish revised the manuscript and made many useful suggestions for which we are most grateful. V. Ochoa R. made the photos for the figures for which we are grateful. This is contribution No. 735 from the lnstituto de Ciencias de] Mar y Limnologfa, V.N.A.M., Mexico. 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DATE ACCEPTED: March 23, 1993. ADDRESS: Laboratorio de EcoLog{a Costera (PoLiquetos), Instituto de Ciencias del Mar'y Limnolog{a, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Apartado PostaL 70-305, Mexico, D.F. 04510, Mexico.