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3.0. the Meaning of Idioms

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3.0. the Meaning of Idioms JIHOČESKÁ UNIVERZITA V ČESKÝCH BUDĚJOVICÍCH Pedagogická fakulta Katedra anglistiky Diplomová práce English and Czech Colour Idioms. A Comparative Study. Anglické a české idiomy obsahující barvy. Komparativní studie. Vypracovala: Jana Cuchá Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Jana Kozubíková Šandová, Ph.D. 2012 Prohlášení Prohlašuji, ţe jsem diplomovou práci na téma English and Czech Colour Idioms. A Comparative Study vypracovala samostatně pouze s pouţitím pramenů a literatury uvedených v seznamu citované literatury. Prohlašuji, ţe v souladu s §47b zákona č.111/1998 Sb., v platném znění, souhlasím se zveřejněním své diplomové práce, a to v nezkrácené podobě elektronickou cestou ve veřejně přístupné části databáze STAG provozované Jihočeskou univerzitou v Českých Budějovicích na jejích internetových stránkách. V Českých Budějovicích 27. prosince 2012 ......................................... podpis studenta Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor Mgr. Jana Kozubíková Šandová, Ph.D., for her support, invaluable assistance, and important suggestions. I appreciate the encouragement, patience, and time she has sacrificed for this thesis. Abstract This thesis deals with English and Czech colour idioms. The theoretical part focuses on a detailed description of idioms, their meaning, structure, and functions. Furthermore, various classifications of idioms are discussed. The practical part analysis a corpus of English colour idioms and compares them in terms of the degree of equivalence with suitable Czech counterparts. Finally, a group of English colour idioms is researched in order to determine whether the particular idioms are recognized and used by English and Czech speakers. Anotace Tato diplomová práce se zabývá anglickými a českými idiomy obsahující barvy. Teoretická část se zaměřuje na podrobný popis idiomů, jejich významu, struktury a funkce. Dále jsou diskutovány různé klasifikace idiomů. Praktická část analyzuje korpus anglických idiomů spojených s barvou a porovnává je z hlediska stupně ekvivalence s vhodnými českými protějšky. Poté je skupina anglických idiomů spojených s barvou zkoumána za účelem zjistit, zdali jsou konkrétní anglické idiomy pouţívány a známy anglickými a českými mluvčími. Table of Contents 1.0. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1 2.0. WHAT IS AN IDIOM? ............................................................................................................. 2 3.0. THE MEANING OF IDIOMS ................................................................................................. 5 4.0. THE FUNCTION OF IDIOMS ............................................................................................... 6 5.0. VARIOUS CLASSIFICATIONS OF IDIOMS ...................................................................... 8 5.1 MAKKAI‟S CLASSIFICATION ............................................................................................ 8 5.1.1 Types of Lexemic Idioms ....................................................................................... 9 5.1.1.1 Phrasal Verb Idioms ............................................................................................ 9 5.1.1.2 Tournure Idioms .......................................................................................... 10 5.1.1.2.1 The characteristics of Tournure idioms ........................................ 10 5.1.1.2.2 The subclassification of Tournure Idioms .................................... 11 5.1.1.3 Irreversible Binomial Idioms ....................................................................... 13 5.1.1.3.1 The characteristics of Irreversible Binomial idioms ........................ 13 5.1.1.3.2 The subclassification of Irreversible Binomial Idioms .................... 14 5.1.1.4 Phrasal Compound Idioms .......................................................................... 15 5.1.1.4.1 The subclassification of Phrasal Compound Idioms ........................ 15 5.1.1.5 Incorporating Verb Idioms .......................................................................... 16 5.1.1.5.1 The characteristic of Incorporating Verb Idioms ............................. 16 5.1.1.5.2 The subclassification of Incorporating Verb Idioms ....................... 16 5.1.1.6 Pseudo-Idioms ............................................................................................. 17 5.1.1.6.1 The characteristic of Pseudo-Idioms ................................................ 17 5.2 STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION .......................................................................................... 18 5.3 SYNTACTIC CLASSIFICATION ............................................................................................. 18 5.4 CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS OF SEMANTIC OPAQUENESS ............................................. 19 6.0. IDIOM ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................... 20 6.1. TOTAL CORRESPONDENCE ................................................................................................ 21 6.1.1. 100% correspondence ............................................................................................... 22 6.1.2. Overall correspondence .......................................................................................... 22 6.2. PARTIAL CORRESPONDENCE ........................................................................................... 22 6.3. NON CORRESPONDENCE .................................................................................................. 23 6.3.1. Periphrasis ................................................................................................................ 24 6.3.2. One-word expression ................................................................................................ 24 7.0. ANALYSIS OF IDIOMS .............................................................................................................. 25 7.1. IDIOMS CONNECTED WITH BLACK .................................................................................... 25 7.1.1 Total correspondence ................................................................................................. 25 7.1.1.1 100% correspondence ..................................................................................... 25 7.1.1.2 Overall correspondence .................................................................................. 27 7.1.2 Partial correspondence ............................................................................................ 28 7.1.3 Non correspondence ................................................................................................. 29 7.1.3.1 Periphrasis ....................................................................................................... 29 7.1.3.2 One-word expression ...................................................................................... 32 7.2. IDIOMS CONNECTED WITH BLUE ....................................................................................... 33 7.2.1. Total correspondence .............................................................................................. 33 7.2.1.1. 100% correspondence ..................................................................................... 33 7.2.2. Partial correspondence ....................................................................................... 34 7.2.3. Non correspondence................................................................................................ 34 7.2.3.1 Periphrasis ......................................................................................................... 34 7.2.3.2. One-word expression ....................................................................................... 36 7.3. IDIOMS CONNECTED WITH BROWN ................................................................................... 39 7.3.1 Partial correspondence ....................................................................................... 40 7.3.2. Non correspondence……………………………………………………………………..40 7.3.2.1 Periphrasis……………………………………………………………..40 7.4. IDIOMS CONNECTED WITH GREEN .................................................................................... 41 7.4.1. Total correspondence ................................................................................................ 41 7.4.1.1. 100% correspondence .................................................................................... 41 7.4.2. Partial correspondence ........................................................................................... 42 7.4.3. Non correspondence................................................................................................ 43 7.4.3.1 Periphrasis ....................................................................................................... 43 7.4.3.2. One-word expression ..................................................................................... 45 7.5. IDIOMS CONNECTED WITH GREY ...................................................................................... 45 7.5.1. Total correspondence ................................................................................................ 45 7.5.1.1 100% correspondence ..................................................................................... 45 7.5.2. Partial correspondence ........................................................................................... 46 7.6. IDIOMS CONNECTED
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