VOL. 15, No. 2 AUGUST, 2015
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The Genus Brassavola, (L.) R.Br
The Genus Brassavola, (L.) R.Br. in W.T.Aiton, Hortus Kew. 5: 216 (1813) Type: Brassavola [B.] cucullata [bra-SAH-vo-la kyoo-kyoo-LAH-ta] There are 28 species (OrchidWiz [update Dec 2017]) that are epiphytes and sometimes lithophytes at elevations of from sea level to 3300 ft (1000 m) from Mexico, southern Caribbean islands to northern Argentina in moist or wet montane forests, mangroves, rocky crevices and cliff faces. They are most fragrant at night and many with a citrus smell. The genus is characterized by very small pencil-like pseudobulbs, often forming large clumps; a single, fleshy, apical, sub-terete leaf and the inflorescence produced form the apex of the pseudobulb. The inflorescence carries from a single to a few large flowers. The floral characteristics are elongate narrow similar sepals and petals, the base of the lip usually tightly rolled around at least a portion of the column which carries 12, sometimes eight unequal pollina with prominent opaque caudicles. The flowers usually occur, as a rule, in spring, summer and fall. The flowers are generally yellow to greenish white with a mostly white lip. It is not unusual for dark spots, usually purple, to be in the region where the sepals, petals, and lip join the stem (claw). This spotting is a dominant generic trait in Brassavola nodose. They are easily cultivated under intermediate conditions. Although this is a relatively small genus (28 species), the species show an unusually close relationship with one another in their floral patterns, coloration, and column structure making identification difficult, key to know where the plants were collected. -
Coelogyne Flaccida
Coelogyne flaccida Sectie : Epidendroideae, Ondersectie : Coelogyninae Naamverklaring : De geslachtsnaam Coelogyne is afgeleid van het Griekse koilos=holte en gyne(guné)=vrouw. De stempel, het vrouwelijk orgaan van de plant, heeft aan de voorzijde een diepe holte. Flaccida betekent slap, wegens de hangende bloeiwijze. Variëteiten : var.crenulata Pfitz. :de overgang naar het voorste gedeelte van de middenlob is fijn getand. var.elegans Pfitz.: terugbuiging van de lip is onduidelijk waardoor de middenlob nauwelijks te onderscheiden is; bloemen groter en bijna reukloos. Distributie : Himalya: Nepal, Sikkim en Assam tot Burma. Komt voor op een hoogte van 1000 tot 2000 m , meestal epifytisch, zelden lithofytisch. In dichte bomenbestanden op bemoste takken. Beschrijving : Coelogyne flaccida groeit in dichte pollen in humusresten in de oksels van boomtakken. Bulben dicht op elkaar, verbonden door korte rhizomen, 10 x 2,5 cm groot en al in het eerste jaar duidelijk in de lengte gegroefd. Rijpe bulben hebben aan de basis 2 droge schutbladen en dragen 2 leerachtige bladeren, tot 20 x 4 cm, smal elliptisch, spits toelopend. De bloeistengel ontwikkelt zich uit een bijzondere uitloper in de oksel van een schutblad en staat dan op een heel klein onderontwikkelde bulbe, geheel door groene schutbladeren omgeven. De bloeistengel gaat hangen, wordt tot 25 cm lang en draagt 6 - 10 bloemen. Bloemen stervormig, 4 -5 cm in doorsnee, onaangenaam geurend. Sepalen vlak, smal elliptisch, spits toelopend; petalen teruggebogen, vrijwel even lang, maar half zo breed. Kleur wit tot licht crèmekleurig. Lip in drieën gedeeld, de zijlobben staan rechtop en omvatten half het zuiltje. De middenlob steekt naar voren, met teruggeslagen of gebogen punt. -
Generic and Subtribal Relationships in Neotropical Cymbidieae (Orchidaceae) Based on Matk/Ycf1 Plastid Data
LANKESTERIANA 13(3): 375—392. 2014. I N V I T E D P A P E R* GENERIC AND SUBTRIBAL RELATIONSHIPS IN NEOTROPICAL CYMBIDIEAE (ORCHIDACEAE) BASED ON MATK/YCF1 PLASTID DATA W. MARK WHITTEN1,2, KURT M. NEUBIG1 & N. H. WILLIAMS1 1Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-7800 USA 2Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Relationships among all subtribes of Neotropical Cymbidieae (Orchidaceae) were estimated using combined matK/ycf1 plastid sequence data for 289 taxa. The matrix was analyzed using RAxML. Bootstrap (BS) analyses yield 100% BS support for all subtribes except Stanhopeinae (87%). Generic relationships within subtribes are highly resolved and are generally congruent with those presented in previous studies and as summarized in Genera Orchidacearum. Relationships among subtribes