BOOK 3 of 4 SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT How do we get there?
DRAFT · SEPTEMBER 13, 2018 Acknowledgments
Thank you! The participation and cooperation of community leaders, residents, business owners and stakeholders in the preparation of the LIVONIA VISION 21 MASTER PLAN is greatly appreciated and we thank everyone who participated in its development. The content in this Plan reflects the on-going collaboration between residents, stakeholders, and the City of Livonia.
In particular, we acknowledge the efforts of:
LIVONIA DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Mark Taormina, AICP, PCP, Director Scott Miller, Planner IV Barb Gamber, Economic Development Coordinator Marge Watson, Program Supervisor Debra Walter, Clerk
LIVONIA VISION 21 STEERING COMMITTEE CITY COUNCIL CONSULTANT TEAM
Kevin Aoun Scott Bahr McKENNA James Baringhaus Jim Jolly John Jackson, AICP, President Maureen Miller Brosnan Brandon M. Kritzman Paul Lippens, AICP, Project Manager Ruth Ann Brown Kathleen McIntyre Laura Haw, AICP, Project Planner Edward Davis Brian Meakin Deanna Dupuy, Assistant Project Planner Sharon Dolmetsch Laura Toy Jennifer Neal, Assistant Project Planner Heather Douglas Cathy K. White Alex Novak, Assistant Project Planner Frank Grisa Carrie Leitner, Art Director / Graphic Designer Jim Inglis Stacy Jenkins PLANNING COMMISSION Kathleen McIntyre Sam Caramagno OHM Advisors Aaron Domini, Assistant Project Manager Kevin Priddy Glen Long, Jr. Heather Bowden, Project Planner Paul Shepich Elizabeth McCue Forrest Gibson, Landscape Architect Jeff Shingler Kevin Pridd Margherite Novak, Assistant Project Planner Peter Ventura, Chair Carol Smiley Dan West Peter Ventura Ian Wilshaw CITY LEADERSHIP Dennis K. Wright, Mayor Susan M. Nash, Clerk Lynda L. Scheel, Treasurer
i LIVONIA VISION 21 · LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Table of Contents
Acknowledgments...... i Table of Contents...... ii
BOOK 3: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT Introduction...... 1 Sustainability and Resiliency...... 2 Water and Sewer...... 6 Future Transportation Plan...... 8 Future Transportation Map...... 13 Innovative Mobility Strategies...... 15 Healthy Communities ...... 19 Parks...... 21 Housing and Neighborhoods...... 24
LIST OF MAPS LIST OF FIGURES
Map 3.1: Pervious vs. Impervious Land Cover...... 3 Figure 3.1: Excerpt of Livonia Bikeway Map...... 1 Map 3.2: Water and Sewer Infrastructure...... 7 Figure 3.2: Livonia Land Cover (2010)...... 2 Map 3.3 Future Transportation Map...... 13 Figure 3.3: Example Modal Configurations for Boulevards. . 10 Map 3.3: Parks...... 22 Figure 3.4: Example Modal Configurations for venuesA . . . 11 Map 3.4: Residential Land Use...... 25 Figure 3.5: Example Modal Configurations for treetsS . . . . 12 Figure 3.6: Innovative Mobility Connectivity Framework. . . 16 Figure 3.7: Natural Land Uses ...... 23 LIST OF TABLES Figure 3.8: Housing Occupancy...... 27
Table 3.1: Future Transportation Plan Elements...... 9
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Joy Rd Joy Rd Canton City of Westland Dearborn Canton City of Westland Dearborn Heights Township Data Source: City of Livonia, 2015, Michigan Geographic Framework, Township Heights Data Source: City of Livonia, 2015, Michigan Geographic Framework,
Newburgh Rd
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Middle Belt Rd Farmington Rd Michigan Center for Geographic Information, Version 10a. Middle Belt Rd 1 LIVONIA VISION 21 · LIVONIA, MICHIGAN FarmingtonRd Michigan Center for Geographic Information, Version 10a. 26 CITY OF LIVONIA · MICHIGAN Sustainability and Resiliency A sustainable and resilient community possesses a healthy environment, strong economy, and prioritizes the well-being of its residents. While maintaining this natural, social, and economical balance, these concepts work to solve current local issues and look forward to the future through a lens of innovation and progress. This section covers the physical landscape and public programs in Livonia as it relates to sustainability and resiliency.
LAND COVER It is important to look at land cover when talking about sustainability because of its affects on climate stabilization, stormwater management, and water quality . In comparison to Westland, Livonia has a slightly higher impervious surface ratio . Trends in reducing pervious surface starts with setting standards or guidelines for future development . Popular practices for stormwater management include green roofs, bioretention (rain gardens), land permeable paving and pavers .
According to the Southeast Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG), approximately 10,730 9. acres of land (46 .8%) in Livonia are considered to be impervious . This includes buildings, roads, driveways, and parking lots . In terms of pervious acreage, 23 9%. of the City consists of trees and 0 9%. is bare . Bare land includes soils, aggregate piles, and unplanted fields . Approximately 0 7%. of the City is water, which includes all rivers, lakes, drains, and ponds . The map on the following page and graphic below show proportions of land cover in Livonia .
