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Soils and Land Suitability for Arable Farming of South

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Soils and Land Suitability for Arable Farming of South Soil Mapping and A( ry Service- Botsal a SOILS ANP SUITABILITY FOR ARA' FA R MI N G OF SOUTH DISTRICT 9 9E( cc; c c: 44 4 4 cfc, :F t (Iti(.1c AND LAND ::,ThAtc¡!11_: VLA0 FARMING OF sOUTKP.FT Oln"11.° Gaborone, 1989 ;g, Soil Mapping and Advisory Botswana SOILS AND LAND SUITABILITY FOR A * FARMING OF GOUTUEAST GENTRAA, A. Ree Food and Agr:iculttraJ. Orgarazatica thP UDItcd Nations United Natiuns Development ProgrY72 Republic of Botana C-allorone, 1989 TIr ons gi.ven in this report are thos- time put-Taration, They :illy codii:ied in the lightof further:::.;1,a1edge stage project. The definitions employed and the presentation of the material in this docu- ment do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part ot the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations concerning legal or constitutional status of any country, territosea area or co.:- cerning the delimitation of frontiers. \ L'n, ° n' :.211 '"1)C o , , , 1 , ,1Z , , )4: S I , /111"1, Abstract )Sfl Ithe frolo,3011 tho sol; phop; 1:250 000, le i-lailod t a ertv.L1-woill.11 o Inc10 ? 1, 111,1 t r,11{, r, ..;(111 (.2,4 ! ;IIF i n OS, '`cHS 1t', i /1112,." Hii 11, (I,' t I11 ." I t_iSS'SS.Sisr`.. ,ri'»J o1,1 s., u ,'S 'r fTor iS that accompanies this report describesthe mothow, ic vesC,gatioT, and provlde,iderailed deriptioo2 andch.?racteriy.ation 011rty seven soi2 proLile,;. iJiud buitablìitv rotine fo: a nilmhoc rypical :w-1,1 units occurring in the different oi L ar:o.a ae also giv,At 'kn. 3 Jeparnte volumerl-tosotimap.iolc thF-: =IN Lot tainFed aorghum are presented. li- CONTENTS AL DE" 1.1 1, 1"), - - - .4 1.3. tt"'irt,ttit'ct . ... 4 5 C55.151151111° - - - -- - - 1.2 Olimaca ) .7 !L NI....;-)L5prtr!,.. (7. )1;1,1) 1 2.4 .Ng,t ttor!...4 ............... t .11 1.3 Geology 1.3.1 Stratgrapriv LIttio1itv ..................... 1.3.2 Hyd(ulog7, 1.4 GeomorOology 1.4,1 Erosion Surfaces 1.4.2 Geomorphological Features 1.5 Natural Vegetation l.5.1 General Vegetan- ........... ,, ,,,, 1.5.2 Vegetation Types related to Maio Muppi,ng 1.6 Land Use 1.6.1 Land Tenure System:3 1.6.2 Major Land Use Types CHAPTER 2 SOILS 2.1 Introduction 2.1.1 Previous investigatlons ..,..................... 2.1.2 Soil Forming Factors 2.2 Soil Classification 2.2.2 Legend of the Soil Map of the World (1974) .....30 2.2.3 The Revised Legend oftto,-..,t Soil Map of the World (1988) 2.2.4 Soil Taxonomy 2.3 Soil Legend 2.3.1 Legend Construction ............................35 2.3.2 Soil Units .....................................38 iii CHAPTER 3 PHYSIOGRAPHIC RELATIONSHIPS 3.1 Ph)i.oraphit_ Unit ............................. 