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Downloades Fra Lokalråd (Village Development Committees), Selv Om Situationen Nepal Vision 22. årgang nr. 2 - vinter 2013 1 Udgivet af: Formand Dansk-Nepalesisk Selskab. Indhold: og ansvarshavende redaktør Bladet sendes til alle medlem- Lars Gundersen Telefon: 47 16 12 20 mer samt personer i Danmark, tilknyttet Nepal. [email protected] Side 3 Formanden har ordet Oplag 600 eksemplarer. Næstformand, kasserer ISSN 0908-844X & medlemshåndtering Birgit Nielsen Dansk-Nepalesisk Selskab har Side 4 Valget i Nepal Telefon: 40 75 28 58 som formål at fremme dansk- [email protected] nepalesisk samarbejde om bæredygtig udvikling, turisme, Side 7 Boganmeldelse - Mit liv med Nepals børn Sekretær Jørgen Rendsvig samhandel, kultur, m.m. Selskabet er upolitisk. Selska- [email protected] bets formål fremmes gennem Side 8 Der hvor sneen hviler oplysende virksomhed på hjemmeside, medlemsblad og Bestyrelsesmedlem møder m.m., såvel i Danmark Side 12 Intermezzo i Arughat Julie Damgaard som i Nepal samt gennem [email protected] samspil med andre beslægtede foreninger og organer i Dan- mark og Nepal. Side 16 Nepal igen og igen Bestyrelsesmedlem Lone Petersen Selskabet holder årligt en række møder, hvor der gennem Side 17 Rejsen til Mustang [email protected] foredrag og billeder oplyses om forskellige sider af Nepals kultur, natur og historie. Side 20 The Consequence of Work Bestyrelsesmedlem Ravi Chhetri Redaktion: [email protected] Lars Gundersen (ansv.), Jørgen Side 22 Når angsten for det fremmede forsvinder, Rendsvig, Julie Damgaard, Lone så ser man Petersen og Knud West Hansen. Bestyrelsesmedlem Kristina Djurhuus Christiansen Adresse: [email protected] Kongensgade 17A Side 25 Løst og fast 3550 Slangerup E-mail: [email protected] Side 26 Prasad’s – A Manifestation of a Generation Suppleant Thomas Glerup Website: www.nepal.dk [email protected] Side 29 Et stort skulderklap til Jysk Medlemskab: landsbyudvikling i Nepal Enkeltpersoner: 170 kr. Suppleant Par: 220 kr. Annette Gallaus Studerende: 100 kr. Side 30 Løst og fast [email protected] Firma: 420 kr. Konto nr.: 8125-0007172109 Side 33 Evaluering af Danidas støtte til fredsprocessen Billedredaktion, Tilmeld betalingsservice: layout og sats af PBS-nr. 06651844, debitor- Nepal Vision gruppenummer 00001 og dit Knud West Hansen Side 34 Nekrolog - Inger Lissanevitch medlemsnummer i Dansk- [email protected] Nepalesisk Selskab - ét bogstav efterfulgt af 3 cifre. Side 35 Arrangementskalender Annoncepriser: 1/1 side: 2.000 kr. 1/2 side: 1.100 kr. 1/4 side: 600 kr. Forsidefoto: Stephen Freiheit Karma Lama er overhoved for det gamle buddhistiske kloster i Samagaun. Titlen arves af hans søn, Jhigme. 2 Formanden har ordet I år er det 40 år siden, at Danmark startede udviklingsbistanden - og at der samtidig kommer en rimelig klar afgørelse til det bedste til Nepal, og alene i år er rammen på 190 mio. kroner. Det danske for Nepal. udviklingsprogram startede ud med projekter inden for bl.a. reno- vering, mejeribrug og telefonnet, mens midlerne de seneste år pri- 2013 er desuden 25 års-jubilæet for den første officielle danske mært er gået til uddannelse, skovbrug, erhvervsudvikling, energi, bjergbestigningsekspedition i Nepal, nemlig Ama Dablam bestig- menneskerettigheder, god regeringsførelse og demokrati, hvilket ningen i efteråret 1988 med Søren Smidt, Michael Hjort m.fl. Det kan læses i det lille evalueringsresumé fra Danida andetsteds i bla- var starten på en ny æra, hvor antallet af danskere, der rejste til det. Nepal, tog fart i løbet af halvfemserne – fra under 900 danskere i Nepal i 1990 til det kulminerede med 4.834 indrejser i år 2000. Meget godt kan siges om den danske bistand, men ulandshjælp ale- ne skaber hverken demokrati eller den endnu sværere disciplin, der Gudskelov rejser der stadig mange danskere til Nepal. På arbejde, hedder god regeringsførelse. Blandt andet derfor er Nepal stadig for at undersøge muligheder, på projekter samt på ferie. Antallet af blandt verdens fattigste lande. Og selvom Nepal er rykket lidt op i indrejser i 2012 nåede hele 5.389 danskere, og 2013 tegner flot – de seneste år, er landet ifølge Global Finance stadig nede omkring det er bestemt ikke umuligt, at vi når over 5.000 danske indrejser nummer 166 ud af 184 målte lande på indekset , idet landets BNP til Nepal igen i år. Det viser en ganske stor interesse for Nepal, som udgør ca. 1.400 USD. pr. indbygger. forhåbentlig kan give flere besøgende til vores foredragsaftener og flere medlemmer i selskabet. Derfor bliver det meget spændende at følge valget i Nepal her i no- vember måned, og i den forbindelse kan Jørgen Rendsvigs artikel Tak for i år, og jeg håber, at I alle bliver ved med at komme i det gode ”Valget i Nepal” skabe en god forståelse for baggrunden. Vi kan kun selskab i 2014. håbe på, at valget respekteres bredt - før, såvel som efter valgdagen Lars Gundersen Formand Foto: Knud West Hansen West Knud Foto: KWH Valget i Nepal Af Jørgen Rendsvig Når dette læses, er valget til parlamentet og forfatningsgivende forsamling (Constituent Assembly, CA) gennemført. Vi vil fortælle om valgets resultat på www.nepal.dk. Her gives som baggrund en gennemgang af forløbet frem mod valget, fra marts til begyndelsen af november 2013. 