DIGITAL RAILWAYS: ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES IN RAIL ENVIRONMENTS NIKE FOLAYAN Ph.D,CENG., MIET. TECHNICAL DISCIPLINE LEADER COMMUNICATIONS AND CONTROL (RAIL) DISCUSSION
1. UNDERSTANDING OF DIGITAL RAIL AND WHERE COMMUNICATIONS FITS INTO THIS PICTURE TODAY.
2. TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS.
3. TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES.
WHAT IS DIGITAL RAILWAY?
Accelerating the digital modernisation of the 3 of 21 railway. Increase Capacity
Digital controlled trains
Modernise signalling and traffic management
DIGITAL RAILWAY OBJECTIVES
4 of 21 1. More trains o More space for trains. o Modernising Victorian era block signalling. o Reduced headway- trains running closer together.
2. Better connections o Flexible rail timetables. o Respond to changing demand patterns. o Modernising timetable and real time traffic management.
3. Greater convenience o Multimodal coordination. o Access to information and ticketing on all modes of transport via web/mobile apps. o Industry wide open data approach.
CONVENTIONAL AND DIGITAL RAILWAY
5 of 21 Conventional Railway Digital Railway
• No flexibility with conventional • Trains communicating their position
signalling and train control systems. in real-time. • Slow recovery when things go • More choice and flexibility with wrong! increasing connectivity for freight. • High Maintenance costs for signals • Conflict free timetables using £3bn every five years. modern analytics. • 300 skilled planners for time table • Traffic Management to optimise planning. train paths in real time. • 16,228 signalling failures severe • Understanding customer travel enough to affect a service (2014-15). patterns.
BETTER CONNECTIONS, RELIABILITY AND CONVENIENCE
Using digital technology that is already proven, built on open standards that operate 6 of 21 across Europe. ERTMS European Railway Traffic Management System
ETCS Interoperable European Train Control System
GSM-R ATO Global System for Mobile Automatic Train Operation Communication- Railways ( Interoperable communication system for railway ERTMS “LEVELS”- USE OF THE TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEM (1.)
Track to train communications (Level 1) 7 of 21
Eurobalise without infill. Overlay to Existing Signalling System. Movement Authorities through Eurobalise. Train integrity & Position by Track Circuit. LEU: Lineside Electronic Unit
ERTMS “LEVELS”- USE OF THE TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEM (2.)
Track to train communications (Level 1) 8 of 21
Eurobalise + infill (euroloop, radio, or extra balises). Overlay to Existing Signalling System. Movement Authorities through Eurobalise. Train integrity & Position by Track Circuit. ERTMS “LEVELS”- USE OF THE TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEM (3.)
9 of 21 Continuous communications between the train and Eurobalise + the radio block centre (Level 2) Euroradio (GSM-R) + Radio Block Centre No more Trackside Signal Required. Movement Authorities through GSM-R. Train Position via Eurobalise. ERTMS “LEVELS”- USE OF THE TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEM (4.)
10 of 21 Moving block technology (Level 3) Eurobalise + Euroradio (GSM-R) + Radio Block Centre. Movement Authorities through GSM-R. Authorities through Eurobalise. Train Position via Eurobalise. Train integrity On board. Moving Block. STAKEHOLDERS: CIRCLE OF INFLUENCE
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Owners and operators to upgrade train. Infrastructure operators in C&C systems and re-skilling staff. Supply chain Technology solutions and required expertise.
IMPROVING CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE –TICKETING
“Every operator bidding to run a rail franchise will have 12 of 21 to show plans to offer smart ticketing tailored to customers’ needs”. – Former Rail minister, Claire Perry MP
Cards Barcode tickets Near Field Communications (NFC)
Operators working collaboratively on ticketing standardisation. Develop an Integrated interoperable public transport Smart Ticketing scheme.
IMPROVING CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE –BARRIERLESS GATELINES
Stations with no ticket gates in future? EVOLUTION OF MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
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2.5G General 1G Packet Radio 4G Long Term Evolution Commercial Decommissioned Service (GPRS) (IP networking technology) Mobile 1990 2000-2012 Comms 2012 2040 2G Global System 3G Universal 5G-7G (7.5Gbps) Industry for Mobile (GSM) speed 1980 (900MHz/ 1800MHz)
2013-2030 Rail International National Radio Network 2.5G General Union of Telecoms (NRN) GSM-R Packet Radio Railways Base stations Uplink- 876 MHz - 880 MHz Service (GPRS) (UIC) Copper Downlink - 921 MHz -925 MHz (2015- Now) To decide infrastructure what next? WHAT IS GSM-R?
15 of 21 GSM-R (900MHz &1800MHz) - secure platform for voice and data communication. Replaced legacy VHF National Radio Network (NRN) 205 MHz and UHF 450 MHz Cab Secure Radio (CSR) systems. GPRS seen as progressive in the rail Industry.
GPRS (PACKET) AND (GSM-R) CIRCUIT SWITCHING
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User A User C Switching Switching non-real time Node Node Packet scenarios: User B dynamic bandwidth User D
User A User C Switching Switching Node Real time scenarios: Node
Circuit Channel fixed User B bandwidth User D GSM-R CHALLENGES
17 of 21 Interference from LTE: Close to GSM-R frequencies leads to ETCS disturbances and random emergency braking. E.g. 340 interferences since 2007, 60 resolved.
Interference from other public networks: Hampering the use of GSM-R while the assigned radio frequencies limit its capacity. (E.g. 3G - UMTS).
Demand and Capacity: Demand for real time communications further limiting capacity in high traffic areas (ETCS Level 2 using GSM-R circuit-switched data services.) E.g. in-effective operation of other non critical services.
EDINBURGH GATEWAY STATION: DIGITAL RAILWAY STATIONS
Multimodal Station (Bus, Train, Tram). 18 of 21 The first fully digital (PoE) Power over Ethernet converged network in Scotland. Building information management Level 2-BIM best practice.
CCTV Access Control Public Address Data Points Passenger Help Point Customer Information Systems OUR PROJECTS
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High Speed 2 (HS2), UK Digital Railway programme, UK
New Tube for London, UK Metro Station Improvement, Cardiff FUTURE DIGITAL RAILWAY TECHNICAL CHALLENGES
20 of 21 The threat of cyber attack- Proliferation of mobile devices. (iOS)
Threat of a single computerised system called ETCS.
The convergence of IT and Operation Technologies in deploying enterprise facing architecture.
Managing network of suppliers on the same network.
Process harmonization with rest of the EU?
Interoperability & standardization. Human Factors issues - Transitioning to New Technology. Service implementation optimisation. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
21 of 21 Paul Bates . Director, Digital Railway Sherman Havens . Technical Director, Systems Engineering Communications and Control Steve Denniss , . Technical Director, Rail Scott Lawrence . Design Engineer, Communications and Control Group Harshil Patel . Apprentice, Communications and Control Group Samuel Elegbede . Graduate Engineer, Communications and Control Group
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