11Concurso Internacional De Violín Pablo Sarasate

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11Concurso Internacional De Violín Pablo Sarasate CONCURSO INTERNACIONAL DE VIOLÍN PABLO SARASATE 11 PABLO SARASATE INTERNATIONAL VIOLIN COMPETITION Presidente del jurado: Vladimir Spivakov • Pamplona - España •14 al 21 de septiembre de 2011 PRUEBAS ELIMINATORIAS Teatro Gayarre 15-18 de septiembre Las fotografías utilizadas en este folleto pertenecen al Archivo Municipal del Ayuntamiento de Pamplona ELIMINATORIAS Pablo Sarasate (Pamplona 1844 - Biarritz 1908) arasate nació en Pamplona el 10 de marzo de 1844. Fue bautizado como SMartín Melitón y conocido como Martín Sarasate hasta 1869, cuando adoptó el nombre artístico de “Pablo”. Su padre, Miguel Sarasate, era músico militar, lo que favoreció su temprano contacto con la música y la revelación de unas dotes extraordinarias para el violín. Debido a los diversos destinos militares del cabeza de familia, los Sarasate vivieron en Valladolid, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña y Pontevedra. En Galicia Sarasate recibió clases de diversos profesores locales y allí comenzó su andadura como niño prodigio: el 13 de enero de 1852, con sólo siete años, dio su primer concierto público en La Coruña. Cuatro meses después se presentó en Madrid, donde actuó en veladas privadas y en varios conciertos celebrados en el Teatro del Circo. En esas primeras actuaciones los críticos reseñaron ya algunas cualidades del futuro virtuoso: una afinación perfecta y una prodigiosa habilidad. Gracias a una pensión de la Condesa de Espoz y Mina, en 1853 pudo trasladarse a Madrid para perfeccionarse en el violín con Manuel Rodríguez. Durante su estancia en la corte se prodigó en veladas y conciertos, destacando sus actuaciones en el Teatro Real, en marzo de 1854, y un año más tarde en la corte ante la reina Isabel II, quien le concedió una ayuda para que pudiera completar su formación en París. En 1855, acompañado por su madre, Sarasate emprendió el viaje a la capital francesa, que terminaría trágicamente: en Bayona, en plena epidemia de cólera, su madre contrajo la enfermedad y falleció. El cónsul español en esta ciudad, Ignacio García, se encargó de pedir una pensión a la Diputación de Navarra y de acompañar a Sarasate a París. En enero de 1856 Sarasate fue admitido en el Conservatorio de París, donde estudió violín con Delphin Alard, consiguiendo el primer premio de violín en 1857, con trece años. Terminaría sus estudios, que completó con los de armonía, en 1859. Desde ese momento comenzó una intensa carrera como violinista virtuoso. Durante los primeros años de su trayectoria artística tocó sobre todo en París, realizando también algunos viajes y giras por Francia y otros países europeos, y comenzó a compaginar su actividad como intérprete -siempre prioritaria- con la de compositor de obras efectistas: fantasías, piezas de salón, aptas para terminar sus conciertos ganándose el favor del público. "Saint-Saëns compuso además dos obras para él en esos años: el Concierto para violín nº 1 en La mayor y una de sus obras más célebres, la Introducción y Rondó caprichoso. Más tarde le dedicaría también el Concierto para violín nº 3. Entre 1870 y 1872 realizó una gira por América que sería decisiva para su futuro: a pesar de las dificultades y el agotador ritmo de trabajo que le supuso, volvió convertido en un violinista célebre, reconocido y aclamado también en Europa. A partir de entonces la historia de Sarasate, ya como Pablo, se podría resumir como una sucesión incesante de éxitos hasta su muerte. Prácticamente no conoció el fracaso y se convirtió en el violinista virtuoso más famoso de su época. A la vuelta de América Sarasate se reintegró en la vida musical parisina vinculán- dose al círculo de jóvenes compositores de la escuela francesa, algunas de cuyas obras contribuyó a difundir por toda Europa. A las obras dedicadas por Saint- Saëns se unen ahora las que componen para él otros compositores, entre ellos Edouard Lalo, quien le dedica el Concierto para violín y su obra más célebre, la Sinfonía Española. Al mismo tiempo inicia una frenética actividad concertística por Europa. Triunfa en Gran Bretaña, en Alemania, donde se presenta en 1876, en Viena, en Rusia, en los países escandinavos… En 1876 inicia la costumbre de actuar todos los veranos en Pamplona durante las fiestas de San Fermín. Se convertirán también en tradición sus giras anuales por Alemania, Austria-Hungría y Gran Betaña. En 1877 conoce en Frankfurt al pianista alemán Otto Goldschmidt, que se convertirá en su secretario, agente y amigo. En Rusia se relaciona con César Cui y Chaikovski. Muchos compositores le dedican obras, entre ellos Max Bruch, Joachim Raff, Dvorak, Mackenzie, Svendsen, etc. El prestigio de Sarasate se consolida a partir de los años 1880, convirtiéndose en un mito. Sus conciertos son multitudinarios, y continuos los homenajes y distinciones que se le otorgan. En esta década conoce a la