Earth Day 2017, Livonia MI
Figure 3 .2: Livonia Land Cover (2010)
46 .8% 27 7%. 23 9%. Impervious Open Space Trees
Source: SEMCOG Development 0 .9% 0 7%. Bare Water
BOOK 3: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 2 Map 3 1:. Pervious vs . Impervious Land Cover
Pervious Land Cover Impervious Land Cover
Pervious vs . Impervious Land Cover Livonia, MI
3 LIVONIA VISION 21 · LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Special Event, Take Pride in Livonia Day SUSTAINABILITY INITIATIVES AND PROGRAMS IN LIVONIA Beyond efficient use of the land, policies supporting sustainability are important to promote and enforce resilient practices . As a member of Michigan Green Communities, the City of Livonia is dedicated to conserving EFFICIENT NEIGHBORHOOD energy and natural resources, while reducing pollution . The City’s efforts DESIGN have been recognized with awards from SEMCOG and the Michigan Municipal League The. following programs and initiatives were put in place Parks, open space, to work towards their sustainability goals . and natural areas Recycling are important to the The City of Livonia offers residents two options for recycling through the long-term vitality of Curbside Recycling Program and the drop-off Recycle Center . neighborhoods. Greenleaf Commission on Sustainability The mission of the commission is to encourage energy efficiency, Successful conservation, and environmentally friendly practices . It promotes integration of the sustainable living and encourages the Livonia community to incorporate built environment environmentally friendly practices into their daily lives . The Greenleaf Commission provides information and resources to help residents and public open accomplish this . space ensure a high quality of life for Emergency Response Plans residents. The Livonia Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program educates citizens about disaster preparedness for hazards that could impact our area, and trains them in basic disaster response skills .
Regional Ride Share Program The Southeast Michigan Commuter Connect is a trip planning service that helps connect commuters to transportation options . The program intends to reduce Michigan’s carbon footprint by promoting smart and eco-efficient transportation practices .
Nextdoor The City of Livonia has partnered with Nextdoor to share important updates and information requests via the Nextdoor network . There are over 78 neighborhoods in Livonia that are active with Nextdoor neighborhood websites .
BOOK 3: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 4 Sustainable Placemaking Example, Rochester, NY
IMPORTANCE OF EFFICIENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Monitoring and evaluating the efficiency of a city’s programs and policies is extremely important in order to successfully plan for strengthened adaptability and productivity of a city . This responsibility falls under the KEY FINDINGS reliance of municipalities, as the prosperity of the built environment, climate Through the analysis and energy, economy, community culture, equity, safety, natural systems, and consideration of the and innovation of its community depend on sustainability . Municipalities sustainability topics discussed can increase their sustainability by incorporating green initiatives as well as above, the following list supporting the long term financial health of its businesses and increasing presents the section’s key residential density . findings:
Brownfield Redevelopment Authority • With open space scattered The first initiative is the Brownfield Redevelopment Authority . Under throughout the City, it is the U .S . Environmental Protection Agency, a brownfield, the expansion, important to preserve and redevelopment, or reuse of a property which may be complicated by the protect Livonia’s pockets of presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or natural land . contaminant . • While the City directs Asset Management Program initiatives that support a The second initiative is an asset management program that examines the sustainable community, conditions of the City’s water infrastructure . This is a critical move in light programs dedicated of the environmental and health issues that aged water infrastructure can entirely to sustainability are cause when they are either insufficient to handle the higher levels of storm low in number . Programs water being experienced today and or contain contaminants that impact should be modernized and the quality of drinking water . reflect today’s needs and advancements . With the previously mentioned policies and programs put in place by the City of Livonia, and efficient use of the land, great strides have been made towards sustainability .
5 LIVONIA VISION 21 · LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Water and Sewer With today’s development demands and recommendations set forth in this plan, the City’s aging water and sewer infrastructure needs to be addressed. Major concerns with the urbanization of communities include flood control, stormwater detention, and protecting drinking water. The following sections provide background on Livonia’s water and sewer systems.
WATER MAIN The water distribution system service area covers 36 square miles, outlined in Map 3 .2, and obtains its supply through the Great Lakes Water Authority . There are approximately 466 miles of transmission and local distribution mains, varying in size from 6 to 36 inches in diameter . The slight majority of the City’s water system was constructed between 1950 and 1970 . Completed in 2010, the Livonia Water System Master Plan evaluates the adequacy of the water supply, provides an infrastructure assessment, and recommends improvements . Findings from the plan concluded the water system generally provides adequate service with recommendations for water main replacement/rehabilitation for several focus areas .
STORM Located in the Rouge River Watershed, the City of Livonia has in place an existing Stormwater Management Program, as well as stormwater design standards and ordinances . The last Stormwater Management Plan was completed in 2002 . This document reviews the City’s existing stormwater system and management practices and sets recommendations relating to Manhole cover in Livonia, MI physical improvements, policy amendments, and funding options . Since its adoption, several grants have been awarded for projects called out in the plan .
SANITARY The last Asset Management Plan for KEY FINDINGS wastewater was completed in 2016 . The goal Through the analysis and consideration of the infrastructure of the Sanitary Asset Management Program topics discussed above, the following list presents the is to provide and maintain high quality section’s key findings: sanitary sewer collection services to existing and future customers in a cost effective • While the majority of plans addressing water and sewer manner while protecting human health and are up to date, the Stormwater Management Plan should the environment . With 450 miles of sanitary be updated to reflect current needs . sewer pipe and a 10,000 structure manhole • Capacity needs are currently being met, but additional network, the system was found to be aging water storage may be necessary . and in need of routine inspection and associated rehabilitation activities . According • Aging infrastructure in subdivisions requires replacement to the plan, the sanitary sewer system is and rehabilitation . considered to be in good to fair condition .
BOOK 3: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 6 Map 3 .2: Water and Sewer Infrastructure1 Farmington Road
Seven Mile Road Middle Belt Road Newburgh Road
Five Mile Road
I-96
Plymouth Road
Water Main Storm Pipe Sanitary Pipe
Water and Sewer Infrastructure Livonia, MI
7 LIVONIA VISION 21 · LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Future Transportation Plan The Future Transportation Plan sets forth recommendations for the development of public right-of-way in a manner consistent with and supportive of recommendations for Future Land Use. The Future Transportation Map maintains the existing thoroughfare plan designation and adds a design typology designation. The map also displays the current Livonia Community Transit system and the planned Livonia Bike Loop.
