THE BULLETIN OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY FREE TO MEMBERS OF AIA

Romania workshop o Swannington winner o Heritage Lottery Fund o Hatfield seminar EMIAC 68 o 20th Century Archives o Cromford picture o wireless history o Farnborough ]\\AIlo4/,? Industrial Archaeology Workshop in Baia Mare, Romania AIA-.rror,,,*,oJ The fourth lnternational Workshop on lndustrial began the next day at Romplumb lead smelte[ Archaeology organised by the Ministry of Culture now processing lead dust from Poland into ingots INDUSTRIAL and Religious Affairs held over five days in the rather than locally-produced minerals; some of autumn of 2004 provided a welcome oppoftunity the technology belongs to 1960s Russia and ARCHAEOLOGY for around 50 participants to explore the some buildings incorporate remains of the 1840s. industrial operations, remains and museums of The company has so far met two out of three NEWS L3.2 the mountainous Maramures province of targets to reduce pollution emissions and they northern Romania whilst sharing varied have secured the investment necessary to meet experiences through informal discussion and the third. Until the 'Big Chimney' was built in llonorary President lectures. The sessions and tours were adeptly co- 1994 lead levels were extremely high and could Prof Angus Euchanan ordinated by lrina lamandescu, a dynamic young induce headaches in visitors. A common theme 13 Hensley Road, Bath BA2 2DR Romania the relative Chairman architect working for the Department for Historic during our few days in is Prof Marilyn Palmer Monuments. labour-intensity of many of the industries. Next School of Archaeological Studiet Ihe Unive$ity, door there are blocks of workers' housing built Leicester LE1 7RH about 50 years ago, on which is painted a female Vice-Chairman Sabina Strachan Mike Bone miner symbolising the Communist ideal of gender Sunnyside, Avon Close, Keynsham, Bristol BS31 2UL equality. We then headed towards the Tiblesului Secretary 8arry Hood Based in Baia Mare, literally'Big Mine', named for Mountains where the director of the National 7 Loch Way, Kemnay, Inverurie, Aberdeenshire AB51 5QZ the availability and extraction of non-ferrous Precious and Non-fenous Metals of Baia Mare Treasurer metals, the conference was formally opened in Company permitted us to visit the Cavnic Mines; Richard Hartree The Stables Cottage, Sibford Fenis, Banbury 0X1 5 5RE the Biblioteca Judeteana on the last day of extraction here was first recorded in 1511. lA Review Editor Seotember 2004. The warm welcome was operation is the largest of its kind in Romania and Dr David Gwyn followed by two papers providing an overview of we toured the dressing plant, an inclined plane Nant y Felin, Llanllyfni Road, Pen y Groes, Caernarfon LL54 5[Y 30 years of TICCIH and the 'Eurocultures' web- and the above-ground parts of one of the shafts. lA News Editor based educational facility focusing on tourism- Currently four out of five shafts are operational- Dr Peter Stanier oriented case studies. The nearby Maramures down-sizing in the post-Ceausescu era has 49 Breach Lane, Shaftesbury Dorset SP7 8LF and caused mines close between 1989 and Aff iliated Societies Off icer County Museum is housed in an arcaded 212 to Prof Ray Riley balconied smooth-rendered building that 2002, and the desire to join the single-currency in 8 Queen's Keep, Clarence Parade Southsea P05 3NX predominantly dates from the 1 770s and 2007 will be matched by the total removal of Conference Secretary (first mayor talked the Tony Parkes functioned as the Mint recorded here in the state support. The local of 60 School Lang Hill Ridware Rugeley WSl 5 3QN fifteenth century) and as the Superior Mining potential for tourism; there are already some Endangered Sites Officer Office, restored and extensively remodelled in defuncUdisused remains but, as in the UK, the Dr Mike Nevell as an attraction University of Manchester Archaeology Unit, University 1979. Naturally the 1,000 or so exhibits in the opportunity for developing such of Manchestel oxford Road, Man€hester M13 9PL new 'History of Mining from Maramures' is often limited. Librarian and Archivist permanent exhibition focus on mining technology The focus of the bus tour shifted to John Powell three do lGML lronbridge, Telford, Shropshire TF8 7DQ with gold and silver furnaces, lamps and tools subsistence economies with visits to Publicity Officer from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. working water mills in villages of the Cosaului Jonathan Briggs Our visits to ooerational industrial sites Valley. All combined a fulling cone (where felting 45 Arrowsmith Drive, Stonehouse GLl 0 zQR Recording Awards Officer Dr Victoria Beauchamp 3 Parsonage Court, Parsonage Crescent, Walkley, Sheffield 55 5BJ Sales Officer Roger Ford Barn Cottage, Bridge Street Bridgnorth Wl5 5AF Council Members Christine Ball Dr Robert Carr (BA Awards) Dr Paul Collins (Partnerships) Tony Crosby (co-opted) David Lyne (Conservation Award) Michael Messenger Dr Mary Mills Dr Miles 0glethorpe (TlCClH) Paul Saulter (E-FAITH) Honorary Vice-Presidents Sir Neil Cossons John Hume Stuart B. Smith Liaison Officer Simon Thomas AIA Office, School of Archaeological 5tudies, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH I 0'l 'l 6 252 5337, Fax: 0l I 6 252 5005 e-mail:AlA@le ac,uk Website: www industrial-archaeology.org uk

COVER PICTURE Romanian Forest Railways 764 steam locomotive emerging from a tunnel in the Maranuresului Mountains (see this page) A fulling mill at the Village Museum in Eucharest Photo: Mike clarke Photo: Mike Clarke

2 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAE)L)GY NEWS 132 Stone ground flour mill and miller, Cosaului Valley A 'whirl' for washing the cloth after fulling in the Cosaului Valley Photo: Mike Clarke Photo: Mike Clarke is achieved by the pounding action of water in a the original was sold to ,a museum despite it are designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. whirlpool), meal grinding and threshing or having been listed. The alternative approach of The hilltop collection of vernacular timber-built distillation powered by the waterwheel or fed by preservation in-situ is favoured by other curators architecture in the open-air Ethnographical a lade (in the case of the fulling cones). Though and the Ministry. An inspirational interlude was Museum of Maramures near Sighet (Sighetul these examples survive there has been significant provided by the 1643 Lower Church of Budesti Marmatiei) is composed of houses, grain stores, decline; 28 working examples were recorded in with its wonderful frescos and unusual corner- wells, fences and the typical gates of the region the valley in 1972 compared with 65 in 1947. One turreted soire. With six other examoles in the acquired and reassembled here in a park-like of the three installations is only two years old as region these 'biserici de lemn'/wooden churches formation in 1971. Surrounding villages are linear in form and burgeoning with large new houses next to their timber predecessors, haystacks and horse-drawn carts. Those of us who anived a day early were treated to a visit to the Bucharest Village Museum, to which the Ministry of Culture relocated in 2003 in a new building. One of the longest days of the conference was arranged to allow for a seven-hour round trip on a Romanian Forest Railways (CFF) 764 steam locomotive from Viseu de Sus along the River Vaser that cuts u0 into the Maramuresului Mountains only 4-5 kilometres from the Ukranian border at Coman, surrounded by ridges and

valleys covered in dense forest. Until 1 930 timber was floated. The construction of the nanow gauge railway commenced two years later. Three steam engines were saved from being scrapped by the 'Help the Vaser Valley Railway' association supported by many railway enthusiasts from abroad and so steam power takes tourists up the valley on weekends but will take loggers home and loaded wagons back down to the processing works relieving the diesel engines. We were able to visit another disused German steam engine on sidings in Sighet that had been built during World War ll. A Swiss company bought the railway in 1re washer at the Cavnic lead mine Photo: Mike Clarke 2000 and manages the processing works. These

INDIJSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 132 3 manager and the creative re-use of a vast gasworks in Amsterdam, 'large scale and extra- large scale' industries of The Urals were discussed where some sites span 2 km (the venue for the 2003 TICCIH conference), and there was also a look at the aesthetic qualities of the industry and development of Venice by a Romanian architect and a sculptor. Some had a European theme in presenting multi-national projects to the audience, while others gave an overview of the Industrial Heritage, challenges and strategies for protection and regeneration in their own countries. A number talked about specific examples relating to interpretation, tourism, museums and the particulars of recording and preserving technology, technological processes and industrial buildings. Most of the papers presented by Romanian delegates also gave specific or regional examples along the lines described. One student, now studying in Belgium, discussed the landscape and natural heritage values of quarries and the potential for tourism; Romanian Forest Railways steam locomotive working a logging train Photo' Mike Clarke all felt that her ideas could have wider applications. However; in Romania, challenges we visited and again there was a large workforce, similar work The plan is that this will also be such as engaging with local communities and some modern facilities but also machines and followed by the development of Tower Place, in industry managers in this struggling economy is working practises that were yet to be updated. which the tower of St Stephen's survives and has marked where priorities do not often focus on the The large timber-built winches that transfer logs its origins in the fifteenth century, and the heritage value of recording and preserving the Irom the wagons into a holding bay are an Haymarket as part of a tourist trail. Problems, archaeological resource. The TICCIH Secretary impressive example of low-tech, honest and such as the balance between monitoring quality Stuart Smith, summed up the conference and effective technology. Communist slogans remain and meeting funding deadlines, are common to lrina lamandescu proposed the establishment of affixed to some of the buildings. many. The second interlude was a visit to the a Romanian Association of Industrial Archaeology The 30 papers on the two main days of Mineralogy Museum where the curator explained aligned with TlCClH. presentations were each accompanied by short the importance and variety of the minerals of the The aim of the series of workshops is to foster visits back from our hotel some 20 minutes into region and there were many elaborate and a wider understanding of the Industrial Heritage Baia Mare. The first was an interesting tour striking displays to delight the eye, of Romania, develop research in this field and around the first ohase of an initiative to Delegates from France, Hungary, Russia, contribute to strategies for the future of a country regenerate the Market Square and three of its England, Scotland, The Netherlands, Catalonia faced with further de-industrialisation. lt is buildings. The project is well under way with 75% and Poland presented a wide range of papers. intended that the papers presented in Bucharest, European funding in the hope of stimulating Exciting contributions came from a Dutch project The Banat, Northern Transylvania and Maramures will be pulled together into a single Romanian/English volume and, though it is early days, the fifth workshop may be in tvvo years time rather than in 2005, with further workshops taking place bi-annually.

