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Elections and Identity Politics in Kyrgyzstan 1989-2009 - Moving Beyond the ‘Clan Politics’ Hypothesis
LSE ELECTIONS AND IDENTITY POLITICS IN KYRGYZSTAN 1989-2009 - MOVING BEYOND THE ‘CLAN POLITICS’ HYPOTHESIS Fredrik M Sjoberg Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil) Department of Government London School of Economics and Political Science London July 2009 Final version: 01/12/2009 11:49 UMI Number: U615307 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U615307 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without the prior written consent of the author. I warrant that this authorization does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. Fredrik M Sjoberg 2 Abstract This dissertation examines the emergence of political pluralism in the unlikely case of Kyrgyzstan. -
BUSINESS to Verdict on Budget a Tew Bucks Worries MCC
M - MANCHESTER HERALD. Monday. Sept. 19, 1983 Coventry reaction mixed Signs can make union plan BUSINESS to verdict on budget a tew bucks worries MCC ... page 11 ... page 10 Supervisors the key to white-collar productivity ... page 9 Instead of fulminating about the "invasion’ of . and efficiently, not harder or faster." and for not more than hour. Then the day can be competitive products from foreign lands, should we A 100 percent efficiency rate is machines, not planned on the basis of what's left to do from not be worrying about the “ invasion” of non human beings. But Olson feels 75 percent is both yesterday, what's arrived InYoday’s mail and which competitive employees and employers in the U.S. Your attainable and humane. That doesn't mean you, an employees are on hand to work. marketplace? Is the American white-collaremployee employee, take a IS-minute break every hour, but it Manchester, Conn. working “ smart enough” ? Is the American manager Money's does mean you put In 45 minutes of concentrated effort OLSON’S APPROACH is based on “ cross-training” Cloudy tonight of white-collar workers controlling backlog rather in every 60 minutes instead of the 30 minutes you're to boost productivity. A revolutionary concept is Tuesday, Sept. 20, 1983 than letting the backlog control him? Or is this Worth giving your job now. “ early out” If you, an employee, run out of work as a and Wednesday Single copy: 259 so-called manager merely designing fancy flow Sylvia Porter How do you, a boss, know where you are? Assume result of a supervisor's planning. -
Qarku Shkodër Zgjedhje Për Organet E Qeverisjes Vendore 2019
Zgjedhje për Organet e Qeverisjes Vendore 2019 Komisionet e Zonave të Administrimit Zgjedhor (KZAZ) Qarku Shkodër KZAZ Nr.1 Adresa: Koplik Qendër, Qendra Kulturore e Femijeve Emri Mbiemri Subjekti Pozicioni Sabrije Çelaj PS Zv.Kryetare Kujtim Lamthi PS Anëtar Neriban Hoxhaj PS Anëtar Eristjon Smajlaj Anëtar Kryesisht Rexhina Rrjolli PS Sekretare Nr.Tel 675651530 Email [email protected] KZAZ Nr.2 Adresa: Shkodër, Pallati i Sportit "Qazim Dervishi" Emri Mbiemri Subjekti Pozicioni Gazmir Jahiqi PS Kryetar Fatbardh Dama PS Anëtar Servete Osja PS Anëtare Erion Mandi PS Anëtar Agim Martini Sekretar Kryesisht Nr.Tel 695234514 Email [email protected] KZAZ Nr.3 Adresa: Shkodër, Palestra e Shkolles "Ismail Qemali" Emri Mbiemri Subjekti Pozicioni Fatjon Tahiri PS Zv.Kryetar Eltjon Boshti PS Anëtar Edita Shoshi PS Anëtare Isida Ramja Anëtar Kryesisht Arbër Jubica PS Sekretar Nr.Tel 692098232 Email [email protected] KZAZ Nr.4 Adresa: Shkodër, Shkolla 9-vjeçare "Azem Hajdari" Emri Mbiemri Subjekti Pozicioni Valbona Tula PS Kryetare Antonio Matia PS Anëtar Ermal Vukaj PS Anëtar Irisa Ymeri PS Anëtar Alban Bala Sekretar Kryesisht Nr.Tel 676503720 Email [email protected] KZAZ Nr.5 Adresa: Shkodër, Shkolla 9-vjeçare "Xheladin Fishta" Emri Mbiemri Subjekti Pozicioni Ermira Ymeraj PS Zv.Kryetare Luçian Pjetri PS Anëtar Valentin Nikolli PS Anëtar Pashko Ara Anëtar Kryesisht Ilir Dibra PS Sekretar Nr.Tel 674634258 Email [email protected] KZAZ Nr.6 Adresa: Bushat, Shkolla e mesme profesionale "Ndre Mjeda" Emri Mbiemri Subjekti Pozicioni Sokol Shkreli PS Kryetar -