3.2 AR 4, 401111 4, k , uc 43 y ,,,! old ,t 4.4 4,..919,,,'7(91);$99t-17 /olle9 9nd ian99;7,tal7U.,9, ,......., 4.5 99ric19slol.9 ,..........97 ?rences .................. ...................................99 Methods 1,1 Soil I AnalyseF i,9 SoilPhysical Analyses 1.3 Survey Method.; 2 Soil Profile Descriptions and Analysis Selected Land Quality Ratings Annex Reconnaissance Soil maps at 1;297 cale 9,7097phc- ral,9 997:o1;i, 2 Land suitability maps for rainff hum - M/walF/pve 1,ephepLe Palapy., Serowe iv INTRODUCTION This ceport isba;eicallv a revised edition of the previously issued reporr "Soil;;' 0';',Central District, Botswana"(Remmelzwaal, 198z4). The reat,on:.! Eor updating are the following: . A standard format for soils coeprs of the 1:250 000 reconna: series of Botswana has been introduced. Parts of the uid report wete transferred to gene regional standard reconnaissance volumes, Methods of land evaluation have changed and Lar, available with the report. Soil analytical data with theoldreport were Tcompi dn6 unrell`el have since then been improved. 5. The general So il Legend and Soil CT siticalon hav een pleted and now include correlation :cr;d Legend. Soil data storage has been standardized with the Botswana Soil DiAabat-,* which includes an upgrading of all existing analyzed soil profiles. The soil surveys for the tour presented sheets werecarried out from1080 ro 1983. The sheets were printed during 1984/85. The revision did not include any new surveys, but some new data were incorporated. St f C eions Id Recommendation The r.2sults ot theSoilsmwey Lard f(va;uatier, show thaton!v arad (1,:' SE Centr-71 hav marginal ,,:uitohrlity totdry:,A3,' 'a mi.:;,, these are round in the S,,,:owo, Shoshong ana Manalau70 atea:; 2 The Largor part of he sutveyed EILQ i un'tabL t drylanr''A The more aridareas towards the Northeastalidalsoin the SCOAH predominantly shallow and/or sandy soils, Only the river valeyslohich arc partly water receiving have potuntial for dryland farmin It is strongly recommended to evaluate land with respect to its suirab.7i1ty for water harvesting. Inparticular very gently sloping pediments, 111hvi31 terraces andflats as well as upland depresions should he investi,lAted int. more detail, and pilotareas should he sel,rted. The results of the reconnaissance mapping should be consulted wheli malkig a first selection of areas for irrigated agricul.tuto. The ongoing 9omi- detailed surveys should he cntinued along the Limpopo rivor in d its tributaries. 5, update ofsoil and ovalhation data forthe F,otswanaSoil Dat:abase should be continued and extended to other atoas in crlor to fa,'ilitat:.e countrywide comparison and evaluation of soil data, This i pecialt7 unpor. tant as climatic conditiohs are marginal, and minor 'rfc.2reac,7.sin soil properties maystrongly influence suitability, Soil chmical and physi(aI data are essentlal for soli characteri7at on and evaluation. It is therefor.a recommended to make every effort to ertare ptsopor functioning of the Laboratory, and to make preparations for integration with the new Agricultural Research Laboratory. which is Wahaed. It isrecommended ti' develop a morequantifieland evaluation syz,tem fot application at scales of 1150 000 (semi-detailed) Ind latger, espe,ially tor irrigatedagriculture. Acknowledgm s` o map- ,. Lili ..-7L \t, Tht r111,- t -en ' 1..)t ` Pal (-11.-cJ., t- .