HISTORY of COMPUTER SCIENCE (Digest)
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Boenig-Liptsin / Entrepreneurs of the Mind / 1 Citizen's Mind
Margo Boenig-Liptsin SIGCIS Workshop, November 9, 2014 Work in !rogress Session "orking draft – please do not cite (ear SIGCIS Workshop !articipants) *hank you $or reading this partial draft of one of my dissertation 'hapters) I-m submitting to your review a draft of a 'hapter $rom the mi##&e of my dissertation, therefore to contextualize the "riting that you "i&& be reading, I inc&ude be&ow an abstract of my "hole dissertation project and a chapter out&ine. 2s you "i&& see, this early draft of Chapter 2 is based primari&y on empirical research of my three national cases1 I haven't yet integrated into it any secondary &iterature. I "ould be very gratef,& $or your suggestions of re$erences that you $eel "ould be interesting $or me to incorporate/refect upon, especial&y $rom the &iterature on the history of computing, given the topi's that I am exploring in this chapter or in the dissertation as a "hole. *his early draft is also missing complete $ootnotes—they are current&y 0ust notes $or mysel$ and references that I need to tidy up. I-m gratef,& $or al& of your comments, "hich "i&& no doubt make the next #raft of this signifcant&y better) Best "ishes, Margo (issertation abstract Making the Citi/en of the Information 2ge7 2 comparative study of computer &iteracy programs $or 'hi&dren, 1960s-1990s My dissertation is a comparative history of the frst computer &iteracy programs $or chi&dren. *he project examines how programs to introduce 'hi&dren to computers in the 9nited States, :rance, and the Soviet 9nion $rom the 1960s to 1990s embodied political, epistemic, and moral debates about the kind of citi/en required $or &i$e in the 21st century. -
Nikolay Luzin, His Students, Adversaries, and Defenders (Notes
Nikolay Luzin, his students, adversaries, and defenders (notes on the history of Moscow mathematics, 1914-1936) Yury Neretin This is historical-mathematical and historical notes on Moscow mathematics 1914-1936. Nikolay Luzin was a central figure of that time. Pavel Alexandroff, Nina Bari, Alexandr Khinchin, Andrey Kolmogorov, Mikhail Lavrentiev, Lazar Lyusternik, Dmitry Menshov, Petr Novikov, Lev Sсhnirelman, Mikhail Suslin, and Pavel Urysohn were his students. We discuss the time of the great intellectual influence of Luzin (1915-1924), the time of decay of his school (1922-1930), a moment of his administrative power (1934-1936), and his fall in July 1936. But the thing which served as a source of Luzin’s inner drama turned out to be a source of his subsequent fame... Lazar Lyusternik [351] Il est temps que je m’arr ete: voici que je dis, ce que j’ai d´eclar´e, et avec raison, ˆetre inutile `adire. Henri Lebesgue, Preface to Luzin’s book, Leˇcons sur les ensembles analytiques et leurs applications, [288] Прошло сто лет и что ж осталось От сильных, гордых сих мужей, Столь полных волею страстей? Их поколенье миновалось Alexandr Pushkin ’Poltava’ There is a common idea that a life of Nikolay Luzin can be a topic of a Shakespeare drama. I am agree with this sentence but I am extremely far from an intention to realize this idea. The present text is an impassive historical-mathematical and historical investigation of Moscow mathematics of that time. On the other hand, this is more a story of its initiation and turning moments than a history of achievements. -
A Comparative Study of the First Computer Literacy Programs for Children in the United States, France, and the Soviet Union, 1970-1990
Making Citizens of the Information Age: A Comparative Study of the First Computer Literacy Programs for Children in the United States, France, and the Soviet Union, 1970-1990 The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Boenig-Liptsin, Margarita. 2015. Making Citizens of the Information Age: A Comparative Study of the First Computer Literacy Programs for Children in the United States, France, and the Soviet Union, 1970-1990. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23845438 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Making Citizens of the Information Age: A comparative study of the first computer literacy programs for children in the United States, France, and the Soviet Union, 1970-1990 A dissertation presented by Margarita Boenig-Liptsin to The Department of History of Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History of Science Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts August 2015 © 2015 Margarita Boenig-Liptsin All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Professor Sheila Jasanoff Margarita Boenig-Liptsin Making Citizens of the Information Age: A comparative study of the first computer literacy programs for children in the United States, France, and the Soviet Union, 1970-1990 ABSTRACT In this dissertation I trace the formation of citizens of the information age by comparing visions and practices to make children and the general public computer literate or cultured in the United States, France, and the Soviet Union. -
Constructing Soviet Cultural Policy: Cybernetics and Governance in Lithuania After World War II, 2008