These winches for transferring logs from wagons into a holding bay are an inpressive exanple of low-tech, honest and effective technology Photo: Mike Clarke

4 INDUSTRIAL AR.HAE)L)GY NEWS 132 Swannington Heritage Trust and the Hough Mill Project - winners of the 2OO4 AIA Dorothea Award

The Swannington Heritage Trust won the 2004 AIA In November 1877 it was bought at auction by professional capacity as a consultant millwright Dorothea Award for Conseruation for its restoration John Hough, who was steward to Sir George and instructed to prepare the detailed plans and of Hough windmill in Leicestershire. As Chairman of Beaumont at nearby Coleorton Hall. The mill had specifications for the repair, renewal and re- Swannington Heritage Trust, I wish to take this ceased to work in the late nineteenth century and pointing of damaged brickwork internally and oppoftunity to thank the AIA for this award which had been left to decay, so that by the 1940s the externally; insertion of a damp proof membrane we believe recognises not only the Trust for its cap and sails were ruinous and the floors and under a ground floor slab and injection of a dpc work in practical industrial archaeological equipment were badly eroded and unsafe. In the in the walls; provision of doors and windows; conseruation but also as a propagandist and 1960s all that was left was a very badly eroded installation of oak floor beams, joists and stairs interpreter in the field. This afticle describes the brick built tower with a few rotten floor beams and provision of boarding to three upper floors; work and achievements of the Trust. and some vestiges of the cap mechanism. A installation of electric wiring, an alarm system mound of earth sunounded the tower, except at and lightning protection; construction and fixing Denis Baker the two entrances, presumably to enable the of a new boat-shaped cap; and all necessary miller to make adjustments to the sails without external works. ln addition Mr Boucher was asked The Swannington Heritage Trust evolved from an the use of a ladder. Near the mill were the to orovide advice on the installation of the ad hocYillage Group, set up in 1982, to organize remains of a demolished cart house. machinery we had bought and Trust members, a week long festival to celebrate and It was in this state that the Trust ourchased including a professional graphic designer; set commemorate the construction, I50 years before, the mill in 1994 and thereby completed its about producing comprehensive interpretation of the Leicester and Swannington Railway, one of impressive portfolio of village heritage sites. Trust panels for display throughout the mill. the world's earliest railways. For that event the members set about clearing away the dangerous Fund raising events within the village were Festival Group published a Trail booklet, with rubbish from the site and olanned how best to organised and a bid for funding from the Heritage guided walks around the village identifying and preserve and repair the structure and how to fund Lottery Fund was submitted in August 1997. The briefly describing sites considered to be of this. The first priority was to protect the brickwork estimate, for the partial restoration and static particular historical importance. As a result of the from further deterioration and it was clear that the display incorporating the machinery that we had success of the Festival, the group was given the tower would have to be capped as a matter of purchased, came to t93,364. However, the opportunity to purchase on very favourable terms some urgency. Mill expert John Boucher had no Lottery Fund excluded certain works from our bid, two important features, namely the Swannington doubt that the mill had a boat-shaped cap and largely the cost of the purchase and installation Incline and the site of Snibston No.3 Colliery. To that such a cap could be made to be bolted in of the machinery and the Lottery Fund's net make this possible the Swannington Heritage position so that, should it become practical to contribution was reduced to cf71,000. Trust was formed and shortly thereafter carry foruvard any substantial refurbishment in the The contract for the cap was won by the charitable status was obtained. 5ubsequently, the future, the cap could form part of a working mill. specialist firm of millwrights, Dorothea Trust bought the Gorse Field, part of the ancient Nigel Moon, author of the definitive work on Restorations Ltd of Bristol, and the contract for common, which displays landscape evidence of Leicestershire mills, told us of some mill gear for construction works was secured by K.W.Brookes 800 years of coal mining activity, and the site of sale, lying in store in Norfolk, of the type used in Ltd.. who became the main contractors for the Califat Colliery a nineteenth-century coal mine, Hough Mill. lt included two sets of French burr- project. A new access to the Mill had to be made which suffered a flooding disaster in 1863. stones and part of the main shaft and meal floor from the highway, since Mill Lane was unsuitable Windmills have been an important feature of machinery. lt was an opportunity unlikely to be for the heavy traffic needed for the project. Ihe village life and landscape for centuries; our last repeated and the Trust bought it on a speculative route of a gravel-metalled track, through the remaining mill was built at the turn of the basis and transported it into store in Swannington. adjacent Gorse Field, was carefully selected to eighteenth century, close to the boundary John Bouche[ who had been acting as an avoid industrial archaeological landscape features. between Thringstone and Swannington parishes. enthusiastic volunteer, was engaged in his The Heritage Lottery Fund issued their

Swannington windnill in a sorry state in the 1960s. The Casting the new kerb atop the tower of Swannington Mill Photo: Swannington Mill Heritage Trust restored mill is seen on page 20 Photo: Swannington Mill Heritage Trust

INDIJSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 132 5 authorisation to start on 6 April 1999 and work began on site in May. The floor litter was cleared, the mound outside the tower levelled and the old rotten beams removed. Working upwards from the ground floor; damaged bricks were replaced with second-hand bricks and the brickwork was re- pointed inside and out using lime-mortar. The layout of the brick ground floor was traced, the bricks were then set aside for re-use and the earth sub-floor was excavated. A concrete slab, thickened and reinforced in places, was laid and the original bricks were used to relay the floor to pattern. New green oak floor beams were let into pockets in the walls and oak floor joists were dovetailed to the beams. While the mobile crane, used to install the beams, was on site, the heavy mill machinery and stones were lifted onto the appropriate floor for later repositioning by Trust volunteers. Because the tower had tilted slightly over the years and because the upper perimeter was no longer a true circle it was decided to cast a The new cap ready for Swannington Mill Photo: Swannington Mill Heritage Trust reinforced concrete underkerb to carry the cast iron kerb on which the cap would turn in a the opening ceremony on 26 March 2000 in the All. Next, a nearby building was constructed by working mill. Dorothea Restorations had presence of civic dignitaries and members of the volunteers on the footings of the cart house to fabricated the cap in two halves and these were Hough family. Shortly afterwards, Trust members provide disabled toilet facilities and to display transported from Bristol to site on a low loader, were delighted to win the Leicestershire County other asoects of the Trust's activities. The whole where they were joined together to produce the Council's Millennium Heritage Award, our second construction was carried out to a very high finished cap. This was lifted into place in major recognition, for in 1995/6 we had been standard and was opened for the start of the September 1 999. Construction was completed by successful in winning the national Age Resource 2002 season. Here are installed interpretation fitting doors, windows, flooring and ladderways, Award for Environmental Action. panels to explain how Swannington Incline was prior to installation of the lightning conductor. The mill soon began to attract large numbers operated, tell of the Trust's work in preserving The interpretation panels were installed by of visitors to our openings on 5unday afternoons and managing the site, and show what evidence volunteers and illuminated by spot lighting. A and to special openings for heritage groups from survives of mining developments in Swannington collection of old farm implements was also all over the country. We are fortunate in having over 800 years, on the Gorse Field and at Califat displayed and two fine models made by friends of three interesting sites close together so that and Calcutta mine sites. the Trust were put into place. One is a model of a visitors can enjoy the mill, investigate evidence of The Trust continues to imorove the facilities post mill and the other a model of Hough Mill, as mediaeval coal mining on the Gorse Field and to enhance the visitor exoerience. Mains it would have appeared when working. These examine the layout of the Califat Colliery beam electricity has been connected and in autumn have proved to be a great asset. Our volunteer pumping-engine, which was meticulously 2003 our volunteer team installed a dust floor, heavy-gang assembled the mill equipment and recorded by the Leicestershire Industrial using locally sourced oak for the beams and installed the two pairs of French mill stones, one Archaeological Society, joists. This floor enables visitors to ascend right to fitted with a tun, horse and hopper made by a ln the winter of 200112 a modern sound the cap. We recently obtained a large flour- local craftsman, A nesting box was placed on the system was installed, delivering a separate dressing machine from a demolished local water outside of the building to provide continuity of commentary for each floor spoken over the mill and we are currently refurbishing it to residence for kestrels, which had nested in the appropriate sounds of a working windmill. This working order. mill for the previous 15 years. was funded by grants from Leicestershire County Finally, in order to widen the visitor attraction 0ur constituency MP, David Taylor, performed Council Museums Service and from Awards for of its three adjacent sites, the Trust has designed and built a full size replica of a horse gin and headstocks, on a site on the Gorse Field, where evidence suggests that such a machine operated in the early nineteenth century. Again, the gin was been constructed in local green oak with metalwork made by a local engineering company. The total cost of the project has been met, with generous support from The Helen Jean Cope Trust, the Leicester Area National Union of Mineworkers and Leicestershire County Council. lt was officially unveiled on 3 April 2004 by the Secretary of the Leicester Area NUM. The whole Hough windmill project attracts many visits from community groups, mill groups and oarties of school children. Our visitors' book is filled with highly complimentary comments about the whole experience, for which we make no charge. Interested bodies may see what we offer on our website: www.swannington- heritage.co.uk. We welcome visits from groups by Constructing a horse gin and headstocks on the Gorse Field is another paft ofthe Swannington Trust's work Photo: Swannington Mill Heritage Trust arrangemenl.

6 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 132 The Heritage Lottery Fund's contribution to Industrial Heritage

The Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) distributes the money raised by the National Loxery to heritage good causes. Since 1995 HLf has awarded over

f3 billion to more than | 5,000 projects across the whole of the UK. HLF, uniquely, has a very broad definition of heritage covering historic buildings, natural landscape, bio-divercity, public parks, archives, collections in museums and galleries, and oral history, as well as industrial, maritime and transport heritage. This article presents an overview of the significant impact of HLF funding on the UK's industrial heritage; almost f458n since it was established. The author acknowledges the help of Kate Clark and Gill Sternbach in conpiling this article.

Tony Crosby

2004/5 marks the tenth anniversary of the National Lottery and the HLF, providing an appropriate point at which to review its contribution to the conservation of the UK's industrial heritage. HLF has invested almost f458 million in a wide range of projects - 732 in total - which has been the single major factor in the conservation of our industrial heritage over the last ten years. This is a testament to the importance of the UK's industrial past and also to the thousands of volunteers who consistently Saftburn Pier was repaired with money from the Heritage Loftery fund turn out to support the repair, conservation and Photo. Redcar & Cleveland Borouqh Council/HLF operation of industrial sites and artefacts. Conserving our industrial heritage is challenging: industrial remains can be expensive Maybe lesser known, but often locally uniquely designed as a whole building with to repair, and even specialists are divided over important projects include the restoration of workshops) which was threatened by the whether locomotives, ships and aircraft should be Tower Curing Works, a hening curing works in Channel Tunnel Rail Link (f587k); the acquisition preserved intact or returned to full operation. Great Yarmouth (f2.6m) now a museum; the of a Westland Wessex helicooter for the Archives may be scattered, assets lack covered or restoration of the Carrickfergus Gasworks Helicopter Museum (f90k); and the repair of the secure accommodation and many industrial sites (f740k), one of only three coal gasworks Leasowe Lighthouse on the Wirral in Cheshire to and transport collections are run by volunteer surviving in the UK, as a volunteer-run visitor make it accessible for the public (f 50k). groups who find it difficult to sustain them. lt is attraction; the moving of the St. Pancras Coal mining has left its mark on the also a heritage under threat: the AIA estimates Waterpoint (a steam locomotive watering point landscapes and communities of the UK. ln that about 40% of significant industrial sites and buildings were lost in Greater Manchester between 1 982 and 2000. Where to target the HLF funds which are in great demand has been and will continue to be a major challenge, to which we will return. HLF has funded projects at many of the major; iconic sites and monuments associated with our industrial past. These include the return to full working order of the Anderton Boat Lift (f3.3m) re-establishing the navigation link between the Trent & Mersey Canal and the Weaver Navigation. Conservation of the SS Great Britain (f8,8m), the world's first iron hulled, screw-propeller driven, steam-powered passenger liner, and the first phase of work at the Waltham Abbey Royal Gunpowder Works (f6.5m) are both HLF funded projects. On a smaller scale are the repair of Saltburn Pier (f 1.2m), the provision of a new Half-way Station for the Great Orme Tramway (f961k), the conservation of Cheddleton Flint Mill (fl60k), and the repair and interpretation of Bersham Colliery's headgear, Wrexham (f61.4K). Carrickfurg us G asworks resto rati on Photo HLF

INDIJSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 132 7 partnership with the Coalfields Community Campaign and the Coal Industry Social Welfare 0rganisation, HLF has made a number awards in coalfield areas. For example Cresswell Model Village built by the Bolsover Colliery Company in 1900 for the miners' families was on the point of demolition following closure of the mine in the 1990s. A Townscape Heritage Initiative award of f 1 .4m has allowed the restoration of 100 homes as part of the regeneration of the village. All three national mining museums in Scotland, Wales and England have had awards, as have other mining projects such as the former Llanberis Slate quanies, the Snailbeach lead mines in Shropshire and GeevorTin mines in Cornwall. Transport heritage is a vital part of our industrial heritage. As well as the acquisition of such locomotives as the 'Flying Scotsman' (fl.8m) and the many restorations such as that to 'Sir Nigel Gresley' (f294k), HLF has funded projects at the National Motor Museum, National Tram Museum and also the acquisition of a collection of classic buses for the Keighley Bus Museum Trust (f 20,500). All the World Heritage Sites in the UK associated with our industrial nast have received awards from HLF - lronbridge Gorge, Maritime Greenwich, Blaenavon, Saltaire, Denarent Valley Mills, New Lanark and Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City. Access and learning are as important to HLF as conservation and we ask applicants to think about how they will ensure that all people can learn about, have access to and enjoy their heritage. The repair of Moulton Windmill in Lincolnshire (f702.5k) involved the installation of a lift in the granary to provide access for disabled people to the lower parts of the mill, while access to the upper parts for has been provided by a video presentation. An award of f75k has helped The Adans lace warehouse building in Nottingham was restored with HLF funding and is now New College Photo: Ray Main/HLF the museum at Sandford Mill Engine House, Chelmsford (the former waterworks) to provide heritage based science education using the Adaptive re-use need not be on such a grand demonstrate the value and benefit of caring for museum's collections, including those associated scale as in the above examoles. At Coaloort in the the industrial heritage and ensure that the vast with Marconi. lronbridge Gorge the John Rose building at the knowledge base on this subject is used to inform Not all industrial sites become museums. former china manufactory is now a youth hostel decisions about future investment in the sector. lndustrial buildings are often exciting and flexible (fl .06m). At Great Dunmow in Essex, the Boyes spaces which provide opportunities for Croft Maltings has been restored and developed innovative, adaptive re-use and lie at the heart of for use by the community for meetings, leisure and educational activities (f 578k). Fieldwork & major urban regeneration schemes. In the Lace Market area of Nottingham, for example, the Last year two HLF-funded projects received Adams lace warehouse building (f7.75m) has industrial heritage awards at the AIA Annual Recording been restored and is now New College Conference. The Dorothea Award for Nottingham and the centre of the regeneration of Conservation was won by Hough Mill, that part of the city. In the Ancoats area of Swannington (f71k) and the University of Awards Manchester - often described as the world's first Manchester Archaeology Unit won a Fieldwork industrial suburb - the Ancoats Building and Recording Award for their archaeological Preservation Trust is repairing the Grade ll" listed work on the Park Bridge lron Works, part of the The closing date for (f7.1m) a project 'Park Bridge: An Industrial Hamlet' Murray Mills complex as the heart of 1st 2005 wider regeneration project. Stanley Mills (f7m) (f258k). entries is March just north of Perth fell into familiar dereliction The heritage share of money for good causes following their closure in 1989 but now provide is guaranteed only up to 2009, and the decision Further details from: houses and flats for local people. The restoration on allocation of lottery money will soon be Fieldwork and Recording Awards, of the Kennet and Avon Canal (f25m) has not reviewed. In this context it will be increasingly AIA Liaison Officer, only brought this waterway back into use by important to be clear about not only the benefits boaters, walkers, anglers etc., but has also had of existing investment in a dedicated funding School of Archaeological Studies, major economic benefits for the communities stream for heritage but what still remains to be The Universitv. Leicester LEl 7RH along its length. done in the future. lt is up to all of us to

8 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 132 Recent Research and Thinking in Industrial Archaeology: the Hatfield Seminar

The pre-AlA Conference seminar was held at the architectural merit but on the other hand large quanies near Maastricht which contain 500 miles de Havilland Canpus of the Ilniversity of subterranean remains should survive long after of galleries. Pillar & stall working has been the Hertfordshire during the day of Friday l3 the current new buildings have been demolished. norm but little stone is currently extracted. September 2004. The wide-ranging proceedings As appropriate for the de Havilland Campus, Quarries are now maintained for the public are reported here in brief. located on a former aircraft-manufacturing site, benefit and opened for recreational use. the day started with aviation topics. Aviation Following tea Roger Holden (MRIAS) brought Robert Carr historian John King outlining the re-use of historic to our attention the plight of Nelson, a cotton aviation structures worldwide. that is terminal weaving town once the fourth largest in Demolition is seldom complete and almost never buildings, control towers, hangars and so on. This Lancashire, where now only three mill chimneys more thorough than strictly necessary. Even if an interesting topic deserves to be brought more remain and severe economic decline presents industrial archaeological site has been 'cleared', fully to the attention of mainstream industrial very major problems regarding the survival of this below ground remains are likely to survive and archaeology. The aviation theme was repeated by classic industrial townscape, (see also lA News this was made very clear in the case of Woolwich David Keen, Royal Air Force Museum, Hendon, |30, pages 14-16). Bernard Champness (MRIAS) Arsenal. From the nineteenth century outlines of describing the thorough refurbishment of the shed considerable new light on the between-the- walls, engine beds, casting floors, quenching pits Grahame-White factory there which was later wars activities of Henry Ford, or rather his and steam hammer bases have been found in visited during the Conference additional minions, in the removal of the atmospheric abundance during recent archaeological programme. pumping engine Fairbottom Bobs to Dearborn excavation. In addition the Royal Arsenal often After lunch Paul Sowan (Subterranea USA. Eernard made it clear that the engine there just buried its 'rubbish' and a rich accumulation Britannica) gave us his considered opinion on the was considerably altered, with newly of outdated military hardware spanning two use of the terms 'mine' and'quarry' in an account manufactured parts being incorporated in its re- centuries has been unearthed providing a of underground chalk mines and quarries in the erection in the Henry Ford Museum. The original splendid supply of artefacts for study by military South East. Henry Gunston and Adrian Bayliss site near Manchester has been excavated by soecia I ists. (Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Wallingford) MRIAS and the background history this side of Mark Stevenson of English Heritage with continued the geological theme with 'Water from the Atlantic was outlined. David Score (0xford Archaeology) and Chris Wendover Springs'. Water supply data for the The day was brought to a rousing conclusion Mayo (Pre-Construct Archaeology) gave an Grand Junction Canal spanning two hundred by Adriaan Linters (VVIA, C0NSERVARE, etc) who excellent joint report on recent work at the years provide a detailed picture of climate change gave a substantial overview of industrial Arsenal. much of which was new to the audience. and here science emerged. However evidence for archaeology, conservation and its problems in At Woolwich archaeologists and developers are or against global warming is far from conclusive Belgium. Unlike the UK, where we have grades of working together on the redevelopment of an as past weather has been surprisingly variable, listing a site or building, in Belgium it is either extensive site with recent archaeological including a great drought c.1883-1903. A protected or it is not. Large sites such as power knowledge being used to decide on the scientific paper is to be published. stations, coke works, oil refineries and several positioning of services and foundation piles, etc. The geological part of the day was rounded largely intact (on the surface) coalmines present Generally at Woolwich the survival of above off by Joep 0rbons from the Netherlands formidable problems and a number of these are ground archaeology will be limited to buildings of describing the 450 odd underground limestone protected. Also a very large number of small industrial workshops and premises are protected plus really numerous smaller items which range from hand tools to steam engines. Not nearly enough money is ever likely to be available to retain all this. It was a full day and lack of space prohibits more than the above outline sketch. Readers requiring further information are invited to send an e-mail to [email protected] for abstracts. etc,

VISIT THE AIA WEBSITE www. industrial-archaeology. org.uk Our website contains information on the Association for Industrial Archaeology, including Membership, Abstracts of Industrial Archaeology Review, (ionl-erenceli, Afliliatcd S|'cieties and Sales. The Diary gives notice of er.ents, day-schools and conf'crences, often in more detail than can be published Industrial Archaeology News. Links give access to other societies, museums and organisations in the world of industrial fhe refurbished Grahame-White factorv at the RAF Museun. Hendon archaeology. Photo: Steve Dewhirst

INDIJSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 132 9 AIA NEWS

General Report of the series of lectures as well as a field former is the journal of the AIA and surrounding the preservation of visit to the Coalbrookdale and provides a forum for a wide range of twentieth century company archives. Council of Management Coalport Canal branches and the specialist interests in industrial The Association continues to for the year ending Wrockwardine Wood inclined plane archaeology, while the latter is the support the British Archaeological 31 December 2004 of the Shropshire Canal. In addition, bulletin and main communication Awards (which are awarded every of the AIA had a most organ of the AlA. two years) and at Belfast, in October Normally the Council consists of 45 members and enjoyable tour of main Fieldwork and 2004, the AIA Award for the best four elected officers and nine interesting The Catalonia, 5pain, between 19-24 Recording Award in 2004 went to example of the adaptive re-use of a elected members, but one vacancy Aoril. This was documented in Nevell and John Roberts building or structure went to the was unfilled at the AGM so for the well Mike 2004. (University of Manchester) for their Eagle Workshops and Exchange rest of the year there were four lA News /J0 of Autumn Moreover partnership extensive survey of the Park Bridge Buildings, High Street West, officers and eight elected members. the AlA, in the lronworks. The Initiative Award was Sunderland, restored by the North ln 2004 the Council met twice orior with English Heritage and very presented as a Life time achieve- East Civic Trust. The runners-up to the AGM, and one further time for National Trust organised a successful forum on 25-26 June at ment award to Stanley Challenger award went to D shed Cardiff which a weekend of meetings after the on: Graham for The Lancashire Textile received Certificate of AGM. Additionally, Council as usual Nottingham University a 'Understanding the Workplace'. The Project and the Student Award went Commendation. had an Extraordinary meeting orovide research Thomas S. Crawshaw for An It has been an eventful year and shortly before the AGM to receive aim was to a to the we are most grateful to all officers any nominations and deal with context for work in the historic Archaeological Consideration of environment statutory heritage Condition and Heritage of the Burial and members of Councilfor the time other AGM business. Simon Thomas, by spaces Manchester from the late effort they put in our part-time paid Liaison 0fficer, organisations and archaeological of and that Attendance was 18th century. voluntarily to ensure the smooth continues to handle all membership units in Britain. 45 The AIA Dorothea Conservation running of the Association. matters as well as supporting other limited by invitation to professionals working in the subject Swannington Earry Hood, Honorary Secretary officers, dealing with queries and Award went to packed programme restoration of forwarding information about area. lt was a Heritage Trust for the participation by the Hough Mill site. The Trust took threatened sites to an appropriate with enthusiastic AIA and the 2004 speakers and delegates. The papers over the responsibility for the Grade local representative. British Archaeological North The year ended on a sad note and conclusions will be oublished in ll listed building from the Review West Leicester District Council who Awards with the death of Peter Neaverson lndustrial Archaeological during 2005. had acquired on compulsory The biennial BAAs are Britain's most after a short illness. Peter was an it The 2004 Conference and AGM purchase. This enabled the Trust to prestigious archaeological awards elected member and for many years portfolio adjacent and in 2004, for the first time in had been a staunch member of held on 13-15 August at the widen its of Hertfordshire was well which included the years history, the Council and was responsible for the University of heritage sites, their 28 Swannington presentations place in AIA Abstracts. the book editor supported with over 100 Association Califat Colliery the took members. The seminar again Incline and an early Bell Pit coal- Northern lreland. The Ceremony was reviews and the Publications Award initial attracted good support some getting area, on which they have held in the attractive Elmwood Hall, co-ordination. He did much more with now erected a replica horse gin. Ihe close to University Belfast, than this, however, and we will excellent contributions on the Queen's 'Cunent was collected ay the Hatfield Friday October. was a greatly miss his presence and work theme of Research and award on 8 lt Smith, Conference by their Chairman, Denis delightful sunny day, Belfast people in the Association. Thinking in lA. Dr Denis gave Rolt Baker, trust member, are exceptionally friendly and the During 2004, the Association Chairman of GLIAS, the and another entitled The Swannington uoshot was most memorable continued to work with Heritage Memorial Lecture Martin Bird. a 'Landscaoe project described more on industrial Link and council members have with writers: is fully event. From an industrial pages 5-6. archaeological point of view Belfast attended its meetings. Moreover the Engineering and the In has lost much and the impression Association has sent a letter of landscape in English literature'. gained widespread support for a Heritage Link initiative addition, educational field visits had was one of recent redevelopment. The banks of entitled: 'Creating Sustainable been ananged over the four days wide the River Lagan are beginning to Communities'. ln June the after the AGM and covered a range sites, including Waltham resemble London's Thameside and Association made a comprehensive of at resoonse to a National Monuments Abbey Royal Gunpowder Mills, shipbuilding finally finished Frogmore paper mills, Harland & Wolff's in March 2003. Record consultation paper and we and Apsley Gerry McCormac, Pro- will be monitoring subsequent Ware Maltings and the New River Professor Vice-Chancellor, University progress. In addition, there was and Bletchley Park. The President's Queen's Award, for the site visited which of Belfast, presented the Awards. 0f concern at English Heritage's best interpreted the industrial past particular industrial archaeological intention to replace the MPP lay Great Carrickfergus gasworks (Monuments Protection Programme) to the visitot went to the interest Preservation museum 'Flame' received a Pitt- with SHIER5 (Strategy for the Dunmow Maltings Rivers runners-up award (see photo Historic Industrial Environment Trust. The Initiative Award, for a group project page lreland's sole Reports) and at the potential loss of with a worthwhile on 7). lt is surviving coal gasworks and is only sites. The Association deserving support, went to the several listed (left) Denis Baker and Maftin Bird with the one of three left in the British lsles. has written to English Heritage for Paoer Mills Trail with sites at 2004 AIA Dorothea Award opened 1855 and produced clarification on these issues and will Frogmore Mill and Apsley Mill at It in Hemostead. was town gas until 1967, finally closing be maintaining contact. Hemel The Publications Award presented 1 Carrickfergus boasts The educational role of the To encourage high standards in to Glenys Crocker for in 987. all aspects of the study of industrial editing the lndustrial History of the Europe's largest surviving set of Association continued, with a retorts. working weekend held in lronbridge archaeology, the Association Borough of Waverly. The new horizontal coal-fired issues Student Essay Award was awarded For our own AIA Award, the on 3-4 April 2004 on Inland oublished two ol lndustrial and issues her runners-up award went D shed, Waterways which attracted a full Archaeology Review four to Tegwen Roberts for to which received a Certificate house. There was an interestinq of lndustrial Archaeology News lhe investioation into the issues Cardiff,

