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Wedge Anchorage System for Strand Post-Tensioning

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Wedge Anchorage System for Strand Post-Tensioning Presented at the Sixth Congress of the Federation Internationale de la Precontrainte, Prague, Czechoslovakia, June 1970 WEDGE ANCHORAGE SYSTEM FOR STRAND POST-TENSIONING Reports on design and development of a 3-strand wedge anchor and anchorage components. This system has been applied in development of tendons with working forces from 225 to 1300 kips (100 to 600 t). Static and dynamic test results are reviewed, and use of the system in U.S. bridge and building construction is described. Edward Schechter Henry C. Boecker, P.E. Stressteel Corporation Stressteel Corporation Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania The need for a new high capacity In response to these factors the auth- strand post-tensioning system in the ors began development of the S/H United States, was apparent by late Wedge Anchorage System. 1967. The demand for long span, cast-in-place post-tensioned struc- SYSTEM CRITERIA tures in the United States seemed Specific criteria for this system, es- certain to expand rapidly, and com- tablished prior to the start of hard- parative costs of tendon materials ware development, were: indicated that strand would econom- 1. Tendons must develop the min- ically meet this growing need. Pull- imum guaranteed ultimate ten- through tendon systems, which re- sile strength of the assembled quire neither fixed tendon lengths strand. nor factory-attached anchorages, 2. Anchorages for multi-strand have considerable cost advantages tendons should be so con- for long span cast-in-place bridges, structed that, at ultimate load buildings, and nuclear reactor con- in the unbonded state, at least tainment structures. Existing Euro- 2 percent elongation of the ten- pean pull-through tendon systems don takes place before failure were well represented in the United of any strand. States and licenses were unavailable. 3. Anchorages should be designed July-August 1971 49 Fig. 1. Three-piece wedge anchor (left) seats in wedge plate (right), each wedge holding three post-tensioning strands to meet the ACI Building Code for maximum economy. requirements for unbonded 6. Tendons should be primarily tendons for dynamic loading. designed for use in bonded 4. Component parts should be structures. Therefore, simple designed, in size and shape, to and efficient grouting methods be fabricated on existing ma- were needed. chine tools. 7. The anchorage devices should 5. Field placing and tensioning be originally designed to use systems should be developed 1/2-in. (13 mm) dia. 270K (19,000 kg/em2) ASTM A-416 strand, but should be adaptable to im- provements made in this mate- rial and to larger size strands. -CT/OA/ , A SYSTEM COMPONENTS 7 w/RE The S/H wedge is a 3-piece srf A,vo HOL, slotted cone (Fig. 1) which grips three ½-in. (13 mm) dia. 270K (19,- Fig. 2. Symmetrically cut wedge an- 000 kg/cm2) strands in its serrated chor teeth and seats in a conical hole in a wedge plate. The strands pass from the tendon duct, through a transition cone and a splay plate, into the wedge plate where they are anch- K ored by the wedge. By incorporating a number of these wedges in a multi- 7 /A//.F hole wedge plate, this system pro- sr .qA/z vides tendons in sizes ranging from 225 to 1300 kips (102 to 5901)* /DENT/FY//J working force (Table 1). O TC Fig. 3. Asymmetrically cut wedge an- chor °1t = 1000 kg 50 PCI Journal Three-piece wedge. On the basis of that the combination which would 15 years experience with wedge best achieve the most favorable ra- anchorages for post-tensioning bars, tio was the use of three strands in it was decided that the strand each wedge component. This con- wedges should be no larger than the cept was new to post-tensioning sys- largest bar wedges. A primary de- tems in the United States. sign objective was to achieve a ratio Several types of prototype anchors between the area of the anchor plate were initially fabricated. Under long and the number of strands anchored term loading conditions, it was ob- which would be lower than that of served that 3-piece anchors cut sym- existing multi-strand anchorage sys- metrically as shown in Fig. 2 have a tems. Preliminary analysis indicated tendency to crack across Section Table 1. Strand tendon properties Guaranteed Number of ultimate Load, kips Rigid Dimensions lh-in., 270K tensile sheath in inches strands per strength diameter j tendon kips 0.8 fs 0.7 f' 0.6 f' n. A B C 9 371.7 297.0 260.0 223.0 25/s 11 7 18 12 495.6 397.0 347.0 297.0 25/s 11 7 18 18 743.4 595.0 520.0 446.0 33/4 151/4 9 24 24 991.2 793.0 694.0 595.0 33/4 151/4 9 24 54 2230.0 1784.0 1561.0 1338.0 51/2 20 13 36 O O DOODO O 6foa7 /v.