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Romania Workshop O Swannington Winner O Heritage Lottery Fund O Hatfield Seminar THE BULLETIN OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY FREE TO MEMBERS OF AIA Romania workshop o Swannington winner o Heritage Lottery Fund o Hatfield seminar EMIAC 68 o 20th Century Archives o Cromford picture o wireless history o Farnborough ]\\AIlo4/,? Industrial Archaeology Workshop in Baia Mare, Romania AIA-.rror,,,*,oJ The fourth lnternational Workshop on lndustrial began the next day at Romplumb lead smelte[ Archaeology organised by the Ministry of Culture now processing lead dust from Poland into ingots INDUSTRIAL and Religious Affairs held over five days in the rather than locally-produced minerals; some of autumn of 2004 provided a welcome oppoftunity the technology belongs to 1960s Russia and ARCHAEOLOGY for around 50 participants to explore the some buildings incorporate remains of the 1840s. industrial operations, remains and museums of The company has so far met two out of three NEWS L3.2 the mountainous Maramures province of targets to reduce pollution emissions and they northern Romania whilst sharing varied have secured the investment necessary to meet experiences through informal discussion and the third. Until the 'Big Chimney' was built in llonorary President lectures. The sessions and tours were adeptly co- 1994 lead levels were extremely high and could Prof Angus Euchanan ordinated by lrina lamandescu, a dynamic young induce headaches in visitors. A common theme 13 Hensley Road, Bath BA2 2DR Romania the relative Chairman architect working for the Department for Historic during our few days in is Prof Marilyn Palmer Monuments. labour-intensity of many of the industries. Next School of Archaeological Studiet Ihe Unive$ity, door there are blocks of workers' housing built Leicester LE1 7RH about 50 years ago, on which is painted a female Vice-Chairman Sabina Strachan Mike Bone miner symbolising the Communist ideal of gender Sunnyside, Avon Close, Keynsham, Bristol BS31 2UL equality. We then headed towards the Tiblesului Secretary 8arry Hood Based in Baia Mare, literally'Big Mine', named for Mountains where the director of the National 7 Loch Way, Kemnay, Inverurie, Aberdeenshire AB51 5QZ the availability and extraction of non-ferrous Precious and Non-fenous Metals of Baia Mare Treasurer metals, the conference was formally opened in Company permitted us to visit the Cavnic Mines; Richard Hartree The Stables Cottage, Sibford Fenis, Banbury 0X1 5 5RE the Biblioteca Judeteana on the last day of extraction here was first recorded in 1511. lA Review Editor Seotember 2004. The warm welcome was operation is the largest of its kind in Romania and Dr David Gwyn followed by two papers providing an overview of we toured the dressing plant, an inclined plane Nant y Felin, Llanllyfni Road, Pen y Groes, Caernarfon LL54 5[Y 30 years of TICCIH and the 'Eurocultures' web- and the above-ground parts of one of the shafts. lA News Editor based educational facility focusing on tourism- Currently four out of five shafts are operational- Dr Peter Stanier oriented case studies. The nearby Maramures down-sizing in the post-Ceausescu era has 49 Breach Lane, Shaftesbury Dorset SP7 8LF and caused mines close between 1989 and Aff iliated Societies Off icer County Museum is housed in an arcaded 212 to Prof Ray Riley balconied smooth-rendered building that 2002, and the desire to join the single-currency in 8 Queen's Keep, Clarence Parade Southsea P05 3NX predominantly dates from the 1 770s and 2007 will be matched by the total removal of Conference Secretary (first mayor talked the Tony Parkes functioned as the Mint recorded here in the state support. The local of 60 School Lang Hill Ridware Rugeley WSl 5 3QN fifteenth century) and as the Superior Mining potential for tourism; there are already some Endangered Sites Officer Office, restored and extensively remodelled in defuncUdisused remains but, as in the UK, the Dr Mike Nevell as an attraction University of Manchester Archaeology Unit, University 1979. Naturally the 1,000 or so exhibits in the opportunity for developing such of Manchestel oxford Road, Man€hester M13 9PL new 'History of Mining from Maramures' is often limited. Librarian and Archivist permanent exhibition focus on mining technology The focus of the bus tour shifted to John Powell three do lGML lronbridge, Telford, Shropshire TF8 7DQ with gold and silver furnaces, lamps and tools subsistence economies with visits to Publicity Officer from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. working water mills in villages of the Cosaului Jonathan Briggs Our visits to ooerational industrial sites Valley. All combined a fulling cone (where felting 45 Arrowsmith Drive, Stonehouse GLl 0 zQR Recording Awards Officer Dr Victoria Beauchamp 3 Parsonage Court, Parsonage Crescent, Walkley, Sheffield 55 5BJ Sales Officer Roger Ford Barn Cottage, Bridge Street Bridgnorth Wl5 5AF Council Members Christine Ball Dr Robert Carr (BA Awards) Dr Paul Collins (Partnerships) Tony Crosby (co-opted) David Lyne (Conservation Award) Michael Messenger Dr Mary Mills Dr