EGLė RINDZEVIčIūtė IS AFFILIATED WITH TEMA Q, (CULTURE STUDIES) AT THE DEPARTMENT FOR STUDIES OF SOCIAL CHANGE AND CULTURE, LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY, AND THE BALTIC & EAST EUROPEAN GRADUATE SCHOOL AT SÖDERTÖRN CONSTRUCTING UNIVERSITY COLLEGE (SÖDERTÖRNS HÖGSKOLA). THIS IS HER DOCTORAL DISSERTATION. SOVIET CULTURAL CYBERNETICS AND POLICY GOVERNANCE IN LITHUANIA AFTER WORLD WAR II EGLė rINDZEVIčIūtė LINKÖPING STUDIES IN ARTS AND SCIENCE NO. 437 TEMA Q (CULTURE STUDIES) LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY, DEPARTMENT FOR STUDIES OF SOCIAL CHANGE ISBN 978-91-7393-879-2 (LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY) ISSN 0282-9800 AND CULTURE ISBN 978-91-89315-92-1 (SÖDERTÖRNS HÖGSKOLA) SÖDERTÖRN DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 31 LINKÖPING 2008 ISSN 1652-7399 Constructing Soviet Cultural Policy Cybernetics and Governance in Lithuania after World War II Egl Rindzeviit Linköping Studies in Arts and Science No. 437 Tema Q (Culture Studies) Linköping University, Department for Studies of Social Change and Culture Linköping 2008 Linköping Studies in Arts and Science No. 437 At the Faculty of Arts and Science at Linköpings universitet, research and doc- toral studies are carried out within broad problem areas. Research is organized in interdisciplinary research environments and doctoral studies mainly in gradu- ate schools. Jointly, they publish the series Linköping Studies in Arts and Sci- ence. This thesis comes from the Department of Culture Studies (Tema kultur och samhälle, Tema Q) at the Department for Studies of Social Change and Culture (ISAK). At the Department of Culture Studies (Tema kultur och samhälle, Tema Q), culture is studied as a dynamic field of practices, including agency as well as structure, and cultural products as well as the way they are produced, consumed, communicated and used. -
Anatoly Kitov - Pioneer of Russian Informatics Vladimir A
Anatoly Kitov - Pioneer of Russian Informatics Vladimir A. Kitov, Valery V. Shilov To cite this version: Vladimir A. Kitov, Valery V. Shilov. Anatoly Kitov - Pioneer of Russian Informatics. IFIP WG 9.7 International Conference on History of Computing (HC) / Held as Part of World Computer Congress (WCC), Sep 2010, Brisbane, Australia. pp.80-88, 10.1007/978-3-642-15199-6_9. hal-01054648 HAL Id: hal-01054648 https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01054648 Submitted on 7 Aug 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Anatoly Kitov - pioneer of Russian informatics Vladimir A. Kitov1, Valery V. Shilov2 1 Fujitsu Technology Solutions, Zemlyanoi val 9, 105064 Moscow, Russia [email protected], [email protected] 2 "MATI" – Russian State Technological University, Orshanskaja 3, 121522 Moscow, Russia [email protected] Abstract. Anatoly Ivanovich Kitov (1920-2005) is one of the most outstanding representatives of the first generation of scientists who had created Russian cybernetics, computer engineering and informatics. Due to political reasons his many-sided scientific and organizational activities were hushed up. Only recently publications adequately estimating his role appeared. -
ARIFMOMETR1 an Archaeology of Computing in Russia Georg Trogemann Alexander Nitussov Wolfgang Ernst
Editorial and Historical Introduction ARIFMOMETR1 An Archaeology of Computing in Russia Georg Trogemann Alexander Nitussov Wolfgang Ernst The genealogy of the computer and computing sciences as associated with names such as Charles Babbage, Alan Turing, Norbert Wiener, Heinz v. Foerster, Claude Shannon and John v. Neumann has been the object of an impressive number of media- archaeological publications in the German-speaking and Anglo-American areas, but in general the historiography of computing is - even a decennium after the fall of the Iron Curtain - still blind in respect to Eastern Europe. This is why the combined research and publication project Arifmometr, carried out by the Academy of Media Arts in Cologne in co-operation with institutions in the former Soviet Union, tries to evaluate the role which Russia played in contributing to the development of the medium computer in comple- mentary or alternative ways on both technical and cultural horizons. Furthermore, in reconstructing the Russian case, emphasis has been put on the relationship between mathematical and cybernetic thinking on the one hand, and social, economical and poli- tical models on the other. The Historiography of Computing and Archival Evidence The introduction to one of the few articles in English which have previously been published on Soviet computer archaeology, prompted by the International Research Conference on the History of Computing at Los Alamos (New Mexico) in June 1976, is characteristic for the nature of research: ” Based on publications, personal reminiscences and the author´s own archives, this historical paper attempts to analyze the first 15 years of the formation and development of computer programming in the USSR.”2 What is missing here is the level of institutional archival evidence. -
Russian Academy 2006.Pdf (5.402Mb)