°vT S/.HO 9-.S 4//12-5 S/H04 -- SPLAY O/57/,S7T/oA1 B ,LATE ^^° .•SLATE -0v WEDGE OOO OOOO A (0(5000(3 000 lNEOGE TR UM/ET ANCHOR qGE ASSEMB/_Y S/N5 -S July-August 1971 91 A-B. Should the crack continue Wedge plates are fabricated from through the wedge, Section A tends longitudinal standard mill flat bars to break free and, lacking positive or plate. Plate cutting, hole drilling, support, creates an incipient failure and hole reaming are done on the condition. It became obvious that same manufacturing line with the positive center support was manda- same equipment as that utilized to tory for the new wedge. This re- produce anchorage plates for the bar quirement led to the asymmetric system. Experimental analysis deter- configuration shown in Fig. 3. Should mined that the wedge plate material a full crack occur across Section C-D should have a higher yield point in the key wedge piece, center sup- than that obtainable with rolled port is maintained against each of plate. To reduce plate deflection and the three strands with all wedge provide smooth wedge holes, all components, especially the small wedge plates are heat treated. center piece of the key, remaining Prototype anchor plates tested un- in compression with no loss of anch- der simulated field conditions indi- oring capability. cated that wedges could be placed at During machining of the wedge, a a minimum spacing of only 1/a in. groove is cut around the outer body. (6.4 mm) when seated. This close This groove accommodates a neo- spacing permits easy field place- prene O-ring, which maintains align- ment, does not affect the strength ment of the wedge sections during characteristics of the tendon, and al- shipment and field placement. An lows a close grouping of strands. identifying notch (Fig. 3) is also machined into the wedge, between Splay plate. Since strand holes in the the right and left side sections, so wedges are drilled with vertically that field crews can correctly reas- moving equipment, the holes in the semble the sections should they be- wedge are straight and parallel to its come separated. Wedge sections are center. Strands, however, must pass machined to close tolerance, mak- from the tight area of the duct, ing comparable sections inter- through the transition cone, to the changeable. Each wedge is shipped larger area required by the hole as a complete unit, held together by spacing in the wedge plate. Strands its 0-ring. would normally enter the wedge plate at an angle not perpendicular Wedge plate. Observation and study to the plate and thus create the pos- indicated that the most efficient and sibility of nonlinear stress. economical method of grouting was To insure that the strands enter through the center of the wedge the wedge plate holes parallel to plate. Therefore, no separate grout each other and perpendicular to the input or grout vent pipes are re- plate, a thin steel splay plate is quired at the anchorage. Preliminary placed between the bearing plate plate layouts were made with the and wedge plate. It accommodates wedge holes placed in a circle around a center grout hole. It was the strands from the transition area found, however, that the smallest by passing each strand through an size transition cone could be ob- individual hole, which provides a tained only with a square configura- precise guide for the correct align- tion of wedge holes. ment of all strands when tensioned. 52 PCI Journal Fig. 4. Hydraulic ram, suspended by chainfall, simultaneously tensions all 12 strands of a tendon TENSIONING METHODS system, similar to that previously de- veloped for seating bar wedges. Placing and tensioning procedures After the experience gained in developed for the 9- and 12-strand tensioning 12-strand tendons, how- series embody no new concepts. Af- ever, field personnel became con- ter pulling strands through preform- cerned with the problem of handling ed ducts, the splay plate, wedge the heavy equipment necessary to plate, and wedges are positioned. stress tendons of the 18- and 24- The strands are then passed through strand series. Preliminary studies in- a center hole hydraulic jack, anch- dicated that this, equipment, com- ored at a jacking plate by the pletely assembled with jacking wedges, and tensioned (Fig. 4). chairs and pulling devices, would Anchor wedges are seated, after weigh approximately 2 tons (1.8t). elongation, by a secondary hydraulic Equipment of this size could July-August 1971 53 Gfl TES d I r ^ --^rPUGL/.^/6 i HEAO I . 1 -^ - I j^^PULL/NG ` I / ---I WEDGE IL TUBES AG/GN/NG TENS/ON/G Rf^^/ CARTR /OG,E Fig.
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