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Caryophyllaceae) 4 LUNDELLIA DECEMBER, 2017 NOMENCLATURAL NOTES ON THE ANDEAN GENERA PYCNOPHYLLOPSIS AND PYCNOPHYLLUM (CARYOPHYLLACEAE) Martın´ E. Timana´ Departamento de Humanidades, Seccion´ Geografıa,´ and Centro de Investigacion´ en Geografıa´ Aplicada (CIGA) Pontificia Universidad Catolica´ del Peru,´ Av. Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima 32. Peru´ Email: [email protected] Abstract: The nomenclature of the high Andean genera Pycnophyllopsis Skottsb. and Pycnophyllum J. Remy´ is examined. Eight species of Pycnophyllopsis are recognized; lectotypes or neotypes are selected when required; a new species, Pycnophyllopsis smithii is proposed and two new combinations are made. The genus Plettkea Mattf. is reduced to a synonym of Pycnophyllopsis. Ten species of Pycnophyllum are accepted, including a new species, Pycnophyllum huascaranum and lectotypes or neotypes are selected when needed. Resumen: Se examina la nomenclatura de los generos´ altoandinos Pycnophyllopsis Skottsb. y Pycnophyllum J. Remy.´ Se reconocen ocho especies de Pycnophyllopsis; se designan lectotipos y neotipos cuando es requerido; se propone una nueva especie, Pycnophyllopsis smithii, y dos nuevas combinaciones. Se aceptan diez especies de Pycnophyllum, incluyendo una nueva especie, Pycnophyllum huascaranum; se designan lectotipos y neotipos cuando es requerido. Keywords: Caryophyllaceae, Alsinoideae, Pycnophyllopsis, Pycnophyllum, Plettkea, Andes, nomenclature, Peru, Bolivia. The Caryophyllaceae consists of 100 Andes and the mountain regions of North genera and almost 3000 species (Herna´ndez and Central America. Some genera (includ- et al., 2015). Traditionally, the family has ing several endemics) of the Caryophyllaceae been divided into three subfamilies (Alsi- reach the southern hemisphere, particularly noideae Fenzl, Caryophylloideae Arnott , the high Andes and the south temperate and and Paronychioideae Meisner, but see Har- sub-Antarctic regions. Of the currently baugh et al., 2010) based on various floral recognized genera, 22 are native in South and vegetative features. In that same scheme, America (plus another ten represented by the subfamily Alsinoideae encompasses 28 introduced species), particularly along the genera and nearly 750 species worldwide. Andean region with several of these genera Members of this subfamily are distinguished endemic to the Andes, e.g., Pycnophyllum J. from the Caryophylloideae by their free Remy,´ Pycnophyllopsis Skottsb., Reichella sepals, and from the Paronychioideae by Pax, and Philippiella Speg. their exstipulate leaves and possession of Pycnophyllopsis and Pycnophyllum are true petals (versus petaloid staminodes; among the most poorly known members of McNeill, 1962). the Caryophyllaceae in the New World. Although the family is mainly north Herbarium specimens are, to date, extremely temperate in distribution, with its center of scarce. This under-representation may be diversity in the Mediterranean and Irano- because they are naturally found in the most Turanian region (Bittrich, 1993), several remote parts of the Andes, usually near the genera of Caryophyllaceae are also distinc- snow line. It may also be due to their tive components of alpine floras around the reduced size and, thus, to their inconspicu- world. They are found in the mountain ousness. regions of the Middle East, central Asia, Here I present some long-needed no- alpine New Zealand and Australia, the menclatural notes regarding both Pycnophyl- LUNDELLIA 20:4–24. 2017 NUMBER 20 TIMANA:´ NOMENCLATURE OF PYCNOPHYLLOPSIS AND PYCNOPHYLLUM 5 lum and Pycnophyllopsis. Because several nally proposed by Skottsberg (1916) to former students of these genera, including include all species of the genus Plettkea Pax, Mushler, and Mattfeld, were based at established by Mattfeld (1934a). the herbarium of the Botanic Garden and When Mattfeld proposed Plettkea Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem (B), sev- (Mattfeld, 1934a), he discussed in detail eral, if not most, of the specimens they the position of this taxon (and that of selected as types were destroyed (see Hiepko, Pycnophyllopsis s.s.) in the context of the 1987). Therefore, lectotypification, and in subfamily Alsinoideae. His analysis clearly some cases neotypification, were required. expressed what has been confirmed by later The present work is based upon my doctoral authors (e.g., McNeill, 1962; Bittrich 1993) – dissertation at The University of Texas in namely, that we could establish based on Austin (Timana´, 2005). A revision of each which characters are emphasized, not only genus with detailed descriptions, illustra- multiple classification schemes within the tions, distribution maps and exsiccate is subfamily but also, even generic boundaries. currently in progress. Various genera have been delimited