15. marts udnævntes – efter da der var tilslutning fra HPLC, lang tids politisk kævl – en kunne præsidenten godkende embedsmandsregering under forfatningsændringerne med ledelse af højesterets præsi- bred støtte. dent Khil Raj Regmi. Denne regering fik den ene opgave at En række opgaver, der skulle gennemføre valget. Regeringen løses lægge grænserne for valgkred- var udstyret med en ’kontrol- Første opgave var at beslutte sene. Det er en ældgammel komité’ – High-level Political en valgdato. Det varede 3 må- sport for de politiske partier Committee, HLPC – bestående neder, før 19. november blev – ikke bare i Nepal, men over- af de fire store partier, der Khil Raj Regmi udpeget. Et novembervalg gav alt, hvor der gennemføres valg havde 5/6-dele af pladserne i dels den fornødne tid til forbe- i valgkredse – at arbejde på at den afgåede forfatningsgiven- redelserne og lå dels bekvemt få fastlagt valgkredsene, så de de forsamling. Det var UCPN Gennemførelsen af valget efter monsunen, efter høsten giver flest mulige mandater til (Maoist), Nepali Congress, CPN krævede forskellige ændringer i og efter festival-sæsonen. lige netop ens eget parti. For (UML) og Madhesi PRF. den midlertidige forfatning, og Næste opgave bestod i at fast- at forsøge at minimere det Nepali Congress (NC) United Communist Party of Nepal Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Madhesi People’s Right Forum (Maoist) (UCPN (Maoist)) Marxist Leninist) (CPN (UML)) (Madhesi PRF) Leder: N.C. Koirala Leder: Pushpa Kamal Dahal Leder: Madhav Kumar Nepal Leder: Upendra Yadav 4 pres, der kunne forventes i den ekstra registrering. Alligevel er Dernæst var der et forslag om bar, at disse to grupperinger anledning, henlagde valgkom- der kun registreret 12,3 millio- at indføre en spærregrænse på deltager i valget. De har især missionen i juni opgaven til ner vælgere ud af 18 millioner 1 eller 1½ %. Et ikke helt urime- opnået, at den nye CA alligevel en særlig kommission. Med mulige. Ved sidste CA-valg var ligt forslag i betragtning af, at skulle være på 601 medlemmer Nepals voksende urbanisering, der registreret 17,6 millioner den gamle forfatningsgivende ligesom den gamle. Oprinde- der betyder, at landdistrikterne vælgere. Det tyder på, at til- forsamling havde ikke mindre ligt skulle 240 mandater være langsomt affolkes, mens fol- troen til, at politikerne kan løse end 18 partier med 5 mandater blevet valgt efter det engel- ketallet i byerne og i lavlandet landets problemer er dalende. eller derunder (samt 9 par- ske system med flertalsvalg i Terai vokser, kunne det synes Vi må håbe, at de valgte per- tier med flere mandater). De enkeltmandskredse (og det rimeligt at flytte mandater til former bedre, end disse tal er mange små partier medvirkede fastholdes), mens 240 andre byerne. Men hvor mange og udtryk for. til at gøre forsamlingen mindre mandater skulle vælges efter hvordan? De små sproglige arbejdsdygtig. HPLC syntes, at forholdstalsvalg. Hele udvidel- og etniske grupper, der typisk I tilslutning hertil har det været det var en fremragende ide sen lægges i denne gruppe, der findes i Himalayas dale, skal jo meningen at udstyre alle nepa- (der jo netop også ville komme så vælger i alt 335 mandater. også kunne få repræsentation. lesere med et nationalt ID-kort de store partier til gode), mens Igen en fordel for de mindre Efter megen diskussion op- med foto og fingeraftryk – et de små partier truede med at partier. gav kommissionen at finde en biometrisk kort. Dette projekt boykotte valget, hvis det blev formel for ændringer og indstil- er imidlertid blevet forsinket. Vi gennemført. Ministerpræsident Den tredje alliance, ledet af lede i stedet i starten af august, er jo i Nepal, så det nåede ikke Regmi skar igennem og tog CPN-maoist (en radikal udbry- at valgkredsene slet ikke skulle at blive realiseret inden valget. forslaget af bordet. dergruppe fra det store mao- ændres. Dette udløste vrede og I stedet besluttede valgkom- istparti, der eventuelt vil være opstandelse, især selvfølgelig missionen at udsende plastik- En række grupperinger af min- parat til til at genoptage bor- i Terai, der havde set frem til laminerede valgkort med navn, dre partier, der ikke er repræ- gerkrigen) stod sammen med større repræsentation, men ’citizenship certificate’ nummer, senteret i HPLC, har også på en gruppe på 33 småpartier valgkommissionen var enig, og fødselsdato, køn og foto, til ud- andre områder fremsat krav af fast på deres krav. Da fristen sådan blev det. levering
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