are largely unresolved. The Szlachetko generic classification of Maxillariinae is not supported. A new combination is made for Maxillaria cacaoensis J.T.Atwood in Camaridium. KEY WORDS: Orchidaceae, Cymbidieae, Maxillariinae, matK, ycf1, phylogenetics, Camaridium, Maxillaria cacaoensis, Vargasiella Cymbidieae include many of the showiest align nrITS sequences across the entire tribe was Neotropical epiphytic orchids and an unparalleled unrealistic due to high levels of sequence divergence, diversity in floral rewards and pollination systems. and instead to concentrate our efforts on assembling Many researchers have posed questions such as a larger plastid data set based on two regions (matK “How many times and when has male euglossine and ycf1) that are among the most variable plastid bee pollination evolved?”(Ramírez et al. 2011), or exon regions and can be aligned with minimal “How many times have oil-reward flowers evolved?” ambiguity across broad taxonomic spans. -
Use of Anatomical Root Markers for Species Identification Incatasetum (Orchidaceae) at the Portal Da Amazônia Region, MT, Brazil
ACTA AMAZONICA http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201401832 Use of anatomical root markers for species identification in Catasetum (Orchidaceae) at the Portal da Amazônia region, MT, Brazil Ivone Vieira da SILVA1*, Rubens Maia de OLIVEIRA1, Ana Aparecida Bandini ROSSI1, Angelita Benevenuti da SILVA1, Daiane Maia de OLIVEIRA2 1 Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário de Alta Floresta. Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Agrárias, BR 208, km 147, CEP 78580-000, Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brasil. 2 Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Departamento de Biologia, Avenida Rui Braga, Vila Mauriceia, CEP 39401-089, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil. * Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Orchidaceae is one of the largest botanical families, with approximately 780 genera. Among the genera of this family, Catasetum currently comprises 166 species. The aim of this study was to characterize the root anatomy of eight Catasetum species, verifying adaptations related to epiphytic habit and looking for features that could contribute to the vegetative identification of such species. The species studied were collected at the Portal da Amazônia region, Mato Grosso state, Brazil. The roots were fixed in FAA 50, cut freehand, and stained with astra blue/fuchsin. Illustrations were obtained with a digital camera mounted on a photomicroscope. The roots of examined species shared most of the anatomical characteristics observed in other species of the Catasetum genus, and many of them have adaptations to the epiphytic habit, such as presence of secondary thickening in the velamen cell walls, exodermis, cortex, and medulla. Some specific features were recognized as having taxonomic application, such as composition of the thickening of velamen cell walls, ornamentation of absorbent root-hair walls, presence of tilosomes, composition and thickening of the cortical cell walls, presence of mycorrhizae, endodermal cell wall thickening, the number of protoxylem poles, and composition and thickening of the central area of the vascular cylinder. -
Diversity and Distribution of Vascular Epiphytic Flora in Sub-Temperate Forests of Darjeeling Himalaya, India
Annual Research & Review in Biology 35(5): 63-81, 2020; Article no.ARRB.57913 ISSN: 2347-565X, NLM ID: 101632869 Diversity and Distribution of Vascular Epiphytic Flora in Sub-temperate Forests of Darjeeling Himalaya, India Preshina Rai1 and Saurav Moktan1* 1Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, B.C. Road, Kolkata, 700 019, West Bengal, India. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author PR conducted field study, collected data and prepared initial draft including literature searches. Author SM provided taxonomic expertise with identification and data analysis. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/ARRB/2020/v35i530226 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Rishee K. Kalaria, Navsari Agricultural University, India. Reviewers: (1) Sameh Cherif, University of Carthage, Tunisia. (2) Ricardo Moreno-González, University of Göttingen, Germany. (3) Nelson Túlio Lage Pena, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/57913 Received 06 April 2020 Accepted 11 June 2020 Original Research Article Published 22 June 2020 ABSTRACT Aims: This communication deals with the diversity and distribution including host species distribution of vascular epiphytes also reflecting its phenological observations. Study Design: Random field survey was carried out in the study site to identify and record the taxa. Host species was identified and vascular epiphytes were noted. Study Site and Duration: The study was conducted in the sub-temperate forests of Darjeeling Himalaya which is a part of the eastern Himalaya hotspot. The zone extends between 1200 to 1850 m amsl representing the amalgamation of both sub-tropical and temperate vegetation. -
The Orchid Flora of the Colombian Department of Valle Del Cauca
Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 85: 445-462, 2014 Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 85: 445-462, 2014 DOI: 10.7550/rmb.32511 DOI: 10.7550/rmb.32511445 The orchid flora of the Colombian Department of Valle del Cauca La orquideoflora del departamento colombiano de Valle del Cauca Marta Kolanowska Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdańsk. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland. [email protected] Abstract. The floristic, geographical and ecological analysis of the orchid flora of the department of Valle del Cauca are presented. The study area is located in the southwestern Colombia and it covers about 22 140 km2 of land across 4 physiographic units. All analysis are based on the fieldwork and on the revision of the herbarium material. A list of 572 orchid species occurring in the department of Valle del Cauca is presented. Two species, Arundina graminifolia and Vanilla planifolia, are non-native elements of the studied orchid flora. The greatest species diversity is observed in the montane regions of the study area, especially in wet montane forest. The department of Valle del Cauca is characterized by the high level of endemism and domination of the transitional elements within the studied flora. The main problems encountered during the research are discussed in the context of tropical floristic studies. Key words: biodiversity, ecology, distribution, Orchidaceae. Resumen. Se presentan los resultados de los estudios geográfico, ecológico y florístico de la orquideoflora del departamento colombiano del Valle del Cauca. El área de estudio está ubicada al suroccidente de Colombia y cubre aproximadamente 22 140 km2 de tierra a través de 4 unidades fisiográficas. -
The Orchid Pollinaria Collection at Lankester Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258442479 THE ORCHID POLLINARIA COLLECTION AT LANKESTER BOTANICAL GARDEN, UNIVERSITY OF COSTA RICA Article · January 2008 DOI: 10.2307/41760317 CITATIONS READS 4 178 2 authors: Franco Pupulin A. P. Karremans University of Costa Rica University of Costa Rica 201 PUBLICATIONS 1,707 CITATIONS 113 PUBLICATIONS 731 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Sobralias of Costa Rica View project Species Orchidacearum Icones Colombianae View project All content following this page was uploaded by A. P. Karremans on 17 May 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Selbyana 29(1): 69- 86. 2008. THE ORCHID POLLINARIA COLLECTION AT LANKESTER BOTANICAL GARDEN, UNIVERSITY OF COSTA RICA FRANCO PUPULIN* Lankester Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica. P.O. Box 1031-7050 Cartago, Costa Rica,. CA Angel Andreetta Research Center on Andean Orchids, University Alfredo Pérez Guerrero, Extension Gualaceo, Ecuador Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA, USA The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens, Sarasota, FL, USA Email: [email protected] ADAM KARREMANS Lankester Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica. P.O. Box 1031-7050 Cartago, Costa Rica, CA Angel Andreetta Research Center on Andean Orchids, University Alfredo Pérez Guerrero, Extension Gualaceo, Ecuador ABSTRACT. The relevance of pollinaria study in orchid systematics and reproductive biology is summa rized. The Orchid Pollinaria Collection and the associate database of Lankester Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica, are presented. The collection includes 496 pollinaria, bèlonging to 312 species in 94 genera, with particular emphasis on Neotropical taxa of the tribe Cymbidieae (Epidendroideae). -
Check List of Wild Angiosperms of Bhagwan Mahavir (Molem