LIVONIA VISION 21 officially adopts Bike Walk Livonia as the plan for nonmotorized transportation in the City. The network is designed to link Livonia’s most prominent parks, commercial districts, and employers, and establishes easy to navigate connections for people to drive, walk, bike and ride in their neighborhoods and around the City.
PRIORITY PROJECTS The Future Transportation Plan outlines justification for the LIVONIA VISION 21 three-year priority project list, with emphasis on the following three transportation projects:
• East Plymouth Road Corridor Plan • Livonia Bike Loop • Transit and Innovative Mobility Study
THOROUGHFARE PLAN The City of Livonia developed during an era that focused on accommodating automobiles . Livonia’s neighborhoods, shopping centers, schools, offices, and churches are connected through a vast road system and typically provide ample parking facilities . Initially, safe and strong non-motorized travel amenities were not prioritized in design, leaving many arterial corridors without sidewalks and bicycle facilities . The Bike Walk Livonia Plan outlines principles and priorities for retrofitting the transportation system to provide connectivity by all modes . A strength of Livonia’s roadway network is that it is primarily a grid pattern, which allows for easier navigation and connectivity by all travelers .
BOOK 3: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 8 Table 3 1:. Future Transportation Plan Elements
Design Thoroughfare Plan Description Miles R.O.W. Width Typology Designations in Feet Designation
Connects communities and services major Freeway 9 .41 n/a n/a activity centers .
Connects communities and services major Arterial Highway 6 61. 100-120 Boulevard activity centers .
Manages heavy volumes of traffic to other areas Arterial Street 58 .84 100-120 Boulevard of the City .
Special Arterial A broad avenue that services adjacent land use . n/a 180 Boulevard
Manages heavy volumes of traffic to other areas City Major Road 23 61. n/a Boulevard of the City and/or communities .
Funnels or directs traffic primarily for a Industrial/Commercial 15 79. n/a Avenue commercial and/or industrial purpose .
Junction between local streets and major road Collector I with high rate of traffic (from major road to major 3 12. 86 Avenue road) .
Collector II Junction between local streets and major road . 28 .5 70 -100 Avenue
Course through a park or landscaped Parkway 4 .39 n/a Boulevard development .
Provides access into neighborhoods and Local Street 331 .91 60 Street adjacent properties .
Reserved R.O.W. Land designated for future highways and streets . 0 51. 86 Avenue
Sidewalk A paved walk for pedestrians within the R .O W. . n/a 4-10 n/a
The Livonia Bike Loop is the phase 1 bike system Livonia Bike Loop 31 73. 5-9 n/a recommendation from Bike Walk Livonia .
Livonia Community Transit links to DDOT Bus Route 38 on Plymouth Road and SMART on Transit n/a n/a n/a Grand River . Two fixed routes service peak hour commutes with 18 stops .
Due to environmental constraints or if heavy Street Discontinuity n/a n/a n/a traffic is not desired .
A passage provided at a railroad crossing Railroad Grade n/a n/a n/a Separation (overpass/underpass) .
DESIGN TYPOLOGIES The Future Land Use Plan establishes three design typologies for retrofitting roadway improvements: Boulevards, Avenues, and Streets . The following sections provide a description and examples of each typology .
9 LIVONIA VISION 21 · LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Boulevards
A boulevard is a street designed for higher vehicle capacity and moderate speed, traversing an urbanized area . High vehicle capacity makes boulevards good choices for use as primary transit routes . Boulevards commonly are designed with landscaped medians, making them suitable for green infrastructure treatments . The presence of landscaping, as well as ample separation from vehicle ways, make boulevards desirable pedestrian corridors . Boulevards should include bikeways and are good candidates for bike lanes and shared-use paths, depending on context and the number of driveways and intersections . Boulevards may be equipped with bus lanes or side- access lanes to buffer sidewalks and buildings . Side-access lanes are good candidates for shared lane markings .
Figure 3 .3: Example Configurations for Boulevards
Cross Section Scale: 1 Inch = 10 Feet
RESIDENTIAL
10 7 7 11 10 10 10 11 7 7 10 Shared Furniture Furniture Cross Section Scale: 1 Inch = 10Parking Feet Vehicle Vehicle Median/ Vehicle Vehicle Parking Shared Use Path Zone/ Lane Lane Lane Turn Lane Lane Lane Lane Zone/ Use Path Curb Zone Curb Zone
Blvd - Suburban Residential - 100 Mode Hierarchy = WBTA
Commercial
10 9 12 12 14 12 12 9 10 Shared Use Furniture Vehicle Vehicle Median/ Vehicle Vehicle Furniture Shared Use Path Zone/ Lane Lane Turn Lane Lane Lane Zone/ Path Curb Curb Cross Section Scale: 1 Inch = 10 Feet Zone Zone
Blvd Suburban Commercial - 100 Mode Hierarchy = ATWB
INDUSTRIAL
5 5 8 12 12 16 12 12 8 10 Pedestrian Buffered Vehicle Vehicle Median/ Vehicle Vehicle Furniture Shared Zone Bike Lane Lane Lane Turn Lane Lane Lane Zone/ Use Path Curb Furniture Zone Zone/ Curb Zone
Blvd Suburban - Industrial - 100 Mode Hierarchy = ATBW BOOK 3: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 10 Avenues
An avenue is a street of moderate to high vehicular capacity and low to moderate speed, acting as a connector between urban centers . Avenues often are commercial corridors with wide pedestrian facilities and on-street parking . Avenues may be equipped with landscaped medians and should include bike lanes or marked shared lanes, especially if they are planned links in a bikeway network . Avenues frequently serve as links to a multitude of transit systems .
