Center for Character & Leadership Development
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SUMMER 2019 VOLUME 6 | ISSUE 2 Editor in Chief: Dr. Douglas Lindsay CENTER FOR CHARACTER & LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT EDITORIAL STAFF: EDITORIAL BOARD: Dr. David Altman, Center for Creative Leadership Dr. Mark Anarumo, Managing Editor, Colonel, USAF Dr. Marvin Berkowitz, University of Missouri- St. Louis Dr. Douglas Lindsay, Editor in Chief, USAF (Ret) Dr. Dana Born, Harvard University (Brig Gen, USAF, Retired) Dr. John Abbatiello, Book Review Editor, USAF (Ret) Dr. David Day, Claremont McKenna College Dr. Shannon French, Case Western Ms. Julie Imada, Editor & CCLD Strategic Communications Chief Dr. William Gardner, Texas Tech University Mr. Chad Hennings, Hennings Management Corp JCLD is published at the United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado. Mr. Max James, American Kiosk Management Articles in JCLD may be reproduced in whole Dr. Barbara Kellerman, Harvard University or in part without permission. A standard source credit line is required for each reprint Dr. Robert Kelley, Carnegie Mellon University or citation. Dr. Richard M. Lerner, Tufts University For information about the Journal of Character and Leadership Development, the U.S. Air Ms. Cathy McClain, Association of Graduates (Colonel, USAF, Retired) Force Academy’s Center for Character and Leadership Development or to be added to the Dr. Michael Mumford, University of Oklahoma Journal’s electronic subscription list, contact us at: Dr. Gary Packard, United States Air Force Academy (Colonel, USAF) [email protected] Dr. George Reed, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs (Colonel, USA, Retired) Phone: 719-333-4904 Dr. Eduardo Salas, Rice University The Journal of Character & Leadership Development Dr. Arthur Schwartz, Widener University The Center for Character & Leadership Dr. John Sosik, The Pennsylvania State University Development U.S. Air Force Academy Dr. Steve Trainor, The Google School for Leaders 2300 Cadet Drive (Captain, USN, Retired) Suite 300 USAF Academy, CO 80840-62600 Dr. Steve Zaccaro, George Mason University ISSN 2372-9465 (print) ISSN 2372-9481 (online) The Journal of Character & Leadership Development is generously supported by the Manuscripts may be submitted United States Air Force Academy Endowment. via Scholastica at https://jcli.scholasticahq.com/for-authors JCLD / TABLE OF CONTENTS FROM THE EDITOR The Need for Assessment 4 Douglas R. Lindsay, United States Air Force Academy VIEWS FROM THE FIELD Raising the Bar in Leadership Development 10 Robert B. Kaiser, Kaiser Leadership Solutions John Brothers, University of North Carolina ORGANIZATIONAL ASSESSMENT Toward a Developmental Approach to Measuring the Development of Character: Perspectives from Project Arête 22 Elise D. Murray, Tufts University Brian M. Burkhard, Tufts University Hillary S. Schaffer, Tufts University Diane M. Ryan, Tufts University Andrew G. Farina, United States Military Academy & Tufts University Chaveso "Chevy" Cook, United States Military Academy & Tufts University Jeremiah J. Powers, United States Military Academy & Tufts University Michael D. Matthews, United States Military Academy Richard M. Lerner, Tufts University Holding Higher Education to Account: Measuring What Matters in the Development of Students as Leaders 34 Ryan Brown, Ann & John Doerr Institute for New Leaders, Rice University Lebena Varghese, Ann & John Doerr Institute for New Leaders, Rice University Evaluating and Assessing the Ethical Leadership Framework for Air Force Leader Development 50 Laura Parson, Auburn University Jessica Weise, Auburn University Kenneth R. Tatum Jr., Air University Megan Allison, Air University R. Joel Farrell II, Air University A Different Kind of Gap Year: Program Development and Assessment at the United States Service Academy Preparatory Schools 64 Melanie Wong Dodge, United States Military Academy Preparatory School James Dobbs, United States Air Force Academy Preparatory School Carl Crockett, United States Naval Academy Preparatory School Taylor Paige Winfield, Princeton University Thriving at the U.S. Air Force Academy 79 Kevin Davis, United States Air Force Academy Daphne DePorres, United States Air Force Academy Sonia Esquivel, United States Air Force Academy Claudia Ferrante, United States Air Force Academy Scott Heyler, United States Air Force Academy David Levy, United States Air Force Academy Gary Packard, United States Air Force Academy Eric Tucker, United States Air Force Academy Elizabeth Blair, United States Air Force Academy PROGRAM ASSESSMENT Leadership Development: Observations on Practicum as a Team-Based Approach 96 Robert Reimer, United States Air Force Academy Paul Taggart, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs Ben Chapman, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs Excellence with Integrity: Culture Assessment & Development 115 Matthew Davidson, Excellence with Integrity Institute Vladimir Khmelkov, Excellence with Integrity Institute Building Moral Imagination, Emotionally Engaged Thinking, and Adaptive Leadership Capacity in Leadership Learners Through the Power of the Holocaust 134 Anthony Andenoro, Iowa State University JoAnna Wasserman, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum W. Jake Newsome, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT Two Facets of Moral Maturity 151 Dana Born, Harvard University William Hendrix, Clemson University Justin Hartley, Global Center for Leadership Communication BOOK REVIEWS A Review of “Hal Moore on Leadership: Winning When Outgunned and Outmanned” 161 George Warton A Review of “Dare to Lead: Brave Work. Tough Conversations. Whole Hearts." 164 Kimberly Dickman Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed or implied in the JCLD are those of the authors, are not officially sanctioned, and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force or any agency of the U.S. government. THE JOURNAL OF CHARACTER & LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT / SUMMER 2019 FROM THE EDITOR The Need for Assessment Dr. Douglas Lindsay, Editor in Chief, JCLD Assessment. It is a word that evokes different responses from those that hear it. To some, it is a hallmark of accountability where we can validate what we are doing (i.e., programs, processes, etc.). To others, it is a nice thing to have, but not seen as a core function. Still others see it as a bridge too far, and either too difficult to undertake or they just don’t have the time and resources to adequately do it. As a result, the leadership and character development landscape is littered with good ideas, underperforming (or failed) programs, missed opportunities, disconnected success, confusion, etc. This creates a minefield for those attempting to understand assessment and a desire to determine the efficacy of what they are doing. In order to provide guidance on the topic of assessment in the areas of character and leadership development, this issue is focused squarely on examining that topic by looking at what assessment looks like, what should be considered, why it is important and other critical questions. The goal with this issue is to highlight several examples of assessment that are being done so that character and leader developers can see where their programs and processes could be further enhanced with intentional assessment. Intentional assessment, however, will be impacted by a host of dynamics and those influences are consequential to any assessment program. In order to bring some clarity to this dynamic, there are several propositions to consider with respect to assessment. As you go through this issue, keep these in mind as a guide to see how the researchers/ program developers have accounted for them in their own assessment paradigms. They also serve as good reminders for us as we develop our own assessment strategies. Douglas Lindsay, Ph.D., is the Editor in Chief of the Journal of Character and Leadership Development (JCLD). Prior to assuming his current role, he was a Professor and the founding Director of the Masters of Professional Studies Program in the Psychology of Leadership at Pennsylvania State University. He also served in the United States Air Force where he retired after a 22-year career, serving in a multitude of roles, including research psychologist, occupational analyst, inspector general, deputy squadron commander, senior military professor, Full Professor, deputy department head and research center director. He has over well over 125 publications and presentations on the topics of leadership and leadership development. He received a Bachelor's Degree from the United States Air Force Academy, a Master's Degree from the University of Texas at San Antonio, and a Ph.D. in Industrial/Organizational Psychology from Pennsylvania State University. THE NEED FOR ASSESSMENT Proposition 1: Assessment is difficult, but that developmental effort and leadership or stakeholders doesn’t absolve us from our responsibility. It is common want to see how the program is doing. It is very to hear that assessment is hard, takes too long, is tempting to try to take a snapshot of a program and use expensive, and isn’t always conclusive. While that may that to infer how the program is doing and has been be the case, it is our obligation to make sure that the doing. While snapshots in time may give an idea of programs, education, and training that we do have value. what is happening at that moment, it does not allow for This is not just important to the organization (who is the long term (longitudinal) assessment of the effort. enabling the effort), but also to ensure that we aren’t A single point in time could be impacted by