A Balkanist in Daghestan: Annotated Notes from the Field Victor A
A Balkanist in Daghestan: Annotated Notes from the Field Victor a. Friedman University of Chicago Introduction and Disclaimer The Republic of Daghestan has received very little attention in the West. Chenciner (1997) is the only full-length account in English based on first-hand visits mostly in the late 1980's and early 1990's. Wixman's (1980) excellent study had to be based entirely on secondary sources, and Bennigsen and Wimbush (1986:146-81 et passim), while quite useful, is basically encyclopedic and somewhat dated. Since Daghestan is still difficult to get to, potentially unstable, and only infrequently visited by Western scholars (mostly linguists), I am offering this account of my recent visit there (16-20 June 1998), modestly supplemented by some published materials. My intent is basically informative and impressionistic, and I do not attempt to give complete coverage to many topics worthy of further research. This account does, however, update some items covered in the aforementioned works and makes some observations on Daghestan with respect to language, identity, the political situation, and a comparison with the another unstable, multi-ethnic, identity construction site, i.e., Balkans, particularly Macedonia. Background Daghestan is the third most populous Republic in the Russian Federation (after Bashkortostan and Tatarstan; Osmanov 1986:24). The northern half of its current territory, consisting of the Nogai steppe and the Kizljar region settled in part by Terek Cossacks, was added in 1922, after the fall of the North Caucasian -
1 the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs
The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR EDWIN MCCAMMON MARTIN Interviewed by: Melbourne Spector Initial interview date: April 7, 1988 Copyright 1998 ADS TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born in Dayton Ohio Raised in Ohio New $ersey and Indiana Northwester University American University (hite House ) Central Statistical Board National Defense Advisory Commission 19,0 Plant Site Board Picking bom. targets in $apan EA Department of State 19,0 Occupation and surrender policy State advisor of Far Eastern Economic Affairs Chief Division of $apanese and 1orean Economic Affairs Personalities Reporting mission to Far East Douglas 2acArthur U.S. occupation program in $apan book 4i5uidating enemy 6assets7 Office of International Financial Development Affairs 19,2919,8 George 2arshall Esta.lishing Ruhr Coal and Steel Authority COCO2 mission The Attorney General7s list Office of European Regional Affairs 19,991902 2arshall Plan and NATO Chief SCFA NATO 6wise men7 4is.on meeting Paris France 190391907 1 4ord Ismay Harold Stassen NATO staff French reject EDC FSO Class 1 NATO coordination pro.lems 4ondon Great Britain 190791909 2inister of Economic Affairs Am.assador $ohn Hay (hitney Britain and the Common 2arket Nixon visit Economic Affairs 196091962 Deputy Assistant Secretary (hite House contact Airline and commodity issues Douglas Dillon Alliance for Progress Balance of payments deficit Development Assistance group Tokyo economic meeting ARA 19629196, Assistant Secretary Reorganizing ARA 4atin American inter9agency policy committee Cu.an 2issile Crisis Panama Canal Aone Broken relations Treaty negotiations Buenos Aires Argentina 196,91967 Am.assador President Illia and politics $uan Peron and Peronistas Coup d7etat US company pro.lems (ashington Draft U.S. -
Albania the Drafting Process for the 1998 Albanian Constitution, Scott
