Jurnal Biota Vol. 7 No. 2, 2021 ISSN: 2460-7746 (online); ISSN: 2528-262X (print) | 101 Diversity and Abundance Dragonflies (Odonata) at Mount Sigogor Nature Reserve Area, Ponorogo Regency, East Java, Indonesia Muhamad Azmi Dwi Susanto*, Saiful Bahri Biology Departement, Faculty Sains dan Technologi, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya Jl. A. Yani 117, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia *email: [email protected] Article Info ABSTRACT Mount Sigogor Nature Reserve area is a mountainous tropical Keyword: rain forest, administratively located in Pupus Village, Ngebel Diversity District, Ponorogo Regency, East Java, Indonesia. One of the Dragonflies main functions of this nature reserve is as a water catchment Nature Reserve area for the villages around the nature reserve area. Water sources and flows within the Mount Sigogor Nature Reserve area Article history: have the potential as natural habitat for dragonflies. This study Received: 03/05/2021 aims to determine the diversity and abundance of dragonflies Revised: 09/07/21 (Odonata) in the Mount Sigogor Nature Reserve Area. The Accepted: 13/07/21 method of collecting dragonflies data used the Visual Day Flying method by recording the diversity of dragonflies species and counting the number of individuals from each observed dragonflies species. The data obtained were analyzed using the Relative abundance, Shannon-Wiener Heterogeneity Index and the frequency of Presence. The results of the research conducted showed that there were 14 species from 7 families with a total of 464 individuals. The Shannor-Wiener diversity index shows that the diversity value is H'= 1.81. Meanwhile, the presence frequency analysis showed that there were four species with a value of 100% which were classified as abundant Frequency of Presence, namely Euphaea variegata, Vestalis luctuosa, Rhinocypha anisoptera and Coeliccia membranipes. Copyright © 2021 Author(s). All Right Reserved Introduction becoming an adult dragonfly (Paulson, 2009). Dragonflies are a group of insects that are Therefore, in the vicinity of the aquatic small to large and mostly attractively colored, ecosystem, most of them become natural based on the scientific classification of habitats for various types of dragonflies. dragonflies in the Order Odonata. Dragonflies The diversity and abundance of undergo incomplete metamorphosis. There are dragonflies is very important for the ecosystem, three phases in the dragonfly life cycle, namely this is because dragonflies have a major role in egg, naiad and adult dragonfly stages. The egg maintaining the balance of the food chain and and naiad phases of aquatic dragonflies and act as predators of small insects in the nymph their terrestrial adult phase (Laily et al., 2018). and adult phases. Small insects that fall prey to Most of the dragonfly life is spent in the naiad dragonflies are mosquitoes, flies, fleas to phase, namely in the water, the dragonfly naiad agricultural pests (B. C. Pamungkas, 2016). phase takes one month to years before Thus it shows that the diversity and abundance http://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/biota 102 | Jurnal Biota Vol. 7 No. 2, 2021 of dragonflies in an ecosystem can be an The tools and materials used in this indicator of ecosystem balance (D. W. research are GPS, stationery, cameras, watches, Pamungkas & Ridwan, 2015). In addition to insect nets and identification books (Orr, 2005; maintaining the balance of the food chain, the B. C. Pamungkas, 2016; Setiyono et al., 2017). diversity and abundance of dragonflies can also The method of collecting dragonfly data be used as bioindicators of environmental used the Visual Day Flying method by quality. Dragonflies have high sensitivity to recording the diversity of dragonfly species and pollution and will leave their habitat if there is counting the number of individuals from each damage to the environment that is their natural observed dragonfly species. Data collection is habitat. This is because dragonflies have an carried out at 08:00 - 13:00 WIB. Observations organ that functions as a detector of chemical were made in the morning because it was the compounds in the surrounding environment, time the dragonflies were active. The types of namely the olfactory sensor nerves contained in dragonflies observed were documented using a the antenna. This causes dragonflies to be used camera and identified using the identification as bioindicators in the environment, especially book (Orr, 2005; B. C. Pamungkas, 2016; water quality (Nugrahani et al., 2014). Setiyono et al., 2017). Data recording includes The Mount Sigogor Nature Reserve Area types and numbers of dragonflies. is administratively located in Pupus Village, The data on dragonflies obtained were then Ngebel District, Ponorogo Regency, East Java, analyzed using the Relative Abundance (RA) Indonesia. The Mount Sigogor nature reserve is (Suaskara & Joni, 2020) and Shannon-Wiener a mountainous tropical rain forest area that has index based on (Laily et al., 2018) with the a water source that flows from the area to the following formula. village stream. One of the main functions of Relative Abundance: this nature reserve is as a water catchment area 푛 푅퐴 = x 100% for the villages around the nature reserve area. 