based on single characters; for a detailed discussion MATERIALS AND METHODS on how this has affected large genera such as Arenaria refer to McNeill (1962). Although This study is based upon the examina- Mattfeld (1934b) recognized the close rela- tion of herbarium specimens and extensive tionship of these genera by placing them fieldwork. Specimens borrowed from 67 within a new subtribe (Plettkeinae), in fact, herbaria (see list in Acknowledgments; his separation of Pycnophyllopsis s.s. and abbreviations follow Thiers, continuously Plettkea was primarily based on the weakly- updated) were examined. In addition, nine perigynous ovary of the former versus the major European herbaria (B, BM, CGE, E, strongly perygynous state among Plettkea FI, K, MA, OXF, and P) were visited for the species. Based on the evaluation of multiple study of historically important collections. characters and their variation among indi- The Weberbauer collection deposited at viduals along with a cladistic analysis of MOL was also examined on three occasions. morphological data, Timana´ (2005) demon- Digital specimen images available on the strated that such separation cannot be Internet were also studied. Field observa- maintained and therefore, these two taxa tions and collecting were carried out in Peru, are here merged. Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile between1998 Pycnophyllopsis Skottsb., Kongl. Svenska and 2013. A set of collections is deposited at Vetenskapsakad. Handl. N. S. 56 (5): the Plant Resources Center (TEX-LL), The 216. 1916. University of Texas, Austin. Duplicate sets were left in the country of collection and TYPE: Pycnophyllopsis muscosa Skottsb. additional sets were distributed to various Plettkea Mattf., Schriften Vereins herbaria. ¼ Naturk. Unterweser, N.F. 7: 13. 1934. TYPE SPECIES, designated here: Plettkea cryptantha TAXONOMIC TREATMENT Mattf. Bisexual or dioecious, perennial, densely Pycnophyllopsis Skottsb. caespitose, hemispheric SHRUBS, 5—30 cm in diameter. STEM woody to sub-woody, 1.5—6 Pycnophyllopsis Skottsb. is composed of mm in diameter, branches 1.8—5 mm thick, eight species of cushion-forming plants herbaceous. LEAVES exstipulate, imbricate, occurring near the highest Andean peaks of rarely tetrastichous or spirally arranged, central Peru, Bolivia, central Chile, and adpressed, scarious; sheath glabrous; blade southern Argentina. The genus is here sessile, incurved or flat, lanceolate to nearly circumscribed in a wider sense than origi- triangular, complanate to cymbiform, base 6 LUNDELLIA DECEMBER, 2017 connate, margin entire, denticulate or cili- (LECTOTYPE, here designated S!); ISOLEC- ate, midvein absent, apex acute, or mucro- TOTYPES: LD!, UPS!). nate, abaxial surface shinny, glabrous, adaxial surface shinny or opaque, glabrous. This is a very peculiar species. It is the INFLORESCENCE terminal, single-flowered; fo- only species that shows a relatively long liose prophylls paired, rarely only one, pedicelate flower — up to 2.5 mm long, subtending the flower; pedicel up to 2.5 compared to all the other species with mm long. FLOWER bisexual or unisexual, pedicels less than 0.5 mm long. Pycnophyl- haplostemonous, tetracyclic, perigynous, lopsis muscosa is also the only species with a sub-periginous or rarely hypogynous, ovate stellate calyx rather than the typical oblong, to obdeltate; receptacular cup present or nearly cylindrical calyx that characterizes all poorly developed, annular, cotyliform or the other species in this genus. infundibuliform; flower disk present or 2. Pycnophyllopsis keraiopetala Mattf., absent. CALYX oblong-cylindrical or stellate. Schriften Vereins Naturk. Unterweser SEPALS 4 or 5, imbricate-decussate, valvate or N.F. 7: 22. 1934. — TYPE: BOLIVIA. La quincuncial, lanceolate to ovate, cymbiform Paz: zwischen Palca und La Paz, an or slightly so, free above the receptacular Felzen, 4800 m, Apr 1908, Pflanz 223 cup, scarious, margin either entire, dentic- (HOLOTYPE: B†). NEOTYPE: BOLIVIA. La ulate, or ciliate, straight to involute, apex Paz: Murillo: Cordillera Real, Chacal- acute, abaxial surface nitid, smooth, or taya, N of Milluni crossing, E of Lake glabrous. PETALS 4 or 5, rarely 3, free, Milluni, 4600 – 4900 m, 168220 S, 688100 alterni-sepalous, translucent, obovate to W, 25 Jan 2000, Timana´ 3804 (NEOTYPE wide obovate, very reduced, membrana- here designated: LPB!; ISONEOTYPES: BM!, ceous, base cuneate or oblong, margin K!, MCSN!, MICH!, LL!, USM!) (Fig. entire, apex deeply bifid to bilobed, gla- 1). brous, staminal disk absent or present, anular. STAMENS (3) 4 or 5, episepalous or Among members of the genus, Pycno- antisepalous, filament base strongly enlarged phyllopsis keraiopetala is the only species or filiform; anthers introrse, dorsifixed; with trimerous petals and stamens, although staminodes
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