THE DRAFTING PROCESS FOR THE 1998 ALBANIAN CONSTITUTION Scott N. Carlson INTRODUCTION With its adoption of a new constitution in 1998, the Republic of Albania joined the ranks of other Central and East European nations who have now adopted democratic constitutions. For Albania, the new constitution provides a historic foundation upon which to forge an independent, democratic future. Throughout recent history, Albania has endured domination and rigid control at the hands of regional powers, and even when independent, the country has suffered under autocracy. The most egregious example of the latter, the Stalinist dictator, Enver Hoxha, led post-World War II Albania into 45 years of exile from the international community. With its adoption of a democratic constitution, Albania took a significant step towards solidifying its democracy and joining the community of nations who rely on constitutions to structure and safeguard their democratic systems of government. While the history of domination and isolation does not fully explain Albania’s delay in the adoption of a new constitution, it does shape the context in which constitutional reform developed. In particular, it helps to explain the lack of constitutional materials in the Albanian language, the lack of familiarity and experience with modern democratic institutions and human rights, and both international and local agreement on the necessity for extensive foreign input. The introduction of a new constitutional system or structure necessarily entails challenges. Even a completely tried and tested system or structure may fail when introduced into a new environment. The process of legal transplantation is a delicate one, and the host state can reject the introduction of foreign legal concepts for a variety of reasons. -
Albanian Election 2005 – a New Ruling Elite?
Albanian Election 2005 – A New Ruling Elite? James Pettifer Conflict Studies Research Centre UK Defence Academy (05/60) October 2005 Introduction The general election of July 2005 in Albania was a major test for the Socialist Party administration of Fatos Nano, which had in one form or another been ruling Albania since 1997. The street turmoil of that year had seen the fall of the Democratic Party government of Sali Berisha. Fatos Nano and his party assumed power in very controversial elections in June 1997. Subsequently, in 2001 the Socialist Party had been returned to power in a disputed election, but with a reduced majority.1 The conduct of that election was a considerable improvement over the 1997 poll. It was nevertheless criticized by the international community representatives in Tirana, and it took several weeks for a final result to emerge after many recounts in some constituencies. In the election this year, the Socialists were peacefully displaced from power, and a Democratic Party led coalition has become the new government. The election in general had a more favourable ‘conduct report’ from the international community than the 2001 poll, despite a number of violent incidents on polling day. A small number of rerun polls necessary in late August went smoothly and without incident. In that sense, the election marks another positive step forward for Albania along the road to integration in Euro- Atlantic institutions. The main issue occupying the International Community (IC) is whether Dr Sali Berisha will be able to run a stable functional government as a result, and what degree of political change can be expected given the number of largely unknown new people in higher posts. -
Ligjvënësit Shqipëtarë Në Vite
LIGJVËNËSIT SHQIPTARË NË VITE Viti 1920 Këshilli Kombëtar i Lushnjës (Senati) Një dhomë, 37 deputetë 27 mars 1920–20 dhjetor 1920 Zgjedhjet u mbajtën më 31 janar 1920. Xhemal NAIPI Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1920) Dhimitër KACIMBRA Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1920) Lista emërore e senatorëve 1. Abdurrahman Mati 22. Myqerem HAMZARAJ 2. Adem GJINISHI 23. Mytesim KËLLIÇI 3. Adem PEQINI 24. Neki RULI 4. Ahmet RESULI 25. Osman LITA 5. Bajram bej CURRI 26. Qani DISHNICA 6. Bektash CAKRANI 27. Qazim DURMISHI 7. Beqir bej RUSI 28. Qazim KOCULI 8. Dine bej DIBRA 29. Ramiz DACI 9. Dine DEMA 30. Rexhep MITROVICA 10. Dino bej MASHLARA 31. Sabri bej HAFIZ 11. Dhimitër KACIMBRA 32. Sadullah bej TEPELENA 12. Fazlli FRASHËRI 33. Sejfi VLLAMASI 13. Gjergj