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ETNIS TIONGHOA, TAHU DAN KOTA (Terbangunnya Identitas Kota Kediri)

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ETNIS TIONGHOA, TAHU DAN KOTA (Terbangunnya Identitas Kota Kediri) perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id ETNIS TIONGHOA, TAHU DAN KOTA (Terbangunnya Identitas Kota Kediri) Skripsi Ditulis dan Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Syarat Mendapatkan Gelar Sarjana Program Studi Sosiologi oleh : WIDA AYU PUSPITOSARI NIM. D0308009 FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA 2012 commiti to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id ABSTRAK Wida Ayu Puspitosari, Etnis Tionghoa, Tahu dan Kota (Terbanggunnya Identitas Kota Kediri). Skripsi, Surakarta: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik. Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, 2012. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis hendak mentautkan etnis Tionghoa, Tahu dan Kota sebagai suatu perjalanan identitas kota yang mengandung sejarah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untu mendapatkan (1) sebuah gambaran meneganai proses srukturasi melalui transformasi tradisi makan tahu keluarga Tionghoa menjadi komoditas, (2) deskripsi kontribusi etnis Tionghoa dalam mebentuk identitas kota dan (3) gambaran akan relevansi teori yang digunakan dalam peneltian ini. Penelitian in menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini yaitu; (1) informan atau narasumber, yaitu etnis Tionghoa yang mendirikan perusahaan Tahu, pekerja dan tokoh masyrakat, (2) berbagai dokumen terkait. Teknik pengumpulan data primer yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik wawancara (interviewing) dan observasi secara langsung. Sedangkan untuk data sekunder menggunakan teknik kepustakaan dan literatur terkait. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam dalam penelitian ini adalah model analisis interaktif yang meliputi empat komponen yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data (reduction), sajian data (display) dan penarikan kesimpulan serta verifikasinya. Adapun teknik pengembangan pen validitas data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah trianggulasi data (trianggulasi sumber), trianggulasi metode dan review informan. Bedasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan: (1) Tradisi makan Tahu keluraga Tionghoa di Kediri merupakan kebudayaan yang mampu ditransformasikan menjadi komoditas dengan dukungan dari keterlibatan masyarakat yang dirangkum dalam interaksi intens dalam kajian ruang dan waktu. Karena ruang dan waktu akan memungkinkan seorang agen (Bah Kacung, etnis Tionghoa yang mengakomodir tradisi kuliner Tahu) memberikan pengaruh bagi tatanan sosial yang ada disekitar lingkungan mereka. Kajian ruang dan waktu merupakan pengaruh daripada upaya pelanggengan diri yang dibingkai dalam karakteristik yang khas sehingga praktek-praktek sosial secara sadar diterima oleh lingkungan di sekitar Bah Kacug dan (2) tradisi makan Tahu yang telah ditransformasikan agen (etnis Tionghoa) sebagai komoditas menjadi bagian dari perjalanan peradaban kota Kediri yang tidak bisa dipisahkan. Ini merupakan politik identitas yang diproyeksikan oleh etnis Tionghoa sebagai pengaktualisasian sumber daya yang dimilikinya. Sehingga, alokasi sumber daya yang dimiliki mampu membangun suatu tatanan ruang sosial yang khas, tak terkecuali dengan ruang kota Kediri yang dikenal sebagai kota Tahu. v commit to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id ABSTRACT Wida Ayu Puspitosari, Chinese, Tofu and the City (The Construction of Kediri’s Identity). Thesis, Surakarta: Faculty of Social and Political Sciences. Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta 2012. In this study, the author wants to make a linkage of Chinese, Tofu and the City as a escapade of the city's identity contains very deep history. The objective of this study is to get (1) an overview of structuration process through the transformation of Chinese family tradition of Tofu into a commodity, (2) description of the contribution of Chinese for city's identity and (3) an overview of the relevance of theory used in this research. This study uses a qualitative method with phenomenology approach. Sources of data in this study are: (1) informants, the Chinese who founded Tofu company, employees and the community leaders, (2) a variety of related documents. Primary data collection technique used in this study is interviewing and direct observation. As for the secondary data using the techniques of related literature. Data analysis techniques used in this study is an interactive analytical model that includes four components, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation (display) and the inference and verification. As for the technical development of validity of the data used in this study is the triangulation of data (source triangulation), triangulation of methods and informants review. Based on the research results can be concluded: (1) The tradition of eating