The Russian Academy of Sciences, 2006 Update With an historical introduction by the President of the Academy Iuri S. Osipov From Yu.S. Osipov's book «Academy of Sciences in the History of the Russian State» Moscow, «NAUKA», 1999 The creation of the Academy of Sciences is directly connected with Peter the Great’s reformer activities aimed at strengthening the state, its economic and political independence. Peter the Great understood the importance of scientific thought, education and culture for the prosperity of the country. And he started acting “from above”. Under his project, the Academy was substantially different from all related foreign organizations. It was a state institution; while on a payroll, its members had to provide for the scientific and technical services of thee state. The Academy combined the functions of scientific research and training, having its own university and a high school. On December 27, 1725, the Academy celebrated its creation with a large public meeting. This was a solemn act of appearance of a new attribute of Russian state life. Academic Conference has become a body of collective discussion and estimation of research results. The scientists were not tied up by any dominating dogma, were free in their scientific research, and took an active part in the scientific opposition between the Cartesians and Newtonians. Possibilities to publish scientific works were practically unlimited. Physician Lavrentii Blumentrost was appointed first President of the Academy. Taking care of bringing the Academy’s activities to the world level, Peter the Great invited leading foreign scientists. Among the first were mathematicians Nikolas and Daniil Bornoulli, Christian Goldbach, physicist Georg Bulfinger, astronomer and geographer J.Delille, historian G.F.Miller. -
Appendix a the Mathematics of Discontinuity
Appendix A The Mathematics of Discontinuity On the plane of philosophy properly speaking, of metaphysics, catastrophe theory cannot, to be sure, supply any answer to the great problems which torment mankind. But it favors a dialectical, Heraclitean view of the universe, of a world which is the continual theatre of the battle between ‘logoi,’ between archetypes. René Thom (1975, “Catastrophe Theory: Its Present State and Future Perspectives,” p. 382) Clouds are not spheres, mountains are not cones, coastlines are not circles, and bark is not smooth, nor does lightning travel in a straight line. Benoit B. Mandelbrot (1983, The Fractal Geometry of Nature, p. 1) A.1 General Overview Somehow it is appropriate if ironic that sharply divergent opinions exist in the mathematical House of Discontinuity with respect to the appropriate method for analyzing discontinuous phenomena. Different methods include catastrophe theory, chaos theory, fractal geometry, synergetics theory, self-organizing criticality, spin glass theory, and emergent complexity. All have been applied to economics in one way or another. What these approaches have in common is more important than what divides them. They all see discontinuities as fundamental to the nature of nonlinear dynam- ical reality.1 In the broadest sense, discontinuity theory is bifurcation theory of which all of these are subsets. Ironically then we must consider the bifurcation of bifurcation theory into competing schools. After examining the historical origins of this bifurcation of bifurcation theory, we shall consider the possibility of a recon- ciliation and synthesis within the House of Discontinuity between these fractious factions. J.B. Rosser, Complex Evolutionary Dynamics in Urban-Regional 213 and Ecologic-Economic Systems, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-8828-7, C Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 214 Appendix A A.2 The Founding Fathers The conflict over continuity versus discontinuity can be traced deep into a variety of disputes among the ancient Greek philosophers. -
Theory of Reflexive Control
22 FINNISH DEFENCE STUDIES FINNISH DEFENCE STUDIES 22 Theory of Reflexive Control Origins, Evolution and Application in the Framework of Contemporary Russian Military Strategy Antti Vasara Finnish National Defence University 2020 FINNISH DEFENCE STUDIES 22 Theory of Reflexive Control Origins, Evolution and Application in the Framework of Contemporary Russian Military Strategy Antti Vasara National Defence University Helsinki 2020 FINLAND Finnish Defence Studies is published under the auspices of the National Defence University, and the contributions reflect the fields of research and teaching of the University. Finnish Defence Studies will occasionally feature documentation on Finnish Security Policy. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily imply endorsement by the National Defence University of Finland. Editor: Prof. Pekka Sivonen, National Defence University Editorial Assistant: M.A. Aki Aunala, National Defence University Editorial Board: Prof. Hannu Kari, National Defence University Prof. (emeritus) Ohto Manninen Prof. Pekka Appelqvist, Scientific Advisory Board for Defence Director of Research Juha Martelius, Ministry of Defence Prof., Col. (ret.) Pekka Visuri This report is abridged version of the diploma report written at the General Staff Course. The original report was published in August 2019 in Finnish: http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2019103136112 Translation by Acolad / Esa Leskinen ISBN 978-951-25-3125-7 (Pbk.) ISBN 978-951-25-3126-4 (pdf) ISSN: 0788-5571 Finnish Defence Studies in open access pdf-format: http://bit.ly/1S57Rta Published by NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY PO. Box 7 FI-00861 Helsinki FINLAND www.mpkk.fi PunaMusta Oy Tampere 2020 ABSTRACT he purpose of this study is to establish what is meant by reflexive control, how it can be applied, and the methods that can be used to apply it. -