pianista Berthe Marx, que se convierte en su acompañante habitual. Aprovecha los viajes para recoger melodías populares que luego utiliza en sus composiciones: así nacen obras como las Danzas españolas, Zigeunerweisen (Aires bohemios), las Chansons Russes, etc., aunque no deja de cultivar el género de salón y las fantasías sobre temas de ópera, entre las que destaca por su popularidad la Fantasía sobre Carmen de Bizet. Además de su actividad como concertista virtuoso, en estas décadas cultiva una faceta poco conocida: la música de cámara, creando su propio cuarteto. La clave del éxito de Sarasate se encuentra en que fue un intérprete excepcional. Todos los testimonios son unánimes: poseía una técnica perfecta y un sonido único, puro y nítido, que cautivaba a todos los que lo escuchaban. Supo, además, mantener un gran equilibrio entre novedad y tradición montando programas variados que contentaban a todos los públicos. En ellos incluía obras clásicas, composiciones contemporáneas, muchas de ellas dedicadas a él, y sus propias composiciones, escritas para su propio lucimiento como intérprete. Esto explica algunas características de estas obras: la inclusión de pasajes de virtuosismo violinístico, aptos para mostrar la facilidad pasmosa de su técnica, y de pasajes líricos que potenciaban la pureza de su sonido. A esto hay que añadir, además, la elección de melodías sencillas y atractivas. Quizá en la mezcla de todos estos elementos haya que buscar las razones de la extraordinaria popularidad de algunas de estas obras y su permanencia en el repertorio. La figura de Pablo Sarasate es una de las más interesantes del tránsito del siglo XIX al XX. A las facetas de virtuoso del violín, dinamizador de la creación musical y compositor hay que añadir su carácter abierto y generoso que le granjeó la amistad de grandes personalidades de su época. Frecuentó los palacios y salones de reyes y nobles, diferentes personalidades de la literatura mundial, desde Tolstoi a Hesse, le citan en sus obras y mantuvo una estrecha relación con artistas como el pintor norteamericano James Whistler, quien le dedicó uno de sus retratos más célebres. Falleció en Biarritz a causa de una enfermedad pulmonar el 20 de septiembre de 1908. Su cuerpo fue enterrado en Pamplona, donde puede visitarse su mausoleo. El Ayuntamiento de esta ciudad conserva la mayor parte de su legado en el Museo Sarasate, que puede visitarse en el Palacio del Condestable, y el Archivo Municipal. El recuerdo al músico se mantiene vivo en nuestros días: la Orquesta y el Conservatorio Profesional llevan su nombre; fue nombrado Hijo Predilecto de Pamplona y se ha honrado su memoria con monumentos y dedicatorias. María Nagore Ferrer Concursantes REPERTORIO Yurina ARAI Primera Prueba Eliminatoria: JAPÓN 1. BACH, J. S. - Concierto en Mi mayor, BWV 1042 16 AÑOS 2. PAGANINI, N. - Capriccio nº 10 3. SARASATE, P. - Zigeunerweisen, Op. 20 (Aires Bohemios) Segunda Prueba Eliminatoria: 1. MOZART, W. A. - Concierto nº 3 en Sol mayor, KV 216 2. BEETHOVEN, L. v. - Sonata nº 3 en Mi bemol mayor, Op. 12 3. WIENIAWSKI, H. - Fantaisie brillante on themes from Gounod's Faust, Op. 20 4. CERVELLÓ, J. - Perpetuum movile 5. SARASATE, P. - Romanza andaluza, Op. 22, nº 1 (Danza Española nº 3) Prueba Final: 1. SARASATE, P. - Zapateado, Op. 23, nº 2 (Danza Española nº 6) 2. TCHAIKOVSKY, P. I. - Concierto para violín y orquesta en Re mayor, Op. 35 Andrey BARANOV Primera Prueba Eliminatoria: RUSIA 1. BACH, J. S. - Concierto en Mi mayor, BWV 1042 25 AÑOS 2. PAGANINI, N. - Capriccio nº 17 3. SARASATE, P. - Zapateado, Op. 23, nº 2 (Danza Española nº 6) Segunda Prueba Eliminatoria: 1. MOZART, W. A. - Concierto nº 3 en Sol mayor, KV 216 2. BEETHOVEN, L. v. - Sonata nº 3 en Mi bemol mayor, Op. 12 3. WIENIAWSKI, H. - Polonesa de Concierto nº 1 en Re mayor para violín y piano, Op. 4 4. CERVELLÓ, J. - Perpetuum movile 5. SARASATE, P. - Romanza andaluza, Op. 22, nº 1 (Danza Española nº 3) Prueba Final: 1. SARASATE, P. - Zigeunerweisen, Op. 20 (Aires Bohemios) 2. TCHAIKOVSKY, P. I. - Concierto para violín y orquesta en Re mayor, Op. 35 Lea BIRRINGER Primera Prueba Eliminatoria: ALEMANIA 1. BACH, J. S. - Concierto en Mi mayor, BWV 1042 24 AÑOS 2. PAGANINI, N. - Capriccio nº 10 3. SARASATE, P. - Caprice Basque, Op. 24 Segunda Prueba Eliminatoria: 1. MOZART, W. A. - Concierto nº 3 en Sol mayor, KV 216 2. BEETHOVEN, L. v. - Sonata nº 3 en Mi bemol mayor, Op. 12 3. PAGANINI, N. - I palpiti 4. CERVELLÓ, J. - Perpetuum movile 5. SARASATE, P. - Zapateado, Op. 23, nº 2 (Danza Española nº 6) Prueba Final: 1. SARASATE, P. - Fantaisie du concert sur Carmen de Bizet, Op. 25 2. MENDELSSOHN, F. - Concierto para violín y orquesta en Mi menor, Op. 64 Ladusa CHANG OU Primera Prueba Eliminatoria: CANADÁ 1. BACH, J. S. - Concierto en Mi mayor, BWV 1042 15 AÑOS 2. PAGANINI, N. - Capriccio nº 9 3. SARASATE, P. - Zigeunerweisen, Op. 20 (Aires Bohemios) Segunda Prueba Eliminatoria: 1.
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