-I.L contributions have R. 3;L r S cg e r f 4 , IliHo ". datapd. , c' , cr,r, 1 '0,13 Pool proo!'" N OF THE .1 Location The i s i+. -+Lh I L.z.L , ), L+)+AzsLtLiI+ tI 1 L -0,1 1L,,! , C' !o 0:1100 ' L'us1,9, , 1,111111,1+,20 t t' L i 1 (1.1. 71.10 07 i'Ls-.1 ly1)1d:.1 , theW0l>1 L tlt area the following coordt, . , " ., 01:7 Ì" Li 1h,2let i"11 /0 TVX 110 olv CC: ,,:d001:1CJi20* "1"t: , ti: hvz r+++ : , tve ...aattp) LTh e tiAly Ls t_otz,z.,'n1.:+z - the C Lict rct\,-elz1 1.1.2Population ++ T1'1'ta t , n7.-;11 u r 2.:1 00.1_ t th- on C.; o ! 9h ; L d eL h, pn1-tC1 DI; tz`.. ';iz+,`, ON fjfinz.tr,t-,+ ;zt :r4; I QC tA pro:tenttitu1)0 pLI 1,r4l 100 S .! ,2 L '00LA11nl 100 f a L.Cu i1t0, 10,1 10.3\10rr...'d :0,0 9 ",-411" L. 000 VC,j C tL ,)j ". r Fi [AIaZ r:zz, Y, OWL 1"' nett h t-lz/ 1.11,t,V,N1 Whet L t ti LiSIS C tii.L i T.z011) 2.0T1 u :\aor_ytiv,tnJ Xga 1 District.5 si) on .1SI 'Lz+zz Y' ma I ntTho o r titoBamangv H,1 ñh° ma)otity, )1.nyo(cup:,tiw aicahottc,en Sowu - Ziata_Lapye LuI I tawaponi;tt Yu-.area eaat ot Nal.a lapye - Pala pyeand t.he e t.,/-T`L ast ern pa r tarourId Bobonong ) in the soul het:r part the Bakwen t 1;nt - at laareLitema jortribe.; . The administrativec eut/,rofthe st Setowe( 24300) ,wholea:; Matta 1 apyk.(20 000 )and Pa.lapyu L U 00t; ) ) ma jor regi oual. cent e tart . That e are many othr,17 vi llage , mo0 of wl n poptAla ti on of 500 000 4 REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA 1-2/0 2C,` Z ANGOLA A MBI ^ RHOD' A C *7,4 101, f- Now, / ./ N. ( L , 1 / , ' t., i,',/,. I ' A A G ,71P3 R''td 6opearn kunösnati Ped Tshabo,t REPUBLIC 22' Fig.1.1 LOCATION MAP 5 1.1.3 Commurations idt tiani400.1 flìO J lLì'00(,10 Oi .,3) 11 ItavF- , oco :lultuLn1e Theie 1,0wetTel,110 ,H1J1 ,,lorcee or Ftancistovo, rel, is ou.Ly pcss4blo f,o5! ot the mapped area Railleay A major railway runs north-south,throu Aahalapye and Palapye, conlak-ctilol with Francistown and Zimbabwe in the north and,with Gaborore and bouth the south. Branches from Serule to Selebi-Phikwe and Palapye to Mot. coec' the southeast mining centers with the main une. , Main tarmac roads The principal national highway runs south-north from Gaborone to Fran: town, parallel to the railway. A major tarred road connects Serowe with Palapye an extension to Orapa (via Paje, Mmashoro and :,etlhakano) under construction. Another tarmac road connects Selebi-Phikwe,Sewlou- oTv.1 Bobonong with Serulc along the main highway. Secoudany roads Most ot the ialger villages arecon7)ectedwith the principal highway via upgraded secondary grave] roads. The main enes are: Dikabeya (north of Palapye)- Sefopho Palapye (10 km - Martino Drift (borde:' post) Mahalapye - Makwate Parrs Halt (barder post), and a junction connecting with Mschaneng and Tuli B'L-7.ck Mahalapye - Kalamare Mahalapyo -Shoshong Sevurume river (just south of)- Tuli Block (Duffels Driït) Dibete - Mookane Maphashalala, and connecting with Buffels Dri are: Tuli Block Black Line, running parallel to the Limpopc' river, connecting Maphashalala, Makwace, Machaneng, Sherwood, Zanzibar (border po Baines drift (border post) and Ponts Drift (border post).
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