Tofu of Chinese family is a culture that can be transformed into a commodity with the support of community involvement are summarized in intense interaction in the study of space and time. Due to space and time will allow an agent (Bah Kacung, Chinese that accommodate Tofu as culinary traditions) gives effect to the existing social order around their neighborhood. Time and space study is the effect of self attempt framed in a distinctive characteristic of social practices that consciously accepted by the environment around Bah Kacug and (2) the tradition of eating Tofu that has been transformed by agents (Chinese) as a commodity to be part of Kediri’s civilization, can not be separated. This is an identity politics that is projected by the Chinese as actualizing their resources. Thus, the allocation of applicable resources is able to establish an order of a typical social space, no exception Kediri space as the City of Tofu. commit to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id MOTTO I am enough of an artist to draw freely upon my imagination (Albert Einstein) vi commit to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id PERSEMBAHAN Karya ini dipersembahkan kepada: lelaki, perempuan dan anak-anak kampung Pandean commit to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id KATA PENGANTAR Perkotaan di Indonesia saat ini tengah menjadi ruang publik yang mengalami transformasi luar biasa. Transformasi ini tak hanya menyandarkan kiprahnya dalam praktek-praktek hegemoni, kekuasaan serta negara saja. Bila diumpamakan, ruang kota merupakan suatu reinkarnasi baik kultural, politik, sosial dan ekonomi berlangsung tanpa disengaja. Di mana praktek-praktek sosial yang dibingkai dalam rutinitas sehari-hari mengontruksi sebuah konsensus hidup yang menciptakan kesadaran kolektif. Kediri sebagai gambaran sebuah kota juga tak luput mengalami riwayatnya. Dalam penelitian ini penulis mencoba untuk mentautkan antara etnis Tionghoa, Tahu dan kota dalam kontribusinya sebagai pembentuk identitas kota Kediri yang dibingkai dalam sejarah panjang, sehingga kini melegenda sebagai produk kota. Sebagaimana yang telah disadur di atas, kota menjadi bagian utama dalam kajian transformasi baik kultural, politik, ekonomi serta kekuasaan. Yang mana, dalam penelitian ini peneliti menyandarkan pemaparannya melalui pemikiran para penganut pasca strukturalisme. Untuk itu, seusai penelitian ini penulis mengucap beribu terimakasih kepada Yang Maha Kasih untuk segala curahan cintanya. Terimakasih saya haturkan pula kepada bapak dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Prof. Pawito, Ph. D, bapak Dr. Bagus Haryono, M. Si selaku kepala jurusan Sosiologi, bapak Drs. Jefta Leibo, SU, ibu Dra. Sri Hilmi Pujihartati, M.Si selaku penguji yang banyak memberikan ilmunya, serta staf pengajar jurusan Sosiologi yang telah banyak membantu. commit to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id Tak lupa, penulis mengarahkan terimakasihnya pada bapak Prof. Dr. RB. Soemanto, MA selaku pembimbing akademik, bapak Dr. Drajat Tri Kartono, M. Si selaku pembimbing yang sangat mengarahkan dan mendukung minat penulis, teman-teman Sosiologi 2008 atas semangatnya, kepala Kelurahan Setono Pande, Jagalan dan Kauman, Segenap informan yang membantu penulis untuk menyelesaikan penelitian ini dan yang terakhir untuk ayah, ibu dan adik atas doanya. Demikian penulis mengharapkan kritik serta saran untuk kebaikan penelitian ini. Penulis berharap pula agar penelitian ini bisa bermanfaat bagi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan. Juli, 2012 Penulis commit to user perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN JUDUL ..................................................................................... i HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN ..................................................................... HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ....................................................................... HALAMAN ABSTRAK ............................................................................... v HALAMAN MOTTO .................................................................................... vi HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ................................................................... vii KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... viii DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... x DAFTAR TABEL ......................................................................................... DAFTAR GAMBAR ..................................................................................... DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................. BAB I PENDAHULUAN . .................................................................................... 1 A. Latar Belakang Masalah ............................................................... 1 B. Rumusan Masalah .......................................................................
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