2/3 2017 Science
A Good Journal for Inquisitive People 2/3 (47) scfh.ru/en/ 2/3 2017 SCIENCE First Hand THE CAPITALS HAVE BEEN ABANDONED … № 2/3 (47) 2017 A TOWN OF PASSIONARIANS HERE DREAMS CAME TRUE Announcement about M. A. Lavrentiev’s talk “The birth of Akademgorodok” (1966), kept and kindly given by French friends to the team of the Club of the Cheerful and Sharp-Witted that visited France in October 1989. THE UKOK DIARY NSU Museum 9 772310 3000024 7 On What Cannot Be 2017 2/3. popular science journal IN THIS ISSUE: Academician N. L. Dobretsov: “The famous scientists who came to Siberia were those who stifled in the capitals, who were seeking for new opportunities to implement their ideas” Academician A. N. Skrinsky: “…A dozen laboratories around the world took on developing a colliding- beam accelerator but only our INP (Institute of Nuclear Physics) and Stanford University came in” Academician G. N. Kulipanov: “The INP’s traditional round tables got together not only scientists but also writers, actors, film directors and poets. They symbolized democracy and exchange of independent opinions over coffee and bagels” Doctor of Chemistry A. K. Petrov: “In those best years of our life we could approach any Academician or full professor, ask a question and get an answer. It was an invaluable school of science, ethic and life itself” A Journal “The natural desire for Inquisitive People of good men is knowledge” DESTINY .01 4 N. L. Dobretsov Editorial Board A Town of Passionarians Editor-in-Chief Leonardo da Vinci 16 N. A. -
Anatoly Kitov - Pioneer of Russian Informatics
Anatoly Kitov - pioneer of Russian informatics Vladimir A. Kitov1, Valery V. Shilov2 1 Fujitsu Technology Solutions, Zemlyanoi val 9, 105064 Moscow, Russia [email protected], [email protected] 2 "MATI" – Russian State Technological University, Orshanskaja 3, 121522 Moscow, Russia [email protected] Abstract. Anatoly Ivanovich Kitov (1920-2005) is one of the most outstanding representatives of the first generation of scientists who had created Russian cybernetics, computer engineering and informatics. Due to political reasons his many-sided scientific and organizational activities were hushed up. Only recently publications adequately estimating his role appeared. The report represents biography and summary of main scientific achievements of A.I. Kitov as well as short description of his scientific school and his collaboration with IFIP and other international organizations. Keywords: Anatoly Kitov, cybernetics, informatics, programming languages, management information systems, Computer Centre № 1, M-100 computer, Red Book project, computer-aided control systems, TC-4 IFIP, MEDINFO, IMIA. 1 Introduction This report is about Anatoly Ivanovich Kitov - pioneer of cybernetics, informatics and management information systems (MIS) in the USSR and Russia. Anatoly Kitov was brightest outstanding personality who devoted his life to development of cybernetics, computer and software engineering, programming languages, information retrieval systems and management information systems as well as to their practical implementation in various fields -
Anatoly Kitov - Pioneer of Russian Informatics
Anatoly Kitov - Pioneer of Russian Informatics Vladimir A. Kitov1 and Valery V. Shilov2 1 Fujitsu Technology Solutions, Zemlyanoi val 9, 105064 Moscow, Russia {vladimir.kitov,olga.kitova}@mail.ru 2 "MATI" – Russian State Technological University, Orshanskaja 3, 121522 Moscow, Russia [email protected] Abstract. Anatoly Ivanovich Kitov (1920-2005) is one of the most outstanding representatives of the first generation of scientists who had created Russian cy- bernetics, computer engineering and informatics. Due to political reasons his many-sided scientific and organizational activities were hushed up. Only recently publications adequately estimating his role appeared. The report repre- sents biography and summary of main scientific achievements of A.I. Kitov as well as short description of his scientific school and his collaboration with IFIP and other international organizations. Keywords: Anatoly Kitov, cybernetics, informatics, programming languages, management information systems, Computer Centre № 1, M-100 computer, Red Book project, computer-aided control systems, TC-4 IFIP, MEDINFO, IMIA. 1 Introduction This report is about Anatoly Ivanovich Kitov - pioneer of cybernetics, informatics and management information systems (MIS) in the USSR and Russia. Anatoly Kitov was brightest outstanding personality who devoted his life to devel- opment of cybernetics, computer and software engineering, programming languages, information retrieval systems and management information systems as well as to their practical implementation in various fields