ADAPTASI SOSIAL UMAT BERAGAMA DI KABUPATEN KOLAKA TIMUR (Studi Umat Islam, Kristen, Dan Hindu Di Kecamatan Ladongi)

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ADAPTASI SOSIAL UMAT BERAGAMA DI KABUPATEN KOLAKA TIMUR (Studi Umat Islam, Kristen, Dan Hindu Di Kecamatan Ladongi) ADAPTASI SOSIAL UMAT BERAGAMA DI KABUPATEN KOLAKA TIMUR (Studi Umat Islam, Kristen, dan Hindu di Kecamatan Ladongi) SKRIPSI Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat guna Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Pendidikan pada Program Studi Pendidikan Sosiologi Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar Oleh : NIAR LINGGAENI NIM : 105381100816 UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MAKASSAR FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN SOSIOLOGI FEBRUARI 2021 ix ix ixi ixii ABSTRAK ixiii Niar Linggaeni. 2021. Adaptasi Sosial Umat Beragama Di Kabupaten Kolaka Timur (Studi Umat Islam, Kristen, dan Hindu Di Kecamatan Ladongi). Skripsi, Program Studi Pendidikan Sosiologi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar. Pembimbing I Muhammad Nawir dan pembimbing II Risfaisal. Penelitian ini mengamati dan mendeskripsikan adaptasi sosial yang dilakukan antar umat beragama di kecamatan Ladongi Kabupaten Kolaka Timur. Tujuan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) awal mula munculnya keberagaman agama di kecamatan Ladongi, (2) proses adaptasi sosial antar umat beragama di kecamatan Ladongi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pen- dekatan studi kasus yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses adaptasi sosial antar umat beragama di kecamatan Ladongi. Informan dalam penelitian ini yaitu, masyarakat dan tokoh dari masing-masing agama, yakni Islam, Kristen, dan Hindu, pemerintah setempat, serta orang yang mengetahui sejarah keberagaman agama di kecamatan Ladongi. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian mengatakan bahwa awal mula munculnya keberagaman agama di kecamatan Ladongi yaitu agama Islam dan Kristen sudah ada sejak masa Kerajaan Mekongga. Kemudian pada tahun 1972 agama Hindu mulai masuk serta agama Islam dan Kristen semakin bertambah populasinya melalui program transmigrasi. Proses adaptasi antar penganut agama dilakukan dengan kesadaran untuk saling menghargai satu sama lain. Selain itu terjadi pula perkawinan silang antar agama yang membuat hubungan antar umat beragama semakin harmonis. Kata Kunci: Adaptasi Sosial, Umat Beragama. ABSTRACT ixiv Niar Linggaeni. 2021. Social Adaptation of Religious People in East Kolaka Regency (Study of Muslims, Christians and Hindus in Ladongi District). Essay. Faculty of Teacher Training and Education. Muhammadiyah University of Makassar. Supervised by Advisor I Muhammad Nawir and mentor II Risfaisal This study observes and describes the social adaptation carried out by reli- gious communities in Ladongi sub-district, East Kolaka Regency. The purpose of this study aims to determine (1) the origin of the emergence of religious diversity in Ladongi sub-district, (2) the process of social adaptation between religious communities in Ladongi sub-district. This type of research is qualitative research with a case study approach which aims to determine the social adaptation process between religious commu- nities in Ladongi sub-district. The informants in this study are the community and figures from each religion, namely Islam, Christianity and Hinduism, the local government, as well as people who know the history of religious diversity in Ladongi sub-district. Data collection techniques are by means of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that the origin of the emergence of religious diversity in Ladongi sub-district, namely Islam and Christianity, has existed since the days of the Mekongga Kingdom. Then in 1972 Hinduism began to enter and Islam and Christianity increased in population through the transmigration program. The adaptation process between religious adherents is carried out with the awareness of respecting one another. Apart from that, inter-religious intermarriage occurred which made the relationship between religious communities more harmonious. Keywords: Social Adaptation, Religious People. ixv 1 KATA PENGANTAR بِ ْس ِم ه َِّللا ال هر ْح َم ِن ال هر ِحي ِم Allah Maha Penyayang dan Pengasih, demikian kata untuk mewakili atas segala karunia dan nikmat-Nya. Jiwa ini takkan henti bertahmid atas anugerah pada detik waktu, denyut jantung, gerak langkah, serta pada-Mu, Sang Khalik. Skripsi ini adalah setitik dari sederetan berkah-Mu. Setiap orang dalam berkarya selalu mencari kesempurnaan, tetapi terkadang kesempurnaan itu terasa jauh dari kehidupan seseorang. Kesempurnaan bagaikan fatamorgana yang semakin dikejar semain menghilang dari pandangan, bagai pelangi yang terlihat indah dari kejauhan, tetapi menghilang jika didekati. Demikian juga tulisan ini, kehendak hati ingin mencapai kesempurnaan, tetapi kapasitas