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Indian Railways- an Introduction

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Indian Railways- an Introduction INDIAN RAILWAYS- AN INTRODUCTION B.V.L.NARAYANA Senior professor / transportation management Scheme of presentation History of rail roads Evolution of IR Organizational structure and management Staffing pattern Management of staff – Welfare activities – Negotiating machineries – Grievance redressal mechanisms History of Rail roads 1550 AD – – Roads of rails called wagon ways used in Germany— wooden rails, horse drawn carriages 1776 AD – Rails now of metal. Wheels metal—called tram ways— horse drawn-spread all over Europe 1789AD – William Jessop- invented the flanged wheel 1803 AD – Steam engine built by Richard trevethick History of rail roads RAILROADS –feasible due to invention of steam engine – 1789- first flanged wheels designed –Jessop – 1804 –first tramway steam engine built and used –R. Trevithick – 1825-Stockton and Darlington railways functional – 1814-George Stephenson –built first rail engine – 1826- john Stevens- first American railroad – 1857 –first sleeping car built –Pullman – 1869-george Westinghouse –invention of air brakes – 1970’s –high speed technology HISTORY OF RAILRODS- INDIA – 1832 first proposed in madras—bangalore – 1836-survey carried out – 1840- lord Hardinge decides to support building of railways—irrespective of commercial viability – 1845-two companies EIR and GIPR operating – Dec 22 1851—roorkee functional railway system to haul construction material – April 16 1853- Bombay –thane first passenger train run – 15 august 1854 –Howrah to hoogly History of railroads in India The British government encouraged the setting up of railways by private investors under a scheme that would guarantee an annual return of 5% during the initial years of operation. Once completed, the company would be passed under government ownership, but would be operated by the company that built them. 1862-Howrah –benaras 1870- East and west network linked –6400 kms and 95 million pounds investment History of railroads –India By 1880 the network had a route mileage of about 14,500 km (9,000 miles), mostly radiating inward from the three major port cities of Bombay, Madras and Calcutta. By 1895, India had started building its own locomotives, and in 1896 sent engineers and locomotives to help build the ugandan railways . In 1900, the GIPR became a government owned company. The network spread to modern day states of Assam, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh and soon various independent kingdoms began to have their own rail systems. 1901 –railway board constituted 1907 –most companies taken over by government—first electric locomotive 1914-1918—impact of world war I 1920– 61000 kms network—independent railway budget 1940-44—impact of second world war History of IR –pre independence IRCA – The Indian Railway Conference Association came into existence in the year 1902. AT that time railway network in India consisted of 19 privately owned separate railways systems covering a total of 8,475 miles. Each company had formulated its own rules and regulations regarding charging, booking and carriage of Passengers and Goods. Due to multiplicity of rules the user was very much inconvenienced. With a view to overcome the difficulties in regard to different rules and regulations and to frame rules regarding movement of wagons of one railway system over the other, the Indian Railway Conference Association was formed in the year 1902. Initially the Association was constituted to frame rules and regulations for booking of traffic and interchange of trains between railways, to act as a consultative Committee and as a Board of Arbitration. Subsequently the Committees for prescribing common standards for wagon maintenance and Classification were formed and by 1926 it was decided to have permanent Committees and Technical sections covering all spheres of Railway working under IRCA. History of IR –post independence 1946 –all company railways taken over by government. 40% railways in Pakistan 42 separate systems (32 Princely state railways); 55000 KMS—Multi gauge 1951- reorganization and merger of all company railways—6 Zones 1952—BG standard, indigenous production units; electrification 1986-steam phased out Metro built in Calcutta 1998-konkan railway built EAST INDIAN RAILWAY -1860 Some company railways BBCI— – The Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway (BB&CI) was a company incorporated in 1855 to undertake the task of constructing a railway line between Bombay and Vadodara in India. BB&CI completed the work in 1864. The first suburban railway in India was started by BB&CI started between Virar and Colaba, a station in Bombay Backbay in the 1867 – The Colaba-Borivali section (37.8 km) was eletrified on 5 January, 1928 on the 1.5 kV DC system. – 1936– electrification of churchgate-virar – On 5 November 1951 the Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway was merged with the Saurashtra, Rajputana and Jaipur railways to give rise to the Western Railway. Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway The Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway was a railway company that operated in southern India. It was founded on January 1, 1908, by merging the Madras and the southern mahratta railways. Initially, its headquarters was at Royapuram in Madras but later shifted to a newly constructed building at Egmore, which was inaugurated on December 11, 1922. On April 1, 1944, its management was taken over directly by the Government of India.[1] On 14 April, 1951, the Madras and South Mahratta Railway, the South indian railway and the mysore state railway were merged together to form the Southern Railway, one of the 16 zones of the Indian Railways MSM RAILWAY MAP OF NETWORK Name of Railway Mileage (i) Gaekwar's Baroda State Railway* 736 (ii) Bikaner State Railway 883 (iii) Cutch State Railway 72 (iv) Dholpur State Railway 56 (v) Jaipur State Railway 253 (vi) Jodhpur Railway 807 (vii) Mysore State Railway 712 (viii) Nizam's State Railway 1396 (ix) Rajasthan Railway 179 (x) Saurashtra Railway 1274 (w) Scindia State Railway 294 a) Madras and Southern Maharastra Railway 2,939 (b) South Indian Railway 2,349 (c) Mysore State Railway 729 (a Great Indian Peninsula Railway 3,617 (b) Nizam's State Railway 1,461 (c) Dholpur State Railway 56 Scindia State Railway 294 a) Bombay Baroda and Central India Railway (less Delhi-Rewari-Fazilka and Kanpur-Achnera Sections). 3,522 (b) Saurashtra Railway 1,363 (c) Jaipur State Railway 291 (d) Rajasthan Railway 197 (e) Cutch State Railway 72 (e) Marwar-Phulad section of Jodhpur Railway 72 a) Bengal Nagpur Railway 3,388 (b) East India Railway (Except portion transferred to Northern Railway ) 2,279 Eastern Punjab Railway 1,915 (b) Bikaner State Railway 883 (c) Jodhpur Railway (Expect Marwar- Phulad Section) 795 (d) Moradabad, Lucknow & Ellahabad Division of East Indian Railway 2,101 (e) Delhi-Rewari –Fazilka Section of Bombay & Central Indian Railway 313 Oadh-Tirhut Railway 2,741 (b) Assam Railway 1,774 (c) Kanpur-Achnera section of Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway 252 History of IR –post independence 1946 –all company railways taken over by government. 40% railways in Pakistan 42 separate systems (32 Princely state railways); 55000 KMS—Multi gauge 1951- reorganization and merger of all company railways—6 Zones 1952—BG standard, indigenous production units; electrification 1986-steam phased out Metro built in Calcutta 1998-konkan railway built Route Kilometrege opened on Railways 3lst March 1986 (1) Central 6,486.32 (2) Eastern 4,281.25 (3) Northern 10,976.67 (4) North Eastern 5,163.31 (5) North East Frontier 3,763.01 (6) Southern 6,728.66 (7) South Central 7,137.54 (8) South Eastern 7,075.05 (9) Western 10,224.40 Total 61836.21 Network zones IR –zonal RAILWAYS ON DATE Sl. No Name Abbr. Date EstablishedHeadquarters Divisions 1 Central CR 5-Nov-51 Mumbai Mumbai, Bhusawal, Pune, Solapur, Nagpur 2 East Central ECR 1-Oct-02 Hajipur Danapur, Dhanbad, Mughalsarai, Samastipur, Sonpur 3 East Coast ECoR 1-Apr-03 BhubaneswarKhurda Road, Sambalpur, Visakhapatnam 4 Eastern ER April, 1952 Kolkata Howrah, Sealdah, Asansol, Malda 5 North Central NCR 1-Apr-03 Allahabad Allahabad, Agra, Jhansi 6 North Eastern NER 1952 Gorakhpur Izzatnagar, Lucknow, Varanasi 7 North Western NWR 1-Oct-02 Jaipur Jaipur, Ajmer, Bikaner, Jodhpur 8 Northeast Frontier NFR 1958 Guwahati Alipurduar, Katihar, Lumding, Rangia, Tinsukia 9 Northern NR 14-Apr-52 Delhi Delhi, Ambala, Firozpur, Lucknow, Moradabad 10 South Central SCR 2-Oct-66 SecunderabadSecunderabad, Hyderabad, Guntakal, Guntur, Nanded, Vijayawada 11 South East Central SECR 1-Apr-03 Bilaspur, CGBilaspur, Raipur, Nagpur 12 South Eastern SER 1955 Kolkata Adra, Chakradharpur, Kharagpur, Ranchi 13 South Western SWR 1-Apr-03 Hubli Hubli, Bangalore, Mysore 14 Southern SR 14-Apr-51 Chennai Chennai, Madurai, Palakkad, Salem, Tiruchchirapalli, Thiruvanathapuram 15 West Central WCR 1-Apr-03 Jabalpur Jabalpur, Bhopal, Kota 16 Western WR 5-Nov-51 Mumbai Mumbai Central, Vadodara, Ratlam, Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Bhavnagar Productivity over time Railway medical services Railway medical services Staff welfare Staff Benefit Fund is an important channel for providing additional facilities to railway employees and their families in the spheres of education, recreation, medicare, sports, scouting and cultural activities. Dispensaries under the indigenous systems of medicine, viz. Ayurvedic and Homeopathic, are run with the help of this Fund. Important statistics Approximately 42% staff have been provided with railway quarters. 253 canteens served subsidized meals and refreshments to employees during the year
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