Figure 3 .4: Example Configurations for Avenues
Cross Section Scale: 1 Inch = 10 Feet
Cross Section Scale: 1 Inch = 10 Feet RESIDENTIAL 5 5 7 5 12 12 12 5 7 5 5 Furniture Bike Vehicle Median Vehicle Bike Furniture Zone/ Lane Lane Lane Lane Zone/ Curb Zone Curb Zone Pedestrian Parking Parking Pedestrian Zone Lane Lane Zone
Ave Suburban Residential = 80 Mode Hierarchy = WBAT
Commercial 5 6 6 7 5 11 11 5 7 6 6 5 Frontage Furniture Parking Bike Vehicle Lane Vehicle Lane Bike Parking Furniture Frontage Zone Zone/ Lane Lane Lane Lane Zone/ Zone Curb Zone Curb Zone
Pedestrian Pedestrian Zone Zone
Ave Suburban Mixed-Use = 80 Mode Hierarchy = WBTA
INDUSTRIAL
3 6 8 7 11 10 11 10 8 6 Pedestrian Parking Vehicle Median/ Vehicle Cycle Track Pedestrian Zone Lane Lane Turn Lane Lane Two Directions Zone Frontage Furniture Furniture Zone Zone/ Zone/ Curb Zone Curb Zone
Ave - Suburban Industrial = 80 Mode Hierarchy = WBPT 11 LIVONIA VISION 21 · LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Streets
A street is a local connection facility . Streets can make connections along commercial corridors but often serve residential areas . Street character may vary in response to the adjacent commercial or residential area . Streets usually have raised curbs, drainage inlets, wide sidewalks, space for parallel parking, and trees in individual or continuous planters . Residential streets with open drainage and no sidewalks are common and appropriate some settings . Signed bike routes using shared lanes and bike boulevards are often appropriate treatments for streets; bike lanes and shared lane markings should be considered on streets with heavier traffic . Transit routes are less common on streets; however, connection to transit via bicycle and pedestrian modes is necessary
Cross Section Scale: 1 Inch = 10 Feet Figure 3 .5: Example Configurations for Streets
RESIDENTIAL
7 11 7 9 9 7 11 7 Pedestrian Furniture Parking Vehicle Vehicle Parking Furniture Pedestrian Zone Zone/ Lane Lane Lane Lane Zone/ Zone Cross Section Scale:Curb Zone 1 Inch = 10 Feet Curb Zone
Street - Suburban Residential = 66 Mode Hierarchy = WBAT
Commercial
1 5 5 7 5 10 10 5 7 5 5 1 Pedestrian Parking Bike Vehicle Vehicle Bike Parking Pedestrian Zone Lane Lane Lane Lane Lane Lane Zone Cross Section Scale: 1 Inch = 10 Feet Frontage Furniture Furniture Frontage Zone Zone/ Zone/ Zone Curb Zone Curb Zone
Street Urban Single Use = 66 Mode Hierarchy = BWAT
INDUSTRIAL 5 5 5 7 11 11 7 5 5 5 Frontage Furniture Parking Shared Shared Parking Furniture Frontage Zone Zone/ Lane Lane/ Lane/ Lane Zone/ Zone Curb Zone Vehicle Vehicle Curb Zone Lane Lane Pedestrian Pedestrian Zone Zone BOOK 3: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 12
Street Rural Village = 66 Mode Hierarchy = WABT City of City of City of Novi Farmington Hills City of Southfield Farmington Future Transportation Map 8 Mile Rd City of Livonia, Michigan
THOROUGHFARES Boulevards / Arterials (100-120 ft) Arterial Highway 7 Mile Rd Arterial Street N e w b u rg h R d City Major Road 275 Avenues / Collectors (70-100 ft)
Northville Collector 1 Township Collector 2 96 Industrial/Commercial Reserved R.O.W. 6 Mile Rd F a rm in g to n R d Parkway
H a g g e rty R d
M e rrim a n R d Streets / Locals (60 ft) Local Street Street Discontinuity Railroad Grade Separation
M id d le B e lt R d
5 Mile Rd Inkster Rd Livonia Bike Loop
RedfordLIVONIA COMMUNITY TRANSIT TownshipBotsford Run Millennium Park Run Bus Stop DDOT Route 38 Plymouth Township 96 LAND USE
City of City Center / Mixed Development Center Plymouth P ly m o u th R d Parks and Community
275 Eckles Rd
0 0.5 1
MILES
Joy Rd
Canton City of Dearborn July 12, 2018 City of DRAFT Township Westland Heights
Innovative Mobility Strategies LIVONIA VISION 21 advances Livonia’s transportation network with innovative mobility strategies for connecting residents locally and regionally. The single occupant vehicle travel pattern characterized by door-to-door private vehicle trips can be supplemented by mixed- mode behaviors. Whether its sharing a ride to a meeting with a colleague, walking to lunch, or riding your bike to the trail, the one mode transportation day is in the past. The Plan adopts the following Innovative Mobility Connectivity Framework to guide future transportation policy in the City.