penulis dalam keterbatasan. Segala daya dan upaya telah penulis kerahkan untuk membuat tulisan ini selesai dengan baik dan bermanfaat dalam dunia pendidikan, khususnya dalam ruang lingkup Fkultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar. Motivasi dari berbagai pihak sangat membantu dalam perampungan tulisan ini. Segala rasa hormat, penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada kedua orang tua Jaja dan Yani Admini yang telah berjuang, berdoa, mengasuh, membesarkan, mendidik, dan membiayai penulis dalam proses pencarian ilmu. Demikian pula, penulis mengucapkan kepada para keluarga dan kerabat yang tidak hentinya memberikan motivasi dan selalu menemaniku dengan candaannya, kepada Dr. Muhammad Nawir, M.Pd, dan Risfaisal, S.Pd.,M.Pd. pembimbing I 2 dan pembimbing II, yang telah memberikan bimbingan, arahan serta motivasi sejak awal penyusunan proposal hingga selesainya skripsi ini. Tidak lupa juga penulis mengucapkan terimakasih kepada; Ketua Program Studi Pendidikan Sosiologi, Dr. H. Nurdin, M.Si., Sekertaris Jurusan Pendidikan Sosiologi, Kaharuddin, S.Pd.,M.Pd.,Ph.D, serta seluruh dosen dan para staf pegawai dalam lingkungan Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar yang telah membekali penulis dengan serangkaian ilmu pengetahuan yang sangat bermanfaat bagi penulis. Akhirnya, dengan segala kerendahan hati, penulis mengharapkan kritikan dan saran dari berbagai pihak, selama saran dan kritikan tersebut sifatnya membangun karena penulis yakin bahwa suatu persoalan tidak akan berarti sama sekali tanpa adanya kritikan. Mudah-mudahan dapat memberi manfaat bagi para pembaca, terutama bagi diri pribadi penulis. Amin. Makassar, Februari 2021 Penulis 3 DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN SAMPUL ........................................................................................... i HALAMAN JUDUL ............................................................................................. ii LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .................................................................................. iii PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING ........................................................................ v SURAT PERNYATAAN ..................................................................................... vi SURAT PERJANJIAN ....................................................................................... vii MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN ..................................................................... viii ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. ix KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... x DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... xi BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..................................................................................... 1 A. Latar Belakang ........................................................................................ 1 B. Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................... 5 C. Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................................... 5 D. Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................................. 5 E. Definisi Operasional ............................................................................... 6 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ........................................................................... 8 A. Kajian Konsep ........................................................................................ 8 B. Kajian Teori .......................................................................................... 22 C. Penelitian Terdahulu ............................................................................. 24 D. Kerangka Pikir ...................................................................................... 27 BAB III METODE PENELITIAN .................................................................... 29 A. Jenis dan Pendekatan Penelitian ........................................................... 29 B. Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian ................................................................ 29 C. Fokus Penelitian .................................................................................... 30 D. Informan Penelitian............................................................................... 30 4 E. Jenis dan Sumber Data .......................................................................... 30 F. Instrumen Penelitian ............................................................................. 31 G. Teknik Pengumpulan Data.................................................................... 32 H. Teknik Analisis Data ............................................................................ 33 I. Teknik
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