10 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 132 AIA NEWS

an exhibition and conference centre with a caf6-bar on the ground floor and a brasserie in the converted basement. Nearby is new University of 5underland postgraduate accommodation and an office development. Eagle Workshops and the Exchange Buildings are key elements in the welcome new regeneration of the locality. Robert Can Railway Structures at the lronbridge Weekend The contribution of the railway to the process of industrialisation is recognized as substantial, even if it is not always appreciated how substantial. Railway construction, for instance, gave rise to a huge increase in the demand for bricks, while the reduction in transport

The restored Eagle Warehouse, Sunderland, the winner of the AIA Award Photo: North of England Civic Trust, @ lan Dobson costs enabled the shift of dairying from the vicinity of towns to the of Commendation. A nineteenth- situated on one of the earliest rediscovered in a garden in Jersey. wetter western parts of Britain. Fish century listed single-storey dock developed sites in Sunderland. The The one-time public house is set for from Grimsby and Hull resulted in transit shed with an interesting present building dates from 1860 another useful phase of existence that essential element in the British structure involving cruciform cast- and was the Eagle Tavern. From the and now provides 18 starter units landscape, the fish and chip shop. iron columns, the building was early 1900s it was occupied by for small creative local businesses. Railways made a major carefully dismantled to make way Fairgrieves, precision plastic Two doors away from Eagle contribution to urbanization by for the new Wales Millennium moulders. Bakelite was first Workshops are the Exchange bringing food from distant farms Centre in 1999. D shed was moved a moulded here some time during the Buildings of 1 81 2-14 by architect and consumer goods from distant few hundred yards, re-erected and First World War. This was something William Stokoe of Newcastle. They factories, and by making it possible extended to form a craft studio, of an industrial first and certainly a are of grand design and were for people to travel longer distances exhibition and retail area - the home very early example of Bakelite intended as the hub of social and to work. Yet, despite all this, the of Craft on the Bay, the centre for production because this first truly business life in Sunderland. 0riginally railway is popularly associated with the Makers Guild in Wales.The work synthetic plastic was only invented there was a covered market, meeting locomotives, which, though was overseen by Noel Architects. in 1909, by Leo Baekeland a Belgian and reading rooms, post office and interesting, are only one aspect of a The winner of the AIA Award chemist living in New York. brokers' offices. They became sophisticated system, one which was the Eagle Workshops and Fairgrieves the plastic moulders Sunderland's first town hall in 1836. was and is constantly changing. Exchange Buildings, High Street moved out of the Eagle Workshops Later the Exchange was used as a Trackworks, wagons, carriages, West, Sunderland, whose in 1999 and the building was seamen's mission and it finally stations, tunnels, bridges, level restoration under the auspices of acquired by the North East Civic became vacant in the 1960s as the crossings, warehouses, signal boxes the North East Civic Trust has Trust. lt has since been restored and area fell into serious decline. Now and signalling systems, workshops, contributed significantly to the surmounted by a new wooden Eagle restored, the Exchange Buildings are engine and carriage sheds, and even renaissance of 5underland's carefully carved to resemble the once again the centrepiece of the Old railway hotels were all essential riverside. Eagle Workshops are Victorian original. This was Sunderland area. 0n the first floor is components of the railway.

The original eagle, when it was taken down for safety fron the top of the warehouse in the A new eagle was carved by a Durhan sculptor for the warehouse and is seen here with civic 1920s. lt is accompanied by staff of Fairgrieve Bros ltd dignitaries and staff fron the Trust and contractors Photo: Notth of Enoland Civic Trust Photo: North of Enoland Civic Trust

INDIJSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 132 11 AIA NEWS

It is with this broad canvas in Leicester Industrial History Society, the lndustrial Heritage in I 995 and the 1960s and became founder mind that this conference is devoted taking over the Editorship of its From lndustrial Revolution to members of the Bristol lndustrial to railway structures to allow the Bulletin in 1983, something he Consumer Revolution: Transactions Archaeological Society. Roy went on airing of areas often crowded out by continued for the next 20 years. He of the Millenniun Congress of the to serve as BIAS Treasurer and the locomotive lobby. Speakers will was an active member of the Society, lnternational Committee for the Chairman in due course. cover a wide range of topics, taking part in fieldwork on lead Conservation of the lndustrial However, it will be for his including railways in the landscape, mines in Cardiganshire and tin mines Heritage in 2001. Peter also involvement with society hydraulic power, signalling, early in Cornwall during the 1980s and oublished several articles on publications that Roy, who worked railway track, Scottish railway 1990s as well as in Leicestershire Leicestershire industrial history, in the printing industry will be best construction, the architect George and publishing the results. notably a study of the history of remembered. The BIAS lournal Landmann and railway warehouses. He became a member of the electricity generation in became one of the most highly Members' contributions should Association for lndustrial Leicestershire for Transactions of the regarded lA journals in the country broaden the scope still further, while Archaeology and joined me as Joint Leicestershire Archaeological and during the 1 970s as a result of Roy's there will also be a visit to the Editor of lndustrial Archaeology Historical Society. Mosl recently, he design and technical skills, and Roy Telford Horsehay Steam Railway. Review in 1984. We oversaw the completed a complex bibliography continued to be closely associated The weekend is 2-3 April 2005 transfer of the journal from Oxford for a collection of papers published with it until the advent of new and a booking form is included with University Press first to a Leicester by the Council for British technology in the mid-1980s. He this mailing. printer, AB Printers, and then to Archaeology, The Vernacular performed similar services for the Ray Riley Maney in 1999. Peter always took Workshop: fron Craft to lndustry Historical Metallurgy 5ociety, Affi I i ated Soc i eti es )ffi cer the major role in copy editing of 1400-1900. We were working becoming Designer and Honorary articles and assembling book together on a book on The Textile Production Editor of thei Bulletin OBITUARIES reviews, and had an eagle eye for lndustry of South-west England: a from 1972, and then graduating to any errors. When we handed over Social Archaeology, and even when become Honorary Editor of the Peter Neaverson the Reviewto David Gwyn in 2000, he became very ill Peter continued to widely-acclaimed HMS Journal into Peter Neaverson sadly died from Peter continued to spend many deal with the illustrations and the the 1990s. lt is no exaggeration to cancer aged 75 on 22 December hours in Leicester University Library index for this. I am very pleased that say that the professional look of the 2004. His passing leaves a abstracting articles for the Review we were able to send it to the AIA Bulletin, which Roy was also considerable gap in British industrial from a large number of journals as publishers, Tempus, the week before responsible for producing during the archaeology, in which he has been well as continuing to assemble the he died and he was aware it would late 1970s and early 1980s, did actively involved for over 25 years. book reviews. He also organised the be published during 2005. much to establish the reputation of He was educated at Alderman new Publications Award and his Peter was a member of many this Association and attract many of Newton's Grammar School in many roles in AIA are going to be organisations, including The the members which it still has today. Leicester and gained a first class very difficult to fill. Newcomen Society, the Peak District In addition, Roy made honours degree in Physics at the We began writing together at Mines Historical Society and the contributions to these publications University of Nottingham. After the time we ran the AIA Conference Railway and Canal Historical which should not be overlooked. His working in engineering and at Loughborough University in I 986. Society. He was an Honorary Visiting interests were wide and varied. and electronics in Newcastle and Luton, We developed the usual Conference Fellow first in the Department of he wrote articles for the BIAS he returned to Leicester to work in Guide into a book published by History and then in the School of Journal on the History of Typefaces, the family motor trade business. He Phillimore in 1992. lndustrial Archaeology and Ancient History in the Feno-Concrete Industry and the continued to study with the Open Landscapes of the East Midlands. ln the University of Leicester. lt is, History of the Picture-Palace. His University, taking modules in the 1996, we published lndustry in the howeve; as a member of AIA that researches into the Wiltshire lron History of Science and in Geology, Landscape, 1700-1900 in the he will be most remembered for his Industry with Keith Gale, remain the before devoting much of his Routledge History of the British many contributions as an editor and standard source on the subject and retirement to the furtherance of Landscape series and in 1 998, again a Council member. Annual were written uo in both the BIAS industrial archaeology. He became with Routledge, lndustrial Conferences will not seem the same and HMS journals. interested in this at a Summer Archaeology: Principles and Practice. without the quiet way in which he Roy was a self-confessed School which I taught at We also edited several collections of carried out small tasks which 'chatterbox', and conversations with Loughborough University and joined papers together, including Managing needed to be done in the lecture him were often long, and would go theatre or committee room. Peter off at many tangents, but were was never one for the limelight and never dulll Above all, of course, he I shall sadly miss the support he has remained a constant source of help given me in so many ways over the and support to his wife Joan. last 25 years. Without him, she could not have Marilyn Palmer undertaken her valuable research into the Bristol brass industry nor Roy Day the practical conservation work at Longstanding members of the Saltford. He was a key figure in the Association, particularly Council preparation of the AIA Conference Members from the early years, will be in Bath in 1987, and its saddened to learn of the death, in accompanying gazetteer, and was October 2004, of Roy Day. A an ever-oresent assistant and 'Brummie' - and very proud of it - projectionist at the evening classes Roy and his wife Joan spent their early arranged by Joan over such a long years following outdoor pursuits, period, and it is to her that we particularly cycling, but like so many extend our sincere condolences. Roy others, were attracted to the 'new' will be sadly missed. Peter Neaverson teaching plane table surveying to leicester University students subject of industrial archaeology in lohn Powell