Multimodal Land Use Strategy: Transportation Network Encourage place-based system Companies: Encourage ride hailing INNOVATIVE MOBILITY design that increases travel choices services provided by transportation CONNECTIVITY linking to multimodal transit hubs . network companies, like Uber and FRAMEWORK Lyft, to operate in the City . Facilitate Walkable and Ridable Densities: service by creating priority curbside Encourage walkable and ridable drop-off locations and designated housing infill and adaptive reuse places to wait for fares . within mixed development centers around multimodal transit hubs . A Connected and Automated housing density of 16 dwelling units Vehicles (CAV): Become an per acre is considered to be transit early adopter of connected and supportive . Pedestrian priority automated vehicle technology should be given within mixed through policy and leading by development centers minimally ½ example with fleet management mile from multimodal transit hubs . and facility design . Review and update zoning and engineering Safe and Convenient Bike standards accordingly . Accommodations: Bikeways and bike sharing systems should • CAV land form impact areas: continue to be a priority for system »» Access management implementation as guided by »» Building disposition Bike Walk Livonia . Facilities within »» Auto-oriented land uses 2 to 4 miles of the hubs should »» Parking requirements be prioritized with a high priority »» Building massing given to intersection treatments that connect neighborhoods . • CAV roadway function impact The Livonia Bike Loop includes areas near term connections to »» Turning radii neighborhoods and destinations »» Target speed as well as priority crossing retrofits »» Lane width where appropriate . »» Clearance »» Engineering judgment
15 LIVONIA VISION 21 · LIVONIA, MICHIGAN INNOVATIVE MOBILITY CONNECTIVITY FRAMEWORK Draft Date: July 16, 2018
Multimodal Transit Hub
Mixed Development Area Walk Zone
Bikeways & Bike Share
Transporation Network Companies Ride Hailing / Car Share
Regional Transit
Local Transit / Circulator Demand Response Mini-Transit
Figure 3 6:. Innovative Mobility Connectivity Framework
Multimodal Transit Center Bikeways and Bike Share Regional Transit
Mixed Development Area Transportation Network Companies Local Transit / Circulator Walk Zone Ride Hailing / Car Share Demand Response Mini-Transit
Local Transit: Support and Regional Transit: Consider Corridor Planning: Implement encourage the expansion of supporting connectivity to regional system improvements through Livonia Community Transit which transit service . The current strategic corridor planning and currently operates two-peak hour Connecting Southeast Michigan segment improvements . Near-term local circulator routes to connect Plan developed by the Regional corridors for study include: to DDOT and SMART routes as Transit Authority (RTA) will improve well as an on-demand resident ride Livonia’s connectivity to the • Plymouth Road paratransit program . In the future, region with 15-minute service • 5 Mile Road demand response mini-transit, recommended on Grand River • 7 Mile Road including driverless shuttles, could corridor and a Commuter Express • Middle Belt Road be utilized to connect to multimodal Route along the Plymouth Corridor . transit hubs during peak hours Livonia is also located in the Core and circulator service could be Area Flexible Mobility designation, expanded . which is earmarked for transit investment at $20 Million per year .
BOOK 3: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 16 Planning for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAV) requires the balancing of transportation objectives and safety with all modes.
CONNECTED AND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES LIVONIA VISION 21 supports advancing the City’s transportation network with a robust and sustainable vision for future development . The vision realizes the full potential of CAV’s and Transportation Network Companies (TNC’s) and changing mobility preferences and employment patterns . This technology offers the potential for shorter travel distances, slower traffic speeds, and more transportation options, and pick-up and drop-off zones .
The early adoption of CAV’s and TNC’s technology offers Livonia many benefits, including potential reductions in parking requirements, the re-purposing of excess parking lots, shared/flexible vehicle lane usage, the inclusion of other modes on the street, reduction of vehicle lane dimensions, the setting of safe target speeds, the design of safe intersections and crosswalks, and pedestrian-priority streets . Excess right- of-way capacity resulting from CAV capacity improvements should be given to bicycles and transit .
LIVONIA VISION 21 recognizes that to realize the benefits of CAV and TNC technologies, strategies must be deployed in conjunction with transit and nonmotorized systems, particularly to service the first and last miles transit trips or integrated into a leg of a nonmotorized travel day .
Livonia’s Future Transportation Plan promotes land use policy that encourages population density and bicycle facilities near mixed development centers, allowing individuals the opportunity to walk or bike to destinations rather than rely upon CAV’s and TNC’s for short trips .
17 LIVONIA VISION 21 · LIVONIA, MICHIGAN ET R F TI
RE I M I IT RE I andmark Arterials / Freeway Entertainment Transit orridors arge Employers ikeways Event Parking IT IT ollectors Institutions Transit Routes Day / ight ife IV IA IV IA ikeways Entrepreneur / Small usiness P A DISTRI T ocals DISTRI T Transit Stops Housing Streetscapes Public Space Services A ESSI I IT
A D F RM
BIKE WALK LIVONIA AND THE LIVONIA BIKE LOOP ACCESS MANAGEMENT As mentioned prior, the Bike Walk Livonia Plan includes expansive Access management strategies can recommendations for the development of the nonmotorized network in the improve pedestrian and vehicle City and is adopted as part of LIVONIA VISION 21 . The proposed Livonia circulation and safety . Access Bike Loop is the defining feature of the bikeway network . The loop will management reduces the number connect to 80% of Bike Walk Livonia’s established priority destinations of points of access to the street from and 55% of the secondary destinations . In total, the Livonia Bike Loop will adjacent properties . This benefits connect 13 parks community facilities, 11 schools, and 7 commercial districts . pedestrians by reducing the number The Loop can be subdivided into six distinct projects: of points along a sidewalk where they may encounter a vehicle, and • Project 1: it benefits traffic by reducing the Hubbard, between Lyndon and Rotary Park - underway number of points for other vehicles to enter the street . Cross access and • Project 2: rear alleys between developments Lyndon, between Levan and Inkster - underway helps to limit total number of driveways as sites are redeveloped . • Project 3: Stark, between Hines Park and Lyndon
• Project 4: Levan, between 5 Mile and 7 Mile
• Project 5: Curtis, Between Levan and 7 Mile / Middle Belt
• Project 6: 5 Mile, between Haggarty and Inkster and the St . Mary’s Loop
BOOK 3: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 18 Healthy Communities Healthy communities are measured through the standard quality of life that is driven by the municipal services available to residents. Strong municipal leadership that prioritizes citizen involvement helps to provide a basis for transparent, equitable access to quality spaces and programs that enrich the lives of all community members. Livonia residents benefit from proximity to local health care providers including St. Mary’s Mercy Hospital. The following section outlines current programs and policies that the City of Livonia provides to support its healthy community.
