51st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2020) 1940.pdf

New Global Lunar Impact Basins’ Map Based on Remote Sensing Interpretation. Jingwen Liu1,2,3, Jianzhong Liu1,3, Li Zhang1, Zongcheng Ling4, Jian Chen4,1 Xiaozhong Ding5, Kunying Han5, Kejuan Xu5. Center for Lunar and Planetary Science, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Lincheng West Road, Guiyang 550051, China, Email: [email protected]. 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. 3Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China. 4Shandong University (Weihai), 180 Wenhua West Road, Weihai 264209. 5Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 26 Baiwanzhuang Road, Beijing 100037, China

Introduction: Impact basins are defined as the large impact scientific geological map of the moon, classifies basins structures [1], record the major geologic impact processes. based on morphological characteristics are used. A To make sure the final global lunar impact basins’ morphological continuum has been identified between proto interpretation results can be accepted and successful basins and peak-ring to multi-ring basins [15, 16] application in Chinese 1:2.5 M Geologic Mapping of the Formation: The conventional formal lithostratigra- Global Moon, we've been studying and mapping basins for phic terms are as follows: Group, Formation, Member, Bed, years. More basins derived from GRAIL data, most craters Flow. Formations are the only formal lithostratigraphic larger than 200 km in rim-to-rim diameter are impact basins units into which the stratigraphic column everywhere [2] have accepted in most research, more complete basin should be divided completely on the basis of lithology. In mapping is needed. Basin’s ejecta is the sign of the lunar addition, Formation has been used in the description of the time stratigraphic column. Lunar basin geology units can be lunar basin geological unit, such as Hevelius Formation, regarded as the lunar stratigraphy, which is an important Montes Rook Formation and Maunder Formation, included content in Geologic Mapping of the Global Moon. But in in Orientale Group [17]. the expression of geological units about basins exists some Basin formation divide by facies belt: Because we defects in previous global lunar geological mapping such as need to map the geological units of the whole lunar basins, USGS global mapping: firstly, the basin geological unit is it is impossible to name as placename plus lithostratigraphic on the same layer with other geological units; secondly, terms. Basin formation We name them by facies belt: (1) their nomenclature is disordered; thirdly, few impact basins Central Peak Formation: just in the center of the Proto have been mapped; lastly, the resolution of the mapped basin, the slope and roughness is high, the shape is in geological units is too low compared with today's more clusters; (2) Peak Ring Formation: In the center of the peak accurate lunar exploration data. ring basin and proto basin, the slope and roughness is high, At the same time, some scholars have made maps of which divided the basin floor; (3) Basin Floor Formation: some basins such as Oriental [3, 4]，Schrödinger [5], In the center of the basin, and the evolution is smooth; (4) Imbrium [6], Crisium [7, 8], Apollo [9], Nectaris [10]. Basin Wall Formation: The slop is very high compared with There are problems: The nomenclature of the basin other parts; (5) Basin Rim Formation: Ejecta blank, higher geological unit is disordered; and, for one’s purpose, the than the origin crust (6) Basin Ejecta Formation: thin basin geologic units are drawn difference with each other. ejecta，the evolution is same with origin crust around, use Methods: Basin interpretation is very complicated, it is radial characteristic judgment, such as the line structure, the necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the secondary crater, as shown in figure 1. basins and combine remote sensing data with basin Lunar basin sequence: Most scholars still study the formation mechanism. sequence of the traditional basins [18,19]. These papers are Lunar basin databases used to update lunar basin consistent in the sequence of impacts of some basins, from catalog: We statistically analyze 107 impact basins in five youngest to oldest: Orientale, Schrodinger, Imbrium, major lunar basin database: Wilhelms et al., (1987) [11], Humbold-tianum, Crisium, Mendel-Rydberg, Nectaris, Wood(2004)[12], Neumann et al., (2015)[13], Lorentz, Smythii and SPA. We use traditional methods to Byrne(2016)[14] and craters larger than 200 km in rim-to- find the stratigraphic relationship and degradation of the rim diameter in 2015 Lunar Impact Crater Database. 67 global basins, and in combination with basins ‘crater impact basins appearing in less than four databases judged density in different terrains (maria, highlands, and SPA). one by one, using LRO image, CE-1 CCD data, CE-2 DEM Basins are divided into three periods according to their data, LOLA, M3, IIM, GRAIL data and the mechanical sequence—Imbrian is from the youngest basin form to the impact basin formation. In the meantime, as there are some end of formation Imbriam, Nectarian is between the end of impact basins less than 200 km in diameter in the classical formation Imbriam and the end of formation Nectaris, literature and 200 km is just a range diameter, 72 impact Aitkenian is between the end of formation Nectaris and the craters (diameter from 130 - 200 km) that appear in crater end of formation SPA. database are also judged one by one. Result and Discussion: The results of new lunar basin Classification of basins: The geomorphology of the catalog, impact sequence of global lunar basins, new global basin is complexity, classification of the impact basin is lunar impact basins’ map, as shown in Figure 2,3,4. needed for the convenience of mapping and getting a more 51st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2020) 1940.pdf