Check List 9(2): 186–207, 2013 © 2013 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution Check List of Wild Angiosperms of Bhagwan Mahavir PECIES S OF Mandar Nilkanth Datar 1* and P. Lakshminarasimhan 2 ISTS L (Molem) National Park, Goa, India *1 CorrespondingAgharkar Research author Institute, E-mail: G. [email protected] G. Agarkar Road, Pune - 411 004. Maharashtra, India. 2 Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, P. O. Botanic Garden, Howrah - 711 103. West Bengal, India. Abstract: Bhagwan Mahavir (Molem) National Park, the only National park in Goa, was evaluated for it’s diversity of Angiosperms. A total number of 721 wild species belonging to 119 families were documented from this protected area of which 126 are endemics. A checklist of these species is provided here. Introduction in the National Park are Laterite and Deccan trap Basalt Protected areas are most important in many ways for (Naik, 1995). Soil in most places of the National Park area conservation of biodiversity. Worldwide there are 102,102 is laterite of high and low level type formed by natural Protected Areas covering 18.8 million km2 metamorphosis and degradation of undulation rocks. network of 660 Protected Areas including 99 National Minerals like bauxite, iron and manganese are obtained Parks, 514 Wildlife Sanctuaries, 43 Conservation. India Reserves has a from these soils. The general climate of the area is tropical and 4 Community Reserves covering a total of 158,373 km2 with high percentage of humidity throughout the year. -
Checklist Das Spermatophyta Do Estado De São Paulo, Brasil
Biota Neotrop., vol. 11(Supl.1) Checklist das Spermatophyta do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil Maria das Graças Lapa Wanderley1,10, George John Shepherd2, Suzana Ehlin Martins1, Tiago Egger Moellwald Duque Estrada3, Rebeca Politano Romanini1, Ingrid Koch4, José Rubens Pirani5, Therezinha Sant’Anna Melhem1, Ana Maria Giulietti Harley6, Luiza Sumiko Kinoshita2, Mara Angelina Galvão Magenta7, Hilda Maria Longhi Wagner8, Fábio de Barros9, Lúcia Garcez Lohmann5, Maria do Carmo Estanislau do Amaral2, Inês Cordeiro1, Sonia Aragaki1, Rosângela Simão Bianchini1 & Gerleni Lopes Esteves1 1Núcleo de Pesquisa Herbário do Estado, Instituto de Botânica, CP 68041, CEP 04045-972, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 2Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP, CP 6109, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brasil 3Programa Biota/FAPESP, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP, CP 6109, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brasil 4Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCar, Rod. João Leme dos Santos, Km 110, SP-264, Itinga, CEP 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brasil 5Departamento de Botânica – IBUSP, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, Rua do Matão, 277, CEP 05508-090, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 6Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana – UEFS, Av. Transnordestina, s/n, Novo Horizonte, CEP 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil 7Universidade Santa Cecília – UNISANTA, R. Dr. Oswaldo Cruz, 266, Boqueirão, CEP 11045-907, -
Contributions to a Reassessment of Costa Rican Zygopetalinae (Orchidaceae)
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien Jahr/Year: 2001 Band/Volume: 103B Autor(en)/Author(s): Pupulin Franco Artikel/Article: Contributions to a reassessment of Costa Rican Zygopetalinae (Orchidaceae). The genus Kefersteinia RCHB.f.. 525-555 ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 103 B 525 - 555 Wien, Dezember 2001 Contributions to a reassessment of Costa Rican Zygopetalinae (Orchidaceae). The genus Kefersteinia RcHB.f. Franco Pupulin* Abstract A revision of the Costa Rican species pertaining to the genus Kefersteinia RcHB.f. is presented. Phylo- genetic relationships of the genus are discussed. Ten species are accepted for Costa Rica and a key to the species is provided, together with references to the types and synonyms, a detailed description, etymology, general distribution and examined specimens in the study area, ecological notes, taxonomic discussion and a composite illustration for each taxon. A new species, Kefersteinia endresii PUPULIN, is described and illu- strated. Lectotypes are selected for Zygopetalum lacteum RcHB.f., Kefersteinia alba SCHLTR., K. micro- charis SCHLTR. and K. parvilabris