COMMUNITY WELLNESS INITIATIVES AND PROGRAMS IN LIVONIA The following sections outline key municipal services put in place by the City of Livonia that promote well-being for all residents .
Resources for Seniors Livonia’s Commission on Aging was established to provide citizen output on programs and services that are beneficial and promote the enrichment of the lives of the senior population .
The Civic Park Senior Center offers various activities and resources available to Livonia seniors . Livonia provides information on nutrition programs through Wayne County and local resources . Transit options for seniors offered through the Senior Center Bus Service, which provides rides within the City limits on a donation basis .
Food Programs In the summer months, access to fresh, local produce is available Fire Station Open House, Livonia MI through the Wilson Barn Farmer’s Market . The barn also hosts various other community events and previously served as a functioning dairy farm . Another option for fresh produce are the Community Gardens are Public Safety Services located at Greenmead Historical Park, where residents can rent garden are essential to strong, plots . Focus: HOPE Food Distribution and Commodity Foods Distribution healthy communities. programs also help serve qualified residents to distribute food . The culture of Youth Assistance Program safety and health is Livonia’s youth assistance program offers the following components supported through through the Youth Employment Resource Center: public education • Trained Volunteer Mentors • Wayne County Jail/Milan Federal Prison Tours and engagement • Outdoor Adventure Challenge opportunities, such • Community Work-service as the Livonia Fire • Project Impact Group • Alternative Parenting Skills Station Open House. • Youth Employment
19 LIVONIA VISION 21 · LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Youth Activities and Sports Programs It was reported in the Mayor’s 2014 State of the City address that 16,000 Livonia youth residents participated in team sports . Coordinating organizations include:
• Livonia Junior Athletic League • Newburgh Swim Club • Livonia Hockey Assocation • Bulldog Aquatic Club • Livonia Hawks and Wolves Soccer Clubs, • Livonia and Clarenceville School District Teams • Livonia Parks and Recreation, • Catholic Youth Organization at St . Michael and St . • Livonia Family YMCA Edith Schools • Livonia Gymnastics Academy • Business Bowling and Dance Groups • Livonia Community Swim Club • Neighborhood Association Activities • Fairway Farms Swim Club • TJW Junior Golf Program
Southeast Michigan VA Medical Facilities Livonia promotes and provides information regarding the following medical facilities for veterans in Southeast Michigan:
• John D . Dingell VA Medical Center • VA Ann Arbor Shuttle Service • VA Pontiac Outpatient Clinic • Westland Area Shuttle • VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System
City of Livonia Services Dedicated Towards Community Wellness The City offers Mental Health Counseling to Livonia residents and provides financial assistance to income eligible individuals to obtain professional mental health counseling services .
The Medical Equipment Loan Closet is located at the Civic Park Senior Center and offers wheelchairs, transfer/bath benches, canes, walkers, portable commodes and other durable medical aids to Livonia residents to loan .
The Livonia Emergency Assistance Program is provided by the Housing Commission to provide eligible low/ moderate income residents with utility shut-off assistance .
Clubs and Organizations To support a strong and connected community, the City’s Parks and Recreation Department co-sponsors a large number of club and athletic groups . The clubs include organization for those interested in the arts, culture, athletics, and a task force dedicated to education and empowerment for Livonia’s youth .
TRENDS IN HEALTH AND WELLNESS Healthy and sustainable initiatives can enhance the overall quality of life in a community, attract talented individuals, and encourage high-quality development . Investments in park space, trails, and other community amenities promote a healthy lifestyle for residents and help to draw regional visitors .
Municipalities that embrace diversity, value resident ownership and participation, and build on community assets are most successful in achieving a healthy community .
KEY FINDINGS Through the analysis and consideration of the healthy community topics discussed above, the following list presents the section’s key findings:
• The City of Livonia has a strong network of programs and policies that support a healthy community . It is important that residents are aware of all resources available to them .
BOOK 3: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 20 Parks From neighborhood parks to open green spaces, the wide-ranging benefits of parks reach economic development, community health, and sustainability and resiliency. This section provides a review on Livonia’s parks, recreational facilities, and natural space.
LIVONIA PARKS
The City of Livonia owns over 1,389 acres of park and recreational land with 60 parks and a community recreation center . A great importance is placed on pride of public and recreational spaces through Adopt or Sponsor a Park Programs and Take pride in Livonia Day . Nature preserve sites include Grandview park, Windridge Park, Bicentennieal Park, Rotary Park, Blue Grass Park . With various nature trails throughout the City, paths dedicated to walking are available at Bicentennial Park, Clements Cirlce, Mies Park, Jack E . Kirksey Recreation Center, Rotary Park, and Bien Park . Map 3 .3 shows all parks located in the City of Livonia .