푁 Water sources and flows within the Mount Diversity Index: Sigogor Nature Reserve area have the potential 푛 푛 퐻′ = ∑( 퐼푛 ) as natural habitat for dragonflies. There was no 푁 푁 data on the diversity and abundance of dragonflies at Mount Sigogor Nature Reserve Note: area making this study very important. This RA : Relative Abundance study aims to determine the diversity and H’ : Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index abundance of dragonflies in the Mount Sigogor ni : Total individuals belonging to the i Nature Reserve Area. species N : Total individuals of population Materials and Methods This research was conducted on 20 January The results of data on the number of – 20 February, 2021 with observation time at species and individuals are calculated the 08.00-13.00 WIB. This research was conducted frequency of presence using the following in the Nature Reserve of Mount Sigogor, Pupus formula. Village, Ngebel District, Ponorogo Regency, 푇표푡푎푙 푝표푠푡푠 푓표푢푛푑 푠푝푒푐푒푠 East Java, Indonesia. The location of the Mount PF = 푥 100% Sigogor Nature Reserve is divided into several 푡ℎ푒 푡표푡푎푙 표푓 푝표푠푡푠 observation locations based on the composition of vegetation, differences in habitat, position of Results and Discussion stream and ease of access. Based on the The results of research conducted in the position of the stream, five observation Mount Sigogor Nature Reserve area showed locations were made scattered at various points that there were 14 species from 7 families in the Mount Sigogor Nature Reserve area. The consisting of 5 species of Suborder Zygoptera selection of these seven locations was also and 9 species of Suborder Anisoptera. The based on differences in the composition of number of individuals found was 464 vegetation in the location and the ease of access individuals, of which 349 individuals belonged to the location. http://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/biota Jurnal Biota Vol. 7 No. 2, 2021 | 103 to Suborder Zygoptera and 115 individuals conditions where there are many herbaceous belonged to Suborder Anisoptera (Table 1). In plants on the stream side, is thought to be the this study, species Vestalis luctuosa was main factor causing the abundance of Vestalis dragonfly with the highest number, namely luctuosa species. 171 individuals with relative abundance The Zygonyx iris dragonfly has dark green 36.85%, while dragonfly with the least number metallic on the thorax and metallic brown was Zygonyx iris with 1 species with relative abdomen. This dragonfly has a color similar to abundance 0.22%. the species Zygonyx ida. On each segment of The Vestalis luctuosa species is a the abdomen there is a yellow color that is Zygoptera damselfly with a large size, male shaped like a ring and there is a line in the species dominated by metallic blue on the middle of the abdomen that extends to the end. thorax, legs, abdomen and wings. The wings Females have a color that is not much different and legs have a darker metallic blue color. from male (Orr, 2005). Zygonyx iris species are Whereas in female species the thoracic part is usually found in mountain streams with slightly dominated by metallic green, on the abdomen open canopies and will approach the water and metallic brown wings (Setiyono et al., when the weather is clear. When above water 2017). Vestalis luctuosa Damselfly is often this species will fly low near waterways in found in habitats with dense or open vegetation. search of prey. In this study, the Zygonyx iris This species can be found in forest streams that species were often found flying during the day have clean water flows with slow to swift near streams where there were few trees for currents (Aswari, 2004). In this study, the foraging and mating. The habitat type in the species of Vestalis luctuosa were often found Mount Sigogor Nature Reserve, which mostly during the day with perch on leaves or twigs. has a closed canopy, is thought to be the main The stream in the Mount Sigogor Nature factor causing the very few Zygonyx iris Reserve, which has clean water and vegetation species. Table 1. List of species, Amount of individuals and Conservation Status Amount Relative Conservation Sub ordo - Familia - Species L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 Total Abundance status Zygoptera Euphaeaidae 20.04 LC Euphaea variegata 19 33 3 3 35 93 Calopterygidae 36.85 LC Vestalis luctuosa 32 54 17 11 57 171 Clorocyphidae 0.43 LC Heliocypha fenestrata 2 2 Rhinocypha anisoptera 1 4 3 6 22 36 7.76 LC Platycnemididae 10.13 LC Coeliccia membranipes 20 14 5 4 4 47 Anisoptera Cordulidae 1.51 DD Idionyx montana 1 6 7 Gomphidae 1 1 2 0.43 NE Heliogomphus drescheri Nepogomphus frushtorferi 2 2 0.43 NT Libellulidae 0.86 LC Orthetrum glaucum 1 3 4 Orthetrum pruinosum 3 3 0.65 LC Orthetrum sabina 10 1 4 15 3.23 LC Pantala flavescens 72 72 15.52 LC Zygonyx ida 3 1 5 9 1.94 LC Zygonyx iris 1 1 0.22 LC Total 160 108 31 24 141 464 Note: L1).