New global lunar basin catalog: Four types basins are happened in the PKT region, uplifted lunar mantle material excluded: a Super basins are not recognized, such as Near easily overflowed along the terrain, resulting in the absence side mega basin, Procellarum; b the origin is unknown: of basin mason. Meanwhile, as the crust is thin and fragile, such as eastern Mare Frigoris, west of Atlas, east of Mare basalt easier overflow and erased the evidence retained by Humboldtianum, Sylvester-Nanse, Grissom-White, Keeler- the impact, resulting in less discovery today. Heaviside, Tsiolkovsky-Stark, near the crater Da-rwin, Acknowledgments: This work is supported by the Strateg- Bailly-Newton, Pingree-Hausen; c Typical central peak ic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy impact craters: such as Tsiolkovskiy; d Misjudged by the of Sciences (XDB18000000), the National Key Basic late scholars: such as Jeans-Priestly, Kohlschutter-Leonov, Research Special Foundation of China (2015FY210500) Lavoisier-Mairan, Cardanus- Herodotus, Szilard North, References: [1] Feuvre, M.L, et al. (2011), Icarus, 214, 1-20. [2] Champlygin-Mandel, Wegener-Winlock, Keeler West, Miljkovic, K., et al. (2016), JGR-Planets, 121. 1695-1712. [3] Janssen. And, Humboldt, Compton, Antoniadi, Gauss are Spudis, P.D. et al (2014) JGR: Planets, 119, 19-29. [4] Morse, Z.R identified, these four impact basins have the energy and et al. (2018). Icarus, 299,253-271. [5] Steenstra, E.S., et al. (2016), morphological characteristics of the impact basin. Advances in Space Research, 58 ,1, [6] Zhang, J.H., et al. (2015). Why are there fewer Aitkenian period impact basins PNAS, 112(17). [7] Sliz, M.U et al. (2016) LPSC 47th, Abstract found on the lunar nearside: Farside and nearside should #2039. [8] Meng, ZG, et al. (2018), ISPRS,42.3. [9] Potter, R.W, et al. (2018). Icarus. 306,139-149. [10] Spudis, P. D, et al. (1989). have the same number basins in Aitkenian in the same LPSC: Proceedings,19,51-59. [11] Wilhelms, D.E. et al. (1987). impact flux of the moon, but that was not the case. The [12] Wood, C.A. (2004). [13] Neumann, G.A., et al. (2015) Sci giant tension cracks of Ocean Procellarum highlighted by Adv. 1(9): p. e1500852. [14] Byrne, C.J. (2016). [15] Baker, the gravity gradients is an angular shape, could not have D.M.H., et al. (2011) Icarus, 214(2), 377-393. [16] Osinski, G.R., been caused by an impact but cooled around an upwelling (2012) [17] Scott, D.H. et al (1977) US Geological Survey plume of hot material from the deep interior, and PKT Reston.[18] Fassett, C.I., et al. (2012), JGR-Planets,. 117.[19] havea thinner crust. We suggest that when basin size impact Orgel, C., et al. (2018) JGR.

Figure 1 Basin formation named by facies belt

Figure 2 New lunar basin catalog Figure 3 Impact sequence of global lunar basin

Figure 3 New global lunar impact basins’ map