12 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAE)L)GY NEWS 132 NEWS

Twentieth-century those from the last hundred years will automatically have been company archives replicated elsewhere. Company f500 Reward The AlAs new student essay award archives are often characterised by was awarded in August 2004 to large numbers of blueprints and The AIA, conjunction with Tegwen Roberts for her technical drawings, which are not in Dorothea Restorations Ltd, offer investigation into the issues only bulky and notoriously difficult an annual award of f,500 and a sunounding the preservation of to store, but are also difficult to handsome Plaque to the project twentieth century company interpret, and therefore assess, considered the best of that years archives. The following is an extract without specialist technical entrres. from her essay. knowledge. In the past many Company archives are the archives have therefore been To be eligible for entry projects must be concerned primarily internal records made. and often unwilling to burden themselves with with the conservation of a site or object of industrial' kept by companies as part of their such collections, which are often agricultural or domestic archaeological interest. daily and administrative life. They presumed to contain nothing of Initial expression of intent to submit a detailed application is are an important source of unique historical value. achieved by completion of a simple which can be information about the industrial and These assumptions are not Questionnaire, obtained from the award co-ordinator, David Lyne, l0 Somerville post-industrial periods, and such necessarily justified however, as Road, Leicester, LE3 2ET, Phonelfax 0116 29 79 706. e-mail collections often contain important demonstrated by a case study from [email protected], who will also ensure that you receive a and unique documentary evidence. Derbyshire in which the company full copy of the rules and award information. However, these collections are also archive of one of the largest particularly vulnerable within the twentieth century glass Entry for an Award is made by completing the questionnaire, current framework of archive manufacturers in Britain (the former followed by a detailed submission at a time decided by yourselves. preservation, something that is Dema lnternational) was discovered Applications received before the end of April 2005 should be in especially true of archives relating on-site during an archaeological time to be considered for the award for that year. Applications to companies originating in the survey. This archive was shown to received after this date may have to be deferred until the following more recent industrial past. There contain unique documentary year. are a number of reasons for this, information of both regional and The winner will be notified by 31 July, in time to arange for mostly concerning the nature of the national significance, but was in a representation at the AIA conference in August or September, at material within such collections, the severe state of decay, and is which two places, one of which is complimentary, will be reserved, context in which company archives currently still at risk of destruction. for the presentation. are usually held, traditional This case study highlights some of attitudes towards industrial records, the problems with traditional and general assumptions about the assumptions and general attitudes DO NOT DELAY. ENTER TODAY! automatic documentation of the towards twentieth century company industrial past (and the more recent archives. industrial past in particular). The traditional situation has Company records are usually begun to change. There are cunent held outside of public repositories Trevithick Trust - the has are risk. This, against a collected by the company that moves within the heritage sector to at end created them for various promote a more informed public background of traditional The Trevithick Trust ceased trading administrative and legislative understanding of stewardship issues generalisations and misconceptions on 31 October 2004 after essential reasons, and there has been a in relation to archive collection and about the recent industrial past, funding from local Cornish traditional assumption within many preservation, and there is an means that twentieth century authorities was withdrawn. Since it industries that these administrative increasing acceptance that company archives are still a very was established in 1992 to promote records, particularly those of a industrial records are potentially real conservation issue that needs to industrial sites in Cornwall, the relatively recent date, have no important regardless of their age or be more actively addressed. Trevithick Trust was involved in the external, or historical value. lt has derivation. However, as shown at Within the recent climate of reopening of the Geevor Tin Mine therefore often been the case that, Dema, this has not yet resulted in change, although we have accepted Museum, the rescue of Tolgus Tin (a as companies have declined and the pro-active interest that it may be that company archives are tin streamworks near Redruth), the ceased to exist, their archives have suggested is needed to ensure the important, we haven't really begun of Levant Mine, Wheal been dispersed and destroyed preservation of an important, but to consider why. We haven't thought management China Clay Museum (5t without the local record office even still generally overlooked part of our about the nature of these Martyn Austell), Trevithick Cottage, 5t Day being aware of their existence. industrial heritage. For instance, collections and the unusual new King Edward There has also tradltionally there are currently no specific conditions in which they are often church and the been a general reluctance on the guidelines on the collection and kept. There are currently a number Mine Museum near Camborne. The oart of archivists and record offices placing of company archives when of important issues sunounding the Trust was also involved in Cornish to collect company archives. The they are discovered in a context preservation of twentieth century imorovements at the industrial past is characterised by such as the one at Dema. company archives, and until we start Engines and Discovery Centre at the amount of available Preservation of company archives is thinking in a more defined and Pool. Not all sites were related to mining, for the Trust was also active documentary evidence, from a still largely discretionary, and integrated way about archives that variety of sources both primary and heavily reliant on the good will of fall outside the traditional in the management of the Lizard secondary, and it seems that the owner. or another interested framework, collections of this and Pendeen Lighthouses and two archaeologists, archivists and party. There is also no current nature will continue to face threats communications sites: Marconi's (reported historians alike have often assumed register of where company archives of damage and destruction. Llzard Wireless Station that much of the information in are held, or any way of record Tegwen Robefts elsewhere) and the Porthcurno documentary sources, particularly offices monitoring where archives Museum of Submarine Telegraphy.

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 132 13 NEWS

At oresent all the sites are to across the Atlantic, his 'great the century-old wooden hut that The unknown watercolour artist remain open but concerns have been experiment'. In August he travelled started life as a railway waiting depicts Sir Richard Arkwright's first voiced for the long term future of to Cornwall and stayed at the room survives to this day and Cromford Mill and the adjoining Cornwall's industrial heritage. The Housel Bay Hotel in the Lizard indeed it looks as was in the early buildings. The woman in the Trust did much to promote these village. He realised that if he put his 1900s, complete with spark foreground is carrying a tray of food sites but after what has happened to apparatus on board ships then he transmitter and coherer receiver. on her head and walking towards the funding, does the political will would need a coast station in a The work and achievements of a the mill. lt is known that members exist to ensure the sites are location where ships first sighted young 25-year-old inventor are of the mill workers families took protected in the future? Although the shore to receive the signals. He encapsulated in this unique wooden food to the mill at lunchtime and it there is a tourist ootential for also realised that messages would hut, which has now been preserved is likely that this is what the picture industrial archaeology in Cornwall, it have to be relayed to London and in perpetuity as a Listed building. illustrates. remains a niche market and back to obtain orders for the shios. perhaps it is small and unimposing The Cromford Mills and unfortunately has to compete with The 1872 Lloyds Signal Station, on the outside but the interior is full Cromford Village are part of the beaches and other attractions. This conveniently, had a private of atmosphere and a tribute to Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage was clearly illustrated by low visitor telegraph line to London. Marconi Guglielmo Marconi. As reported in Site. The Mills are in the orocess of numbers recorded at Trevithick Trust therefore selected a site near the lA News 130, lhis has now been restoration by the Arkwright Society. sites during the hot summer of 2003, hotel and adjacent to the signal Listed by English Heritage who on Already large parts of the site are station for his coast station. several occasions refused this open to the public on a daily basis From railway waiting The railway waiting room was honour because it was only a and many of the buildings have room into wireless moved from the village green to its temporary structurel been renovated for modern new location, where it was equipped Stuart B. Smith economic uses including shops and history with wireless apparatus and a 160- a restaurant. In the last decade of (50m) the nineteenth foot mast was erected on the Cromford Mill picture For further information contact century in Cornwall a branch railway site. The new station opened on 1 8 Sarah Mcleod, Assistant Director, terminated at Helston, leaving a January 1901 and five days later discovery The Arkwright Society, Telephone distance of 15 miles to the mosr Marconi himself was there and The Arkwright Society, which is 01629 823256. southerly point of the country the received signals from the lsle of based in Cromford, Derbyshire, has Arkwright Society Lizard village. Here, the Great Wight, 186 miles (300 km) away, a ourchased a watercolour which Western Railway built a wooden new distance record for wireless depicts 5ir Richard Arkwright's first waiting structure comprising a which he called 'my first little Cromford Mill. lt was here, in the Varberg Radio Station waiting area, an office and a freight miracle.' The transatlantic'great 1 770s, that he developed the The Varberg Radio Station at storage area assembled on the experiment' was proceeding apace machines and the management Grimeton in southern Sweden was central green (common land). and the station at Poldhu was being systems which were to play such a added to UNESCo's World Heritage Guglielmo Marconi had been in established on the west side of the major role in the Industrial Site list in 2004. Built in 1922-24,it England demonstrating his wireless peninsula. The Lizard station was an Revolution both in the UK and is an exceptionally well preserved apparatus for five years in 1900 but imoortant test station for those across the world. monument to early wireless the Wireless Telegraph Company experiments. After the famous letter The painting was brought to transatlantic communication. lt was not making any real profits. In S in Morse traversed the Atlantic in light by Penelope and Martin consists of the transmitter April the company decided that, as December; the Lizard was used in the Gregory of Gregory's Fine Art of 5t equipment, including the aerial the distance record for wireless was tests to refine tuned circuits to James's. Experts have dated the system of six 127-m high steel almost 70 miles ('l 12 km), the most separate one signal from another. picture between 1 785 and 1789. lt towers. Though no longer in regular profitable use would be to put it on The Lizard wireless station was is therefore one of the earliest visual use, the equipment has been board ships, particularly merchant the first known to actually handle a representations of the mill and it maintained in operating condition. ships. In the following month distress SOS signal from a ship in confirms vital historical details of The 109.9-ha site comprises Marconi made the extraordinary 191 0 (two years before the Titanic the building and parts of Cromford buildings housing the original announcement of his intention to disaster). The station closed in 1 91 3 village where the families who Alexanderson transmitte; including send signals 2,000 miles (3,200 km) and moved to Land's End. However. worked in the mills lived. the towers with their antennae.