Miles 0glethorpe (TlCClH) Paul Saulter (E-FAITH) Honorary Vice-Presidents Sir Neil Cossons John Hume Stuart B. Smith Liaison Officer Simon Thomas AIA Office, School of Archaeological 5tudies, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH I 0'l 'l 6 252 5337, Fax: 0l I 6 252 5005 e-mail:AlA@le ac,uk Website: www industrial-archaeology.org uk COVER PICTURE Romanian Forest Railways 764 steam locomotive emerging from a tunnel in the Maranuresului Mountains (see this page) A fulling mill at the Village Museum in Eucharest Photo: Mike clarke Photo: Mike Clarke 2 INDUSTRIAL ARCHAE)L)GY NEWS 132 Stone ground flour mill and miller, Cosaului Valley A 'whirl' for washing the cloth after fulling in the Cosaului Valley Photo: Mike Clarke Photo: Mike Clarke is achieved by the pounding action of water in a the original was sold to ,a museum despite it are designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. whirlpool), meal grinding and threshing or having been listed. The alternative approach of The hilltop collection of vernacular timber-built distillation powered by the waterwheel or fed by preservation in-situ is favoured by other curators architecture in the open-air Ethnographical a lade (in the case of the fulling cones). Though and the Ministry. An inspirational interlude was Museum of Maramures near Sighet (Sighetul these examples survive there has been significant provided by the 1643 Lower Church of Budesti Marmatiei) is composed of houses, grain stores, decline; 28 working examples were recorded in with its wonderful frescos and unusual corner- wells, fences and the typical gates of the region the valley in 1972 compared with 65 in 1947. One turreted soire. With six other examoles in the acquired and reassembled here in a park-like of the three installations is only two years old as region these 'biserici de lemn'/wooden churches formation in 1971. Surrounding villages are linear in form and burgeoning with large new houses next to their timber predecessors, haystacks and horse-drawn carts. Those of us who anived a day early were treated to a visit to the Bucharest Village Museum, to which the Ministry of Culture relocated in 2003 in a new building. One of the longest days of the conference was arranged to allow for a seven-hour round trip on a Romanian Forest Railways (CFF) 764 steam locomotive from Viseu de Sus along the River Vaser that cuts u0 into the Maramuresului Mountains only 4-5 kilometres from the Ukranian border at Coman, surrounded by ridges and valleys covered in dense forest. Until 1 930 timber was floated. The construction of the nanow gauge railway commenced two years later. Three steam engines were saved from being scrapped by the 'Help the Vaser Valley Railway' association supported by many railway enthusiasts from abroad and so steam power takes tourists up the valley on weekends but will take loggers home and loaded wagons back down to the processing works relieving the diesel engines. We were able to visit another disused German steam engine on sidings in Sighet that had been built during World War ll. A Swiss company bought the railway in 1re washer at the Cavnic lead mine Photo: Mike Clarke 2000 and manages the processing works. These INDIJSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY NEWS 132 3 manager and the creative re-use of a vast gasworks in Amsterdam, 'large scale and extra- large scale' industries of The Urals were discussed where some sites span 2 km (the venue for the 2003 TICCIH conference), and there was also a look at the aesthetic qualities of the industry and development of Venice by a Romanian architect and a sculptor. Some had a European theme in presenting multi-national projects to the audience, while others gave an overview of the Industrial Heritage, challenges and strategies for protection and regeneration in their own countries. A number talked about specific examples relating to interpretation, tourism, museums and the particulars of recording and preserving technology, technological processes and industrial buildings. Most of the papers presented by Romanian delegates also gave specific or regional examples along the lines described. One student, now studying in Belgium, discussed the landscape and natural heritage values of quarries and the potential for tourism; Romanian Forest Railways steam locomotive working a logging train Photo' Mike Clarke all felt that her ideas could have wider applications. However; in Romania, challenges we visited and again there was a large workforce, similar work The plan is that this will also be such as engaging with local communities and some modern facilities but also machines and followed by the development of Tower Place, in industry managers in this struggling economy is working practises that were yet to be updated. which the tower of St Stephen's survives and has marked where priorities do not often focus on the The large timber-built winches that transfer logs its origins in the fifteenth century, and the heritage value of recording and preserving the Irom the wagons into a holding bay are an Haymarket as part of a tourist trail.
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