1 . Bai-Lynn Playfield 36 . Hines Park - Newburgh Pointe 2 . Bainbridge Park 37 . Hines Park - Oak Grove 3 . Beverly Park 38 . Hines Park - Sumac Pointe 4 . Bicentennial Park & Nature Preserve 39 . Idyl Wyld Golf Course 5 . Bien Park 40 . John F . Dooley Park 6 . Bluegrass Park & Nature Preserve 41 . Kleinert Play Field 7 . Botsford Pool 42 . Laurel South Park 8 . Broadmoor Park 43 . Linden Wood Park Mies Park, Livonia MI 9 . Castle Gardens Park 44 . Livonia Jaycee Park 10 . City Park 45 . Madonna Nature Preserve 11 . Civic Center Park 46 . Meadows Park 12 . Clements Circle Park and Pool 47 . Middle Rouge Parkway 13 . Compton Park 48 . Moelke Park 14 . Country Homes Park 49 . Nash Park 15 . Denmar Nature Preserve 50 . Nature Preserve 16 . Devon-Aire Woods Park 51 . Nottingham West Park 17 . Dover Nature Preserve 52 . Oasis Golf Center 18 . Elliot Tot Lot 53 . Parkview Park 19 . Elm Park 54 . Pastor Park 20 . Fairway Park 55 .Prides Court Park 21 . Ford Field and Eddie Edgar Ice Arena 56 .Quakertown Park 22 . Gaylord Tot Lot 57 . Robert C . McCann Park 23 . Gold Manor Park 58 . Rosedale Park 24 . Golfview Nature Preserve 59 . Rotary Park & Nature Preserve 25 . Grandview Nature Preserve 60 . Sesquicentennial Park 26 .Greenbriar Nature Preserve 61 . Sheldon Park & Pool 27 . Greenmead Historical Park 62 .Sunset Park 28 . Greenwood Park 63 . Tennis Courts 29 . Grennada Nature Preserve 64 . Veteran’s Memorial Plaza 30 . Harry Wolf Tot Lot 65 .Wayne-Six Park 31 . Hearthstone Park 66 .Whispering Willows Golf Course 32 . Helman Nature Preserve 67 . Wilson Acres Park 33 . Hillcrest Park 68 . Wilson Barn 34 . Hines County Park 69 . Winridge Nature Preserve 35 . Hines Park - Levan Knoll
21 LIVONIA VISION 21 · LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Map 3 .3: Parks
31
27 66 69 25 48 44 33 7 4 Seven Mile Road 50 55 2 3 23 15 53
51 32 Farmington Road 62 46 59 65
56 57 20 42
24 8 Middle Belt Road
28 39 52 64 Five Mile Road 68 30 5 11 26 49 9 13 45 21 54 1 40
29 22 1-96 Newburgh Road
36 19
38 34 60 61 14 18 12 41 68 35 37 16 58 10 17 67 43 47
City of Livonia and Wayne County Parks Rivers Trails
Parks Livonia, MI
BOOK 3: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 22 TRENDS IN PARKS AND OPEN SPACE With trends in people-oriented design, park space is extremely important to create public space that brings all residents and visitors together and to increase the area’s quality of life . One way municipalities are increasing their percentage of park space is to re- purpose under-utilized sites and properties as park, green, or open space . As the need for green space grows, the goal for many is create these public spaces whenever and wherever possible . While the addition of park space is growing in demand, there is an equal demand for conservation of existing open space and green space Figure 3 7:. Natural Land Uses – Livonia, 2008 Roughly 18% of the City consists of parkland and open space . 7 9%. (1,803 Acres) Approximately 1,919 acres of the City is utilized as parkland 0 .5% (115 .5 Acres) and open space . This includes agricultural uses, park land, 92% (21,024 .5 Acres) recreation, open space, and water . Land uses that are not considered for natural space include residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, transportation, and LAND USES utility . The graphic below shows the Park, Recreation, and Open Space distribution of the natural land use .
The National Recreation and Park Water Association (NRPA) states that Agriculture (0%) the typical ratio of 10 1. acres of Park, Recreation, and Open Space parkland per 1,000 residents is All Other Land Uses offered through municipality . Cities that have populations from 50,000 Agricultural Park, recreation, and open space Water All Other Land Uses Source: SEMCOG Development to 99,999, on average, have a ratio of 9 .4 acres of parkland to 1,000 residents . Livonia, with a population within that range, has nearly KEY FINDINGS double the acreage of parkland, Through the analysis and consideration of the topics discussed above, open space, and green space per the following list presents the section’s key findings: 1,000 residents . With significant parkland, it is important for Livonia • With an abundant and wide-spread network of parks, it is important to preserve and promote these to protect and preserve current open space . spaces, and maintain quality parks . • Adequate funding and management is important as the current network ages and new development increases .
23 LIVONIA VISION 21 · LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Housing and Neighborhoods As the City’s backbone, Livonia’s neighborhoods provide a close-knit, small-town sense of community, and family-oriented atmosphere. The following sections discuss the City’s residential areas and the housing stock that fill its neighborhoods.
RESIDENTIAL CHARACTER
The majority of Livonia’s neighborhoods are laid out in both a traditional grid pattern and curvilinear pattern with cul-de-sacs, and consist of primarily low-density, single family dwellings . The housing stock reflects mid-to-late 20th Century development patterns of Metropolitan Detroit subdivisions, with 70% of the housing stock built between 1950 and 1980, the newer development concentrated towards the northwest corner of the city .
The overall character boasts a family-friendly atmosphere and accessible cost of living, central location, and strong municipal services and amenities . There are currently 14 neighborhoods designated, with one historic district, Old Rosedale Gardens . The framework of the mile grid serves as the arterial roadways, routing traffic, north, south, east, and west . Interstate 96 allows for east-west access, while Interstate 275 allows for north-south access in and out of Livonia .