SCHLTR. Key words: Orchidaceae, Zygopetalinae, Kefersteinia, Kefersteinia endresii, Costa Rica, systematics, taxonomy Introduction Although the Zygopetalinae appear to be a natural group of the Orchidaceae, its divisi- on into several formal subgroups has proven to be difficult. Within the subtribe, delimi- tation of genera is particularly critical in the Chondrorhyncha alliance. Despite the pre- sence in all the genera of the complex of a common variant in the seed type with res- pect to the Maxillaria type (DRESSLER 1981), vegetative and floral characters do not seem to correlate consistently enough to permit the definition of clear generic bounda- ries. -
Notes on Elleanthus Muscicola (Orchidaceae) and Description of a New Epilyna Species from Panama
Polish Botanical Journal 59(2): 173–176, 2014 DOI: 10.2478/pbj-2014-0022 NOTES ON ELLEANTHUS MUSCICOLA (ORCHIDACEAE) AND DESCRIPTION OF A NEW EPILYNA SPECIES FROM PANAMA Marta Kolanowska1 & Dariusz L. Szlachetko Abstract. The generic affinity ofElleanthus muscicola Schltr. is clarified and a new combination withinEpilyna Schltr. is proposed. The differences between Epilyna and morphologically similar genera are discussed. Epilyna trilobata Kolan. & Szlach., a new species so far known only from Panama, is described, illustrated and placed within a key to identification of all Epilyna species. Key words: Elleanthus, Epidendrum, Epilyna, Panama, taxonomy Marta Kolanowska & Dariusz L. Szlachetko, Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] Introduction The Neotropical genus Epilyna was proposed by truncate. The single viscidium is usually longer Schlechter (1918) based on E. jimenezii Schltr. The than the caudiculae, oblong to ovoid, dorsiven- author found it similar in habit to Epidendrum L. trally compressed, and detachable. The rostellum but different in its flower structure, which resem- remnant is more or less incised. In Epilyna the bles Elleanthus C. Presl. From the latter genus gynostemium is erect and rather short. The eight Epilyna is easily distinguished by its leaves, which pollinia are rather unequal in size and form, el- are conduplicate, obliquely bidentate and minutely lipsoid to obovoid, slightly flattened laterally, and mucronate at the apex. The leaves of Elleanthus joined together by small, inconspicuous, sticky s.str. are always plicate, thin or relatively stiff, and cauciculae. The apical clinandrium is prominent acute to acuminate. -
Phylogeny, Character Evolution and the Systematics of Psilochilus (Triphoreae)
THE PRIMITIVE EPIDENDROIDEAE (ORCHIDACEAE): PHYLOGENY, CHARACTER EVOLUTION AND THE SYSTEMATICS OF PSILOCHILUS (TRIPHOREAE) A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Erik Paul Rothacker, M.Sc. ***** The Ohio State University 2007 Doctoral Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. John V. Freudenstein, Adviser Dr. John Wenzel ________________________________ Dr. Andrea Wolfe Adviser Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology Graduate Program COPYRIGHT ERIK PAUL ROTHACKER 2007 ABSTRACT Considering the significance of the basal Epidendroideae in understanding patterns of morphological evolution within the subfamily, it is surprising that no fully resolved hypothesis of historical relationships has been presented for these orchids. This is the first study to improve both taxon and character sampling. The phylogenetic study of the basal Epidendroideae consisted of two components, molecular and morphological. A molecular phylogeny using three loci representing each of the plant genomes including gap characters is presented for the basal Epidendroideae. Here we find Neottieae sister to Palmorchis at the base of the Epidendroideae, followed by Triphoreae. Tropidieae and Sobralieae form a clade, however the relationship between these, Nervilieae and the advanced Epidendroids has not been resolved. A morphological matrix of 40 taxa and 30 characters was constructed and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. The results support many of the traditional views of tribal composition, but do not fully resolve relationships among many of the tribes. A robust hypothesis of relationships is presented based on the results of a total evidence analysis using three molecular loci, gap characters and morphology. Palmorchis is placed at the base of the tree, sister to Neottieae, followed successively by Triphoreae sister to Epipogium, then Sobralieae.