The Marconi wireless station at the Lizatd. Cornwall Photo: Peter Stanier The newly discovered picture of Cronford Mills

14 INDIJSTRIAL AR1HAE)L)GY NEWS I32 NEWS short-wave transmitters with their SAVE triumphs at antennae, and a residential area Farnborough with staff housing. The architect Carl DOROTHEA After persistent lobbying by SAVE Akerblad designed the main and others since 2001, key parts of buildings in the neoclassical style the Royal Aircraft Establishment at and the structural engineer Henrik RESTORATIONS Farnborough are be preserved, Kreijger was responsible for the to while the rest becomes the antenna towers, the tallest built rrD Farnborough Business Park. The structures in Sweden at that time. owners, Slough Estates, are to The site is an outstanding example Incorporating Ernest Hole (Engineers) of Sussex wind tunnels of the development of refurbish the historic and number of other buildings telecommunications and is the only a upon f20 may be spent. SAVE CONTRACTORS A,IVD CON SULTANTS IN T H E surviving example of a major which the C ON SERUATION OF HISTORIC METALWORK, transmitting station based on pre- initiated the upgrading of listings on the site, including the MILLS electronic technology. MACHINERY AND WINDIWATER cathedral-like 24ft wind tunnel and lnternational Council on the massive transonic wind tunnel Monuments & Sites (|C)M1S) Recent contracts include designs for an atmospheric (both now Grade l), and the original railway, and a replica steam locomotive, restoration of wind tunnel building R52. SAVE Home Counties news 18C lead sculptures, repair and gilding of the Albert commented on the original flawed The team responsible for the Memorial bronze decoration, conservation work on development brief and drew up renovation Hungerford Canal of alternative olans for the site with Turbinia, Lion, Sans Pareil and Locomotion, and even Bridge has received a Historical Huw Thomas showing how the restoration of an hydraulic catafalque! Bridge and Infrastructure 2004 buildings could be converted to Award (organised by the Panel of alternative uses to raise the money Historical Engineering Works of the Over 100 man vears exoerience to reoair the wind tunnels. With Institution Civil Engineers). of Farnborough Air Sciences Trust, Consultants were the Babtie Group SAVE also badgered every one at New Bridge, via Stockport, and contractors were Bersche-Rolt. Northern Works: Road, Whaley every governmental level who had West Berkshire District Council was Cheshire SK23 7JG. Contact: Dave Hodgson even the vaguest interest in the site, (0 (01663) the client and British Waterways the Tel: I 663)'7 33544 Fax 734521 and encouraged then to talk to bridge owner. The Barnespool Bridge Slough Estates. lt worked. This was a Eton, also recently refurbished, Southern Works: Riverside Business Park, St Annes Road, St. at great triumph for the hard work put was on the shorllist for an Award. Annes Park, Bristol, BS4 4ED. Contact: GeotI Wallis in by SAVE, who were severely has Tef : (01 l1) 9'7 15337 Fax: (0111) 9'71 1677 The National Trust hampered, not least because the commissioned a major survey into local authority refused to declare the history and phased development the 'cradle of British aviation' a of mid-nineteenth century model Preservation Trust f300,000 to buy from Bolton first became known to conservall0n area. farm buildings at Coleshill, close to Llanfyllin Workhouse in Powys. The television viewers for demolishing SAVE Britain's Heritase the Oxfordshire border near Grade ll listed Llanfyllin Workhouse chimney stacks without explosives, Highworth. Ridgmont Station, on was built in 1838 and restoration felling them to exactly where he the Bedford-Bletchley railway line, Restoration workhouse could cost f3.5m. Future intended. More recently, he became has been cosmetically restored with An old workhouse which was a possibilities are conversion for well known for his television support from the Railway Heritage Welsh entry in last year's BBC housing or a training centre for documentaries on steam engines Trust, which has also supported Restoration series has been bought traditional crafts. and the industrial age, visiting many renovation of the Brunel-era by the trust which has fought to parts of the country. His style and buildings at Culham Station, save it for three years. The Fred Dibnah approach were distinctive and the between Didcot and Oxford Architectural Heritage Fund has Fred Dibnah MBE died, aged 66, on series did much to publicise the Henru Gunston agreed to loan Y Dolydd Building 5 November 2004. The steeplejack cause of industrial archaeology.

AIA ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2OO5 - DERBYSHIRE The 2005 Annual Conference will be held at the University of Nottingham on 2-4 September. The conference will follow the established format with a Friday pre-conference seminar, the main conference over the weekend from Friday evening to Sunday, and a post-conference additional programme from Sunday to Thursday, 4-8 September. The local organisers are the Derbyshire Archaeological Society, who have devised a programme to show off the extraordinary variety of industry in their county. The main conference weekend will concentrate of the south of the county, close to the conference venue at the University of Nottingham, whilst the additional programme will explore up into the Peak District and coalfield areas to the north. As well as the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage site, one of the birthplaces of the industrial revolution in England, there is a fascinating range of other historic buildings and museums.

Join us in Derbyshire in 2005 for an AIA Conference to remember. Booking details are included with this mailing.

The AIA Liaison Officer, AIA Office, Department of Archaeology, University of Leicester, Leicester LEI 7RH 8 0l16 252 5337. Fax: 0116 252 5005, e-mail: [email protected]

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 132 15 REGIONAL NEWS

Yorkshire and century replacing a corn mill which Thorne, which last produced coal in the country. In Sheffield, the Five burned down in 1868. There is 1 956 and has been on care and Weirs Walk downstream along the Humberside evidence, though, of weirs and goits maintenance, at a cost of fl m a Don from the city centre to While some region's of the there in the sixteenth century, year, since the investment Meadowhall crosses the river by the redundant textile mills are still being leading from the Luddenden Brook programme was put on hold in Cobweb bridge, slung by wires demolished, often in order to clear a to fulling mills at Luddendenfoot. 1986. Centuries of oeat extraction under the arches of the Wicker valuable site, an increasing number Houses are to be built on the sitq on Thorne and Hatfield Moors came railway viaduct, and a redundant are being converted to apartments. but the goit, and WWll shelters built to an end in September when Scott bailey bridge from the listed Henry This inevitably leads to some loss of partly in it, are to be retained and UK sold the site to English Nature, Matthews sawmills may be moved their industrial character, but their conserved. At Sowerby Bridge, canal which will make it an international for another crossing. Sit Donald past use is still easily recognisable warehouses have been reused for an centre of excellence for oeatland bailey, the bridge's inventor, came through their size and design, and antiques centre, a pub and a boat conservation. There is a f9.6m, 15- from Rotherham and is the new use is much preferable to repair and hire business, and the month reclamation project on the commemorated by a Bailey bridge demolition. When Urban Splash, a West Mills are being converted to site of Kiveton Park colliery closed across the Don there. An Upper Don leading developer this field, in flats, but an adjoining four-storey in 1994: the route of the Walk is being developed upstream launched its first development in block has been demolished. Chesterfield Canal through the site from Sheffield, and there is an Yorkshire at Lister Mills. Bradford The square outside Sheffield will be secured, and a new use imaginative proposal to builds a (better known Manningham as station is being remodelled, and an found for the Grade ll listed pithead 1/10 scale reolica of New Yorks' Mills) November, over 2,000 in excavation {ound remains, since baths. Community groups have put Brooklyn Bridge close to Kelham people attended and 57 apartments buried, of the dam and wheelpit of forward a plan for an entertainment lsland Museum. lt would adjoin the were reserved on the first day. In the eighteenth-century Pond Tilt, a and business complex. Brooklyn Works, an edge tool works Halifax one of the earliest mills in water-powered forge. The remains of ARCUS have completed a converted to apartments, and a little the area, Garden Street Mill of 1833, two nineteenth-century pottery kilns survey of Stocksbridge steel works. further up is the site of Andrews' has been converted to apartments were found in an excavation at Steel melting and rolling will end Toledo Works which made steel for after several attempts to demolish it Claypit Lane, Rawmarsh, Rotherham. there during 2005, and parts of the the New York bridge. The Cobweb by arson redevelopment, or One was well oreserved and stood site are being sold for Bridge and a new footbridge from Opposition by conservation bodies over a metre high. After recording redevelopment, though the rest will Sheffield station to the Suoertram prevented demolition, and the they were reburied. A team from still be used for finishing processes. were highly commended in the 2004 successful marketing the of Bradford Unvoersity has canied out There is local pressure for listing the awards by the Yorkshire Region of apartments has encouraged other a geophysical survey around 1854 umbrella shop and the 1877 the Institution of Civil Engineers. owners to consider the option of Rievaulx Abbey to identify features wire drawing shop, tall buildings And a Sheffield firm designed the conversion, 0ld Lane Street Mill, associated with iron production, and that look like textile mills, and the unique new extending Helix Bridge north of the town centre, was built there are to be further 1868 offices built of firebricks. at Paddington basin, London. in 1827 by James Ackroyd as one of investigations. More than 2,4000 English Heritage and developers are Kelham lsland Museum has the first integrated and fireproof finds revealed by a fire at Fylingdales producing a conservation plan for been given f1 m by the Heritage woollen mills in the area. A survey Top on the North York Moors in 2003 another large site, Thorp Arch Royal Lottery Fund to create new has been canied out by Structural have been surveyed and catalogued Ordnance Factory east of Leeds. storerooms and workshops, where Perspectives, and proposed a by English Heritage. A Bronze Age Gayle Mill outside Hawes, the oublic will be able to watch redevelopment would clear many of carved rock has understandably mentioned in last year's report, engineering conservation work in the smaller buildings on the site, but attracted the most attention, but came third in the voting for progress, and a new transport convert the main mill to residential other finds included water channels endangered buildings in the BBC's gallery. The museum's Bessemer and commercial use. for the alum industry. 'Restoration' series. The last converter, which came from Some mills outside the main At the end of October copal surviving hydraulic hoist for Tom Workington in 197 4 and towns are also being converted. Oats mining in the Selby area came to an Puddings, the coal container boats commemorates Bessemer's role in Royd Mill in the Luddenden valley end with the closure of Riccall mine used in trains on the Yorkshire river the Sheffield steel industry has been west of Hali{ax was built in stages and Gascoigne Wood processing navigations, has been saved by honoured with the Engineering from '1847 to 1887, and pioneered plant. The mines were opened 21 Associated British Ports, English Heritage hallmark Award from the the use of water turbines to generate years ago. and UK Coal says it is no Heritage and local enthusiasts. lt is Institution of mechanical Engineers, electricity in 1902-3. closed in lt longer economic to extract coal at Goole, and was built in 1912 and joining the museum's River Don 1 982 because the remote location from the 900m deep seams. About used until 1986. The Environment rolling mill engine, which celebrates was uncomoetitive. Parts were used 120 million tons have been Agency is reviewing weirs on the its 100th birthday in 2005. The as small business units, but a six- extracted, far below the predicted main Yorkshire rivers to see where National Coal Mining Museum at storey block burned down in 1989. 600 million tons when the five Selby new fish oasses are needed to Caphouse Colliery near Wakefield Now an imaginative plan by Lowry pits were opened. UK Coal hopes to encourage salmon to return now the suspended its underground tour Renaissance is being carried out. obtain permission for business parks rivers are cleaner, and has restored early in the year because of fears of North-light weaving sheds are being on the sites being closed, as has an eighteenth-century fish pass on flooding, but reopened it in July. lt turned into town houses, much of been done at Whitemoor and North the Ure at Boroughbridge. An has reinstated the railway between the existing fabric is being kept, and Selby, though the original plan was unusual new listing is the 1900 Caphouse and Hope Pit, though it the block that burned down is being for the land to be returned to Aerial Glide fairground ride at could not be on exactly the original rebuilt. However, Luddendenfoot agricultural use. The year has also 5hipley Glen near Bradford, thought line, and it plans to conserve the Mills, a large complex used until seen the closure of Hatfield Main to be the earliest surviving static historic buildings at Hope Pit and 2003 by British Furtex to make colliery which was sunk in 191 1-1 7 amusement ride. install displays there. moquette upholstery fabrics, were north-east of Doncaster, and the The Millennium Footbridge in The National Railway Museum, demolished in early 2004. The demolition of the 'Tetrapod' London and the 'Winking Eye' York, celebrated the bicentenary of earliest surviving buildings were put headgears of 1979, a landmark in bridge at Gateshead are well Trevithick's Merthyr locomotive at its up by James Clay & Co., worsted the flat landscape, at Thorne colliery. known, but other interesting Railfest in May-June. The manufacturers, in the late nineteenth This ends any hope of reopening footbridges are appearing around tercentenary of the birth of Benjamin