KOLECI 34. Spiro Jorgo KOLEKA 14. Halim bej ÇELA 35. Spiro PAPA 15. Hilë MOSI 36. Shefqet VËRLACI 16. Hysein VRIONI 37. Thanas ÇIKOZI 17. Irfan bej OHRI 38. Veli bej KRUJA 18. Kiço KOÇI 39. Visarion XHUVANI 19. Kolë THAÇI 40. Xhemal NAIPI 20. Kostaq (Koço) KOTA 41. Xhemal SHKODRA 21. Llambi GOXHAMANI 42. Ymer bej SHIJAKU Viti 1921 Këshilli Kombëtar/Parlamenti Një dhomë, 78 deputetë 21 prill 1921–30 shtator 1923 Zgjedhjet u mbajtën më 5 prill 1921. Pandeli EVANGJELI Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1921) Eshref FRASHËRI Kryetar i Këshillit Kombëtar (1922–1923) 1 Lista emërore e deputetëve të Këshillit Kombëtar (Lista pasqyron edhe ndryshimet e bëra gjatë legjislaturës.) 1. Abdyl SULA 49. Mehdi FRASHËRI 2. Agathokli GJITONI 50. Mehmet PENGILI 3. Ahmet HASTOPALLI 51. Mehmet PILKU 4. Ahmet RESULI 52. Mithat FRASHËRI 5. -
Download the July/August 2021 Edition Of
July/August 2021 Published by ASIS International Open Secrets Threats are evolving, but are corporate security intelligence methods keeping pace? By Mark Ashford CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTUREU PROTECTION AND INCIDENT MANAGEMENT Natural disasters, active assailants, political unrest, crime, and terrorism refl ect the heightened need for coordinated preventive and response efforts and critical incident management. Protecting critical infrastructure demands planning, collaboration, and access to information. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) unifi es security teams, supports the early detection of risk, and aids rapid response and incident closure—enhancing your ability to SUSPICIOUS ACTIVITY protect employees, customers, organizational Nearest Facility: 0.2 mi assets, and the public. Total Employees: 23 ASSAULT Nearest Facility: 0.7 mi Total Employees: 35 asis-summer-ad.indd All Pages Reasons to Choose GIS for Your GIS can help your organization with the following: Site Security Operations • Understand your area of operation (AOO)— GIS is a framework for gathering, managing, Protect critical infrastructure with powerful and analyzing data in real time. ArcGIS® software map visualizations and incident data that from Esri integrates many types of data and evolve with your event security needs. security feeds, supports analysis in the context • Design operational pre–plans—Leverage of location, and organizes layers of information a fully integrated framework to guide the using 2D and 3D maps and visualizations. planning, preparation, and execution of security With these unique capabilities, GIS reveals operations for critical incident management. deeper insights into data—such as patterns, • Build a tactical response—Manage incidents relationships, and situations—helping security with adaptable and confi gurable response personnel make smarter, faster decisions. -
74 the Problem of Information War in the Framework of Natural Law
ESTUDIOS LIBERTARIOS VOL. 3. (2020) THE PROBLEM OF INFORMATION WAR IN THE FRAMEWORK OF NATURAL LAW – PARADOX OF TOLERANCE REVISITED IN THE LIGHT (OR DARKNESS) OF SOVIET PROPAGANDA Agnieszka Płonka Abstract In the framework of the natural law, only direct aggression or call to direct aggression may be legally punishable. However, the methods of information war and ideological subversion, while non-violent in the first stages of the long-term subversion process, are intentionally engineered to end in aggression (note: “information war” is here understood as conscious manipulation of cultural perception for future political gains, not cyberwarfare). The paper examines whether it is possible to extend the notion of aggression in the framework of the natural law to include self-defense against ideological subversion. We use the information war tactics carried out in the XX century by the KGB propaganda department (as described by Eastern bloc defectors) as the most incisive example. We show that in order to proceed with defense against such strategies, due to the subtle, stretched in time and mostly psychological nature of propaganda – we would necessarily have to break the natural law ourselves. However, we also argue that for such subversion strategies to be successful, they must be carried out in a society with an already overgrown political system where one group can exert power over another group. Therefore, to ask if we can extend the definition of aggression to information war in the framework of the natural law is meaningless, because for an information war tactic to be successful, the natural law must already be violated in the targeted society. -