RESIDENTIAL LAND USE AND ZONING The following list outlines all residential zoning districts within Livonia, Old Rosedale Garden, Livonia MI established in the current Zoning Ordinance:
• One Family Residential District • Rural Urban Farm District • Two Family Residential District • Condominium Residential District • Multiple Family Residential District • High Rise Multiple Family Residential District • Condominium High Rise Multiple Family Residential District • Housing for the Elderly District The Single-Family Residential District is the largest area zoned for residential uses . Map 3 .4 displays current land use zoning districts throughout the City of Livonia that are strictly residential in comparison to all other land uses . Overall, about 45% and 10,335 .80 acres of the City is zoned for residential development . Within it’s residential development, the City’s housing stock is 84% owner-occupied and 16% renter- occupied .
BOOK 3: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 24 Map 3 .4: Residential Land Use Farmington Road
Seven Mile Road Middle Belt Road Newburgh Road
Five Mile Road
I-96
Plymouth Road
Residential All Other Land Uses
Residential Land Use Livonia, MI
25 LIVONIA VISION 21 · LIVONIA, MICHIGAN NEIGHBORHOODS ASSOCIATIONS: Neighborhood associations reinforce community pride and ownership, create effective methods for addressing resident needs, and serve as a collective voice in partnership with city government. Newburgh Park, Livonia Livonia houses the following organized HOUSING TRENDS neighborhoods and associations: From diverse housing options to quality public space, there are a number of variables that go into developing and maintaining quality neighborhoods . • Brookside of Livonia Providing a range of housing options in safe and comfortable • Burton Hollow Swim Club neighborhoods is critical to the overall success of the community, from a workforce and economic development perspective, to socialization and • Clements Circle Civic community pride . In simple terms, neighborhoods are the back bone of a Association community and foundation for how a city operates now and for generations • Coventry Gardens to come .
• Devon-Air Civic Association Current national trends show that the majority of individuals choose where • Fairway Farms Swim and to live based on location first, and then resolve the logistics of finding Tennis Club employment and housing . This results in increased competition for jobs and housing in popular urban areas that offer the desired amenities . Because • Newburgh Swim Club of this, a declining number are choosing to live in outlying suburbs, small • Nottingham West Civic towns, and rural areas as these locations lack the sought-after amenities Association and have less opportunities for employment . • Old Rosedale Gardens Home Owners Association As housing needs and wants change with the shifting demographics, gaps in affordability and availability also become apparent . Average-income • On the Pond Condominiums earning individuals and families are struggling to find suitable, affordable • SMB Estates Civic housing . An increasingly popular solution described in Book 2 is “Missing Association Middle Housing ”. “Missing Middle Housing” is a term referring to a range • Stoneleigh Village of multi-unit or clustered housing types with a range in affordability, compatible in scale with single family homes that help meet the growing • Woodbrooke Homeowners demand for walkable urban living . It addresses the desires of both Association millennials and baby boomers while considering the available housing • Livonia Neighbors and stock . As the emphasis on walkability and the diversifying of lifestyles, Friends households and incomes increase, it is extremely important to address the • Woodbury Park location and type of housing in the community .
BOOK 3: SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 26 Outlined in the table below, between 2010 and 2018, the vast majority of Figure 3 .8: Housing Occupancy building permits issued have been for single family housing, with only 60 in 2010 for multi-unit apartment . Compared to similar communities (Canton Township, Plymouth Township, and Lyon Township), Livonia has had fewer flexible living units permitted from 2015-2018 .
Prior to 2015, the greatest growth was in Single Family Detached dwellings, alongside a significant decrease in Multi-Unit Apartments . The table displays these changes from 2000 - 2010, as this shows greater fluctuations in housing type that 2015-2018 and to emphasize long term changes in housing development . The graphic to the right outlines 84% occupancy rates in Livonia, showing the majority of households being owner occupied .
With a declining number of flexible living options being introduced in Livonia, it is important for the City to focus on development that varies Renter Occupied in size, affordability, and density from the existing housing . Further Owner Occupied recommendations in this plan support the needs of future generations, based on lifestyle trends and the existing conditions of Livonia’s housing 37,164 Total Housing Units stock and neighborhoods . Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates
Table 3 1:. Livonia Housing Type
2010 2015 New Units Housing Type Change Permitted Number Percent Number Percent 2010-2015 2015 - 2018 Single Family Detached 33,645 86.63% 34,055 86.77% 410 169 Duplex 86 0.22% 89 0.23% 3 0 Townhouse / Attached Condo 1,162 2.99% 1,155 2.94% -7 0 Multi-Unit Apartment 3,863 9.95% 3,843 9.79% -20 12 Mobile Home / Manufactured Housing 83 0.21% 104 0.26% 21 0 Other 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 0 Total 38,839 39,246 407 181 Units Demolished -25 Net1 156
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010, and 2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, SEMCOG Development 1Net = Total Permitted Units - Units Demolished
KEY FINDINGS Through the analysis and consideration of the housing and neighborhood topics discussed above, the following list presents the section’s key findings:
• The current neighborhood character supports a wide range of residents, but is primarily geared towards families and older generations . • Zoning is spatially segregated . This drives the need for connectivity to support walkability and easy access to neighborhood amenities . • Within the past eight years, the primary type of housing permitted has been Single-Family Detached . Similarly, the vast majority of today’s housing stock consists of owner occupied dwellings . This calls for the need to diversify housing options in terms of size and functionality .
27 LIVONIA VISION 21 · LIVONIA, MICHIGAN Figure 3 .8: Housing Occupancy LIVONIA VISION 21 CITY OF LIVONIA, MI