16 INDUSTRIAL AR1HAE)L)GY NEWS 132 REGIONAL NEWS

Huntsman, the inventor of the proposals seem rather better than crucible process, which was the first some; even more valuable, a full method of melting steel and architectural survey of the buildings arguably one of the key inventions of in their existing state has been the industrial revolution, was commissioned. Similarly, there has ntrw marked by Handsworth Historical been plan after development plan ENGNNE]ERNNG Society, Sheffield, which put up a for the Reads Flour Mill site, plaque on the site of the cottage originally one of the three steam- Preseruing Our Heritage For Future Generations where he is thought to have made oowered textile mills built in the invention. Plans are being made Norwich to try to fiqht off Our dedicoted 35 strong teom provide to celebrate the bicentenary of the competition from Yorkshire. What solutions in the Heritoge including leading early railway engineer will happen to the Laurence Scott turnkey Joseph Locke next summer in Electromotors building with its Mechonicol Engineering Barnsley, where he grew up and is rather nice railway frontage is very Arc hilecturol Melolwork commemorated by Locke Park, but unclear. The fate of the organ- surprisingly there is little interest so building works in St Stephen's Timber Engineering far in marking the event in the many Square looks more promising with other places that benefited from his sympathetic redevelopment into Technicol Consulling work. 2005 is also the tercentenary apartments planned. Since organ Conservotion Workshops of the birth oflhomas Boulsover, the building ceased nearly a century inventor of 0ld Sheffield Plate which ago, there is little of significance Recent projects :2001 /2402 was made by fusing a thin sheet of within the building. The future of the restorotion of world's oldest workinq silver on to a copper plate, and used air-compressor station at New Mills steom enginJ until the invention of electroplating is now more secure, with the council to produce elegant pieces for the taking over responsibility for, and I 5m timber wqterwheel construction tables of the well-to-do. undertaking repairs to, the structure, newcomen engine technicol osessment We are very sorry to report the though no decisions have yet been design & build of lorgesf cost iron structure death in December of DenisAshurst. made about the important interior erected in the lost B0 veors who carried out excavations on machinery. Jarrolds Printing works is seventeenth and eighteenth-century looking to relocate, though most of 22-24 Cormyle Avenue, Glosgow, Scoflond, G32 BHJ glass working sites at Gawber and its buildings are post-war and fairly Tel +0044 l41 753 0007 Fox +0044 l41 753 0583 Bolstertone, identified the site at undistinguished. [email protected] www.heritogeengineeilng,com Silkstone wrote the standard work Elsewhere in Norfolk, very much lncorporatinB Walter MacFarlane & Company Ltd The History of South Yorkshire on the plus side, a museum of the Glass, and made many other fishing and associated industries contributions to the history and has been opened in the restored archaeology of South Yorkshire. Tower Curing Works, Yarmouth, heritage lottery grant has paid for a an unclear situation. The team at Derek Bayliss and David Cant which the AIA visited when still very good introductory video, but Gunton Park Sawmill continue working during the Norwich there are serious problems with despite increasing years, and feel at East Anglia conference. Fakenham Gasworks financing the inevitable repairs and the moment reasonably on top of functions steadily under its new maintenance of the buildings, with the maintenance needs inevitable in lhe 14th East of England Regional leadership, and is now open every what remains of British Gas doing a wooden building restored 25 years Industrial Archaeology Conference Thursday throughout the year. A its best to shed any responsibility in ago. In the last year the earth floor was held in Blythburgh on 12 June 2004. The field visit included a tour of Lowestoft and its Maritime Museum, the two preserved fishing vessels, the Lydia Eva and Mincarlo, and Mutford Lock on the Lowestoft and Norwich Navigation, believed to be the only lock in the world directly linking two stretches of tidal water - unless anyone knows better! There have been few notable losses in the last year, partly because there is little left to lose, though tvvo associated themes are becoming apparent: the movement of remaining industries from city and town centres. and the increasing attraction of industrial sites, even those still in profitable use, to developers. Colman's works at Carrow Abbey, Norwich, remain a cause for concern, with continually changing plans for the future of mid-nineteenth century these fine The fine Colnan's works buildings at Carrow Abbey, Norwich, face an uncertain future thanks to continually changing plans buildings, though the latest Photo: David Alderton

INDIJSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 132 17 REGIONAT NEWS

has been levelled with hoggin, and been sold for residential conversion, is now accessible to wheelchairs as but perhaps the oddest conversion is well as being safer for all. at Great Blakenham (or Claydon) In Cambridgeshire, as reported cement works. the site of which is to last year, Foste/s Mill by the station be turned into 'Snoasis' with an finally closed prior to conversion to artificial ski slope in the pit and residential use. lts 1980 boiler, by accommodation. ln Beccles the Danks of Netherton, has generously Clowes printing works has been been donated by Rank Hovis to the demolished to make way for a Museum ofTechnology at Cheddars supermarket. The transmitter block Lane, where it will provide useful of Bawdsey Manor Radar Station did standby and possibly at a later date perhaps surprisingly well in the Dower some of their collection of voting on the BBC's 'Restoration' steam engines. The main boiler has programme, reaching the final, and been out of use since the summer the publicity has certainly helped due to the expiry of its 10-year fundraising. Less fortunate so far has certificate, but it is hoped all the been the last steam drifter,the Lydia Halton punping station near Swynnerton, now being convefted to housing necessary repairs and tests will be Eva, which urgently needs funds for Photo: lohn Powell comoleted in time for the usual replating the bottom of the hull, so re-open to the public by the end of main block. The all red brick Mill Easter steaming in 2005. lt is also thin in olaces a misdirected hammer 2004, though it will be some time Meece Pumping Station about a hooed that it will soon become blow will cause a leak. before recovery can be said to be mile further south, is preserved by a possible to display the Pye and As always, I lack any source of complete. trust and has its two massive Cambridge Instruments collections information Essex. do for but In August 2004 another fire, horizontal engines in steam several of historic radio and telecom- understand that Mistley's Quayside probably started deliberately, broke times during the summer months. lt munications equipment more fully maltings have now been converted out in the disused Mitchell's and is highly recommended any visitor and to better effect. The major work to housing. My thanks go to Derek Butler's Springfield Brewery in to this part of the Midlands. at Stretham Old Engine has been the Manning, Steven Worsley, Ken Alger, Wolverhampton. Damage to several Housing proposals also won the almost total re-wooding the Keith Hinde, and Alan Denny for of buildings, which can be seen more day at Fort Pendlestone, Bridgnorth scoopwheel, where what seemed to their help in compiling this report: readily from the train just north of (reported earlier in lA News l2ll. be minor rot proved, as so often, to the errors are my own, Wolverhampton Station rather than Work started suddenly without any be much more extensive than was David Aldefton from the road. was extensive. prior notice, though lronbridge's initially apparent. At Willingham Fortunately, the complex had been Senior Archaeologist Paul Belford engine house it is hoped that the West Midlands photographically recorded to a high managed to carry out a last-minute installation of steel doors will at last Fortunately, it is not too often that standard by Clifford Monis and by photographic survey, which included prevent the continual vandalism fire is a threat to the industrial students from the lronbridge pictures of unusual and rarely-seen from which it has suffered. Cunently, heritage, but it has struck twice in Institute. lt is likely that the brewery cloche-like windows in the roof, engine houses seem to have become the West Midlands in recent times. will be converted into housing, as which will doubtless be retained as favoured for residential conversion. 0n 16 September 2003, a discarded had been the olan before the fire 'features' in the upmarket with Southey, Burwell and cigarette end is believed to have occurred. apartments when completed. The Glassmoor all affected. Sadly, it started a disastrous fire at the Also being converted into structure was also recorded by an seems that the 1944 Crossley Diesel National Motorcycle Museum at housing, and also visible from the lronbridge Institute student some in the first named will go for scrap: Solihull. Something in the region of railway line, this time north of years ago. current scrap prices and the difficulty 500 machines were damaged or Stafford on the east side. is the Familiarly depressing news of of removing it militate against destroyed, whilst another 250 were ornate yellow and red brick Hatton the relentless decline of preservation, and is neither it rescued unscathed, Remarkably, Pumping Station near Swynnerton, manufacturing industry in the West particularly rare nor of special restoration of the buildings and built in ltalianate style for the Midlands came towards the end of historic interest. many of the machines has been Potteries Water Board in 1890. and 2004 with the announcement that In Suffolk, the lpswich rapid, and the museum was able to once housing a beam engine in its Jaguar Cars, now owned by Ford, warehouse complex of lsaac Lord, will soon cease to be made at with its medieval merchant's house Brown's Lane in Coventry a former and Tudor warehouse, has been sold WW2 shadow factory where car for redevelopment, as has the Albion production started in 1951 . Also, maltings, despite modern its following the delivery of the new equipment. The whole seems 'Pendolinos' trains to Virgin Rail, doomed become another to Alstom are to close their factory at memorial to the yuppification of Washwood Heath. This is the former lpswich Dock, planned with Metropolitan-Cammell Caniage and restaurants, boutiques and coffee Wagon Works, a part of bars as well as accommodation. Birmingham's once-thriving railway Bette4 perhaps, than demolition, but building industry which stretches not much. One loss has been the Bull back as far as 1 838, and was motorcar factory from the interwar employing no fewer than 3,000 years, now completely demolished, people by the time Timmins's book and the fate of the Tollemache Cliff on the Midland Hardware District Quay brewery hangs in the balance. was published in 1866. Outside lpswich, the county's only The inpressive but sadly negleted entrance to the M & I Brewery, Wolverhanpton, John Powe!l known oasthouse at Dagworth has danaged by fire in August 2004 Photo: lohn Powell

18 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEjL)GY NEW; 132 PUBTICATIONS