Conditional Release of Convicted Persons in Kosovo
International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies Volume 3, Issue 7, July 2016, PP 32-39 ISSN 2394-6288 (Print) & ISSN 2394-6296 (Online) Conditional Release of Convicted Persons in Kosovo Azem Hajdari Faculty of Law, University of Prishtina, “Hasan Prishtina”, Prishtina, Kosovo ABSTRACT Conditional release is a criminal legal institute through which is allowed a release of a person who is serving a sentence by imprisonment before serving it entirely. This institute initially was introduced in England, then in France and other countries in Europe and the world. Conditional release is provided also by the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kosovo. This Code determines conditions on which shall be imposed Conditional release and addresses as well the cases of its revocation. In Kosovo conditional release is imposed by Conditional Release Panel, which operates under the authority of Kosovo Judicial Council. Legislator provided a full independence in the work of this panel. Within this scientific paper has been handled the work of this panel during the period of time 2010-2015. Consequently, the activity of Conditional Release Panel during this period of time was quite overloaded. The Panel received 1652 requests and proposals on conditional release, from which approved 312 and rejected 796 proposals. For other proposals and requests the panel has made decisions of different types (suspension procedure, ceasing procedure etc.). Modest results of this scientific paper prove that during the researching period Kosovo courts revoked conditional release only in two cases. Keywords: punishment, conditional release, panel, court, revocation. INTRODUCTION Conditional release consists in releasing a person who is serving the sentence by imprisonment before serving entirely the sentence imposed by court. -
Albania Bulletin
ALBANIA ASSESSMENT April 2001 Country Information and Policy Unit CONTENTS 1 SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT 1.1 - 1.5 2 GEOGRAPHY 2.1 3 HISTORY Communist Regime 3.1 – 3.3 First Multi-Party elections in 1991 3.4 – 3.6 Pyramid schemes and 1997 State of Emergency 3.7 – 3.8 1997 General Election 3.9 – 3.11 Assassination of Azem Hajdari 3.12 – 3.17 Kosovo Crisis 3.18 – 3.23 Local Government Elections of October 2000 3.24 – 3.45 4 INSTRUMENTS OF THE STATE A Political System 4.1 B The 1997 General Election 4.2 – 4.4 C Right of citizens to change their government 4.5 - 4.9 D The Constitution 4.10 – 4.11 E Police and Human Rights 4.12 - 4.19 F The judiciary 4.20 - 4.31 G Legal Rights / Detention 4.32 - 4.36 H Prisons 4.37 – 4.38 1 5 ACTUAL PRACTICE WITH REGARD TO HUMAN RIGHTS A Freedom of speech and press 5.1 - 5.8 B Freedom of assembly and association 5.9 - 5.11 C Freedom of religion 5.12 - 5.19 D Workers' rights 5.20 - 5.29 E Military service 5.30 – 5.31 F The death penalty 5.32 G Freedom of movement 5.33 - 5.36 H Specific minority groups 5.37 – 5.41 I Women 5.42 - 5.45 J Children 5.46 - 5.48 K Disabled people 5.49 L Ethnic Minority Groups / General 5.50 – 5.52 M Greek Minority 5.53 – 5.61 N Macedonian Minority 5.62 - 5.63 O Montenegrin Minority 5.64 – 5.66 P Roma 5.67 - 5.71 Q Gorani 5.72 - 5.73 R Homosexuals 5.74 6 OTHER ISSUES A Crime and safety 6.1 B Corruption 6.2 - 6.3 C Trafficking in Persons 6.4 - 6.7 D Blood Feuds 6.8 - 6.11 E Medical 6.12 - 6.17 ANNEXES A Chronology B Political organisations Bibliography 1.