Local Society and other periodicals received maltings, navigations, piers, quarries, railways, roads, watermills, windmills and water supply. Abstracts will appear in lndustrial Archaeology Review. On tour with lhomas Telford, by Chris Monis. Longhope, Glos: Tanners A rch aeo I ogy i n Wa I es, 43 12003 Yard Press. 1 1 2 pp, illus. ISBN 0 9542096 3 X. f1 6.95 (incl p&p) from Tanners Brewery History, 115, Summer 2004 Yard Press, Church Road, Longhope, Glos, GL17 0LA. Brewery History Society Newsletter,29, Autumn 2004 The author; a documentary photographer; has assembled a collection of Cleveland Industrial Archaeology Society Newsletter,86, Nov 2004 fine colour photographs taken on a series of tours reflecting Telford's Dorset Industrial Archaeology Society Newsletter, l0, Sept 2004 itinerant lifestyle. The resulting images are grouped in six roughly GLIAS Newsletter, 215, December 2004 chronological chapters, each with a short introduction. These cover works in lhe Mundling Stick (Lion Salt Works Trust), 1 0/3, Summer 2004 England, Wales and Scotland as well as his advices on the Gota Canal in Journal of the Nortolk lndustrial Archaeology Society, 7 14, 2004 Sweden. The book is in folio format, 237 x 168mm with over 40 full-page Scottish lndustrial Heritage Society Bulletin,34, October 2004 and numerous quite small images of structures and artefacts, each South Yorkshire lndustrial History Society Journal N0.1, 1998 & No. 2, accompanied by captions.This presentation is informative and yet accessible 2001 as both a travel book and as industrial history. Sussex Mills Group Newsletter, 142, November 2004 TICCIH Bulletin,26, Autumn 2004 Pennine Pioneer: the story of the Rochdale Canal, by Keith Gibson. Stroud: Tempus Publishing. 2004.192 pp, 112 illus. ISBN 0 7524 3266 4. Books Received f 16.99. The following books have been received for review in lndustrial Archaeology The broad gauge Rochdale Canal was opened for trade from Rochdale Review. across the Pennines to Yorkshire in 1 798, and fully from end to end in 1 804. It took the low level lce Age meltwater channel between Littleborough and Annual Review 2003-2004, Royal Commission on the Ancient and Todmorden and avoided the tortuous route of the Leeds & Liverpool Canal Historical Monuments of Scotland. 120 pp, illus. |SSN 1741 9297. and the long tunnel of the Huddersfield Nanow Canal. Despite the railways A lavish publication which deals with the activities of the Archaeology it traded successfully into the twentieth century only being overtaken by the very useful detailed list of & Buildings Divisions of RCAHMS as well as a arrival of motor transport. By the Second World War it was scarcely used and principal accessions to the National Monuments Record for Scotland. Those was formally abandoned in 1952, quickly becoming impassable. Howeve; the who attended the AIA Conference in Edinburgh will remember the central Manchester section was reopened by 1974 and the Rochdale impressive demonstrations of the online service, which has now also been Canal Society was formed to restore the rest of the canal, which was developed for the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical achieved in 2002. This book charts the history of the canal and tells of the (Shared Monuments of Wales. Their co-ooeration in the SWISH Web more recent battle for its preservation. Information Services) is also described. The Vernacular Workshop: from Craft to lndustry, 1400-1900, Copperas: An account of the Whitstable Works and the first P.S. Barnwell, Marilyn Palmer & Malcolm Airs, eds. York: CBA Research Mike '146 industrial-scale chemical production in England, by Tim Allen, Report 140, 2004. 201 pp, illus. |SBN 1 902771 45 1. Cotterill & Geoffrey Pike. Canterbury Archaeological Trust Occasional Paper This CBA publication is the outcome of a conference held in the N0.2, 2004.64 pp, 28 illus. ISBN 1 870545 08 7. Department of Continuing Education Oxford in November 2002, sponsored This A4-sized soft-back book provides a detailed record of the variety of by the Vernacular Architecture Group and the AlA. Marilyn Palmer's timber structures and poured mortar floors along the upper foreshore at the Introduction, 'The Workshop: type of building or method of work?' sets the part on the north western of Tankerton Bay, immediately east of Whitstable scene for 15 papers covering a chronological period from the late Middle Kent coast. The introduction describes the historical background of copperas Ages to the twentieth century and a geographical spread from London, East production and its uses. The following chapters describe the archaeological Anglia and the Midlands to the north of England. lt brings together for the 'l excavation in 997; interpretation and the industrial process; a review of the first time summaries of recording and research work canied out by copperas industry in the south of England; the industry atWhitstable itself, individuals and English Heritage staff, and complements the important work work followed by a conclusion and bibliography. A shorter account of this canied out on textile mills by RCHME by looking at the extent of outwork in was published in lndustrial Archaeology Review, XXlll/2 in 2001. a variety of industries, not just textiles but also the manufacture of boots Keighley Coal, British Mining No. 74, by M.C. Gill. Northern Mine and shoes and the small metal trades. Produced to a high standard by the must for every industrial archaeologist. Research Society, 2004. 105 pp,31 illus. ISSN 0308 2199. (Free to members). CBA, it is a This history of coalmining in the Keighley district is part of an extensive series of mining histories and deals with a ten-mile section of the Aire Valley and the catchment areas between Keighley and the outskirts of Skipton. The THE BOOK HOUSE coal seams are located within the millstone grits series except for a few in The leading industrial archaeology booksellers since the Lower Millstone Grits Series. Surface transport was available from the Leeds and Liveroool Canal at Silsden. 1963 - books on all aspects of technology & transport Lincolnshire's lndustrial Heritage edited by Neil Wright. Lincoln: Society Ltsrs rssuED - FnBn SEARcH SERVICE for Lincolnshire History & Archaeology. 2004. 106 pp, 181 illus. |SBN 0 p&p Society for Lincolnshire History & 903582 20 1. f4.50 + from Our new shop is now open, near the top of the Archaeology, Jew's Court, 2-3 Steep Hill, Lincoln LN2 1LS. In 1983, the AIA Annual Conference was held in Lincolnshire and Neil village street, adjoining Fallowfield Wright produced a 40-page leaflet, listing some 97 industrial archaeological The Book House, Fallowfield, Ravenstonedale, sites in the county, all for the princely sum of 95 pence. This new gazetteer of the county's sites has been published in a style similar to that now Kirkby Stephen, Westmoreland CAIT 4NG established by the AlA. Copiously illustrated, the guide briefly describes over Telephone and Fax: 015396-23634 400 main sites in nine local authority districts - Boston (32 sites), East e-mail : mail@the bookhouse.co.uk Lindsey (80 sites), North East Lincolnshire (1 8 sites), North Lincolnshire (44 sites), West Lindsey (57 sites), Lincoln (34 sites), North Kesteven (46 sites), Open daily except Sunday & Tuesday: 10am-5pm South Kesteven (64 sites) and South Holland (28 sites).This very large county or visit our bookstall at many IA conferences has a wealth of sites including bridges, docks, drainage, farms, foundries,

INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 132 19 DIARY

2-3 APRIL 2005 talks as varied as the Croydon, 11 JUI{E 2005 22 (rcTOBER 2qt5 AIA IROTTERIDGE WEEKETTD Merstham & Godstone Railway, EERIAC 15 WILTSHIRE IA SYMFOSIUM at the lronbridge Institute, London Docks, Southampton trams to be held in the Sheringham area of at the Wharf Theatre, Devizes, the Coalbrookdale, on the theme of and Croydon Airport. There will also Norfolk, the 15th East of England Wiltshire Archaeological & Natural Railway Structures. See inside for be an opportunity to see the Region lA Conference, on the theme History Society's biennial Industrial details. A booking form is included Kempton Park steam pumping of trains and trippers. Please send a Archaeology Symposium. Details, with this mailing. engines. For details and booking decent sized SAE for details and when available, from Doug booking form, available after the Roseman, Westbrook, 9 APRtt 2005 form contact Stuart Chrystall 101 (SERIAC end of February from Mrs Brenda Bromham, Chippenham, Wiltshire SOUTH WEST REGION IA 2005), Dene Lodge, Drovers Taylo; Crown House, Horsham 5t SNl 5 2EE. COilFERETTICE Way, Ash Green, Aldershot, Faiths, Norwich, at Sir Thomas Rich's 5chool, Hampshire GU12 6HY NRl0 3JD. Gloucester, the South West & South 23 APRTL 2005 3-5 JULY 2005 Wales Regional Industrial THE EXPLOSIVES INDUSTRY EXPLORING DEVON'S Archaeologica I Conference, IN CUMBRIA INDUSTRIAT HERITAGE organised by the Gloucestershire at St Martin's College, Ambleside, at Dillington House, llminster, Society for Industrial Archaeology. the Cumbria Industrial History Somerset, a course examining the For details please contact Dr Ray Society's 20th spring conference. evidence for past industries in east Wilson, Honorary Secretary GSIA, Details and booking form from Ron Devon, with lectures and two field 0ak House, Hamshill, Coaley, Lyon, Chrondenn, Church Street, visits to textile sites, watermills, Dursley, Gloucestershire, GLI 1 5EH, Skirwith, Penrith, Cumbria CA10 breweries, lost railwayS canals and

I 01453 860595. 1 RQ. other industries on the edge of Dartmoor where the famous Haytor 18-22 APR|L 2005 21 MAY 2005 granite quarries once supplied BELGIUM BECKOIIIS EMIAC 69 London Bridge. Details from AIA tour of Belgium. Please contact at Worksop, the 69th East Midlands Dillington House, llminster, Somerset Paul Saulter, 80 Udimore Road, Rye, Industrial Archaeology Conference, TA19 9DL B 01460 52426, website: Sussex, TN31 7DY, or see hosted by the Nottinghamshire www.dillington.co.uk www. herita geof industry.co. uk Industrial Archaeology Society. The 23 APR|L 2005 topics will be Worksop at Work with 8-10 JULY 2005 speakers covering many aspects of NAMHO CONFERENCE 2OO5 4IA SOUTH EAST REGION IA CONFERENCE the industry of the town, including at Juniper Hall Field centre, INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS maltings, chair making and the Mickleham, near Dorking, Surrey, at Chertsey Hall, Heriot Road, (formerly AIA Bulletin l55N 0309-0051) bodger's art. Further details from organised by the Wealden Cave & Chertsey, Suney, hosted by Surrey tssN I 354-t 455 Industrial History Group. This year's Joan Hodges, 2 Knighton Road, Mine Society with the assistance of event has a transport theme, with Woodthorpe, Nottingham NG 5 4FL. the Chelsea Speleological Society, Editor: Dr Peter Stanier Kent Underground Research Group Published by the Association for lndustrial and Subterranea Britannica, A Archaeology. Contributions should be programme lectures, of sent to the Editor Dr Peter Stanier, 49 underground and surface trips, Breach Lane, Shaftesbury, Dorset 5P7 8LF. focusing primarily on medieval and News and press releases may be sent to post-medieval underground the Editor or the appropriate AIA Regional building-stone quarries, chalk mines Correspondents. The Editor nay be and underground quarries, and the telephoned on 0l 747 854707 or e-nail: Wealden ironstone mines. For a i a n ews I ettet@ya h oo. co. u k.

details see the website: Final copy dates are as follows: http://namho2005.wcms.org.uk and for further enouiries e-mail: I January for February mailing [email protected] I April for May mailing 1 July for August mailing or 8 01737 243912, or write to 1 October for November mailing Robin Albert, 1 3 Beaufort Road, Reigate RH2 9DQ. The AIA was established in 1973 to oromote the study of lndustrial Archaeology and 2.8 SEPTEMBER 2OO5 encourage inproved standards of recording, AIA DERBYSHIRE research, conservation and publication. It CONFERENCE 2OO5 aims to assist and support regional and at Nottingham University. See notice specialist survey groups and bodies involved in the preseyation of industrial nonuments, inside. Details and bookinq forms to represent the interests of lndustrial included with this mailing. Archaeology at national level, to hold 21-23 oCTOBER 2005 conferences and seninars and to publish the results of research. The AIA publishes an THE WONDERFUT WINDMILLS annual Review and quarterly News bulletin. OF TINCOLNSHIRE Fufther details may be obtained fron the based at Lincoln. a weekend coach Liaison Officer. AIA 0ffice. School of tour to take in a number of mills, Archaeological Studies, University of some specially opened for the visit. Leicester. Leicester IEI 7RH. 0l l6 252 5337 Fax: 0l l6 252 5005. 0rganised by Lindum Heritage, 8 contact Zoe Tomlinson. I 01522 The views expressed in this bulletin are 851388, or visit not necessarily those of the Association www.l indumheritage.co. uk for Industrial Archaeology.

20 @ Association for Industrial Archaeology, February 2005 Registered in England under the Companies Act 1948 (No. 1326854) and the Charities Act 1960 (No. 277511) Registered office: c/o IGMT, Coach Road, Coalbrookdale, Telford, Shropshire TF8 7DQ Dr^4".^A h., TDa b.i-. c^'r,i-^- | i-i.^l Dl^-J3^-J E^-..- h^---r